The Talon Vol. 1 No. 2

Del Norte High School

Volume 1

No. 2

dntalon.com | @dnthetalon

March 2021

New Teacher Meets Students for the First Time Through Zoom

C O V I D -1 9

Guidelines Guidelines by the CDC: Ages 2+ wear a mask in public spaces Maintain 6-feet distance even when wearing a mask Avoid crowds/crowded spaces Clean hands, body, frequently touched surfaces Get vaccinated when you have the opportunity

By Ellie Lee Staff Writer On top of being a new teacher at a new school, Julie Hannan had to meet her students through a screen.

Last year, Hannan taught chemistry at Helix High School, and, along with all other teachers and students nation-wide, had to adjust to changes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Then, Hannan was hired as a science teacher for Del Norte High School only a few days before Thanksgiving and started teaching right after Thanksgiving break.

Switching to a new school amidst virtual learning brought challenges in communicating with her students, especially with participation.

“Since the little organic moments of chatting with students in the hall or before class and having lunch with other teachers aren't there, we must create those moments for ourselves” Hannan comments.

On some days Hannan is greeted by silence from a sea of black screens but she adds that communicating on Zoom meetings--especially the chat--can help the quieter students ask questions and participate.

Current School Status:

Del Norte High School: Only open to individuals who signed up for in-person learning

San Diego Current Tier: Tier 2, Red Tier

San Diego Vaccination Status: Phase 1C People ages 16-64 at the highest risk for severe infection Local Superstations CalState San Marcos Palomar Medical Center Downtown Escondido Rady Children’s Hospital Sharp Grossmont Center Mall South Bay UC San Diego RIMAC PETCO PARK SUPERSTATION OFICIALLY CLOSED 3/20

CA Notify: If enabled on your smartphone, the application will notify you when you have come in contact with a person who has tested positive.

For more information, visit: canotify.ca.gov

Akshay Rohatgi CyberAegis Cobalt prepares to compete in a remote CyberPatriot round.

DNHS Students Head to CyberPatriot XIII National Finals

By Lily Wu Staff Writer

Two CyberAegis teams from Del Norte High School placed first and second in the open division for high school students of the CyberPatriot XIII round 3 competition, advancing to the national finals. In first place is CyberAegis Cobalt, and second place CyberAegis Nobelium.

Tanay Shah ('22), captain of CyberAegis Cobalt, talks about how his team feels about being the first: "Everyone from my team is super excited about our performance.

Most of us have been competing for over three years so it’s really nice to see all that preparation and knowledge be linked to the number one spot."

CyberPatriot is a cybersecurity competition for middle school and high school students. They compete in their respective divisions to find security flaws and secure Windows and Linux systems as well

as complete a networking challenge.

DNHS students make up the majority of CyberAegis, a local organization where students teach each other cybersecurity lessons and prepare for CyberPatriot and other cybersecurity competitions. Students from Oak Valley Middle School and Design39Campus are also in CyberAegis.

CyberAegis members have taken part in CyberPatriot for many years, claiming an increasing number of top places each year.

In addition to the teams who took Paige Dana the top two places in the open division of Round 3 this season, five more DNHS teams from CyberAegis placed in the top eight, and in total ten DNHS teams scored in the top one percent among 2,504 participating teams.

See New Teacher, page 3

See CyberPatriot , page 5

Jannesari’s (ʻ23) EntreDiya Anantharaman (’22) on Parasitism, Finding

By Ida Mobini Inspiration, and What Comes Next preneurial Journey: TurnStaff Writer Del Norte student and musician Diya Anantharaman (’22) describes her creative voice as “mercurial.”

“I tend to get bored extremely easily,” Anantharaman says. “I feel like that really, really manifests itself in whatever I make.”

She cites her debut album Parasitism—released in February 2020 under the name Planet Bones—as an example: not every song fits into the same genre.

The first two tracks, “Something Blue” and “Sandbag,” boast two different sounds and moods. But neither song fully prepares you for the album’s brutal seventh track “Painkill”—implying codependency—in which Anantharaman sings, “I am tired of being here for you,” against heavy electric guitar.

According to Anantharaman, the album was written at a pivotal point, at

which she not only had to face her own struggles, but also mitigate the pain of those around her.

“I feel like I was there for people who weren’t really there for me,” Anantharaman says, “that’s kind of where the title ʻParasitism’ comes from.”

More recently, Anantharaman has moved past the introspection of her first album, focusing more on observation and commentary, and her work is much more experimental in terms of sound. She also feels that a regression has taken place. At the age of nine, when she began to write solo pieces for the piano, her music was completely instrumental. Today, although she still writes lyrics, she feels less compelled to place vocals in the spotlight, allowing herself to explore the “gray area” between instrumental and vocal music.

See Anantharaman (’22), page 3

ing Passion into Profit

By Meghna Mohan Staff Writer

Parmida Jannesari (ʻ23) has managed to turn her passion for drawing into a profitable business. Through Sugadoodles, Jannesari showcases her skills as a rising entrepreneur while chasing her passion in the arts.

“It all started in 7th grade when I bought a digital art app and just started messing around with it,” Jannesari remarks. She opened an instagram account to share her art later that year. The account has since grown to almost 2,000 followers.

Jannesari recalls, “I never planned to have a business. This was just a fun art account.”

Parmida Jannesari As her own instagram presence began to grow, Jannesari was contacted by @youreverdayasian, an Asian comedy account, with a request to produce apparel using her designs. Having never been commissioned by a business before, Jannesari learned the basics from the owner of @youreverydayasian.

“It was a good experience as a 14 year old freshman… He kind of took me through how percentages work and how equity works,” Jannesari said.

See Jannesari’s (’23), page 2

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Del Norte High School

Features

How Cross Country Has Adapted to the Pandemic

By Risa Iwazaki Staff Writer

“

their freshman year and have noticed significant differences since the start of COVID-19.

It has helped my “Covid has made it mental health a lot. Whenever really hard for us to have a As cheesy as it sounds, I’m stressed I go on runs, and season and to stay connecteverybody on the team is like a then after, feel so much better. ed as a team,” says family to each other, and since It’s a great way to clear your Sandrew. we're not a super huge team we Chris Jacobs, the head and especially during cross country coach, has are able to get really close with Covid, it’s been nice to get been doing weekly calls each other” outside” with the team where they -Amanda Phillip (’22) -Emma Sandrew (’22) talk about how things are going, allowing for team bonding and a way to connect virtually. During the pandemic, Allison Huang both Phillip and Sandrew have been running with small groups on their own and have found new trails around the community to hike at.

“Being on the cross country team has introduced me to some of the sweetest and most hardworking people I have ever met,” Phillip says. For many cross country runners, running creates a sense of belonging in a community full of loving people.

Many experts advocate how running has benefits for mental health as well. Going on a long run is an opportunity to work out pent up emotions, and to just take a breath of fresh air. For runners like Phillip and Sandrew, running is an escape from stress and pressure from school.

“This year, school's gotten a lot tougher academically and more time consuming, so running gives me a really good opportunity to work out stress and get reenergized,” Phillip says.

While the thought of running over ten miles daily can be daunting for some, Phillip and Sandrew bring a different perspective to the table. Sandrew has been training for the past three years and is ready for the season to start. Her favorite part is the social aspect: there is constant conversation during their long runs. Phillip has always enjoyed running but wouldn’t have stuck with it for so long if there Emma Sandrew runs on Del Norte’s track during Cross Country practice. wasn’t such a great community surrounding it.

“

Allison Huang Pictured left to right: Runners Hannah Riggins, Amanda Phillip, and Isabella Sarralde run together during cross country.

Del Norte’s Cross Country team earnestly prepares for their season starting on February 1st, even as much of San Diego remains in Purple Tier restrictions.

The cross country team had a few weeks of practice at the end of 2020, but has since been practicing remotely. Emma Sandrew (ʻ22) and Amanda Phillip (ʻ22) have both been on the cross country team since

New Teacher Meets Students for the Cody Frederick (’22) on Gender Identity

By Ellie Lee First Time Through Zoom Staff Writer

From New Teacher , page 1 Distance learning has also severely limited teachers’ ability to read students’ faces and look over their shoulders. Hannan stresses how helpful it is when students let her know how they are feeling, both about the material she is teaching and how they are feeling on that day.

“I love that it is totally acceptable for students to say to me, ʻI could not focus on anything you said yesterday because I was so sick of Zoom so I need help,’” Hannan states.

Despite the physical barriers, Hannan says the challenges of distance learning have made teachers and students at Del Norte become stronger and more under-

standing. She also tries to make her virtual classroom a safe and fun environment.

Hannan has already had memorable interactions with her class. She recalls how a few students had an impromptu discussion about the ethics of using nuclear chemistry during the entire tutorial period.

“I think my science-nerd self smiled about it for a week,” Hannan recalls.

Hanna hopes to make more memories with the students and teachers at Del Norte.

The best way to help each other out is to “continue to bring their best each day, whatever that is,” Hannan says.

According to Del Norte student Cody Frederick (’22), the exploration of their own gender identity has been “rocky”—if it weren’t for a friend’s parent who outed them as queer, they would still be closeted today.

“After that, I started exploring myself more freely, trying to figure out who I was,” Frederick says. In their freshman year at Del Norte, they came out as a transgender male. However, internalized homophobia and transphobia caused inner conflict.

“I was a lot more free, but I still felt like something wasn’t right,” Frederick states.

Over quarantine, Frederick explored their femininity. When TikTok and other social media trends popularized the notion of men expressing their feminine side—“The rise of the femboy,” Frederick says with a laugh—they recognized an opportunity.

“I was, like, ʻOh, this is perfect, because I don’t have to come out again,’” Frederick says.

Later, though, they changed their pronoun usage, upon realizing that they felt less gender dysphoria being perceived as a nonbinary person than as male.

After the merch collaboration, Jannesari was inspired to open her own business making stationary out of her art. She began selling stickers, and has since expanded to include washi tape. In addition, though she can’t disclose much about it, Jannesari is in the midst of securing a partnership with The Boba Co. Despite her current successes, Jannesari faced her fair share of hurdles in the beginning.

“I love the learning experience, but I also hate the learning experience,” Jannesari recalls, “because in order to learn, you have to struggle at first.”

During her first business collabo- communication required of a business ration, Jannesari was immensely under- collaboration with her academic life.

“I remember I’d be in Bio class and paid. While working with @youreverydayasian, she was paid a flat rate of $300 I’d get a bunch of messages on my phone that I needed to for her services respond to quickly,” despite the immense If you love teaching, Jannesari said. profit earned from the if you love baking, if you As most of its apparel sales. products are manufacJ a n n e s a r i love creating, just make tured locally, Sugadoosays, “Of course I was something big out of it,” dles has not been as naive, I was new to - Parmida Jannesari (’23) severely affected by this.”

COVID-19 as many Though she now views it as a learning opportunity, other small businesses have. Though she Jannesari wishes she had been firmer in has struggled to promote her business on voicing her demands and advocating for an entirely online platform, Jannesari is the quality of her art. She also recalls using the pandemic as an opportunity to struggling slightly to balance the constant expand her advertising methods. By creat-

“

By Ida Mobini Staff Writer

Still, Frederick says that they want to physically transition. In fact, after two years of advocating for themselves, they are finally beginning testosterone hormone therapy in 2021.

In the past, Frederick says, people were more close-minded about gender identity, including other queer people. Frederick cites the infamous “I identify as an attack helicopter” joke, which ridicules those who identify as nonbinary.

However, during quarantine, people have started to open their minds, recognizing that not everything has to adhere to “this specific, Western, [cisgender and heterosexual] perception of everything.”

Frederick isn’t alone in their newfound nonbinary identity. For many teenagers, the pandemic has provided time to explore their gender, and it seems that more people are coming out as queer than ever—whether by making a formal announcement, or simply adding a pronoun to their Instagram biography.

“Not everything has to be like the way that we were raised,” Frederick adds. “There’s always room for change and I feel like people are accepting that.”

Jannesari’s (ʻ23) Entrepreneurial Journey: Turning Passion into Profit From Jannesari (’23), page 1

March 2021

By Meghna Mohan Staff Writer

ing accounts on older platforms like Facebook and Nextdoor, she is reaching kids through their parents.

Despite the struggles that may come with running a business, Janessari remains passionate about SugaDoodles.

“I love logging onto Instagram and seeing people post their order summaries… or [seeing] people from around the world wear my apparel... it just makes me so happy,” Jannesari said.

For anyone looking to start a business, Jannesari emphasizes the importance of staying educated. She recommends doing research and joining clubs or classes that will teach you about business. Most importantly though, Jannesari encourages following your passion.

The Talon

Vol. 1 No. 2

3

Features

Diya Anantharaman (’22) on Parasitism, Finding Inspiration, and What Comes Next

By Ida Mobini Staff Writer From Anantharaman (’22), page 1

General inspiration, AnantharaIn spite of having released an man says, comes from everywhere.

“I personally don’t think that album and continually making music, Anantharaman says that she wouldn’t inspiration should be limited to other describe herself as a “singer-songwriter.” musicians or to sound itself,” she explains, She doesn’t write with the intention of although she adds that she does pull influcreating a song or a lyric—typically, she ence from her favorite mixes when it comes to technical begins with writing aspects of producpoetry—nor does she I just think [making tion. She cites the compose music with the intention of adding music is] something that feels band Talk Talk, right to me, and it has been American composer vocals.

“What I’ll feeling right to me; it sounds Steve Reich’s “Electric Counterpoint,” usually do is I’ll have nice, and so I keep doing it.” and the Sun Ra an idea in my head, Arkestra as points of and then the way that -Diya Anantharaman (’22) reference. idea manifests itself “One thing I can be in many different ways,” Anantharaman says. Currently, really like about [Sun Ra Arkestra] is the her creative process is related to her amount of liberation there is in their crazy, synesthesia, a phenomenon that allows avant-jazz chaos,” Anantharaman says. “I her to “hear colors.” Starting with a color think that’s something that really inspires palette or a landscape in her imagination, me—the chaos that they can foster, and the liberation that comes out of it.” she composes based on what she sees.

Still, inspiration comes from a As for lyrics and vocals—“It’s dodgy,” Anantharaman admits. “It’s just, variety of places. Discussing Planet Bones’ ʻOkay, here’s a mood, here’s a scenario. I next album, which aims to explore how happen to be writing about this at this people interact with politics, political figures, and the changing world around moment.’ You can’t really force it.”

“

Diya Anantharaman them, Anantharaman specifically mentions today’s social and political happenings.

“It’s super hard not to let that seep into your work, especially when you have so many thoughts about it,” she says.

Later, she adds that the political content of the next album will be mostly subtextual; she doesn’t aim to preach, but rather to offer commentary.

Del Norte Sports Return to Play During A Pandemic After months of not knowing when teams were going to return, many typical fall season sports are returning to campus to practice this February.

Along with Track and Field, Cross Country, and a few other teams, Del Norte’s field hockey team is among the few

“I really do think there’s no clear-cut intention behind me making music,” Anantharaman says. “I just think it’s something that feels right to me, and it has been feeling right to me; it sounds nice, and so I keep doing it.”

“I really do think there’s no clear-cut intention behind me making music,” Anantharaman concludes.

By Mia Magdaraog Staff Writer

selected sports reuniting this season.

Amanda Patel (ʻ23) is eager for her first varsity season on the team and hopes to take advantage of this season. Primarily, she wants to improve her skills despite not knowing how much they will get to play.

Although the traditions that the varsity girls usually partake in every year won’t be occurring, Patel hopes the team can participate in socially distanced team bonding activities to get to know each other.

During the time they had off, Patel took the opportunity to continue practicing her skills on her own with a small group of friends and her older sister. Besides practicing, she Thomas Coover used her extra time to focus on school work and try out new hobbies. With activities such as baking, reading, and swimming, she made Paige Dana in a field hockey match during the COVID-19 pandemic. sure she was not wasting a moment of the time that found a way to fit it into her 12-hour days.

Field hockey was replacing the typical Now, given the new virtual environhas always just been a fun ment, she takes advantage of her rare free field hockey season.

For Paige Dana part of my everyday life, and moments. Dana remarks, “Although I really (ʻ22), her main aspiration I don’t think the pandemic missed sports, I took advantage of having for this season is to do as the time to not do anything.” will be able to change that.” much as she can as safely Despite the possibility of a shortas possible. Dana, who ened season, Dana states, “Field hockey has -Paige Dana (’22) always just been a fun part of my everyday has played since her freshman year, never saw life, and I don’t think the pandemic will be field hockey as a chore to fill her time and always able to change that.”

“

Thomas Coover Amanda Patel plays field hockey on Del Norte’s football field.

Del Norte ASB Holds Elections Virtually for the First Time In January, for the first time in Del Norte history, presidential elections for the Associated Student Body were held online. In order to adhere to current virtual learning guidelines, ASB modified their election process to fit entirely on a computer screen.

This year, the majority of virtual elections took place via social media.

Candidates were tasked with creating a short video, taking over the ASB instagram for an afternoon, and creating digital posters to advertise on social media and school-wide emails.

Having run for vice president two years in a row, current junior vice president Hannah Riggins has experience with

both in-person and virtual elections.

“In a sense, it did turn into a popularity contest this year,” Riggins claims. “Certain candidates who had campaigned in previous years may have had an advantage because more people knew of them.”

A high social media following and a candidate’s ability to access outside resources may have also given candidates an advantage in the virtual setting.

Riggins states that “most people went into the week knowing who they would vote for… there was less of an opportunity to shift people’s perspectives of you because you couldn’t talk to people in person.”

That being said, Riggins actually

prefers virtual elections to in-person elections.

Riggins claims that the hardest aspect of in-person elections was the time commitment. “Although it’s fun to actually speak with people in person last year, I was less stressed this year. [Elections] were less demanding in terms of time,” she remarks.

From spending early mornings hanging up posters on campus to using lunch and free periods publicizing her campaign, Riggins admits that demands of in-person elections were overwhelming. That’s not to mention the amount of time it took to create posters and handouts for students.

By Meghna Mohan Staff Writer Riggins also brought up the environmental benefits of virtual elections as paper isn’t being wasted on posters only to end up thrown away at the end of the week. In addition, she appreciated that candidates were given the creative liberty to choose what type of video they wanted to make.

“I think it was a way better way to get to know the candidates than having a regular speech,” Riggins says.

Though many believed virtual elections were a one-time deal, next yearʻs election process is unclear. Virtual elections, or at least some aspects of them, may be here to stay.

4

Del Norte High School

Features

March 2021

Exclusive Interviews: Insight Into Del Norte’s New Classes

01. Writing Seminar with Melissa Darcey

Conducted by Aidan Rosen Web Editor

What is Writing Seminar?

Writing Seminar is an elective course that explores the elements of numerous literary genres, including poetry, prose, drama, journalism, and creative non-fiction. It's meant to provide students with a comprehensive snapshot of creative writing in its many styles so they can determine which most speaks to them and develop the skills needed to gain mastery of that form.

Creative writing sounds like a broad topic, and it’s not as narrow as, say, AP English Language which focuses on rhetoric or Honors Humanities which focuses on the arts. What topics will Writing Seminar focus on, and how will they be split up throughout the course?

Writing Seminar 1 will really focus on gaining a comprehensive picture of creative writing and exploring its many forms. By experimenting, students will work on identifying their strengths and mastering some of the techniques that authors use. Writing Seminar 2 allows students to dive deeper into their writing independently, working on more extensive projects, such as a novel, short story or essay collection, poetry portfolio, or publication. While Writing Seminar 2 will focus more on publication, both trimesters of the course will provide opportunities to submit to writing contests and publications.

Some students have discussed being embarrassed to share their writing, especially heartfelt poetry. Will the course encourage students to overcome this anxiety or work around it?

Writing is very personal, and it can be scary sharing a personal piece of writing with peers. This is where it's really important for students to trust one another in the class, so we'll take time in the beginning of the course to build connections and establish a writer's community. While writing workshops will be essential to the course, we'll take it slow for students to gain confidence and comfortability, such as doing blind reading workshops before openly sharing our work. There are also essential rules to writing workshops that help ensure that we're providing actionable and constructive feedback rather than judgment. And it's important to mention that we won't share everything we write in the class.

What inspired you to start the Writing Seminar course? Do you have a background in creative writing?

At such a STEM-focused high school like Del Norte, I noticed a gap in the humanities that needed to be filled. I frequently hear from students that they want to explore more creative writing, but our English classes don't always have the space for it in the curriculum. There are so many creative students at Del Norte and I wanted to provide them a space to nourish those skills and find an outlet to express themselves.

I also felt I could bring in some of my background to support students. My first job in high school was at a San Diego newspaper. After studying literature and creative writing in college, I spent my first seven years in corporate communications and marketing, including some time spent in publishing and writing. So, I've experienced both sides - as an editor managing the production of communications, including magazines, and as a writer seeking publication. Having worked several years as a freelance writer, I'm familiar with the process of pitching, submitting to literary magazines, ghost writing, and studying the craft of other writers. Even as a teacher, I'm still a writer. I carve out time to write and submit my work to magazines and websites for publication. I'm working on a few projects now, and I had a non-fiction article published a couple months ago and a fiction story coming out next month in a print literary magazine.

If this course is meant to mix study and career-like prep/practice, how will you strike a balance between the two?

I really believe it's important for any high school class to provide some level of career and future preparation. While most Del Norte students continue on to college, you have a whole life after that. So, while the beginning of the class will focus on building essential skills to become a confident writer with a unique voice, there will be opportunities to explore career opportunities, whether it's merging the humanities and STEM or pursuing a career in writing or editing.

What is your biggest goal for the course? What do you want students to leave the classroom with after their last trimester in the course?

My biggest goal is for students to gain confidence in their writing and voice. I hope students end the first trimester knowing their strengths and, even more importantly, knowing how to continue nourishing those strengths so they can continue to grow as a writer. There really isn't such a thing as "mastery" of writing. But having confidence in yourself and understanding the essentials of communicating with purpose to an audience will take you far, whether you're writing a short story, an analysis essay, or a science research paper. Every student should leave the class proud of the work they created.

What does the class revolve and around and what do you hope students will gain from it?

The class will have two essential components - study and practice. The best writers are big readers, so we'll study the craft of the masters and understand how they've established a unique voice that speaks to audiences. And then we'll practice and experiment, figuring out what works and what doesn't. A big focus of the class is self-discovery so students can understand which forms of writing best allow them to express themselves creatively.

I also hope students gain an appreciation of the power of writing and understand that it's not just for "artists". Regardless of its form writing is revolutionary. It can change minds, encourage political, social, and cultural reform, and unite communities. Even scientists, economists, and mathematicians need to be able to communicate well if they ever want to share their discoveries with the world. Johns Hopkins recently launched a graduate program for Science Writing because, even in science fields, you need to know how to communicate to either inform, persuade, engage, or entertain an audience. Think about the current pandemic. It's critical for scientists to clearly articulate the benefits or risks of a vaccine to encourage action. And in a few years, we can expect to see novels about this time in history that can both entertain its readers and warn future generations.

02. Ethnic Studies with Megan Volger

Conducted by Rachel Wei Features Editor

What is Ethnic Studies? What will it focus on?

Similar to U.S. History, but it’s different in the respect that it’s built around the experiences of marginalized groups in the United States. So really what different racial groups and genders, and people of different sexual orientations, those with disabilities, what their experiences have been. It’s really focused on taking action. So students in this class will not only learn about these experiences, but also … the final project will

“

It’s different from normal history class in that we’re studying so many different things, not just history. We’re going beyond that.”

-Megan Volger (Teacher)

be to take action in your community towards achieving equity and social justice.

What do you want them to leave this class with after finishing the course?

I hope that they gain that empowerment.

One shift we’re really trying to make with history is not just to study the really bad things and sit with that, because that can get really dark. Instead, acknowledging the bad things that have happened, but there

have always been people who have resisted. Really helping students identify the resistance that has happened, and empowering themselves so that they can be part of resistance today to fight the bad things that are still unfortunately happening today.

Who would you recommend to take this class?

I think everyone should take this class. No matter what your background is, I think that you would benefit from this class. Whether or not you’ve already taken US history, that’s not an issue. You don’t need any history background coming into this class. From a personal experience, As I am doing more research and more work to help create this class, I have even learned a lot about my own identity, and about the United States today, and how we’ve gotten to where we are today. There is a learning opportunity for everyone, regardless what your background is. What race you are or gender or sexuality.

What inspired you to start/teach this class?

I’ve always been interested in trying to diversify my own curriculum, trying as best as I can to have as many voices represented in World [history] or U.S. history, and so the opportunity came up that the district is requiring every school to offer this class. So it came up for me to be part of that, and I thought that would be a great opportunity for me to continue to do what I’ve been doing. Events that have happened over the summer, like the black in PUSD account, has helped me become aware of the experiences of our marginalized groups on campus, and I became involved in the equity anti-racism task force. So I was able to hear more of the experiences of our students on campus, and that made me see how valuable this class can be.

What is your biggest goal for this course?

My goal would be for students to understand our community, understand the systematic oppression that is still very much part of our country, unfortunately, but also be empowered to do things about it. Ultimately, I see history as a class that can really help shape students into becoming good citizens. I think this class will really help students become good, active citizens so that they are fighting against the injustices that they see.

Anything you would like to tell any interested students?

If anyone has any questions, they are welcome to reach out to me. This class is also going to be one that hopefully will reflect the student body on campus. I want every student on campus to see themselves reflected in this class. I’m very open to listening and to feedback. If students have ideas, or things they felt have been … things that they feel have been overlooked.

How the Class is Structured 4 major units 1. Identity: what are different things that make up our identity 2. Immigration: looking at different groups who have immigrated to the U.S. and what their experiences have been. For example, there will be lessons about the Vietnamese immigration after the Vietnam War. So what caused those people to immigrate, and what their experiences were when they arrived.

3. Power & oppression: Looking at what groups in our society have power, how have they used that power to oppress other groups in society 4. Social Justice: resistance, how have people fought back against oppression. Looking at even present day things, like the Black Lives Matter movement, and how that movement is fighting systemic oppression. Students will take part in their own social justice, identifying injustice and taking steps to remedy that

The Talon

Vol. 1 No. 2

Local News

5

Pandemic Puppies: A Common Quarantine Side-Effect

By Eva Crickard

Staff Writer

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many local families have welcomed dogs into their homes to lift their spirits. These canine friends help bring about positivity and help support dog-related businesses in the area. “[Dogs] bring another kind of joy into your life,” Gina Kim (ʻ23) says, who adopted a poodle mix in June of 2020, roughly 3 months after the start of the pandemic. Kim explains that taking care of and training a puppy is time consuming and at times wears on your patience. However, she says that puppies can brighten up your day when you hang out with them.

Emilia Wightlin (ʻ23), who adopted a rescue dog from Tijuana in September of 2020, describes how her dog is a good excuse to get out of the house and walk around the neighborhood. She also agrees with Kim in that spending time with a dog can be really fun and have a positive effect on the mental health of the owners because of this.

Dog trainer Mel Reicheck from her local company Dogpanion Private Dog Training remarks, “Business boomed since the pandemic began.

Before the pandemic began I was booking 2 weeks out. Since the pandemic I was booking close to 4 weeks out — almost a 40% increase.”

However, she also had to make changes to her company’s model. To comply with local safety guidelines, Reicheck requires face masks for in-person meetings, which usually are conducted outside, in

the client’s backyard. Alternately, clients can opt to send their dog to her home for a two week long board-and-train to avoid in-person contact and still complete the dog’s training.

Similarly, Joe Cardenas, the Senior Manager of Customer Relationship Management Strategy Marketing at Petco in San Diego, also observed that the corporation is experiencing successful sales growth: “Our e-commerce business used to be 10% of our total sales and is now upwards of 20% and continuing to grow while our brick and mortar business has rebounded and maintained very strong sales and traffic. This growth can largely be attributed to the explosion of new pet parents during the last 9 months.”

Cardenas also went on to explain how many local families are getting pets now more than ever because their increased amount of time spent at home means that they don’t have to worry about pet care during the work day.

San Diego dog groomer Valerie Vogel of Ruff Life Mobile Pet Spaw shares that, in the beginning of the pandemic, “unfortunately I did lose some clients but about 90% of existing customers stuck it out with me.”

As the quarantine prolonged, her business started to pick up: “One beneficial part [of the pandemic] is more people are liking the idea of mobile [grooming] rather than the drop off/pick up at a store. So, my phone has been ringing more with potential customers

Kevin Do who are new to mobile and want to limit their risk of going into stores or grooming shops.”

Veterinarian Dr. Carrie Bone of Del Norte Animal Hospital also remarked, “Before the pandemic, it was normal to see maybe 2-3 new puppies in one week. One Monday in April, I saw 8 new puppies in one day!”

This uptick in business at the animal hospital mirrors that of many other local industries that cater to dogs. Dr. Bone finds that the reasoning behind this swell

is due to the fact that “a lot of people have always wanted to get a pet but their excuse has always been that they are never home. Now, they are always home!”

In short, some people found that adopting dogs can provide comforting friends during quarantine. This increase of pandemic puppies also resulted in increased business for local canine companies.

DNHS Students Head to CyberPatriot XIII National Finals

By Lily Wu

Staff Writer

from CyberPatriot, page 1 Paul Johnson, coach of the CyberAegis teams, says, "In line with our team's past performance, this year's performance was truly outstanding. We have very sharp, determined, and competitive students putting in many hours and this has led to an amazing performance once again. Our strength remains in students collectively working together to build a formidable team, what I like to think of as a hive mind."

Due to the new rules that were

added this season by the Air Force Association, the organizer of the CyberPatriot competition, only two teams from the same organization or coach are eligible to go to the open division national finals. In previous years, the top twelve teams in the semifinals (known as Round 3 this year) could participate in the national finals, regardless of their affiliation.

If the rule had remained the same, seven DNHS teams from CyberAegis would have been able to participate in the nationals. Under the new rules, the five teams who ranked from

third to eight ended their competition season early.

When asked how he feels about AFA's new regulations, Johnson responds, "In some sense, it is a little humbling that the organizers, the Air Force Association added a special rule because we were completely dominating the competition leaving little oxygen for other teams at the national level. Naturally, this is disappointing, however historically the AFA has emphasized diversifying the competition geographically, so it's not surprising."

Students who advanced to the national finals around the country are looking forward to what the national finals will bring.

Tanay Shah of CyberAegis Cobalt remarked, ”We will have schools from every corner of the nation competing for the number 1 spot and this year’s regional diversity is something we look forward to. In the past, we were mainly competing against our own teams and knew what to expect but this year’s diversity introduces unknowns we are excited for.”

PUSD’s Effort and Initiatives Towards Racial Equity

By Emilia Wightlin

Staff Writer

In response to the Black Lives Matter movement, Poway Unified School district has begun to reevaluate its policy on racial equity within its schools, making strides to be more racially inclusive.

After the death of George Floyd on May 25, 2020, two PUSD students created an instagram account, @blackinpusd, dedicated to telling the stories of students in the district who have experienced targeted acts of racially motivated bullying.

This quickly gained traction across San Diego county and they began to receive hundreds of responses from students, parents, and staff explaining the racism they had experienced or seen.

Now exposed to these stories, the school

board has promised to take action against the racism and descrimination at their schools.

At the beginning of the 2020-2021 school year, PUSD established their Equity/Anti-Racism Task Force. DNHS teacher Tasha Giffin leads Del Norte teachers, administrators, counselors, and students in their efforts to enact change by supporting cultural awareness, diversity, inclusion, and equity. The task force provides teachers and students who want to encourage equity with resources to do so. The task force wants to use instances of racism against students to increase awareness surrounding racism and its effects.

Giffin states that the overall goal of the task force is to empower students

and teach them to be aware of their identity so that Del Norte can become a more inclusive community. The hope is that once Del Norte students graduate, they are able to bring hope, justice, and unity into the world.

Furthermore, the task force is encouraging changes being made in curriculum to be more inclusive and informative about race. There are to be lessons created about equity and social justice that have been previously excluded from traditional teachings.

PUSD has created a new Ethnic Studies course that will be offered to all Del Norte High School students. The course will be taught by Ms. Volger.

Students will have the opportunity to learn about different marginalized

groups and their experiences in the United States, as well as how to take action towards social justice and equity.

The Ethnic Studies course will have a large emphasis on action. The final exam will be for the students to create a social justice project and become activists for a cause. This class is designed to create a more inclusive and accepting community by supporting a better understanding for students of races.

Through these initiatives, PUSD is making strides to create racial equality in their schools, and there is more on the horizon from PUSD in their efforts to combat racism and create an inclusive environment for all students.

6

Local News

Del Norte High School

March 2021

The Difficulties of Driving During Quarantine

By Eva Crickard

Staff Writer

Over the span of the 2020 pandemic, it has become increasingly difficult for teen drivers to get their permits or licenses due to safety regulations. Many have experienced online issues and quarantine scheduling difficulties because of the COVID-19 pandemic.

A sophomore at Del Norte says that when they went to get their permit in October of 2020, they completed the majority of the process online with no issues. Then, they went in person at a local DMV to complete the permit process by taking the written test and a photograph, which required them to take their mask off temporarily. Following this experience, they described the COVID safety measures in place at the time they went: masks were required, but social distancing was not as much enforced.

This sophomore recommends bringing disposable gloves to the DMV, due to the lack of sanitization on commonly touched surfaces. Another sophomore at Del Norte, Arushi Rai, comments on her experience later in the year, in December of 2020: getting a permit is the “first step to being an adult” and the process should not be this tricky. Rai notes that the online application process was “inconvenient” and did not work for her because of the difficulty of uploading documents.

Furthermore, when she went to the in person DMV, the whole process took two

and a half hours. However, Rai did encounter a change in social distancing policy at the time she went during the pandemic. At first she waited outdoors, but when she went inside the chairs were “spread 6 feet apart and everyone wore masks”. However , she did report a lack of hand sanitizer in the building.

One more Del Norte student, Alex Zakoor (11), started the application process in August 2020. Zakoor also filled out the online application and had no trouble with the process aside from difficulty navigating the website, which he described as being “convoluted”. He had difficulties with both the in person driving school and the DMV appointments he scheduled being cancelled due to COVID safety regulations. Zakoor also shared Rai’s experience with the socially distanced outdoor line and the mask regulations when he went to take his permit test early in December of 2020. In all, the process took about 45 minutes inside the DMV. Despite only being able to obtain his permit in December of last year, Zakoor mentions that if it weren’t for the pandemic, he would have had his license by now. He states that the COVID quarantine restrictions have pushed the process of getting a license back a whole year for him. In other words, Zakoor estimates that he will not be able to get his driver’s license until December 2021, a full year after when he anticipated

receiving it.

This is in part because the driving school appointments at Zakoor’s chosen school, AAA, are backlogged 5 months because of the San Diego County-wide shutdown that occurred. Alternately, the California DMVs were not offering any behind-the-wheel driving tests starting on December 11, 2020 and continuing through the month of January 2021. They have just begun offering them again on February 1 of this year.

This recent reopening after a month and a half of closure will undoubtedly lead to a long waiting-list of behind-the-wheel driver’s test appointments.

Overall, the coronavirus pandemic has impeded many young drivers from obtaining permits and licenses. In coherence with the DMV’s effort to keep all customers and staff safe,

Dominic De La Torre new safety regulations were enforced to reduce indoor contact. Hopefully, now that the DMV has reopened its behind-the-wheel testing and perfected its in person safety protocol, more new drivers will be able to get on the roads and start learning.

San Diego Pediatrician Calls for Local Schools to Reopen

By Amanda Phillip

Staff Writer

Dr. Patricia Cantrell Amid the raging pandemic, youth mental struggles have become increasingly apparent to pediatricians like Dr. Patricia Cantrell. With 20+ years of service in the San Diego area, Cantrell is well-seasoned in treating the afflictions of young people. She draws a connection between ongoing school closures and worsening mental health and advocates for a return to in-person learning as a safe, doable, and necessary step in combating teens’ mental health struggles.

Along with other San Diego school districts, Poway Unified School

District (PUSD) has employed a virtual learning model since the beginning of the school year.

In talking with thousands of patients over these last months, Cantrell has heard many perspectives regarding online learning.

Chief amongst them are complaints about the lack of time and absence of efficiency. Patients consistently approach her in distress over the rapid pace that teachers use to cover class material.

Cantrell has noticed that students are experiencing a sense of academic disconnect, one that is worsening mental health issues. She reveals that “it’s been very difficult for [her] to watch kids failing in their classes” when they feel “they can’t do anything about it.”

Cantrell’s interactions with local patients have led her to conclude that while “some teachers may feel that [virtual instruction] is effective… if you talk to the students, it’s not effective.”

Cantrell advocates for in-classroom learning, noting that teachers are often able to teach better when there is a

strong student-teacher connection. “A student is more apt to raise their hand in a classroom than interrupt a zoom call to ask a question.”

There is a substantial amount of concern and controversy in local communities surrounding a return to in-person learning. However, Cantrell’s medical expertise has led her to conclude that “we could continue to go back [to school] as there are so many things that we could do that are safe.” She believes a COVID-conscious return to school is the solution to many of the mental health struggles she currently witnesses in youth.

She asserts that “the statistics do not show that being in school is actually more dangerous than being at home,” and that “kids just really aren’t getting that sick.”

While COVID differs in severity throughout the nation, Cantrell is positive that San Diego schools are in the position to return safely. “There’s a lot of data from other states that show that it is safe to go back, of course with masks.

Kid-to-kid transmission is almost nothing; it’s very low. The transmission they’re finding is teacher to teacher, because in the break room [teachers are] eating together. Or we’ll find that the teacher will get it from an outside family member, from home. We’re not finding that it’s spreading [directly] in schools.”

As Cantrell looks to the next few months, she remains hopeful that schools will look to the advice that she and many other San Diego medical

experts offer. As of January 2021, Cantrell predicted that we would see an adequate drop in San Diego case numbers in February and March. With this in mind, Cantrell emphasized a need for local schools to be proactive in their plans to reopen. “They should basically have everything in place; any hand sanitizer and plexiglass, whatever they need, could be ordered.” Cantrell advocated for this preparedness because she worried that “if the schools don’t prepare right now, then in March, they’re going to go ʻOh, okay, now let’s look at going back now that the numbers are down.’ And that’s what I’m afraid of. They’ll wait till the last minute, and then they won’t even get the plan in place till May, and then they’ll say ʻOh well, we only have a month left of school’ and then they won’t come back at all.”

School reopening mandates laid out by the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) in mid-January prevented PUSD and any other districts in the purple tier from taking the medical advice of Dr. Cantrell and like-minded physicians into consideration with their reopening plans. The guidelines required the PUSD Board of Education to comply, despite dissentive or supportive opinions from community members, to the CDPH’s decision to prohibit school reopening in counties until those counties remain in the red tier for at least five days.

The Talon

Vol. 1 No. 2

New Years During a Pandemic As 2020 came to an end, the world welcomed 2021 in with social distancing guidelines. New year festivities were anything but normal as countries all over the world shut down some of their most anticipated annual traditions.

Many people across the world were left devastated by these actions.

Americans were left watching the Times Square ball drop online rather than in the crowded New York streets. Austra-

lians were also left at home as many of their firework locations were closed or cancelled all together. A long-lasting tradition in South Korea was broken when their government closed off all the beaches in Gangneung and people were forced to watch the first sunrise of 2021 virtually.

Others didn’t let the disease stop them and risked their lives to participate in large group gatherings. In a small French town, a rave attracted around

Global News

By Anusri Thokachichu

2,500 party-goers and violated the country's 8 PM curfew. Many participants were sent penalty notices and police officers set up COVID-19 testing sites near the party’s location in an effort to prevent the virus from spreading. In China, the people crowded the streets of Wuhan and proceeded with their traditional countdown. The only difference this year was the large number of police officers that patrolled the site to control the size of the crowd and enforce

Staff Writer

mask-wearing guidelines. Despite New York’s attempt to decrease its infection rates by closing the ball drop to the public, three parties were caught for accommodating hundreds of people. The people who organized idk these parties were even fined for violating the city’s health restrictions. While COVID-19 took control of everyone’s 2020 and people celebrated the end of the year in unconventional ways, many still have faith in a better 2021.

New Year. Same Pandemic. Different Strains.

As COVID-19 continues to spread, new strains of the virus are inevitably appearing and threatening the effectiveness of vaccines and hospitals.

The most recent strain was discovered in Japan when a new mutation was identified among passengers

Rebecca Wei

returning from Brazil. Currently, there is not enough information to determine how deadly it is; however, it has been observed to have mutations similar to those of the strain found in the U.K. and South Africa. Professor Robert Bollinger from John Hopkins University School of Medicine says that the mutation spreads faster among people, but it does not mean that severe symptoms will manifest.

“We are not seeing any indication that the new strain is more virulent or dangerous in terms of causing more severe COVID-19 disease,” said Bollinger.

Viruses constantly mutate and WHO

Growing Protests in India Since August 2020, thousands of farmers in India and people around the world are protesting the new farming laws that can cause many farmers to go out of business. India’s government has responded with internet shutdowns and censorship, but farmers continue to object.

In September 2020, the Parliament of India passed three farm bills that enabled farmers to sell their goods to anyone for any price.

However, farmers worry that big corporations will exploit farmers and leave them in debt. These new laws do not remove the guaranteed minimum prices on farm products, but they do remove restrictions on corporations relating to land and stockpiling. Minimum support price (MSP) allows farmers to have a safety net in case crop prices drop dramatically.

Farmers demand the government to

Rebecca Wei

By Vivian Magahis

physically write into the laws that farmers will still have MSP so that large companies cannot manipulate and abuse small farmers.

The government argues that these laws empower farmers, but farmers believe that the laws actually allow big corporations to force farmers out of business.

“For many years, a certain agribusiness lobby, backed by some of the biggest corporations in the country, has been wanting to enter agriculture,” politician Yogendra Yadav of Swaraj India tells Time Magazine. He adds that there are “large groups which want to enter agriculture. The problem is the laws in the country which do not allow big corporations to purchase land.”

With these new laws, corporations will be able to take control in the farming industry.

Internet access was shut down in New Delhi as well as three other areas

Pandemic Curfews

Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus says that the more the virus spreads, the higher chance of new mutations.

Bollinger also explains that there are some mutations that emerge and disappear while others emerge and persist. He continues to explain that in order for viruses to spread, they must have advantageous traits that allow for it to evolve and survive. However, if the mutation becomes too deadly, said Bollinger, then it will not be able to reproduce.

The big question is whether the newly-made vaccines will be able to withstand the new mutations. Ghebreyesus tells CNBC that the existing vaccines are still effective against these new mutations, but that they may need adjustments in the future. However, University of Cape Town professor Marc Mendel-

7

By Vivian Magahis Staff Writer

son, who is studying a mutation discovered in South Africa, explains that scientists are cautious because “the resulting changes in structure of the spike protein could reduce the binding of antibodies to their recognition sites and therefore reduce the ability of our immune system to prevent the virus from entering cells and taking hold.” If the genetic code changes, then the antibodies won’t be able to neutralize the virus and prevent it from infecting our bodies.

If these new mutations do cause a spike in infection rates, it may become very difficult for hospitals that are already at high capacity to house more patients. Health officials such as Ghebreyesys warn that new variants that are more contagious will lead to more hospitalizations and understaffed hospitals.

Staff Writer

surrounding it. Internet restrictions were implemented because of the violent clashes between protestors and the police.

In a statement late January, Darshan Pal, a leader from Samyukta Kisan Morcha, says he believes it to be “undemocratic” because “the government does not want the real facts to reach protesting farmers, nor their peaceful conduct to reach the world.” Pal adds that the government is “fearful of the coordinated work of the farmers’ union across different protest sites and is trying to cut off communication means between them.”

The government has also demanded that Twitter remove over 1,000 accounts related to the protests, New York Times journalist Karan Deep Singh reports.

Singh adds that the government has “arrested activists and journalists, and pressured media organizations to hew it’s line.”

Iris Ding India’s Supreme Court has temporarily suspended the three laws in hopes that the farmers might “come to the negotiating table with confidence and good faith.”

However, farmers have stated that they will continue to protest until the laws are fully repealed.

By Anusri Thokachichu Staff Writer

Though some countries have benefited from nationally implemented curfews, others have faced even more challenges than the pandemic itself.

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread, many countries across the world have enforced curfews in an attempt to slow the spread of the disease.

Some curfews resulted in food shortages and left some citizens starving. In Afghanistan and Haiti, curfews and restrictions have affected the food supplies. According to The Guardian, this caused the number of people on the brink of famine in the country to rise sharply from 2.5 million last September to 3.5 million in May. In Mali, the curfews affected women’s working hours. These curfews closed off access to crop fields during the hours in which women were allowed to work, but kept them open for men. This caused many households to be left with fewer sources of income and

less money for necessities such as food.

Other countries saw rebellions towards these government-mandated curfews. In Manchester, the government set a curfew that closed bars and restaurants at 10 P.M. in an attempt to prevent late-night parties. Despite the curfew, many people continued to buy drinks and roam the streets at night.

In other countries such as the US, when curfews were enforced to prevent the spread of the virus during the Black Lives Matter movement protests, many took the restriction personally.

Some turned to losing shops to showcase their opposition.

As countries continue to fight the pandemic, governments across the world simultaneously search for methods that will best stop the spread of the COVID-19 virus while also battling social issues.

8

Entertainment

Del Norte High School

March 2020

Do DNHS Students Prefer Movie Theaters or Streaming Services?

By Paris McClung

Staff Writer

It has been a while since movie-goers have been able to comfortably enter a movie theatre. The smell of popcorn, padded seats, and large screens seem like a distant memory. However, viewers are not the only ones missing theatres.

Due to COVID-19, highly anticipated films like “No Time to Die,” “Black Widow,” “Dune,” and “The French Dispatch” are now being released months after their original announcement dates.

One tactic that major production companies like Disney are taking is releasing movies over streaming services.

“Mulan” was released on Disney + in September of 2020.

Following this, the New York Times published that Warner Brothers would be releasing their next 17 movies on HBO Max. They began with “Wonder Woman

By Jason Marcaida

Staff Writer

Cannes, France, 2001. The 2001 Cannes Film Festival was underway. The film nominations were extremely standard, with Michael Haneke’s The Piano Teacher, David Lynch’s Mulholland Drive, and Baz Luhrmann’s Moulin Rouge being crowd favorites. But also in this lineup was a children’s film about a green ogre whose swamp gets invaded, and saves a princess with the help of an unstable donkey.

Shrek came out twenty years ago and landed with a splash. It profoundly influenced popular culture, spawning a lucrative franchise earning $2.9 billion dollars in box office revenue across its 4 entries. The multitude of movies, short films, video games, TV shows, Broadway musicals, comic books, and theme park rides prove Shrek’s bold place in the realm of popular culture.

Coming two years after the end of the Disney Renaissance, Shrek’s deconstruction of popular fairy tales, particularly those coming from The Walt Disney Company, has deeply resonated with audiences. Shrek wasn’t shy to flip the tropes commonly associated with animated fairy tales, with its un-noble main character, liberal use of pop culture references, unconventional princess character, and wacky villain. Shrek blatantly opposes several movie conventions, pointing out their flaws, absurdities, and limitations.

Shrek further solidifies its impact on pop culture through its influence on meme culture. Released shortly

1984” which was released on December 25, 2020.

By skipping the movie theatres entirely and going straight to audiences, Warner Brothers cut theaters out of the equation. Although it might be a faster and widespread way to reach audiences, this also limits viewing options.

What do viewers think about having movies released over streaming services and not in theatres?

After asking Del Norte High School students, it seems to depend on personal preference.

Anna DiPasquale (ʻ21) says that she likes watching on streaming services like Netflix better because it gives her more control over her experience by being able to pause the movie and fix the volume.

Emily Waldrop (ʻ21) adds that streaming makes watching movies more convenient.

Similarly, Rachel Lee (ʻ21) says

watching at home makes the overall experience more comfortable.

Streaming services have also been able to bring people together in a safe way.

Morgan McKinney (ʻ21) says she likes going to movie theaters in person, but as quarantine has prolonged, she’s begun to appreciate streaming devices much more.

However, some students still prefer viewing the film in theatres because of the experience.

“Watching in theaters is way better since the big screen and the speakers [are] built for it, whereas streaming services are easy to access but cheap at the same time,” said Eliana Park (ʻ21).

Lauren Del Mar (ʻ21) says she believes that film should be an immersive experience. When she’s in a theatre, she says, she’s completely submerged in a different environment and cut off from all distractions.

Others, like Amanda Audette (ʻ21), say they miss the social experience that movie theatres provide.

From the production companies’ perspectives, recently released statistics suggest several downsides in releasing directly on streaming services. According to Forbes, Disney’s “Mulan” only grossed $70 million in the box office compared to the movie’s $200 million budget. Similarly, Warner Brothers’ “Wonder Woman 1984” had a budget of $200 million and only received $132.1 million in the box office.

This could be a good sign for movie theater fans since production companies will most likely continue to release their films in theatres. Moving forward in 2021, we may be able to look forward to watching new movies on the big screen.

Shrek, 20 Years Later:

after the internet began to truly boom, Shrek didn’t take long to seep itself into the niche facets and cultures of the internet that would grow to become increasingly mainstream. Shrek gave birth to some of the internet’s most legendary memes, from the comically descriptive fanfiction Shrek is Love, Shrek is Life, to the absurd image combo of Markiplier’s face on Lord Farquaad’s head on Mark Zuckerberg’s body, captioned “E.” Shrek’s resonance in popular internet culture was felt most strongly through the popularity of its opening sequence song, Smash Mouth’s All-Star.

As people became increasingly connected through the internet, memes became increasingly relevant in pop culture, with short-form, postmodern, and strange memes becoming comedic norms. More people found themselves immersed in new brands of humor, something Hollywood would take note of.

Shrek ushered in a new era of mainstream cinema poking fun at itself and its conventions. Would Deadpool be as resonant a character with so many people had Shrek not set the precedent for its type of self-referential, self-aware comedic sensibilities? Looking at Disney’s recent releases, you can clearly see Shrek’s influence, with films such as Enchanted (2007), Tangled (2010), Wreck-It-Ralph (2012), and Frozen (2013), picking up on the themes and ideas Shrek had laid out.

Shrek shook up popular culture by giving a postmodern edge to conventional, escapist fairy tales, leading a new generation to view their media with a more modern lens.

A Green Ogre’s Impact on Popular Culture

Nicole Pi

What Do DNHS Students Think About the 78th Golden Globes Nominees?

By Paris McClung

Staff Writer

Red carpets, trophies, and performances all have something in common: Academy Award Season. This season’s award shows will see the 78th annual Golden Globes on February 28th, the Grammys on March 14th, and the Oscars on April 25th. The Golden Globes, specifically, is expected to look a little different due to COVID-19.

Safety precautions, like limited guests and celebrities with masks, are to be implemented. The Golden Globes committee announced, “For the first time in the history of the Golden Globes, the nominations were announced virtually,

following the current safety measures during the COVID pandemic.”

On February 3rd, the Golden Globes publicly announced their nominees.

Content from streaming services occupied much of the nominee list.

Netflix has gotten 42 total nominations for shows and movies including Ozark, Emily in Paris, The Prom, The Crown, The Queen’s Gambit, Hollywood, Mank, The Trial of Chicago 7, and Unorthodox.

The Mandlorian, streaming on Disney+, secured a nomination for Best Series Drama. Disney+ has also received nominations for their animated films

Soul and Onward. Hamilton has also received a nomination.

Del Norte and AP Animation students Morgan McKinney (ʻ21) and Bella Brion-Reed (ʻ21) were particularly excited about these movies receiving nominations.

McKinney says, “Animated films take an insane amount of work and time from so many talented artists and should be recognized for their efforts. Especially now, as many animators aren’t even able to see their movie have a typical opening night that they work towards. Onward was only in theater for a few weeks and

Soul went straight to Disney+, so it’s cool to see those nominated for golden globes and Oscars so artists are still getting their recognition.”

According to CNBC, a historical feat for The Golden Globes is that three female directors have been nominated for Best Director by The Hollywood Foreign Press and it is “the first time that more than one woman has been nominated in the best director category in any one year.”

The 78th Golden Globes will be hosted

by Tina Fey and Amy Poehler on February 28th, streaming on NBC.

The Talon

Vol. 1 No. 2

A Review of "The Queen's Gambit" from an Unenthusiastic TV Show Watcher

By Russell Kang

9

Entertainment

Nicole Pi

Editor-in-Chief

If you were like me and searched for a TV show to fill your winter break leisure time, you may have stumbled across the popular Netflix original "The Queen's Gambit."

I didn’t think the show would be particularly interesting, considering that it revolves around chess, but out of sheer curiosity, I ended up clicking on it.

Surprisingly, after watching the first episode, I couldn’t help but continue. I rarely watch TV shows, let alone enjoy them, so I was surprised when I felt myself getting hooked.

Spoiler Alert: If you haven’t watched the show yet and you want to figure out what happens on your own, do not read any further!

"The Queen's Gambit" revolves around a girl named Elizabeth Harmon (Beth), played by Anya Taylor-Joy. Beth becomes an orphan at only nine years old when her biological mother passes away in a car accident. At her orphanage, she develops a friendship with the janitor, Mr. Shaibel, who teaches her how to play chess in the orphanage basement. Within a few episodes, it becomes apparent that Beth, with the help of some green pills, is a chess prodigy. For the rest of the series, Beth basically goes on a rampage and destroys almost every chess opponent.

The first thing that I found intriguing about the show was its abnormal plot. Netflix watchers know what I’m talking about when I describe the cliche and overused, rags to riches story following a teenage athlete on his path to stardom.

But in "The Queen's Gambit," the athlete is a

chess player, and she is the life of the party.

Beth doesn’t battle social anxiety or introversion but rather she battles her addiction to pills and alcohol. Although I played chess for a while, I always thought of the game as a relatively reserved activity. As a result, seeing Beth get hammered before a match was shocking, to say the least.

I was also drawn to "The Queen's Gambit" by its old-school setting. A time without COVID-19 and cellphones. Weird outfits and classic furniture. Landline telephones and in-person flirting. It was an escape from our modern world currently infected with viruses and mayhem. I found joy in imagining that I was in the show. The thought of living in another era was amusing for me, but it was a much-needed escape from my current life.

To make it more interesting, there are several times in the show where the characters start speaking a completely different language to non-chess players.

“Knight E4. Pawn C3. Queen B6.” It makes no sense to the average person, but it’s a fascinating glimpse into these players’ minds. In one scene, Beth visualizes an entire chessboard on the ceiling of the orphanage and replays various scenarios to determine what she could do to win a game.

Although that scene seems like a dramatic stretch, real-life professional chess players actually do the same. They can keep track of all the pieces on the gameboard and play entire games in their head without ever touching the physical pieces. Watching this made

me view chess players in a completely different light upon finishing the show.

Besides, who doesn’t like watching underdogs win? I found it extremely satisfying to watch an unranked female and former orphan dominate grandmasters in chess. Something about witnessing Beth climb the whole competitive chess ladder made me like the show that much more.

However, most importantly, I was hooked onto the show by the portrayal of Beth. Anya Taylor-Joy plays the paradoxical character wonderfully. Beth is shy but still a fighter. She is aggressive but cautious. Anxious but confident. Taylor-Joy transmits Beth’s intense turmoils and thoughts perfectly through expressive facial expressions and revealing body language. I found it incredible.

If I were to continue listing all of the things that I enjoyed about the show, this would go on forever, so I’ll stop here. As fans, here’s to the potential second season of "The Queen's Gambit." Although I’m not sure if it can get any better than it’s already been, we can only hope.

In the meantime, I’ll be grinding on Chess.com to become a grandmaster in two weeks.

Humble Recommendations: 5 Songs by Black Artists to Explore It is undeniable that Black culture has contributed substantially to modern music as we know it. Many innovative styles of music have been greatly influenced by, if not pioneered by black visionaries of sound. The

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influence of Black musicians carries on, from R&B to Avant-jazz and everything in between. In honor of February being Black History Month, here are five inspired, distinct, and splendid pieces of music created

By Diya Anantharaman

by black artists to explore. Headphones are always recommended!

Journey in Satchidananda — Alice Coltrane

Alice Coltrane was a jazz composer and musician whose work often featured a majestic melting pot of influences. In her piece titled “Journey in Satchidananda," Coltrane draws inspiration from Indian classical music, featuring the sound of a tanpura (a droning stringed instrument) firmly rooting itself underneath a shimmering layer of jingling percussion and steady upright bass. Coltrane’s harp possesses a fresh, dynamic timbre that transports listeners to a nearly celestial realm of sonic embodiment. The ebb and flow of this piece are complemented by the saxophone work of jazz aficionado Pharaoh Sanders. The eclectic amalgamation of sounds and textures on this piece offers listeners an enchanting take on exploratory jazz.

Talkin’ Bout a Revolution — Tracy Chapman

Tracy Chapman’s “Talkin’ Bout a A Revolution” channels an air of hope for progress and change. Chapman’s rich, instantly-recognizable voice carries an unaffected sincerity as she sings of “tables starting to turn” and the sound of a revolution being “a whisper." Chapman relates to everyday audiences by referencing the mundanity and bleakness of a corporate, capitalistic society, with mentions of “waiting for a promotion” and “wasting time in the unemployment lines." She is accompanied by the bright, simplistic yet expressive chords of an acoustic guitar— an additional sonic reflection of a sanguine approach to contemporary folk-pop. This tune is undeniably inspiring and especially relevant in the midst of 21st-century chaos and advancement.

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What’s Going On — Marvin Gaye

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Marvin Gaye, commonly known as the “Prince of Motown'' was an undoubtedly huge figure in music during his time, penning and delivering thoughtful, captivating music to the world in a time of continuous social change and unrest. In “What’s Going On," Gaye explores themes of cruelty, bias, and injustice, singing “…everybody thinks we're wrong… but who are they to judge us simply 'cause our hair is long." He addresses the positive impact of communication and mutual understanding with lines like “…talk to me so you can see what's going on…” and “…you know we've got to find a way to bring some understanding here today…." Gaye’s vocal performance in this song is passionate and tuneful, as he alternates between scatting and singing. “What’s Going On” begins with chattering voices that eventually fade out and let the melodic instrumentals and vocals take over, only to rise back up again as the song progresses. I imagine the voices are omnipresent, and that they return every now and then to remind listeners that the voices of many individuals who speak for justice still tirelessly stand and advocate even when others aren’t listening for them.

Black Qualls — Thundercat

Stephen Lee Bruner, or Thundercat’s “Black Qualls” is a song that captures the magic of multiple artists’ creative input. It features songwriting and performance contributions from Steve Lacy, Steve Arrington, and Childish Gambino. The lyrics focus on the themes of progression, paranoia, and pursuit of satisfaction that accompany adulthood, with lines like “I just bought a crib… I bought a brand new ride, am I keeping it real? …I’m not living in fear, just being honest” and “Is it just me or am I paranoid? Gotta keep it on the low 'cause I've been robbed before." Bruner’s undeniable flair for creating and meticulously expressing superb basslines is definitely apparent in “Black Qualls," with its anchoring grooves. The smoothness of this song’s vocals and bass is juxtaposed against slightly gritty drum sounds that add a dash of tasteful roughness to the mix, making up a neat take on modern funk and R&B.

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Staff Writer

In Your Eyes — Anjimile

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Anjimile’s song titled “In Your Eyes” is a hauntingly beautiful exploration of gender identity. “I went home and I asked my parents what “Anjimile” meant.

They told me that “Anjimile” means “denied” in Chichewa (the native language of Malawi, where my family is from), and that one of my aunts had cried out “oh, Anjimile” when I was born because she was hoping my parents would have a son. In this context, “Anjimile” means “denied a boy.” There’s a couple of lyrics in this song that go “Does my body divide / was my body denied?," and they’re quite literal and based around the aforementioned context.," Anjimile mentioned American Songwriter. The song starts off with plucked acoustic guitars and progresses into a gorgeous sonic environment filled with ethereal and grounded percussion, lush harmonies and backing vocals, a soft synth backdrop, and Anjimile’s soulful lead vocals front and center. “In Your Eyes” is a fluid expression of a deeply personal topic that fills and touches every corner of the room that it is played in.

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Entertainment/Sports

Del Norte High School

March 2020

Humble Theories: Why So Many People Prefer Older Music

Diya Anantharaman and Nicole Pi

By Diya Anantharaman

Staff Writer

In the past 5 or so years, I have noticed a pattern in myself, my peers, and even in the adults around me.

So many people, regardless of age, are strangely drawn to music recorded before 1995. What is it about older music that captures the ears of so many people?

“Honestly, I just think it sounds cooler. [I don’t know] why exactly, it just...works for my brain better,” said Tovah Shapiro (’22).

“I just like the way it sounds. The texture isn't as sharp or clear as more modern music. I tend to listen to old recordings of classical pieces and I find that the texture makes it feel a lot calmer,” said Arya Karthik (’22).

I theorize a few factors that contribute to this “texture” that Karthik speaks of. In the terms of music recording and production, the methods of recording music have significantly changed over the years. Today, a majority of artists record most of their music directly into a computer using a “digital audio workstation” (DAW), which was popularized in the late nineties.

Before that, artists would record their music “reel-to-reel” -- a method where audio is recorded with tape that passes between large, separately mounted reels.

This difference in the recording medium changes the texture of the music quite a bit. Most of the time,

modern DAW recordings use a variety of plugins -software that processes audio signals with the intent of applying effects and/or fulfilling any given modification purpose. Most producers will use a compression plugin, which uniformly lowers the overall dynamic range of any given track they are recording. This creates a more even level of volume in the audio, bridging the gap between louder and softer sounds, granting a bit of consistency.

DAWs tend to pursue a nearly robotic degree of perfection. They are designed to aim for noise reduction, a flat and even frequency response, and squeaky-clean audio.

On the contrary, analog recordings are a little less sterile.

Analog tape recordings are usually naturally a bit compressed since most tape recorders aren’t capable of creating a perfect replication of an audio piece’s full dynamic range. Additionally, tape recordings will often have some saturation (i.e. tiny irregularities, minor phasing fluctuations, subtly-distorted murmurs, the like). This natural compression, saturation, and the subdued “hiss” of the tape lead to a warmer, less automated audio tone.

The idiosyncratic nature of tape and analog recording gear, in general, seems to be what gives the audio recorded with it that elusive, softer texture. The imperfections of analog recordings may be the reason they’re so appealing.

Another way the creation of music has changed regards the pricing and availability of analog and acoustic instruments. Today, musical instruments are often digitized.

Technology using Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MDI) has grown extremely popular in the last few decades. MIDI technology enables musicians to either choose from a variety of sounds, or design their sounds, and create arrangements with a few “plunks” at a keyboard or sequencer. Since so many digital instruments and sounds are sample-based, they sound calculated in an arrangement, since the same sound is being pitch-shifted and duplicated repeatedly. This leads to a lack of natural variation. Instruments that are directly being played and recorded sound much less mechanical and more lively.

Analog gear has become harder to come by and therefore more expensive, so today, most musicians opt for digital gear in place of analog gear. MIDI tends to be the go-to because it is usually much more cost-effective than its analog or acoustic instrumental counterparts. Digital MIDI synthesizer patches have also grown increasingly

popular since analog synthesizers are often quite pricey, although it is difficult to replicate the distinctive warmth of analog tones. Hearing MIDI, squeaky-clean digital recordings, and sample-based sounds all the time may make people long for something different and more organic, perhaps leading them to covet older analog audio.

It isn’t just listeners who crave a vintage sound - many musicians and producers crave it too. Several musicians still record with reel-to-reel tape technology, and many more record with analog and acoustic instruments. A wide variety of musicians use a sort of hybrid setup, where they use a mixture of digital and analog gear. Some may record raw audio with analog means, and then digitize it and edit it in a DAW. Others might even use old, originally tape-recorded samples with their MIDI arrangements in order to achieve a more eclectic, stylized sound.

Finally, I theorize that people are drawn to older music because of a sense of longing for simpler, less chaotic times, and the thematically candid appeal to it “I listened to [older recordings] when I was a toddler so they bring back a sense of familiarity,” said Hew Yeh (ʻ21), “[the recordings] shaped my perception of what good music is. That is why I think I still listen to them today even though there are songs that have much better audio quality.”

“I’d say there’s a certain charm to it,” said Allison Huang (ʻ22), “Not that everybody says that about the music they like, but there’s a certain rawness about it. A lot of the time music nowadays over-idolizes materialistic themes like sex, drugs, and drinking. And while I’m not denying these themes didn’t exist in the music before 1995, it was definitely less of the forefront.”

There may be a variety of different reasons as to why people are so captivated by older recordings. In my humble theory, I think people long for the analog warmth and texture of older music, as well as the thematic and nostalgic elements of it. While the amount of current innovation and development in new audio technology is incredibly interesting and worth checking out, I do think it is nice to have older methods and sounds to return to every now and then.

Super Bowl LV: A Student’s Prediction

By Mateen Khosravan

Staff Writer

It’s Super Bowl week. For Super Bowl LV, the Tampa Bay Buccaneers will take on the reigning Super Bowl champion Kansas City Chiefs. Personally, I see the Kansas City Chiefs taking home the Lombardi trophy, but each team definitely has something unique to contribute to this year's unusual face-off.

We can start things off with the Chiefs’ starting lineup. The quarterback is the former league MVP, Patrick Mahomes. Mahomes is the epitome of an ideal quarterback. He has the strongest arm in the NFL with pinpoint accuracy. He is incredible at extending plays with his feet and his ability to throw the ball on the run is superb, which will allow him to evade the top-tier Tampa Bay defensive line. Receiving passes from Mahomes is the fastest and most elusive wide receiver in today’s league known as Tyreek Hill. Alongside his unhuman agility, Hill has some great hands that protect the ball even when he's tackled. Travis Kelce, the best tight end in the league, completes the Chiefs’ menacing receiver duo. Known for his ability to find soft spots in zone coverage, he’s able to use his huge hands and large stature to contribute consistent big gains. Not to mention, the Chiefs have an up and coming superstar running back in Clyde Edwards-Helaire out of LSU. Regarding defenses, the Chiefs have a slightly better secondary and a solid defensive line. They have the advantage in special teams, which will always have an impact on big games like Sunday.

The better the special team, the better the position of the ball and ability to score field goals. Chiefs’ coach

Andy Reid and his play coordinators are no doubt better than Tampa Bay’s coaches. In my opinion, the Chiefs should be able to outsmart the Buccaneers with better play calling and longer time of possession. They can tire out the Buccaneers defensive personnel, and especially their run defense, which would allow the Chiefs to open up their lethal passing game and get good yardage running the ball.

Now, I’m not by any means saying that the Chiefs are going to blow the Buccaneers out of the game. The Buccaneers will definitely give them a run for their money and to be fair, I wouldn't be surprised if Brady took home his seventh ring. I mean, we’re talking about the GOAT of football. He is the human testament of the phrase “age is just a number.” At age 43, he still remains a top-caliber quarterback. And it also helps that he has probably the best receiving weaponry in the NFL, consisting of Mike Evans, Chris Godwin, Antonio Brown, and long-time teammate Rob Gronkowski. This offense can be lethal; depending on how the Chiefs’ cornerbacks handle their assignments, the game can spiral out of control very quickly. Not to mention, the Buccaneers also have a solid running back selection with Leonard Fournette and Ronald Jones II, who provide a downhill, power running style that will be sure to keep Kansas City on their toes. On the defensive end, the Buccaneers have one of the most lethal run defenses in the league. As said before, the Chiefs’ secondary is slightly better than the Buccaneers’ so this game is really going to come down to which offense plays better. It should be an exciting game to watch.

I’m predicting a 31-29 Chiefs victory. With the

Kevin Do decency of the Buccaneers defense, I can visualize a few incomplete passes from the blitz. For that reason, I’m predicting that Mahomes will throw for 3 touchdowns, 343 yards and complete 31/45 passes. I think Tyreek Hill is going to be a key receiver for yards and I can see him getting a touchdown while receiving for 173 yards. Kelce, being important in the red zone, is going to have 10 receptions, 2 touchdowns and around 100 yards. On the Buccaneers side, Tom Brady will throw 2 touchdowns, 267 yards and complete 25/37 passes and throw an interception.

Mike Evans will more than likely be Brady’s main man and I can see him having 8 receptions and 121 yards with 2 touchdowns. Defensively, I think it will be a good performance on both sides; however, I don’t think the game is going to boil down to who has the better defense as both defenses share their similarities. Super Bowl LV will be a battle of offenses.

The Talon

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Vol. 1 No. 2

COLOPHON The Talon, Volume 01, Issue 02 Del Norte High School’s Newspaper and Student-forum. Published on June 13, 2021.

Del Norte High School, 16601 Nighthawk Lane San Diego, CA 92127 Phone: (858) 487-0877 Fax: (858) 487-2443 https://www.powayusd.com/en-US/Schools/HS/DNHS/Home https://www.dntalon.com/ dnthetalon@gmail.com School Population 2,168 students 192 full-time staff Font Families NYT Cheltenham (titles/body text) NYT Imperial (image credits/pull quotes) Misc. fonts (titles/pull quotes)

WORKS CITED Computer Hardware and Software Windows 10 Adobe Illustrator Adobe Photoshop Autodesk Sketchup ProCreate The positions expressed in any of the articles are solely those of the individual writer(s). They do not represent the viewpoints of The Talon, nor those of Del Norte High School or the Poway Unified School District.

Mission Statement The Talon is a student-run forum dedicated to providing relevant information to the Del Norte community through ethical, truthful, and professional journalism.

Scholastic Affliations The Talon is a proud member of the National Scholastic Press Association.

CONTRIBUTORS Staff Contributors Jeffrey Sheng (ʻ22) - Editor-in-Chief Rebecca Wei (ʻ22) - Editor-in-Chief Russell Kang (ʻ22) - Editor-in-Chief Rachel Wei (ʻ22) - Features Editor Alex Zakoor (ʻ22) - Local News Editor Shannon Zhu (ʻ22) - Global News Editor Nicole Pi (ʻ23) - Entertainment Editor Carolyn Espinosa (ʻ22) - Sports Editor Esther Jin (ʻ21) - Photography Editor Adian Rosen (ʻ22) - Web Editor Artists Allison Huang (ʻ22) Graphic Designers Nicole Pi (ʻ23) Iris Ding (ʻ22) Kevin Do (ʻ22) Rebecca Wei (ʻ22)

Advisor Ms. Melissa Darcey Writers Amanda Phillip (ʻ22) Anusri Thokachichu (ʻ22) Diya Anantharaman (ʻ22) Ellie Lee (ʻ24) Emilia Wightlin (ʻ23) Eva Crickard (ʻ23) Ida Mobini (ʻ22) Jason Marcaida (ʻ21) Lily Wu (ʻ24) Mateen Khosravan (ʻ22) Meghna Mohan (ʻ23) Mia Magdarog (ʻ22) Paris McClung (ʻ21) Risa Iwazaki (ʻ22) Russell Kang (ʻ22) Vivian Magahis (ʻ22) Logo by Nicole Pi (ʻ23) Talon Icon by Rebecca Wei (ʻ22)

“Movie Theaters and Streaming Services. Which One’s Better?”

Barnes, Brooks, and Nicole Sperling.

“Warner Bros. Says All 2021 Films Will Be Streamed Right Away.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 3 Dec. 2020, www.nytimes.com/2020/12/03/business/media/warner-brothers-movies-hbo-max.html?auth=login-google.

Mendelson, Scott. “'Mulan': Making Sense Of The Box Office And VOD Grosses.” Forbes, Forbes Magazine, 20 Sept.

2020, www.forbes.com/sites/scottmendelson/2020/09/20/mulan-making-sense-of-its-box-office-and-pvod-g rosses/?sh=103165e93d13.

“New Year. Same Pandemic. Different Strains.”

ABC News, ABC News Network, abcnews.go.com/Health/covid-19-mutations-spark-global-concerns/story?id=75252051.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/transmission/variant.html.

Ellyatt, Holly. “Coronavirus Mutations: Here Are the Major Covid Strains We Know About.” CNBC, CNBC, 14 Jan. 2021, www.cnbc.com/2021/01/12/covid-mutations-all-the-major-strains-we-know-about.html.

Gallagher, James. “New Coronavirus Variant: What Do We Know?” BBC News, BBC, 20 Dec. 2020, w w w.bbc.com/news/health-55388846.

Higgins-Dunn, Noah. “WHO Warns New Covid Variants Are 'Highly Problematic' and Could Further Stress Hospitals.” CNBC, CNBC, 11 Jan. 2021, www.cnbc.com/2021/01/11/who-warns-covid - v a r i a n t s - a r e - h i g h ly-problematic-could-stress-hospitals-. html.

Mandavilli, Apoorva. “The Coronavirus Is Mutating. What Does That Mean for Us?” The New York Times, The New York Times, 20 Dec. 2020, w w w . n y times.com/2020/12/20/health/coronavirus-britain-variant.html.

Meredith, Sam. “Japan Has Found a New Covid Variant. Here's How It Compares to Virus Strains in the UK, South Africa.” CNBC, CNBC, 11 Jan. 2021, www.cnbc.com/2021/01/11/japan-covid-variant-how-it-compares-to-strains-in-uk-south-africa.ht ml.

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“What Del Norte Students Think About the 78th Golden Globes Nominee” Bahiana, Ana Maria. “Nominations for the 78th Golden Globe Awards (2021) Announced.” Golden Globes, The Hollywood Foreign Press Association, 3 Feb. 2021, www.goldenglobes.com/articles/2021-nominat i o n s - 7 8 t h - g o l d en-globe-awards-have-been-announce d.

Whitten, Sarah. Golden Globes 2021: Female Directors Make History, Netflix Dominates Tv Nominations. 3

Feb. 2021, www.cnbc.com/2021/02/03/golde n - g l o b e - n o m i n a tions-for-the-78th-film-and-tv-awardsshow.html.

“Pandemic Curfews” “Hunger Could Kill Millions More than Covid-19, Warns Oxfam.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 9 July 2020, www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/jul / 0 9 / h u n ger-could-kill-millions-more-than-covi d-19-warns-oxfam.

Moss, Rachel. “Why The 10pm Curfew Could Be Doing More Harm Than Good.” HuffPost UK, HuffPost UK, 28 Sept. 2020, www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/10pm-curfew-rev i e w - s c i e n tists-warn_uk_5f719f26c5b64deddef0 5de0?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=a HR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNv bS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAH0 UCyW4cI3pKZZgXU1qcEbnCqMTfa w-hKTt7l744TV_Ms4EWAVvdiiQo3 KtlZckOPeq5tuKNqAJxbZCbD4i_76p Lkaoe4bpH7aXX600F2qVFSNNzrbu ZdeOvEXZ7MXyLH8zx-BSnXCi1TK Vj2cExrPPRvDVeL8SgTQO3NltfqnH .

O'Dowd, Peter, and Allison Hagan.

“COVID-19 Leaves Millions Hungry Around The World, With Women Disproportionately Affected.”

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Sacchetti, Maria. “Curfews Follow Days of Looting and Demonstrations.”

The Washington Post, WP Company, 2 June 2020, www.washingtonpost.com/national/curfews-foll o w - d a y s - o f - l o o t ing-and-demonstrations/2020/06/01 /6376e51e-a428-11ea-b473-04905b1a f82b_story.html.

“Growing Protests in India” Desk, India Today Web. “Explained: What Is MSP and Why Farmers Are Protesting over It?” India Today, India Today, 29 Sept. 2020, www.indiatoday.in/india/stor y/explained-what-is-msp-and-why-farmers -are-protesting-over-it-1726658-202009-29.

Hollingsworth, Julia. “India Cuts Internet around New Delhi as Protesting Farmers Clash with Police.” CNN, Cable News Network, 3 Feb. 2021, www.cnn.com/2021/02/01/asia/india-internet-cut-farmers-intl-hnk/index.html.

Perrigo, Billy. “India Farmer Protests: What to Know.” Time, Time, 8 Dec. 2020, time.com/5918967/india-farmer-protests/.

Singh, Karan Deep. “Twitter Blocks Accounts in India as Modi Pressures Social Media.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 10 Feb. 2021, www.nytimes.com/2021/02/10/technology/india-twitter.html.

Yeung, Jessie. “Farmers across India Have Been Protesting for Months.

Here's Why.” CNN, Cable News Network, 26 Mar. 2021, www.cnn.com/2021/02/10/asia/india-farmers-protest-explainer-intl-hnk-scli/index.html.