UNIVERSAL
PRECAUTION Dr. ALAP MEHTA HIV/AIDS Consultant Diploma in HIV (New Delhi / London) Fellow in HIV Medicine ( John Hopkins, USA)
WHY???
AIDS OUT BREAK
Major infections associated with blood/Body fluids
HBV HCV HIV Malaria Epstein-Barr Virus Other
Magnitude of Risk (Percutaneous exposure to infected blood)
0.3% for HIV
3-10%
for HCV
9-30%
for HBV
Specimens for which biosafety practices are needed Blood CSF, Pleural/peritoneal fluid, Amniotic fluid Semen/vaginal secretions Breast milk Saliva
Body fluids considered to be non infectious • •
Feces Tears Urine
Sputum Sweat Vomitus
•
Saliva
•
y d l o b i o s l i b v t ith o n w f I : d e e t t a o N min a t n o c
What are Biosafety practices? Universal work precautions Effective Disinfection & sterilization Safe Disposal of hospital waste Immunization(????)
Universal work precautions (HCW must follow these rules in daily practice)
ď Ź
RULE OF
3
RULE NO.1
PREVENT ACCIDENTAL EXPOSURE
RULE NO. 2
PREVENT SURFACE CONTAMINATION
RULE NO. 3 ď Ź
Ensure safe disposal of hospital waste
Cardinal Rules Of Universal Precautions
( HCW must keep these rules in back of the mind ) ď Ź
RULE OF
3
RULE NO. 1 ď Ź
Consider all patients potentially infectious
RULE NO. 2 ď Ź
Assume all blood ,most body fluids and tissues are contaminated with a blood borne pathogen
RULE NO. 3 ď Ź
Assume all needles and other sharps are contaminated
Universal work precautions Components
Hand washing
Careful handling of sharps
Safe techniques
Use of personal barrier precautions (Gloves, masks, gowns/aprons, protective eyewear, foot cover)
RED COLOR BAG BODY FLUIDS
HUMAN PARTS
YELLOW COLOR BAG GLOVES
DRESSING
CATHETRE
BLACK COLOR BAG
SHARPS ALWAYS BURNT THE NEEDLE AFTER USAGE AND THEN DISCARD IN TO CONTAINER IN A CONTAINER WITH SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE ( 10%)
W A S T E D IS P O S A L
Waste Class
Color code
Human body parts
Red
Body fluids
Red
Needles & Knife blades
PUNCTURE PROOF CONTAINERS
Soiled dressing
Yellow
Gloves /Catheters
Yellow
Non Infectious routine waste
Black
Immunization Presently, only against HBV. For HCV , no vaccine available. HIV vaccine in trial phase
Thank uuu