OK Summer by deersites.com

October / 2018 / Edition

Chris Ezell

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it Wh

etails of Oklahoma Table of Contents

Board of Directors PRESIDENT Mr. Chris Ezell Tulsa View Whitetails 7134 W. 420 Rd Chelsea, OK 74016 918-697-5389 chrisezell@rocketmail.com VICE PRESIDENT Mr. Donnie Rivers Bent Pine Ranch, LLC. 1495 SE 683 Road Locust Grove , OK 74352 918-864-3525 donnie@bentpineranch.com TREASURER Mr. Anthony Salyers Short Creek Whitetails 779 Blanco Rd. Mcalester, OK 74501 918-429-2382 anthonysalyers@att.net SECRATARY Mr. Tommy Gleason Deer Creek Whitetails HCR 74 Box 278 Hartshorme, OK 74547 918-424-5293 tomgleason6@yahoo.com DIRECTOR Mr. James Belk

Pepper Creek Whitetail Hunding & Lodge

15 River Ridge Rd. Broken Arrow, OK 74014 918-451-2060 jrbelk@cox.net DIRECTOR Mr. Skip West Circle ‘W’ Whitetails 54301 South 351 Road Maramec, OK 74045 918-671-8669 skip@circlewwhitetails.com

DIRECTOR Mr. Larry Armstrong Armstrong Whitetails 689 Whitetail Ridge Skiatook, OK 74070 918-639-6951 larry@armstrongwhitetails.com DIRECTOR Mr. Joel Trammell Diamond ‘T’ Whitetails 18808 Hunter Road Madill, OK 73446 580-677-0889 joel.atrammell@yahoo.com DIRECTOR Mr. Ben Pogany Pogany Ranch 20182 Indian Road Kellyville, OK 74039 918-247-6766 pogany5@yahoo.com

Advertising Rates “NEXT DEADLINE Nov. 30 ”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Dart Guns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Deer Hauling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Deer Wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 GMS Pro Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17, 19 Membership Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 NADeFA Convention “In Tulsa 2019 ” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Ohio’s Venison Market Destined to Grow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Planning for the new year. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Secretary’s Message: Tommy Gleason. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Weaning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Featured Farm Story: Chris Ezell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9 Advertisers Index Bowmans Xtreme Whitetail. . . . 41 C&E Wildlife Products . . . . . . . . 44 Cervid Solutions, LLC. . . . . . . . . 47 Chris Ezell. . . . Cover, 9 In.B.Cover Chupp Auction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Come-N-C Whitetails. . . . . . . . . 10 Conquest Deer Farm. . . . . . . . . . 20 Countryside Veterinary Services.37 Cross Canyon Whitetails. . . . . . . 49 Dan Inject Dart Gun . . . . . . . . . . 51 Deer Creek Whitetails. . . . . . . . . 22 Deers Not Beers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Deerstore.com. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Double T Whitetail Ranch . . . . . 29 Head Gear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Hilty Whitetails. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Honey Brook Whitetails. . . . . . . 36 Ink 82. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In.F. Cover Jug Waterers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Microchip ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Midwood Creek Farm. . . . . . . . . 12 Nutra-Glo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Pet-Ag, Inc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Pine Creek Chain Link . . . . . . . . 15 Pine Creek Deer Farm -. . . . . 32-33 Pneu-Dart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Prime Acres. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Purina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Rocky Ridge Whitetails. . . . . 14, 31 Rocky Top Whitetails. . . . . . . . . . . 5 Shock Effect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Statite 50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Stgenetics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Summit Supply, Inc . . . . . . . . 26-27 Tajada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Trophy Whitetail Deer. . . . . . . . . 24 UDFOM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Whitetail Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Whitetail Syndication . 28,43,45,48 Wilks Whitetails. . . . . . Back Cover

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Whitetails of Oklahoma C/O Anthony Salyers 779 Blanco Rd Mcalester, OK 74501

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Chris Ezell Propelling Deer Farming

hris Ezell has a message for those who need a stronger reason to support deer farming. Deer farming is a $7.9 billion a year industry. More than 56,000 people are employed from deer farming. Ezell, 41, President of Whitetails of Oklahoma, wants everyone to realize the impact of deer farming on the economy. He recently sold his farm, Tulsa View Whitetails, in order to devote as much time as possible to spread this message. Although not a suit-and-tie guy, he recently wore one to Washington D.C. During his visit there, he and 15 others representing NADeFA and other venues within the deer industry, met with lobbyists.

By: Gail Veley

other states gain the same support from their powers-that-be. “No industry is represented with as many delegates as the cervid industry,” Ezell said. His goals are firmly backed by his belief that deer farmers are committed to the prosperity of their land, and the health and well-being of all their deer.

causes such as the legal battle in Missouri and to CWD research. “We have built a lot of revenue and our association is doing a lot to help others, but we want to build even more. I believe we can do just that. I am fully committed to making that happen.”

Although he sold Tulsa View Whitetails, Ezell still owns Deer thriving on farms and multiple deer in various states preserves enjoy a quality of and still resides on the property life unmatched by any other formerly known as Tulsa View. wildlife species. Perhaps as well, However, the farm is now owned children raised on a farm with the by Braden Wright of the Wright responsibilities to care for farm Genetics Company. “His passion animals learn the value of hard for the industry will make him work, the love of nature and of a powerhouse,” Ezell said. “With the environment. These values his breeding operation he will may become passed down to continue to produce the legends “We went to make our presence future generations. Many new we have seen in the past.” Ezell still known and to allow others to deer farms are starting up in plans to remain involved in the learn more about deer farmers Oklahoma. Seeing this trend industry that he loves not just as and the deer industry,” Ezell said. begin to take shape, Ezell wants a deer owner, but as a consultant, “We know how important this was to build the state deer farming broker and a mentor. to deer farmers across the country, association, WOO, bigger than who are doing this to make a ever before. “We have the best living.” His ultimate goal is to laws and regulations,” he said. “We Chris Ezell build deer farming up to another want to bring more people on 918-697-5389 level. Although Oklahoma is board.” chrisezell@rocketmail.com perhaps the best state for deer Because of the state support and farming, Ezell wants to make sure prosperity that WOO currently it continues to improve and that enjoys, they donate funds to other

Cover: Featured 8

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Deer Hauling– Insight from Experience By: Gail Veley

The phone of a deer hauler has probably begun to do what they all do every year at this time. Ring off the hook. With November approaching, the busiest time of the year for hauling deer, it’s no surprise. Experience with deer is key to successful hauling, knowing how to “read” them and how to safely execute a well thought out loading plan. Lord willing, deer are picked up and arrive at their destination uninjured. Along that journey a good driver will safely navigate the road, perhaps preferring to travel at night when traffic is lighter and the air is cooler. The best trip is a less eventful one, avoiding the loud revving of a motorcycle or the pressure release from semi brakes, if at all possible. Often times, horse trailers are converted to deer trailers, walling off the sides and leaving only two open inches at the top for proper ventilation. Specialized trailers built specifically for deer are also used and can hold several deer. Deer travel more stress-free if stimulus is kept to a minimum. “If the deer only hear the sound but don’t see where it’s coming from they won’t react so much over it,” said Weldon Miller, who has spent the last five years hauling deer professionally. As with all deer haulers, he strives to make timely deliveries, and ensures he has the best most reliable pickup trucks and trailers available for his job. Preparing for each road trip includes putting dry shavings and alfalfa hay inside of the trailer. In lieu of water buckets, which often times simply spill and create more mess inside the trailer, apples are also thrown in to ensure the deer have adequate moisture. “I did a Missouri load and it was 95 degrees,” Miller said. “In that case I use a big syringe and spray it on their nose for water intake.” Vitamin B12 shots can also be a great asset in keeping deer calmer while ensuring their appetite and moisture intake remains hearty. Haulers like Miller are also mindful of meeting every rule and regulation necessary in the state they travel to, including Kentucky where a veterinarian is required to

be present when deer are loaded, followed by placing a sealed zip tie on the trailer door. Upon delivery the seal is removed by yet another veterinarian required for the unloading process. This keeps haulers honest and is more or less a guarantee that buyers are getting their expected deer. “Every deer hauler should make sure they know what the rules are,“ Miller said. “There’s no slipping and sliding. Go by the book.” In states with closed borders deer can be hauled within the state, but not taken out. In other states deer can be both brought in and taken out, depending on current state statutes for doing so. Loading deer can be as quick as five minutes under the best of circumstances or take as long as several hours. Live-loading is usually preferred over darting, but deer haulers try to do their best to accommodate their customer’s needs. Farmers with proper loading chutes provide the safest means for loading deer. Although it may not be his preference, Miller has helped load deer and has almost gone to the hospital from loading incidents gone bad. “Most farmers have really nice places and clean pens,” he said. “But a few of these places need higher safety practices. Once this farmer wanted to live-load. He didn’t have a solid structure for me to back into. He had a chute made out of plywood. I was holding the plywood when a buck got his tine stuck and the whole thing fell over. Then it was just me and him looking at each other. He knew his only way out of there was through me. I immediately dropped and he jumped over me.” Any deer hauler would understandably want to avoid this scenario at all costs, while preferring to make the trip for them and the deer the best it can possibly be. Very drawn to this profession, Miller has a word of advice for anyone contemplating becoming a deer hauler. “Deer hauling isn’t for everyone,” Miller emphasized. “You are on the road long hours and it wouldn’t potentially be a good job for those who participate in a great deal of family activity.”

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Pen Inventory - This is a report of all active animals in your customized pens and can be useful for state reporting, and to analyze herd structure. Fawning - This report includes all fawns born to each damn in your herd inventory, providing a great way to view animal productivity and fawning rate. Medication Inventory Report- This report shows all medication records within a custom date range for any or all medication categories. The report includes animal name, amount used, administered by, animal weight, and comments. It is helpful for managing and documenting your program of vaccines, vitamins, and overall herd health. Feed Stations – In GMS PRO, you have the option to document the feed type, feeder type, amount filled, feed cost, and location of feeder. Then, you can view a report of all feed events by location. This is helpful to document and monitor feed type/amount changes and success throughout your fawning and growing seasons. Animal Search - Animal search allows you to apply filters and date ranges to create custom reports. The following are a few ways you can search your entire animal database. o Pen o Group o Sire or Dam o Breeder o Birth or Removed date o Removal Cause o Purchased From Semen Search – Create a date ranged custom search of all semen straw inventories by the following. o Status o Parentage o Location o Bred With o Sold To/Purchased From 17

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entire inventory by male or female animal and specify an AI date range. 

AI History – This AI history search report is within the AI Records module. You can search your inventory by maleanimal or female animalinand specify an AI date range. Animalentire Reports – individual profiles Herd Inventory

Animal Reports – individual animal profiles in Herd Inventory 

Fawn Feeding Report – Historical report of feed date, cycle, product, amount, and custom notes.  Pen Report – This report includes all pen movement history for the specified animal. This is  Fawn Feeding Report – Historical report of feed date, cycle, product, amount, and custom helpful to determine exposure or parentage. notes.  Semen Straw list – View active and/or past semen straws within Semen module of the animal  Pen Report – This report includes all pen movement history for the specified animal. This is profile. The summary includes filled, purchased, sold, AI, and split details for each straw. helpful to determine exposure or parentage.  Medication - This report shows all medication history in the specific animal’s profile. The report  Semen Straw list – View active and/or past semen straws within Semen module of the animal includes animal name, amount used, administered by, animal weight, and comments. It is profile. The summary includes filled, purchased, sold, AI, and split details for each straw. helpful for managing your program of vaccines, vitamins, and overall herd health.  Medication - This report shows all medication history in the specific animal’s profile. The report  Fawning - This report includes all fawns born to the profile animal, including helpful calculations includes animal name, amount used, administered by, animal weight, and comments. It is such as Days Since Last Birth and Days Between Fawns. helpful for managing your program of vaccines, vitamins, and overall herd health.  Horn Growth report – An unlimited number of dated photos and corresponding scores can be  Fawning - This report includes all fawns born to the profile animal, including helpful calculations added to an animal profile, providing data to display horn growth rate. such as Days Since Last Birth and Days Between Fawns.  data Horn integrity Growth report – An unlimited Your is important to number us. of dated photos and corresponding scores can be added to an animal profile, providing data to display horn growth rate. If you have GMS Software installed locally, it easy to create backups of your herd data. In the case of Your datacrashes, integrity is important us. steps will have GMS operating as soon as possible with computer our easy reinstall andto restore your backup database file. Using an online backup resource, such as Carbonite, is advised and will If you have GMS Software installed locally, it easy to create backups of your herd data. In the case of further insure the integrity of your data. (Note: always verify your back up software is including your computer crashes, our easy reinstall and restore steps will have GMS operating as soon as possible with GMS files’ location.) As with any modern software, updating and maintaining the latest software release your backup database file. Using an online backup resource, such as Carbonite, is advised and will ensures that your software will continue to be compatible with your pc or other device’s operating further insure the integrity of your data. (Note: always verify your back up software is including your system and you will continue to have access to your data. GMS files’ location.) As with any modern software, updating and maintaining the latest software release ensures that available your software will continue to be service compatible your pc otherversion device’s GMS is also via a third-party hosting that with maintains theorlatest ofoperating GMS and system and you will continue to have access to your data. allows unlimited backups of your database. GMS is alsoGMS available via a third-party Current software ownershosting – ROIservice that maintains the latest version of GMS and allows unlimited backups of your database. Current GMS software owners, let us guide you to see a return on investment in GMS. Please contact us Current software – ROI or setup tasks. We will be happy to work with you via if you haveGMS any issues duringowners your installation email, phone, text, screen-sharing, or whichever means is most convenient for you. We regularly assist Current GMS software owners, let us guide you to see a return on investment in GMS. Please contact us users with all types of requests pertaining to installation and use of GMS and can schedule a meeting if you have any issues during your installation or setup tasks. We will be happy to work with you via during your availability. email, phone, text, screen-sharing, or whichever means is most convenient for you. We regularly assist We love the number one software product for we sincerely request your users withfeedback. all types As of requests pertaining to installation anddeer usefarmers, of GMS and can schedule a meeting feedback suggestions regarding the GMS program. Please help us help you succeed with your during youroravailability. investment. Contact Marci : info@nadefa.org for more information and how to purchase the software or call: 330-454-3944 19

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SECRETARY'S MESSAGE Hello friends. This has been a busy year at Deer Creek Whitetails. We went from one breeder buck to three breeder bucks and have doubled our pen numbers. The stocker market was great this year and from what I’ve heard all stockers were sold at a good price. Hopefully this keeps up and we all do well in the future. I’ve heard of lots of changes up north and in Missouri. This will affect us in lots of ways but all we can do is hold our head up and wish these guys good luck with their future at this point. There have been lots of new deer farmers and several new preserves going up this year which is a plus for all of us deer farmers.

Our board has been working hard to build WOO and there are exciting changes coming in the near future. Chris and Skip have been on the front lines working with other states to help the deer industry. We will have a calendar this year. Thanks to everyone who supported it. There are a lot of good things happening!

Good luck to everyone this breeding season and if I can help in any way feel free to call. Sincerely,

Tommy Gleason WOO Secretary

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Ohio’s Venison Market Destined to Grow By: Gail Veley

Terry Klick has a message he’d like to share with every grocery store or entity that sells meat: Privately owned deer can be legally bought and harvested for their venison. Ever more in demand these days, venison is lower in overall fat content and cholesterol. It’s a healthy, tasty alternative to other meats such as ground beef and steak from cattle farms.

“Rules and regulations allowing us to meet the demand for venison through our private deer herds are in place,” Klick said. “However, until now we have not had the abundance of deer to take advantage of them. We hope through educating the public about the differences between wild and domestic herds that we will begin to utilize our ability on a regular basis.”

Klick, executive director for Whitetail Deer Farmers of Ohio (WDFO), feels it is worth the time and effort for all types of grocery chains to consider offering venison. “Some of them are already offering elk and rabbit and other products, why not deer?” Klick said. “More often than not I’ve run into people telling me they can’t legally buy venison. If it’s privately-owned deer, you can.”

Klick, an outdoor and deer enthusiast, maintained a deer farm in Navarre, Ohio for years that today is operated by his son. Klick still assists him with the farm when necessary and has had extensive experience working in state and federal butcher facilities. He understands the intricacies involved in providing quality, accessible products to both large and small markets.

WDFO, with it’s approximate 215 members, promotes the highest ethical standards in the care, handling and harvesting of whitetail deer. They serve as a collective voice in government issues that affect deer producers, in an effort to enhance the whitetail deer industry. They believe an enhanced venison market and an increased ability to process excess or older deer, would allow more venues to acquire venison. Through the WDFO, venison has been supplied to the Hunger Task Force in the Holmes and Wayne County areas as well as to local health food stores. In addition, various Ohio restaurants have acquired venison to offer on a “Daily Special” basis. However, the venison supply is understandably having trouble keeping up with the demand. For this reason, marketing to large grocery stores chains such as Kroger or Big Bear has been prohibitive up to this point, Klick, 62, explained. Grateful that Ohio is a deer-friendly state and the WDFO has a good working relationship with the Ohio Department of Agriculture and the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Klick hopes to establish an end-market for excess deer in order to always have an adequate sought-after supply.

“Our industry needs to continue to be concerned about the overall health of deer in the State of Ohio,” Klick said. “We should work together to increase our end-market that allows all interested parties to benefit from consuming venison. By working not individually but together and promoting our cause, we will all be better off for it.” Terry Klick: wdfoklick@gmail.com 330/685-1381

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Planning For The New Year: A New Opportunity To Provide Nutrition During The Winter And Spring To Meet Your Deer Herd’s Genetic Potential Michael L. Schlegel, PhD, PAS, Dipl. ACAS-Nutrition

Sr. Nutritionist, Wildlife and Small Ruminant Technical Innovation The deer herd is making it through the winter. If you have been feeding them a wellbalanced diet since the rut, great, the deer are regaining or maintaining their body condition and last year’s fawns are growing. If you have not been feeding your deer, it is never too late to provide nutritional support to your deer to help them meet their genetic potential. As bucks enter the new year, they may need to continue gaining body weight and body condition lost during the rut, therefore supplemental feeding needs to be continued. As bucks cast their antlers, antler growth starts slowly the first month and accelerates the next two months (Price et al., 2005). The buck’s energy requirement increases 8-16% due to antler growth (Moen and Pastor, 1998). When nutritional resources are available, bucks are able to allocate the extra nutrients to antler production (Demarais and Strickland, 2011). Therefore, when winter food resources become limited, supplemental feeding allows bucks to continue to put energy and nutrients into antler growth. Does bred in the fall and pregnant have a minimal increase in energy and nutrient requirements during the first and second trimester. The fetus grows over 350% during the last trimester of pregnancy (Armstrong, 1950), also called gestation. A doe with twins will have an energy and protein requirement increase of 176% and 201% over early gestation, respectively (NRC, 2007). If the doe is carrying triplets or quads, the energy and protein requirements further increase. While the last third of gestation often coincides with spring green up, if the doe is bred early, the last third of gestation could occur in the winter when food resources are more limited and supplemental feeding would be beneficial. Does that receive supplemental feeding as part of their deer management program potentially have generational impact to allow future doe and buck fawns to express a greater percentage off their genetic potential (Monteith et al., 2009; Michel et al., 2016). Additionally, Verme and Ullrey (1984) noted

a relationship between maternal nutrition and neonatal mortality. Does on a high plane of nutrition had lower fawning losses and heavier fawns than does on a lower plane of nutrition. Fawns like adult deer decrease their metabolism overwinter to help survive the nutritional stress they may encounter. During normal winters, the native forages provide enough nutrients for the fawns to survive. If winters are extended, and the deer’s metabolism increases, supplemental feeding will help the fawns survive the winter until spring arrives (Verme and Ullrey, 1984). Also, doe fawns that may have been bred in the fall need additional nutrients not only for gestation, but to continue to grow themselves. Year-round supplemental feeding is a vital component of deer management. In each season the deer’s nutritional needs change and their environment is never consistent. Supplemental feeding in late winter and early spring helps the bucks start the process of antler growth, supports doe reproduction and fawn growth.

Literature Cited Armstrong, R.A. 1950. Fetal development of the northern whitetailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus borealis Miller). The American Midland Naturalist. 43:650-666. Demarais, S. and B.K. Strickland. 2011. Antlers. In: D.G. Hewitt, editor, Biology and Management of White-tailed deer, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL. p. 107-145. Michel, E.S., E.B Flinn, S. Demarais, B.K. Strkckland, G. Wang, and C.M. Dacus. 2016. Improved nutrition cues switch from efficiency to luxury phenotypes for a long-lived ungulate. Ecology and Evolution. 6:7276-7285. Moen, R. and J. Pastor. 1998. Simulating antler growth and energy, nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus

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metabolism in caribou. Rangifer. Special Issue No. 10:85-97. Montieth, K.L. L.E. Schmitz, J.A. Jenks, J.A. Delger, and R.T. Bowyer. 2009. Growth of male white-tailed deer: Consequences of maternal effects. Journal of Mammalogy. 90:651-660. [NRC] National Research Council. 2007. Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. Price, J.S., S. Allen, C. Faucheux, T. Althnaian, and J.G. Mount. 2005. Deer antlers: A zoological curiosity or the key to understanding organ regeneration in mammals? Journal of Anatomy. 207:603-618. Verme, L.J. and D.E. Ullrey. 1984. Physiology and Nutrition. In: L.K Halls, editor, White-tailed Deer Ecology and Management, Stackpole Books, Harrisburg, PA. p. 91-118.

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Chronic wasting disease could spread faster than expected 38 John Enge, MPR News, Bemidji ·Aug 16, 2018

Back in March, field biologists caught and collared 109 deer. They’ve been tracking them ever since, trying to get a sense of where and how quickly chronic wasting disease could spread.

The findings are still preliminary at this point, but so far, head researcher Christopher Jennelle said slowing the spread of the disease might be more complicated than biologists thought. “One of our female animals has traveled approximately 80 miles,” he said. “That really blew our minds.” Since the fall of 2016, 17 cases of chronic wasting disease have been found in the wild deer population of southeastern Minnesota. There’s no cure and no vaccine, although teams of scientists are working on it. Right now, CWD is 100 percent fatal. The disease has spread rapidly in other states. In parts of Wisconsin, an estimated 40 to 50 percent of deer are infected. And that happened in a very short time. In 1999, the first year the Wisconsin DNR began monitoring the disease, just 3 animals tested positive. By 2017, that number had climbed to 600.

range, or if they want to disperse from it, and establish a new adult range, elsewhere.”

He hoped that since southeastern Minnesota is such a lush habitat for deer, they wouldn’t feel the need to spread out, thus isolating the disease in one, more easily managed location. But that doesn’t seem to be the case. More young deer than expected choose to disperse, and they’re dispersing farther. Jennelle brought up one young doe that walked all the way from Forestville State Park, to Cannon Falls, at least 77 miles. Most deer didn’t go that far, but they did go farther than researchers hoped. “What does that mean for CWD?” he said. “Well, it doesn’t bode well. I’ll put it that way.” Another surprise, Jennelle said, is which deer are traveling. Up until this point, efforts

to slow the disease tended to focus on mature bucks, which are the most likely carriers of CWD.

“We totally expected our juvenile males to be our movers and shakers here,” he said. But in this study, does on average traveled twice as far as bucks. So if one is infected, it could spread the disease over a much larger range. Jennelle pointed out that the sample sizes are still too small to draw sweeping conclusions. And there are a lot of things researchers still don’t know about CWD. Infected deer might behave differently than the healthy ones in Jennelle’s study. They could, he said, feel sick and rundown, and decide to stay in their birth range. The study will provide better data over the next few years.

If the same thing happens in Minnesota’s deer herds, the effects could be dramatic. The point of this study is to understand how infected deer could potentially move on the landscape. “When deer reach the first year of life,” Jennelle said, “they have to make a decision. Whether they want to remain in their birth

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Weaning

HOW ONE SIMPLE TRICK CAN CHANGE EVERYTHING, “PRE-WEANING” By: Josh Newton

Weaning is a time of year that can increase stress levels in your fawns causing morbidity and mortality in severe cases. This can be costly long term as your fawn inventory plays a significant role in future breeding options as well as consistent revenue streams. Traditionally whitetail deer producers wean fawns between the ages of 3-4 months. This is a good time to handle animals as the weather (temperature) is changing in the northern regions of the country and the breeding season is right around the corner. During this time period does are physically limiting the amount of milk to their offspring and the fawns themselves have increased their consumption of grain and forage. They no longer need any milk from the doe to survive or flourish. When we think of weaning in mother raised animals, conventional practices have always taught us to “pull” or physically separate fawns from their mothers and move them to separate pastures. This has been a long-standing practice for many farmers. At this time of weaning, vaccines, vitamins, minerals, pastes, antibiotics, wormers

etc. have and can be administered. While I do not oppose this method, I have experienced a better way.. As I mentioned earlier, stress levels increase greatly at this physical weaning time when animals are taken from their mothers and placed in separate pastures. Many of these fawns are being handled for the first time outside of the initial protocols from birth. To more effectively manage this stress and potential onset of bacterial infection, I would strongly recommend that you consider the method of handling fawns 3 weeks prior to traditional weaning and implementing preventative medicine programs at this time. . In other words give all vaccine shots to your fawns three weeks prior to your physical separation. By doing this we are preparing the fawns for the stresses of weaning. As mentioned previously, the physical separation of weaning creates stress. We know that stress suppresses immune responses and consequently will suppress the fawn’s ability to maximally respond to vaccine. When we vaccinate 3 weeks prior to weaning, we are priming the immune system so that the fawns can optimally respond to the booster vaccination at the time of weaning approximately 3 weeks later. This approach enables the fawn to develop a foundation of immunity that should be protective for 6 months to 1 year when applied with other management techniques. It has been thought that many bacterial problems start in the gut and then transfer into the body during stressful periods when immune system is suppressed. It is common for weaned fawns to reduce their intake of feed during the days following weaning. These are the conditions that can sometimes facilitate bacterial transfer. If we can have an immune system response on board through vaccination prior to physical weaning, it is logical to assume the problems associated with weaning can be reduced greatly. Probiotic regimens can be implemented prior to weaning that provide beneficial bacteria loads that promote rumen health and help to reduce this risk in conjunction with vaccination. . For additional resources regarding vaccines and vaccine protocols visit www.cervidsolutions.com

Dart Guns Providing Safe Ways to Handle, Relocate Animals By: Gail Veley

Mike Ross rises early in the morning with one thought on his mind – what his day will entail doing wildlife capture. The 47-year-old helicopter pilot and wildlife capture expert eagerly climbs into the cockpit of his transportation for the day, ensuring all necessary equipment is in place. Because in practically no time at all, his focus will shift to aiming a CO2 powered dart gun into the hind end of the wildlife he’s tracking. Aiming with complete precision every time, Ross has caught almost every animal species you could think of whether it be elk in Utah, whitetails in Texas, giraffes in Africa or other species located elsewhere.

Perhaps another advantage is that Daninject Dart Guns uses a CO2 operated system that is extremely quiet, enabling an operator to make short, low impact shots at close quarters. With a quick adjustment of air pressure, longer shots up to 60 yards away or further can be made as well. “I have used this equipment during the heat of an African day and during cold frosty African nights with no difference or problems whatsoever,” Ross said. Results of his work have allowed wildlife professionals to track migration routes, relocate, tag or collar animals, draw blood for scientific research and other projects.

Don’t think Ross hasn’t been compared to the Crocodile Hunter, given his 22-plus years of experience in wildlife capture. After all of his years in the field, he knows there’s one effective way to tranquilize animals for this delicate job – using dart guns. When it comes to safe and effective ways to anesthetize, tranquilize, medicate, vaccinate, biopsy or relocate animals, dart guns offer some of the best, most humane methods for handling all types of animals. This has undoubtedly made the life of deer farmers and others who deal with exotic animals much easier.

Originally from South Africa, Ross now calls the U.S. his home away from home and maintains a distribution office in Austin, Texas. Office Manager Mary Helen Renteria oversees every day-to-day business detail. Renteria, a Spanish speaking animal lover, educates potential buyers as to the benefits of using darts. All of their products are CO2 powered, not regulated by federal law and are shipped directly to you. They are extremely accurate, the most humane dart guns currently manufactured and are versatile, low-impact and virtually silent.

“Darts are easy to use, durable, comfortable to carry in the field and very effective out of the helicopter,” Ross said. Additionally, clients who may experience difficulty using their products can call him for advice. “They can say to me ‘I’m having this problem’ and I know exactly what they are talking about and how to fix it. Our clients are Number One. We are excellent at getting issues resolved,” he said. That alone may be one the of biggest advantages Daninject Dart Guns has – an expert and consultant who uses it day in and day out in the field.

“It’s a reusable dart. If you maintain it properly, you can use it over and over again up to 30 or 40 times or even longer,” Renteria said. “The air system releases drugs slowly and makes it a more humane dart, so there is less harm to the animal. This puts much less stress on an animal you are darting, a very important factor to deer farmers. I believe dart guns are some of the best tools when it comes to immobilization equipment.” Daninject Dart Guns is a member of The Texas Deer Association, a commercial member of The Association of Zoos and Aquariums, NADeFA and The National Animal Control Association.

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