ISSN 2050-6732 (Print) ISSN 2050-6740 (Online)
Counter-IED Report Spring/Summer 2016
THE WICKED PROBLEM OF LANDMINES CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION – PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES
STOPPING THE TERROR:
BRUSSELS SOUTH CHARLEROI AIRPORT
“CAR BOMB” NEW WAVE:
A TACTICAL USE OF VEHICLE BORNE IEDs FOR A 21ST CENTURY
YOU KNOW IT’S ALL ABOUT THE BOMB, BOUT THE BOMB NATO INVESTIGATORS’ BOOTS ON THE GROUND:
STANDARDIZING THEATRE EXPLOITATION
FIELD DETECTION OF HME USED IN IEDs:
FACTORS AFFECTING THE PRODUCT CHOICE
TRACING IMPROVISED WEAPON COMPONENTS: FIELD PERSPECTIVE MARITIME C-IED
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REPORT CONTRIBUTORS
Counter-IED Report Published by Delta Business Media Limited 3rd floor, 207 Regent Street London, W1B 3HH United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0) 20 7193 2303 Fax: +44 (0) 20 3014 7659 info@deltabusinessmedia.com www.deltabusinessmedia.com www.counteriedreport.com
ISSN 2050-6732 (Print) ISSN 2050-6740 (Online)
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The opinions and views expressed in the editorial content in this report are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily represent the views of any organisation with which they may be associated. Material in advertisements and promotional features may be considered to represent the views of the advertisers and promoters. The views and opinions expressed in this report do not necessarily express the views of the publisher. While every care has been taken in the preparation of the report, the publisher is not responsible for such opinions and views or for any inaccuracies in the articles. Š 2016. The entire contents of this publication are protected by copyright. Full details are available from the publisher. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval systemor transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner.
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CONTENTS
CONTENTS
IFC QINETIQ NORTH AMERICA 5
ICOR TECHNOLOGY
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SCANNA MSC LTD
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SMITHS DETECTION GROUP LTD
10 CRITICAL SOLUTIONS INTERNATIONAL, INC. 11
FOREWORD By Rob Hyde-Bales, Consulting Editor, Counter-IED Report
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ELBIT SYSTEMS – EW AND SIGINT – ELISRA
14 UVISCAN® - SECUREONE INTERNATIONAL BV 14
PRIMETECH - A DIVISION OF FAE GROUP S.P.A.
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THE WICKED PROBLEM OF LANDMINES By Maxine Vining and Benedict Wilkinson, The Policy Institute at King’s College London
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EUROSATORY 2016
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REFLECTIONS ON THE USE OF INFORMATION FROM A SOLDIER By Lt Col Matthew Whitchurch
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INDIA – NEED FOR A NATIONAL COUNTER-IED DOCTRINE & STRATEGY By Colonel H R Naidu Gade (Retd.)
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INDODEFENCE 2016
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CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION – PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES By Pavel Manas, Head of the Department of Engineering Technology, University of Defence - Czech Republic and Zsuzsanna Balogh, Project Manager, NATO HQ SACT
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COUNTER-IED REPORT, Spring/Summer 2016
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
36 TELEDYNE ICM 37
STOPPING THE TERROR: BRUSSELS SOUTH CHARLEROI AIRPORT By Laurent Colson, Marketing & Communication Manager, Teledyne ICM
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NCT EVENTS 2016
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“CAR BOMB” NEW WAVE: A TACTICAL USE OF VEHICLE BORNE IEDs FOR A 21ST CENTURY By Lieutenant Colonel Jose M Rufas, Allied Headquarters Joint Force Command Brunssum
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ENDEAVOR ROBOTICS - 510 PACKBOT MULTI-MISSION & MISSION READY By Tom Frost, President, Endeavor Robotics
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FUTURE FORCES FORUM 2016
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YOU KNOW IT’S ALL ABOUT THE BOMB, BOUT THE BOMB By Steve Johnson, Lecturer Intelligence and Forensic Exploitation at Cranfield University
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COUNTER–IED COLLECTION AND EXPLOITATION: A CAPABILITY IN NEED OF A SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS APPROACH By Russell McIntyre, former US Department of Defense
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JOINT DEPLOYABLE EXPLOITATION AND ANALYSIS LABORATORY, READY TO DEPLOY By Paco Cifuentes, Project Officer Countering Improvised Explosive Devices, European Defence Agency
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NATO INVESTIGATORS’ BOOTS ON THE GROUND: STANDARDIZING THEATRE EXPLOITATION By Lieutenant Colonel Jose M Rufas, Allied Headquarters Joint Force Command Brunssum
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COUNTER-IED REPORT, Spring/Summer 2016
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CONTENTS
CONTENTS
72 SERIM RESEARCH CORPORATION 73
FIELD DETECTION OF HME USED IN IEDs: FACTORS AFFECTING THE PRODUCT CHOICE By Dr. A. Roxana Nicolaescu, Senior R&D Scientist, Serim Research Corporation
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NATO EOD DEMONSTRATIONS & TRIALS 2016
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TRACING IMPROVISED WEAPON COMPONENTS: FIELD PERSPECTIVE By Damien Spleeters, Field Investigator, Conflict Armament Research (CAR)
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COMBAT ENGINEER 2016
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UNDERSTANDING THE OPERATIONAL AND HUMAN ENVIRONMENTS
By Victor R. Morris, civilian contractor and instructor at the U.S. Army Europe’s Joint Multinational Readiness Center (JMRC) in Germany
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CIVIL-MILITARY COOPERATION AGAINST ISIL: IEDs AS A CHALLENGE By Philip Chr. Ulrich, American foreign and defense policy analyst
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MILIPOL QATAR 2016
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MARITIME C-IED By Richard Battrick MSc MPA CEng FIExpE, Battrick Consultancy Limited
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UNDERWATER EOD – A FRAMEWORK COMMENTARY By Richard Battrick MSc MPA CEng FIExpE, Battrick Consultancy Limited
COMPLEX INTELLIGENCE PREPARATION OF THE BATTLEFIELD: UKRAINIAN ANTI-TERRORIST OPERATION (ATO)
103 ACTION ON EXPLOSIVE WEAPONS UNDER BIG BEN! By Nigel Ellway, Head of Secretariat for the APPG on Explosive Weapons 107 CALL FOR PAPERS – COUNTER-IED REPORT OBC ENDEAVOR ROBOTICS 8
COUNTER-IED REPORT, Spring/Summer 2016
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FOREWORD
FOREWORD By Rob Hyde-Bales, Consulting Editor, Counter-IED Report
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iolence in Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya and Syria – countries in which the West has intervened militarily since the outset of this century - continues inexorably. The self-styled Islamic State – ISIL, or using its acronym in Arabic - Daesh - operates in all of these countries with the extensive use of IEDs. In Afghanistan, Western aspirations for a more peaceful environment after the departure of ISAF in 2014 have, as yet, not materialized. Indeed on 12 April the Taliban announced the beginning of their Spring Offensive and followed this up with a Vehicle Borne IED – VBIED- attack in Kabul on the Afghan intelligence agency that killed at least 30 people and injured more than three hundred. In Iraq, the security forces are relying increasingly on US forces as they plan the long awaited recapture of Mosul from ISIL. Coalition air strikes are significantly degrading the capability and assets of ISIL in Iraq, but it still represents an existential major threat. Syria is now the focus of military attention from a growing number of nations. In particular, Russia has played a significant role in strengthening the position of the Syrian President, who recently informed a UK politician visiting Syria that Russia “will not allow him to lose”. Libya continues as a dysfunctional nation, politically divided between Tobruk and Tripoli with ISIL based between these two locations at Sirte, former home of the deposed Libyan President Muammar Gaddafi. There are now renewed efforts by the international community to assist Libya, in particular by recognizing the Government of National Accord in Tripoli. The West is currently mulling over whether to become militarily involved in Libya, which is now the main source of migrants crossing the Mediterranean to southern Europe. Closer to home, on 22 March ISIL terrorists mounted synchronized IED attacks on the main airport and also the Metro in Brussels killing more than 30 people and injuring more than 300.
On 21 April at Speaker’s Green by the Houses of Parliament in London, the All Party Parliamentary Group – APPG on Explosive Weapons organised a Mine Action and Counter – IED demonstration for members of Parliament and the House of Lords. The APPG is currently undertaking an inquiry into the global use of IEDs and their impact on the humanitarian space. The Counter-IED Report is the media partner for the APPG and took part in the demonstration. In a wide ranging article on the Tactical Use of VBIEDs, Lieutenant Colonel Jose M Rufas of the Allied Headquarters in Brunssum in the Netherlands examines the growing use of these weapons in support of terrorist military operations. The main exponent of this trend is ISIL/Daesh, in Iraq and Syria where they have modified US made Humvees captured from the Iraqi Army, and produced effective mobile battlefield weapons. He also examines potential reasons of individuals acting as suicide bombers, either willingly or under coercion/ deception. The latter is widely the case in Nigeria where Boko Haram make widespread use of child suicide bombers. He concludes by stating what he believes needs to be considered and done to mitigate this trend that looks set to remain. In her article on the Field Detection of HME used in IEDs, Dr A Roxana Nicolaescu of the US based Serim Research Corporation highlights the criticality and challenge in monitoring and identifying the most commonly used illicit precursors in IEDs. As the use of fertilizers as precursors is being more regulated and restricted, terrorists are switching to cheap alternatives. The homemade explosive Triacetone Triperoxide (TATP) IEDs were used to deadly effect in the terrorist attacks in Brussels on 22 March. Dr Nicolaescu describes the Serim Discern HME Detection Kit and its inherent advantages in using the counteriedreport.com
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FOREWORD
more stable dry chemical reagents, rather than the potentially less stable liquid chemistry products. In their article on the principles and practical approaches to Critical Infrastructure Protection, Colonel Pavel Manas of the Czech Armed Forces and Lieutenant Colonel Zsuzsanna Balogh of NATO HQ SACT Norfolk, USA, describe types of protection technologies, materials and techniques for improving the blast resistance of buildings. The article outlines the major technical and structural advances that have been made since the vehicle bomb attack resulting in very high casualty rates and the catastrophic progressive collapse of the Federal Building in Oklahoma City in 1995 – the largest terrorist attack against mainland US before 9/11. The smart design of new buildings taking into account the safety distance from the potential epicentre of blast, combined with new advanced materials can help to improve the robustness and structural rigidity and integrity of important buildings and objects. In their article The Wicked Problem of Landmines, Maxine Vining and Benedict Wilkinson of King’s College London, examine the global problem of landmines against the criteria of what some public policy analysts and scholars call wicked problems, which by their very nature are extremely complex. At the heart of all wicked problems is the fact that different stakeholders may all view a particular problem differently, and this is certainly the case with landmines. The authors use literature on wicked problems to suggest a way forward. They argue that the issue can only be solved by bringing together a multi faceted network of diverse stakeholders, willing to share experiences and knowledge and the development of collaborative holistic approaches to the problem of landmines. In his article on Maritime C-IED, Richard Battrick of Battrick Consultancy highlights the historical and continuing threat to the maritime environment from high profile terrorist attacks – normally using conventional military weapons – Rocket Propelled Grenades are favoured in this respect – and or IEDs. Such attacks may result in not only loss of life, but also major economic harm to the critically important global shipping industry. He outlines how the combination of properly trained and 12 COUNTER-IED REPORT, Spring/Summer 2016
equipped personnel and a joint approach to C-IED can assist in mitigating this existential threat to the maritime environment from conventional weapons and IEDs. Damien Spleeters of Conflict Armament Research (CAR), which is a UK based organisation describes how it operates in conflict areas, primarily in Africa and the Middle East to assist in the tracking of illicit weapons and associated ammunition, as well as the components of IEDs. CAR uses a unique EU funded database called iTrace to undertake the tracking process. Operating in or around areas such as Erbil, Kirkuk, Mosul and Tikrit in Iraq and Kobane in Syria alongside local organisations, CAR is tracking IED components recovered in operations against ISIL. In February 2016 the organisation concluded a highly detailed 20 month investigation in Iraq and Syria entitled Tracing the Supply of Components used in Islamic State IEDs. In its subsequent report CAR identifies 50 commercial entities in 20 countries that are involved in the supply chain of IED components for ISIL. These and other excellent articles constitute this edition of the Counter-IED Report. ■
Rob Hyde-Bales biography During his career in the UK Royal Engineers, Rob Hyde-Bales was responsible for landmine clearance in Libya and, more latterly, Afghanistan in the running of the first United Nations humanitarian landmine clearance training programme – Operation Salam. The programme trained Afghan male refugees in landmine clearance techniques, and Afghan women and children in mine awareness and avoidance training. More recently he set up the Caribbean Search Centre in Kingston, Jamaica. The Centre is designed to train security forces across the Caribbean in modern search techniques. After retiring from the army he joined Cranfield University at Shrivenham, near Oxford, and undertook a research project on behalf of the UK Ministry of Defence that examined ways to improve the sharing of IED threat information between the military and civilian organisations in hazardous areas.
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CALL FOR PAPERS
COUNTER-IED REPORT AUTUMN 2016 and WINTER 2016/17 editions Counter-IED Report editorial team would like to invite government bodies, army personnel, researchers, industry experts to contribute their articles, case studies, white papers to the report. We are looking for both theoretical and practicebased non-promotional editorial contributions. Autumn 2016 edition deadlines: Abstract submission: 27 June 2016 Full article submission deadline: 12 August 2016 Winter 2016/17 edition deadlines: Abstract submission: 17 October 2016 Full article submission deadline: 21 November 2016 All enquiries and articles should be submitted by email to: editorial@deltabusinessmedia.com *Fees apply for publication of articles submitted by commercial and for-profit organisations. All articles are subject to editor’s approval.
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published by Delta Business Media Limited 3rd floor, 207 Regent Street, London, W1B 3HH, United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0) 20 7193 2303 Fax: +44 (0) 20 3014 7659 info@deltabusinessmedia.com www.deltabusinessmedia.com