189
induced structures, 119, 138 through contractions, 10, 112 Fluid mechanics Newtonian, 3 non-Newtonian, 141, 149, 151 Fluid memory, 142, 143 Flush-mounted transducers, 65, 68, 70, 71 Foodstuffs, 3, 115 Forced oscillation testing, 53 Ford-cup viscometer, 26 Fonnulation principles, 142, 144 Four-roll mill, 96 Fracturing of polymers, 101 Frame indifference, 143 Free oscillation/vibration testing, 53 Free volume, 101 Functional analysis, 7, 148 Gap setting errors in viscometers, 31 Gap width, importance of, 14 Gasoline engines, lubrication in, 13 Gc rule, use of, 98 Gear teeth, flow between, 5 Gelatine, 104 Gels, yield stress in, 17, 105 General integral representation, 46, 48 Generalised Kelvin model, 43 Maxwell model, 43 Newtonian model, 149 Giesekus model, 155 Giesekus-Bird theories, 107, 108 Glass plate and rod suspensions, 125 processing of, 13 viscosity of, 11 Glass-fibre suspensions, 124, 125 Glass forming polymers, 101 Glass transition and free volume, 101 and latent-heat, 101 in liquid-state theories, 101 polymers in, 101 temperature of high density polyethylene, 101 low density polyethylene, 101 nylon-66, 101 polyethylene terephthalate, 101 polystyrene, 101 Glycerine, 2 (see also glycerol)
Glycerol, viscosity of, 11 Golden syrup, viscosity of, 11 Greases, 12, 20, 128 Green-Rivlin fluids, 150 GroWld gypsum suspensions, 125 Gum arabic, 137 Haake viscometer, 18 Hagenbach and Couette formula, 33 lIDPE, extensional viscosity of, 90 (see high-density polyethylene) Heat-sensitive polymers, 112 Heat-transfer pipe-flow in, 34 viscometers in, 14 Hencky strain defInition of, 82 largest used, 83 Hierarchy equations, 56, 151 model, 156 High Weissenberg-number problem, 156 High density polyethylene glass transition temperature of, 101 melt路processing temperature of, 101 melting point of, 101 Hole-pressure error, 33, 68, 70 Homogeneous stretching method for extensional viscosity, 83 Hooke model, 40, 162 Hooke's law, 3, 162 Hookean elastic response, 2, 3, 5, 6, 37, 39, 52 Hoop stress in rod-climbing, 60 HPBL equations, 71 Hydrodynamic forces, 116 lubrication, 113 resistance, 137 Ice cream, yield stress in, 17 Independent.alignment assumption, 109, 156 Indicial notation, 7 Industrial process modelling, 9 Industrial shop floor viscometers, 26 Inelastic non-Newtonian fluids, 24, 114, 149 defInition of, 55 Inert fillers, 137 Inertia in rheometry, 51