MEMO To: Faculty and Staff From: Jayaa Singh, Director Date: September 30, 2020 Subject: Annual notification of DBI's Drug Awareness and Prevention Program, Campus Security Report and Emergency Evacuation Plan Attached please find the annual supplement of our Drug Awareness and Prevention Program, Campus Security Report and Emergency Evacuation Plan. The U.S. Department of Education requires schools participating in federal financial aid to provide this information to their employees on an annual basis. If you have any questions, please contact the Director’s office. 734-479-0660
DETROIT BUSINESS INSTITUTEDOWNRIVER
2020-2021 CONSUMER INFORMATION SUPPLEMENT
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Detroit Business Institute-Downriver Consumer Information Supplement TABLE OF CONTENTS Student Outcomes CAMPUS CRIME AND SECURITY INFORMATION EMERGENCY ACTION, EVACUATION, LOCK DOWN AND FIRE PREVENTION PLAN COST OF ATTENDANCE VOTER REGISTRATION
Additional consumer information may be viewed on the school’s website at www.dbidownriver.edu.
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Student Outcomes Practical Nurse Program The following statistics reflect the students outcomes reported in the Annual Report submitted to our accrediting agency ACCSC for the past two years. The statistics for the 2020 reporting year are based on the students starting classes between October 2017 and September 2018 and for the 2019 reporting year are based on students starting classes between October 2016 and September 2017.
Graduation Rates Reporting Number of students who began Year the program 2020 2019
52 45
Number of students graduating within 150% of the program length 43 40
Graduation Rate 83% 89%
Employment Rates Reporting Year 2020 2019
Number of graduates completing the program within 150% of the program length 43 40
Number of waivers (1) 1
Number of graduates available for placement 43 39
Number employed in field
Employment Rate
37 30
86% 77%
NCLEX - PN License Examination Pass Rates Reporting Year 2020 2019
Number of graduates taking exam 43 40
Number who passed exam 36 33
Number who failed exam 7 7
Pass Rate 84% 83%
1(1)
Waivers include: continuing education, death, incarceration, active military deployment, medical condition that prevents employment and international students who have returned to their country of origin.
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INFORMATION ON COMPLETION/GRADUATION RATES The completion rate, also known as the “Student Right-to-Know” graduation rate, tracks students who graduated within 150% of the normal time it takes to complete a program. Not all students are included in this calculation; only full-time, first-time students who started in the 2017-2018 cohort year are included in this calculation. It does not include students who previously attended another post-secondary institution prior to enrolling at DBI-Downriver. The graduation rate for full-time, first-time students entering during the cohort year 9/1/17 through 8/31/18 and complete the program within 150% of the normal time it takes to complete a program is 75%. The three-year graduation rate is approx 86%% for full-time, first-time students entering in the cohort years 2015 through 2018.
DETROIT BUSINESS INSTITUTE-DOWNRIVER CAMPUS CRIME AND SECURITY INFORMATION In accordance with the guidelines set forth by the Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act (Clery Act), all institutions that participate in Federal Student Financial Aid programs are required to maintain and disclose information about crime on or near their campuses. Detroit Business Institute-Downriver (DBI-Downriver) has designated the School Director as the Campus Security Authority. Reporting crimes is on a voluntary, confidential basis. In order to ensure a safe environment, the institution encourages students and employees to report all police incidents, security or safety concerns to the School Director. The School Director is responsible to document the incident and report any crimes to local law enforcement agencies as required by law. All crimes committed on the campus by students, faculty or staff, may result in immediate dismissal. The following crimes committed on the DBI-campus or within surrounding and adjacent areas will be reported to law enforcement agencies. Criminal Offenses Murder/Non-negligent manslaughter Negligent manslaughter Sex offenses - forcible Rape Fondling Sex offenses – non-forcible Incest Statutory rape Robbery DBI -D
Hate Crimes Murder/Non-negligent manslaughter Rape Fondling Incest Statutory rape Robbery Aggravated assault Burglary Motor vehicle theft
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Aggravated assault Burglary Motor vehicle theft Arson
Arson Simple assault Larceny-theft Intimidation Destruction/damage/vandalism of prop.
VAWA offenses Domestic violence Dating violence Stalking
Arrests Weapons: carrying, possession, etc. Drug abuse violations Liquor law violations
Referrals for disciplinary actions Weapons: carrying, possession, etc. Liquor law violations Drug abuse violations Notification of the availability of the School’s Annual Campus Security report is made annually by October 1st to employees and enrolled students, prospective students and employers upon request, new enrolled students as part of the new student orientation. SECURITY & ACCESS TO CAMPUS FACILITIES The institution is a commuter school and does not maintain off-campus facilities or student housing. The campus limits access to the facility to authorized personnel, enrolled students and visitors. Unauthorized visitors are not permitted on the campus. Students do not have access to the facility unless, at a minimum, one staff person is available on-site during the specific hours of operation. The responsibility of campus security then rests with the staff person, who is authorized to conduct the opening and closing procedures for the school. DBI-Downriver maintains a relationship with local police through collection of annual crime statistics and normal communications. The school’s safety procedures are enhanced by regular police patrols at the campus location and by a high level of police rapidity to requests for community assistance. CRIME AWARENESS AND PREVENTION All new employees and students are instructed on crime awareness during orientation, including a description of procedures for reporting criminal activity or an emergency. The information on crime awareness is readily available upon request and is updated and redistributed to all existing students and staff on an annual basis. Students are required to follow security guidelines for their own personal and property safety and are encouraged to report any suspicious activity. Students performing externship or clinical practice off-campus are expected to practice an extension of the school’s safety guidelines at the site as if they were on-campus. Students are also subject DBI -D
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to adhere to the site’s safety and security guidelines.
CRIME INCIDENT REPORT The campus maintains a Daily Crime Log that records the date and time any crime occurs on campus. The School Director is responsible to make an entry into the Daily Crime Log within two business days of receiving the reported crime information. Only a law enforcement agency can make the determination that a reported crime did not occur. In such situations, the disposition is noted as “unfounded” and an addition to the entry will be made. The Daily Crime Log includes the following information: ● ● ● ● ● ●
Date the entry was completed Incident report date Date/time of crime General location of the crime Nature of the crime/complaint Disposition of the complaint, if available
The above information may be withheld if there is evidence that the release of the information would: ● ● ●
Jeopardize an ongoing investigation or safety of an individual Cause a suspect to flee or evade detection Result in destruction of evidence
The Daily Crime Log is open to public inspection during normal business hours for the most recent 60-day period. Any portion of the log prior to 60-days must be made available within two business days of a request for public inspection. REPORTING CRIMES 1. Students and employees should promptly report criminal acts to the School Director and/or local police departments. 2. Reporting crimes is on a voluntary, confidential basis. 3. The School Director is responsible to document any criminal acts, as well as reporting crimes to the local authorities as required by law. 4. The institution is required to make a timely warning to members of the campus regarding the occurrence of crimes that are considered to represent a threat to students and employees. 5. If there is an ongoing investigation of a crime that would jeopardize, cause the suspect to flee, risk the safety of the individual, or result in destruction of evidence, the timely warning may be delayed.
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6. The crime statistics are collected by the institution and submitted to the Department of Education on an annual basis. DETROIT BUSINESS INSTITUTE-DOWNRIVER
SEXUAL OFFENSE POLICY DBI-Downriver has developed a program on sexual assault awareness to prevent the occurrence of sexual crimes. This information is provided to new students during orientation and to all employees at the time of hire. The institution promotes safety as a core of the program and strictly prohibits incidents of dating violence, domestic violence, sexual offenses and stalking. The program also focuses on the topic of “consent� as it relates to sexual activity and includes a variety of options for stepping up to stop sexual assault through bystander intervention. The institution maintains a variety of information for students and employees that identifies the location of facilities that offer off-campus assault prevention programs and treatment centers for victims of sexual assault. First Step, 44567 Pinetree Drive, Plymouth, MI First Step, 4400 Venoy, Wayne, MI 24 Hour Help Line (734) 722-6800 or (888) 453-5900 Haven, P.O. Box 431045 Pontiac, MI Telephone: (248) 334-1274 or Toll Free (877) 922-1274 Turning Point Inc.,158 S. Main Street, Mt. Clemens, MI (586) 463-4430 Telephone: (586) 463-4430 I. Sex Offenders The Campus Sex Crimes Prevention Act requires schools to disclose to its students the location of sex registries. Students at DBI-Downriver may access the State of Michigan Public Sex Offender Registry web site at www.mipsor.state.mi.us or telephone (517) 2411806. The act also requires registered sex offenders to provide a notice to any campus or higher education in which the offender is employed, carries on a vocation or is a student. II. Sex Offenses If a sex offense occurs, the victim should immediately contact the School Director. Students have the option to report rape or sex offenses to law enforcement. The School Director will assist the student in reporting the offense, should the student select to do so. Students who report dating violence, domestic violence, sexual assault or stalking to the institution, will be provided with a written explanation of their rights and options, regardless of whether the offense occurred on campus. They will also receive a written notification for counseling, health, mental health, victim advocacy, legal assistance, visa immigration assistance, student financial aid, and other services available within the 7 DBI -D Consumer Information Supplement -Employees Rev. September 2020
institution or in the community. The institution will revise an academic schedule for a student as a protective measure, provided a reasonable change can be implemented. In the event of an accusation of a sex offense, the complainant will provide a written complaint to the School Director within two days of the alleged offense. The School Director may select to meet with complainant to hear his/her account of the incident. A formal investigation may be initiated at which time the accused will meet with the School Director and submit a written statement (generally provided within five business days) in response to the allegations. A determination will be made whether or not to proceed with an internal disciplinary proceeding, based on sufficient information to believe sexual misconduct may have occurred. Both parties are entitled to have one individual accompany them during the disciplinary proceeding. Both parties are given timely and equal access to information that will be utilized within informal or formal disciplinary meetings and hearings. II. Disciplinary Proceedings The Higher Education Opportunity Act (HEOA) requires schools to disclose, upon request to the victim of a crime of violence or a non-forcible sex offense, the written results of any disciplinary hearing related to the offense conducted by the campus against the student who is the alleged perpetrator of the crime or offense. The results of an institutional disciplinary hearing determine whether a student or employee committing an allegation of dating violence, domestic violence, sexual assault or stalking, will be subject to disciplinary action imposed by the school. The sanctions imposed may include attendance at a mandatory counseling treatment center, discharge from employment or expulsion from school.
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DETROIT BUSINESS INSTITUTE-DOWNRIVER CAMPUS SECURITY STATISTICAL REPORT Murder/Non-negligent manslaughter Negligent manslaughter Rape Fondling Incest Statutory Rape Robbery Aggravated assault Burglary Motor vehicle theft Arson
2017
2018
2019
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
HATE CRIMES Murder/Non-negligent manslaughter Rape Fondling Incest Statutory Rape Robbery Aggravated assault Burglary Motor vehicle theft Arson Simple assault Larceny-theft Intimidation Destruction/damage/vandal ism of property
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2017
2018
2019
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
0
0
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ARRESTS 2017
2018
2019
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
Weapons: carrying, possessing, etc. Drug abuse violations Liquor law violations
DISCIPLINARY ACTIONS 2017
2018
2019
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
Weapons: carrying, possessing, etc. Drug abuse violations Liquor law violations
INCIDENTS REPORTED Domestic violence Dating violence Stalking
2017 0 0 0
2018 0 0 0
2019 0 0 0
UNFOUNDED CRIMES 2017 0
2018 0
2019 0
(2019 is draft data to be submitted in Nov 20) Title IX coordinator for the 2019 Campus Safety and Security Survey: Jayaa Singh, Director, jsingh@dbidownriver.edu (734) 479-0660 ext. 12
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EMERGENCY ACTION, EVACUATION, LOCK DOWN AND FIRE PREVENTION PLAN I.
Emergency Action, Evacuation, Lockdown and Fire Prevention Statement The Emergency Action, Evacuation, Lockdown and Fire Prevention Plan outlines the institution’s procedures for carrying out the functions of the EAELFP plan. It is the primary goal of Detroit Business Institute-Downriver to provide a safe and secure environment for the students, faculty and staff members. The plan assigns roles and responsibilities to individuals who are directly responsible for emergency response and support services and provides a structure for coordination and activation of essential resources.
II.
Emergency Response Team (ERT) The Director of the institution is assigned to carry out the established responsibilities of the Incident Commander(CI). The Incident Commander will assess the type and scope of the emergency and if necessary activate other members of the ERT and supervise the activities.
The Operations Officer oversees the implementation of the response procedures to an emergency or emergency evacuation and oversees that all emergency response related activities are conducted in an appropriate and safe manner. The Admissions Representative at the institution is appointed the position of on-site Operations Officer.
Emergency Team Leaders are trained, faculty members, who support the Operations Officer during the implementation of emergency procedures or emergency evacuation.
III.
Emergency Evacuation and Lockdown Procedures
Commander (IC): Calls 911, if necessary Determines if students and site personnel should be evacuated to a safe area within the premises, outside the building to a relocation center Activates the Emergency Response Team (ERT) Notifies each Emergency Team Leader verbally, in trained wording, of an
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emergency or emergency evacuation Directs Emergency Team Leader to follow lockdown procedures if deemed necessary Remains in charge until the emergency is relieved
Operations Officer: Monitors implementation of establishes procedures during evacuation Ensures that individuals requiring extra assistance are accommodated Relates any incidents of critical importance to the Incident Commander Ensures all persons remain in a safe area until notified by the IC that the emergency has ended
Emergency Team Leader: Directs students to follow evacuation or lockdown procedures announced by the IC Allows no one to remain in the classrooms Take class roster Take roll when safely outside Immediately notify Operations Officer of any missing student Remain with the students unless relieved by another Emergency Team Leader If evacuated to relocation center, take roll again
IV.
EMERGENCY EVACUATION ROUTE
In case of an emergency students, faculty and staff will evacuate the premises following the specified routes posted in all classrooms. The following is a summary of the routes students should use to evacuate the building.
▪ Students and faculty in Rooms 101,102,106,107,instructor’s lounge, and the front office are to follow the evacuation route through the front door to the blue zone
▪ Students and faculty in Rooms 103,104,105,and the student lounge are to follow the evacuation route to the red zone behind the building
▪ Students and faculty in Rooms 108 and 109 are to evacuate through the back door to the red zone behind the building Students will be accounted for by their instructors. They are to remain outside the building until further instructions are given by the Operations Officer.
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COST OF ATTENDANCE 2020-2021 AWARD YEAR Day School Course Practical Nurse
Length 45 Weeks
Tuition* $29,400
*The tuition cost includes the use of all books. In addition to the course cost, each practical nurse student entering Detroit Business Institute-Downriver will be charged a $125 application fee. Cost of Attendance 2020-2021 Award Year The breakdown below is the cost of attendance by academic years. PRACTICAL NURSE – DAY SCHOOL 2020-2021 Dependent Students 2020-2021 Independent Students 1st Academic Year 1st Academic Year Tuition $19,600.00 Tuition $19,600.00 Room and Board $3,234.00 Room and Board $6,482.00 Personal Expenses $2,023.00 Personal Expenses $2,023.00 Transportation $1,218.00 Transportation $1,218.00
Total Expenses
$26,075.00 Total Expenses
2nd Academic Year Tuition Room and Board Personal Expenses Transportation
Total Expenses
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$29,323.00
2nd Academic Year $9,800.00 $1,386.00 $867.00 $522.00
Tuition Room and Board Personal Expenses Transportation
$12,575.00 Total Expenses
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$9,800.00 $2,778.00 $867.00 $522.00
$13,967.00
Rev. September 2020
NATIONAL STANDARDIZED BUDGET 2020-2021 Room & Board
Transportation**
Personal*
Total Monthly Costs
$462
$174
$289
$925
Living at home without dependents
962
174
289
1,425
Living at home or away with dependents
926
174
289
1,389
Attending less than halftime
0
174
0
174
Living at home
*includes clothing, laundry, personal care, recreation, gifts, etc. **denotes transportation costs for attending four days per week OFFICE HOURS The administrative office is normally open Monday through Friday from 8:00 a.m. until 4:30 p.m.
VOTER REGISTRATION The State of Michigan requires voters to be registered at least thirty days prior to the election day. Voter registration forms are available on line at https://webapps.sos.state.mi.us/mvic. https://mvic.sos.state.mi.us/RegisterVoter
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Important information about the Election Dates & Deadlines in Michigan
How do I register to vote in Michigan? Start your oonline registration on Michigan’s election website. You can also rregister to vote by mail or in person on Michigan’s election website.
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Detroit Business Institute-Downriver DRUG AND ALCOHOL AWARENESS AND PREVENTION PROGRAM FOR EMPLOYEES Standards of Conduct Detroit Business Institute prohibits the unlawful possession, use, or distribution of illicit drugs and/or alcohol by students on its property or as part of any of its activities. No student will be permitted to attend class if he/she is under the influence, or suspected of being under the influence, of alcohol or drugs. Legal Sanctions Attached is a description of the legal sanctions under the state and federal law for the unlawful possession or distribution of illicit drugs or alcohol. Health Risks A description of the health risks associated with the use of illicit drugs and the abuse of alcohol is included in the attached two booklets, “What Everyone Should Know About Drug Abuse,” and “Alcohol-Facts to Know”. Counseling and Rehabilitation A partial list of drug/alcohol counseling and rehabilitation programs available in the metropolitan Detroit area is attached. A student that was terminated for violation of Detroit Business InstituteDownriver’s standards of conduct listed above may be eligible for re-entry provided he/she has received clearance from a rehabilitation clinic or doctor that states he/she has been rehabilitated. Disciplinary Sanctions Any student who sells, manufactures, distributes, or has in his/her possession an illicit drug will be immediately terminated and all evidence will be turned over to the proper authorities.
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LOCAL COUNSELING, TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION PROGRAMS
SOUTHEAST MICHIGAN COMMUNITY ALLIANCE (SEMCA) 25363 Eureka Road, Taylor, MI 48180 (734) 229-3500 (administrative offices) (800) 686-6543 (substance abuse 24-hour access line) www.semca.org/sas.html SEMCA is the regional coordination agency designated by the Michigan Department of Community Health/Bureau of Substance Abuse Services to administer federal and state substance abuse treatment and prevention programs. SEMCA services clients residing in Wayne County (excluding the city of Detroit). Services include screening assessment referral and follow-up; outpatient individual, family and group treatment; intensive outpatient treatment (adult and adolescent); women’s intensive outpatient treatment and intensive outpatient treatment with domiciliary care. DETROIT WAYNE MENTAL HEALTH AUTHORITY ACCESS CENTER 707 Milwaukee Street, Detroit, MI (313) 344-9099 Substance abuse access lines: (800) 241-4949 & (313) 224-7000 Screening, referral and authorization for substance abuse treatment, adult and youth. HIV testing, post treatment case management and after care referral services. Wayne county residents only, all others appropriately referred. CATHOLIC SOCIAL SERVICES FOR WAYNE COUNTY 19855 West Outer Drive, Suite 207e, Dearborn Heights, MI 48125 (313) 883-2100 www.csswayne.org Individual family and group therapy. Specialized services include substance abuse treatment and prevention. CATHOLIC CHARITIES OF SOUTHEAST MICHIGAN 25 South Monroe Street, Monroe, MI 48161 (734) 240-3850 www.ccmonroe/org Programs include Head Start, substance abuse treatment, individual, family and group mental health counseling, older adult services.
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FEDERAL LEGAL SANCTIONS Federal Penalties and Sanctions for Illegal Possession of a Controlled Substance • • • •
• • • • • •
First conviction: Up to one year imprisonment and fined at least $1,000 but not more than $100,000, or both After one prior drug conviction: At least fifteen days in prison, not to exceed two years, and fined at least $2,500 but not more than $250,000, or both After two or more drug convictions: At least ninety days in prison, not to exceed three years, and fined at least $5,000 but not more than $250,000, or both Special sentencing provisions for possession of crack cocaine: Mandatory of at least five years in prison, not to exceed twenty years, and fined up to $250,000, or both if: 1. First conviction and amount of crack cocaine possessed exceeds five grams. 2. Second crack conviction and the amount of crack possessed exceeds three grams. 3. Third or subsequent crack conviction and the amount of crack possessed exceeds one gram. Forfeiture of personal and real property used to possess or to facilitate possession of a controlled substance if that offense is punishable by more than one year of imprisonment (see special sentencing provisions regarding crack). Forfeiture of vehicles, boats, aircraft, or any other conveyance used to transport or conceal a controlled substance. Civil fine of up to $10,000 (pending adoption of final regulations). Denial of federal benefits such as student loans, grants, contracts, and professional and commercial licenses, up to one year for first offense and up to five years for second and subsequent offenses. Ineligible to receive or purchase a firearm. Revocation of certain federal licenses and benefits, e.g. pilot licenses, public housing tenancy, etc. are vested within the authorities of individual federal agencies.
Federal Trafficking Penalties for Illegal Distribution of a Controlled Substance • • • • • • •
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Methamphetamine (10-99 gm, or 100-199 gm mixture) Heroin (100-999 gm mixture) Cocaine/Cocaine Base (cocaine -500-4,999 gm mixture; cocaine base – 5-49 gm mixture) Phencyclidine (PCP) (10-99 gm or 100-999 gm mixture) LSD (1-10 gm mixture) Fentanyl/Fentanyl Analogues (Fentanyl – 40-399 gm mixture; Fentanyl Analogues 10-99 gm mixture) Marijuana (mixture containing detectable quantity) (100-1,000 kg, or 100-999 plants) 1. First offense: Not less than five years, not more than forty years. If death or serious injury, not less than twenty years, not more than life. Fine of not more than $5 million individual, $25 million other than individual. 2. Second offense: Not less than ten years, not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than life. Fine of not more than $8 million individual, $50 million other than individual. Drug & Alcohol Awareness & Prevention Program for Employees
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REV 9, 2019
• Methamphetamine (100 gm or more, or 1 kg or more mixture) • Heroin (1 kg or more mixture) Cocaine/Cocaine Base (cocaine-5 kg or more mixture; cocaine base-50 gm or more mixture) • Phencyclidine (PCP) (100 gm or more, or 1 kg or more mixture) • LSD (10 gm or more m ixture) • Fentanyl/Fentanyl Analogue (Fentanyl-400 gm or more mixture; Fentanyl Analogue-100 gm or more mixture) • Marijuana (mixture containing detectable quantity) (1,000 kg or more; or 1, 000 or more plants 1. First offense: Not less than ten years, not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than twenty years, not more than life. Fine of not more than $10 million individual, $50 million other than individual. 2. Second offense: Not less than twenty years, not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than life. Fine of not more than $20 million individual, $75 million other than individual. • Marijuana (less than 50 kg) • Hashish/Hashish Oil (hashish – less than 10 kg; hashish oil – less than 1 kg) 1. First offense: Not more than five years. Fine of not more than $250,000 individual, $1 million other than individual. 2. Second offense: Not more than ten years. Fine of not more than $500,000 individual, $2 million other than individual. • Marijuana (50-100 kg, or 50-99 plants) • Hashish/Hashish Oil (hashish – 10-100 kg; hashish oil – 100 kg) 1. First offense: Not more than twenty years. If death or serious injury, not less than twenty years, not more than life. Fine of no more than $1 million individual, $5 million other than individual. 2. Second offense: Not more than thirty years. If death or serious injury, not less than life. Fine of no more than $2 million individual, $10 million other than individual. STATE OF MICHIGAN LEGAL SANCTIONS State of Michigan’s Legal Sanctions for Violation of Drug Laws The State of Michigan’s sanctions pertaining to the use and distribution of a controlled substance are varied and determination of the appropriate penalty to be imposed is based on a variety of circumstances relevant to the situation. A violation may result in a misdemeanor or felony conviction accompanied by a fine, imprisonment, seizure of personal and real property, and denial of federal benefits such as grants, contracts and student loans. The details for a crime relating to the use and distribution of a specific controlled substance is outlined within the Michigan Code section 333,7212, 7214, 7216, 7218 and 7220.
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How our understanding has changed Old Stereotypes
New Knowledge
People who were not “alcoholic” did not need to watch how much they drank.
Drinking can cause problems for anyone. So we focus on preventing these problems by educating everyone about alcohol use.
In the past experts thought…
Alcoholism was due to a lack of will power. It was not generally treated by doctors.
Now experts know...
What are the recommended limits?*
MEN
Per day: No more than 2 drinks on average, and no more than 4 drinks on any day Per week: No more than 14 drinks total
1 Drink =
An alcohol use disorder is a brain condition caused by many factors, including how much a person drinks.
Doctors had to wait until people with alcoholism wanted help.
Asking people about their alcohol use and giving them advice about it is part of high-quality health care for everyone.
There was a “one-size-fits-all” approach to alcohol treatment— and we only offered people group treatment based on the 12 steps of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA).
People with alcohol use disorders can choose from several proven treatment options: • Individual or couples counseling • Group counseling • Medications • Mutual help programs like SMART Recovery or AA
WOMEN
Per day: No more than 1 drink on average, and no more than 3 drinks on any day Per week: No more than 7 drinks total
12 OZ. beer 5 OZ. wine 1.5 OZ. liquor (a standard shot)
Drinking above these limits increases your risk of: • Weight gain • Insomnia • Forgetting medications • Medication interactions • Surgical complications • High blood pressure • Depression and anxiety • Liver or pancreatic disease
• Bleeding from the stomach • Stroke • Dementia • Seizures • Breast, prostate, colon and other cancers • Heart disease, including heart failure • Death
*Experts recommend no alcohol use for women who are pregnant, people who have liver disease, or people who have had problems due to drinking in the past.
Moving beyond stereotypes Experts no longer view drinking alcohol as a black and white issue, where people are either “alcoholic” or not. Instead, we use the term “alcohol use disorders” to describe a broad range of problems related to drinking. Experts have also stopped recommending that people drink for their health. Why? Because the health and social problems that drinking can cause far outweigh any potential health benefits.
Did you know
• About 1 in 4 adults drinks more alcohol than is recommended for good health. And about 1 in 12 has an alcohol use disorder. • People who drink above recommended limits are at risk for a variety of health problems. • The risk of death increases in women who have more than 7 drinks per week and in men who have more than 14 drinks per week.
Talk WithYour Doctor Even if you don’t want to stop drinking, treatment can still help you cut back. Ask yourself these important questions, then talk with your doctor about your answers. Have you had times when you drank more, or for longer, than you wanted to? Have you wanted to cut back or stop drinking more than once, but found that you couldn’t? Do you spend a lot of time drinking or feeling hung-over? Do you feel an urge to drink or a craving for alcohol? Has drinking or feeling hung-over made it harder for you to take care of your responsibilities? Have you continued to drink even when it was causing trouble with your family or friends? Have you stopped doing things you enjoy because of your drinking? Do you ever do dangerous things after drinking, such as drive a car or have unsafe sex? Have you continued to drink even when it made you feel depressed or anxious or caused other health problems? Do you need to drink more than you used to to feel the effect you want? Do you feel like you’re not yourself when you don’t drink—for example, do you feel irritable, have trouble sleeping, or notice other problems?
A ReThink of the Way we Drink https://youtu.be/tbKbq2IytC4
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Alcohol and health... What you should know
FACES of CHANGE Do I have a problem with alcohol or drugs?
Alcohol and drug problems affect many people. Some people see that drinking alcohol or using illegal drugs is hurting them. But there are a lot of other people who don’t even know they have a problem. They ignore the warning signs, even when their friends and family tell them that they have a problem.
1
This booklet looks at five people: Eric, Sue, Yolanda, Derrick, and Don. They come from different backgrounds, but they all have a problem with alcohol or illegal drugs.
As you read about these five people, think about your own life and the role that alcohol or drugs may play in it. Could drugs or alcohol be causing problems that you weren’t even aware of? Could you or someone you know be in denial about a problem with alcohol or drugs? Look at what the characters do. Will their actions help or hurt? Would you do the same thing or something different? 2
ERIC
Eric drank and smoked pot (marijuana) and got high on it a lot in high school. He also went to “keg� parties where he drank a lot of alcohol. He dropped out of school in his senior year. Now Eric has a job at a repair shop. He hates it. Sometimes he thinks he has to have a few beers or smoke some pot at lunch just to get through the day. 3
Eric, this has to stop or I’m gone!
Eric’s girlfriend Julie complains that he spends too much time drinking and getting high with his friends. She says she’ll move out if he doesn’t stop.
My girlfriend is a nag!
Now some friends invite Eric to a party where there is beer and pot. Eric goes and gets drunk, even though he knows his girlfriend will be upset.
What could happen to Eric if he keeps drinking and using marijuana? •
Eric might be arrested for drunk driving or for having marijuana, and could be referred to treatment by the court.
•
His girlfriend might leave him.
•
His boss might smell Eric’s breath after lunch. Then he might be fired. Or his employer might have an Employee Assistance Program (EAP) that will send him to treatment.
4
SUE Sue is a wife and a mother. She also works at a museum part time and goes to school. As the semester goes by, she finds herself under a lot of stress.
A fellow student tells Sue that he can sell her “uppers� (amphetamines) that will help her stay awake and get more done. Sue doesn’t like doing something illegal, but she starts taking the pills.
Two months go by, and Sue is still taking the pills. She is becoming irritable. She slaps her child for asking for a cookie. Her husband is upset and worried about how Sue is acting, and he wants her to talk to a substance abuse counselor about the pills she takes. 5
I don’t know what to do!
Sue doesn’t think she needs treatment, but she wants to please her husband. She doesn’t want to stop taking her pills, but she admits to a friend that they might be creating problems. Now Sue has a test coming up at school. She thinks about what her husband said, but she takes some pills to stay awake and study. At the same time, she knows she’ll be tired the next day if she doesn’t sleep. Sue feels guilty and frustrated. She doesn’t know what to do about her situation. What kinds of things could a substance abuse counselor do to help Sue? •
Help her explore the pros and cons of taking the pills.
•
Describe the harmful effects of the pills.
•
Describe what other people have done in a similar situation.
•
Help her set goals for quitting.
•
Suggest ways she can find support from others.
6
YOLANDA
Yolanda drinks a lot when she comes home from work. She wakes up feeling “hung over” at least three times a week. She has quit drinking a few times, but always started up again. It’s making her late to work more and more often.
Yolanda has been thinking about what her life would be like if she stopped drinking. She would do better at her job, and she wouldn’t wake up with headaches and stomach aches all the time. Yolanda’s father is in recovery from an alcohol abuse problem. He has moved back to Mexico but she still calls him for advice. He explains that alcoholism often runs in families.
7
He tells Yolanda that she should think about treatment. He suggests that she create a Change Plan Worksheet, listing the pros and cons of not drinking.
Now Yolanda is watching TV at home. She wants to get a beer out of the fridge, but she knows that she’ll end up having more than one. She takes all of the beers and pours them down the sink. She fills out the Change Plan Worksheet that her father talked about.
8
DERRICK Derrick used to drink a lot and take drugs when he partied with his friends at the clubs. Then one night he got arrested for possession of an illegal drug. The judge told him he had to get treatment.
9
At first, Derrick didn’t like treatment. He didn’t want to talk about his drug use. There were times when he wanted to quit treatment because it was really hard. But this slowly changed.
I’m glad things are better for you now!
After time, Derrick started to trust his substance abuse treatment counselor. He helped Derrick to know the “triggers” that could cause him to start using drugs again. He encouraged Derrick to create a support network of family and friends who don’t use drugs.
Now Derrick’s old buddies still call him sometimes to go out partying. Derrick says no and goes to a 12-Step meeting instead. It lets him meet other people he has things in common with. He’s got a new job and he feels good about himself.
Together, Derrick and his counselor have come up with several things he can do whenever he thinks about drinking or using drugs: •
He can do volunteer work in his spare time. This can help Derrick connect with people who don’t do drugs.
•
He can spend more time with his family, and with friends who don’t use drugs.
•
He can work out at the gym or take a computer course. 10
DON
When he was younger, Don hung out with a tough gang at the reservation where he lived. They often used drugs. He was arrested and told to enter a drug treatment program. Even though treatment made him feel better about himself, Don ran into his old gang and slipped back into using “meth” (methamphetamines) every day. He got arrested again and was sent to prison.
With the help of the prison’s substance abuse treatment counselor, Don moved into a halfway house and joined a drug treatment program. Away from the gang, and without drugs in his life, Don was able to finish high school and find a good job. 11
Don is now 40. He has been married for six years and enjoys going camping with his wife and children. He hasn’t touched drugs in 10 years. He likes to work out at the gym, and he has made a new set of friends who don’t drink or use drugs. Some of his friends are also in recovery and go to 12-Step meetings with him. Now Don is thinking about a career change. He would like to become a counselor for people with drug problems like he had. He wants to work in the clinic back on the reservation. He knows he needs to get more education, though, and make sure his own recovery is stable before he makes the change.
Today is fine and tomorrow will be better.
Every day, Don practices the coping skills he learned in treatment: •
He’s aware of negative feelings. He talks with a trusted person about them.
•
He works out at the gym to relieve stress.
•
Don HALTs sometimes. HALT stands for Hungry, Angry, Lonely, Tired. When he feels these things he stops and thinks. Don knows that it is important to do something positive at these times. He knows drugs won’t solve his problems. 12
What Can You Do About Drugs And Alcohol In Your Life? Know if there’s a problem: •
Are drugs or alcohol affecting your work or health?
•
Do you feel like you need alcohol or drugs to get through the day?
•
Are your friends or family members telling you there’s a problem?
Avoid the personal “triggers” that could set off an urge to drink or use drugs: •
Don’t try to do too much and get stressed out.
•
Don’t ignore the negative feelings that drugs and alcohol can cause.
•
Avoid people, places, and activities where you usually use drugs or drink alcohol.
Think about the benefits of making a change: •
Being healthier and stronger without alcohol or drugs.
•
Having family and friends who know they can depend on you.
•
Having a future with lots of choices.
If you think you might have a problem with alcohol or drugs, fill out the Change Plan Worksheet on the next page. You can even cut it out and carry it with you, or give it to a friend if you think it could help. 13
Change Plan Worksheet The changes I want to make are:
The most important reasons I want to make these changes are:
I plan to do these things to reach my goal:
The first steps I plan to take in changing are:
Some things that could interfere with my plan are:
Other people could help me in changing in these ways:
I hope my plan will have these positive results:
I will know that my plan is working if:
A counselor or professional I can call if I think I have a problem is:
14
Please share your thoughts about this publication by completing a brief online survey at: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/KAPPFS The survey takes about 7 minutes to complete and is anonymous. Your feedback will help SAMHSA develop future products.
Here are some helpful phone numbers and Web sites for more information about the warning signs of an alcohol or drug problem and how to get help: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) 1-800-662-HELP http://www.findtreatment.samhsa.gov
Alcoholics Anonymous 212-870-3400 (literature) 212-647-1680 (meeting referral) http://www.aa.org Cocaine Anonymous 1-800-347-8998 http://www.ca.org Marijuana Anonymous 1-800-766-6779 http://www.marijuana-anonymous.org
NAFARE Alcohol, Drug, and Pregnancy Hotline 1-800-638-BABY Narcotics Anonymous 1-818-773-9999 http://www.na.org Women for Sobriety 1-800-333-1606 http://www.womenforsobriety.org
This list of resources is not exhaustive and does not necessarily signify endorsement by SAMHSA or HHS.
Check this box to see if a treatment center near you has listed its address and/or phone number.
All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission from SAMHSA. Citation of the source is appreciated. However, this publication may not be reproduced or distributed for a fee without the specific, written authorization of the Office of Communications, SAMHSA, HHS. This brochure was created to accompany the publication Enhancing Motivation for Change in Substance Abuse Treatment, #35 in SAMHSA’s Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series. The TIP series and its affiliated products may be ordered from SAMHSA’s Publications Ordering Web page at http://store.samhsa.gov. Or, please call SAMHSA at 1-877-SAMHSA-7 (1-877-726-4727) (English and Español). HHS Publication No. (SMA) 15-4174 Printed 2005 Reprinted 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015
DRUGS
THE TRUTH ABOUT
Drugs destroy and ruin millions of lives every year. What should YOU know about them?
Ecsta sy LSD Speed Cocaine Marijuana
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WHY THIS BOOKLET WAS PRODUCED
T
here is a lot of talk about drugs in the world—on the streets, at school, on the Internet and TV. Some of it is true, some not. Much of what you hear about drugs actually comes from those selling them. Reformed drug dealers have confessed they would have said anything to get others to buy drugs. Don’t be fooled. You need facts to avoid becoming hooked on drugs and to help your friends stay off them. That is why we have prepared this booklet—for you. Your feedback is important to us, so we look forward to hearing from you. You can visit us on the web at drugfreeworld.org and e-mail us at info@drugfreeworld.org.
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Our Drug Culture D
rugs have been part of our culture since the middle of the last century. Popularized in the 1960s by music and mass media, they invade all aspects of society. An estimated 208 million people internationally consume illegal drugs. In the United States, results from the 2007 National Survey on Drug Use and Health showed that 19.9 million Americans (or 8% of the population aged 12 or older) used illegal drugs in the month prior to the survey. You probably know someone who has been affected by drugs, directly or indirectly.
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The most commonly used—and abused—drug in the US is alcohol. Alcohol-related motor accidents are the second leading cause of teen death in the United States. The most commonly used illegal drug is marijuana. According to the United Nations 2008 World Drug Report, about 3.9% of the world’s population between the ages of 15 and 64 abuse marijuana. Young people today are exposed earlier than ever to drugs. Based on a survey by the Centers for Disease Control in 2007,
45% of high school students nationwide drank alcohol and 19.7% smoked pot during a one-month period. In Europe, recent studies among 15- and 16-year-olds suggest that use of marijuana varies from under 10% to over 40%, with the highest rates reported by teens in the Czech Republic (44%), followed by Ireland (39%), the UK (38%) and France (38%). In Spain and the United Kingdom, cocaine use among 15- to 16-year-olds is 4% to 6%. Cocaine use among young people has risen in Denmark, Italy, Spain, UK, Norway and France.
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M
y goal in life wasn’t living . . . it was getting high. Over the years, I turned to cocaine, marijuana and alcohol under a false belief it would allow me to escape my problems. It just made things worse. I kept saying to myself, I’m going to stop permanently after using one last time. It never happened.” — John
I
t started with the weed, then the pills (Ecstasy) and acid, making cocktails of all sorts of drugs, even overdosing to make the rushes last longer. I had a bad trip one night . . . I prayed and cried for this feeling to go away, I had voices in my head, had the shakes and couldn’t leave home for six months. I thought everyone was watching me. I couldn’t walk in public places. Man! I couldn’t even drive. “I ended up homeless and on the streets, living and sleeping in a cardboard box, begging and struggling to find ways to get my next meal.” — Ben
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Why Do People Take Drugs? P
eople take drugs because they want to change something about their lives.
Here are some of the reasons young people have given for taking drugs: • • • • • •
To fit in To escape or relax To relieve boredom To seem grown up To rebel To experiment
They think drugs are a solution. But eventually, the drugs become the problem. Difficult as it may be to face one’s problems, the consequences of drug use are always worse than the problem one is trying to solve with them. The real answer is to get the facts and not to take drugs in the first place.
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How Do Drugs Work? are essentially poisons. The amount taken determines the effect. D rugs A small amount acts as a stimulant (speeds you up). A greater amount acts as a sedative (slows you down). An even larger amount poisons and can kill. This is true of any drug. Only the amount needed to achieve the effect differs. But many drugs have another liability: they directly affect the mind. They can distort the user’s perception of what is happening around him or her. As a result, the person’s actions may be odd, irrational, inappropriate and even destructive.
Drugs block off all sensations, the desirable ones with the unwanted. So, while providing short-term help in the relief of pain, they also wipe out ability and alertness and muddy one’s thinking. Medicines are drugs that are intended to speed up or slow down or change something about the way your body is working, to try to make it work better. Sometimes they are necessary. But they are still drugs: they act as stimulants or sedatives, and too much can kill you. So if you do not use medicines as they are supposed to be used, they can be as dangerous as illegal drugs.
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Drugs Affect the Mind ormally, when a person remembers something, the mind is very fast and Ninformation comes to him quickly. But drugs blur memory, causing blank spots. When a person tries to get information through this cloudy mess, he can’t do it. Drugs make a person feel slow or stupid and cause him to have failures in life. And as he has more failures and life gets harder, he wants more drugs to help him deal with the problem.
Drugs Destroy Creativity One lie told about drugs is that they help a person become more creative. The truth is quite different. Someone who is sad might use drugs to get a feeling of happiness, but it does not work. Drugs can lift a person into a fake kind of cheerfulness, but when the drug wears off, he or she crashes even lower than before. And each time, the emotional plunge is lower and lower. Eventually, drugs will completely destroy all the creativity a person has.
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D
uring the whole time I was on drugs I thought I had control over my life and that I had it great. But I destroyed everything I had built up and fought for in my life. I cut ties to all my drug‑free friends and my family, so I hadn’t any friends but my drug mates. Every day revolved around one thing: my plan for getting the money I needed for drugs. I would do everything possible to get my amphetamine—it was the only thing in my life.” — Pat
I
felt that I was more fun when I was drunk. Soon after [I started drinking] I was introduced to marijuana . . . . Later, I was hanging out at a friend’s house smoking marijuana when someone pulled out a bag of cocaine. Snorting cocaine quickly became a daily habit. I was stealing money from my parents’ business and from my grandparents on a daily basis to support my alcohol, cocaine, marijuana and LSD habits. Then I was introduced to OxyContin and began using it on a regular basis. By the time I realized I was addicted, snorting OxyContin was part of my daily routine. I needed something stronger— and was introduced to heroin. I would stop at nothing to get high. My addiction was winning. And every time I tried to kick it, the physical craving would send me back for more.” — Edith
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basic facts
about commonly abused drugs 10
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T
he facts about these commonly abused drugs have been compiled from the references at the end of this booklet. They are included here to provide you with the truth about what these drugs are and what they do.
• Marijuana............................................................................................ Page 12 • Alcohol ................................................................................................ Page 14 • Synthetic Drugs .................................................................................... Page 16 • Ecstasy ................................................................................................ Page 18 • Cocaine & Crack Cocaine ....................................................................... Page 20 • Crystal Meth & Methamphetamine ........................................................ Page 22 • Inhalants ............................................................................................. Page 24 • Heroin .................................................................................................. Page 26 • LSD ...................................................................................................... Page 28 • Prescription Drug Abuse........................................................................ Page 30 11
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Marijuana arijuana is usually rolled up in a cigarette called a joint or a nail. It can also be M brewed as a tea or mixed with food, or
smoked through a water pipe called a bong. Cannabis* is number three of the top five substances which account for admissions to drug treatment facilities in the United States, at 16%. According
Street Names:
• Weed • Blunt • Grass • Herb • Pot • Reefer
• Smoke • Mary Jane • Skunk • Boom • Gangster • Kiff • Chronic
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• Ganja • Super Skunk • Purple Haze • Dope • Nederweed
to a National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, kids who frequently use marijuana are almost four times more likely to act violently or damage property. They are five times more likely to steal than those who do not use the drug. Marijuana is often more potent today than it used to be. Growing techniques and selective use of seeds have produced a more powerful drug. As a result, there has been a sharp increase in the number of marijuana-related emergency room visits by young pot smokers. Because a tolerance builds up, marijuana can lead users to consume stronger drugs to achieve the same high. When the effects start to wear off, the person may turn to * cannabis: any of the different drugs that come from Indian hemp, including marijuana and hashish.
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more potent drugs to rid himself of the unwanted conditions that prompted him to take marijuana in the first place. Marijuana itself does not lead the person to the other drugs: people take drugs to get rid of unwanted situations or feelings. The drug (marijuana) masks the problem for a time (while the user is high). When the “high” fades, the problem, unwanted condition or situation returns more intensely than before. The user may then turn to stronger drugs since marijuana no longer “works.”
Long‑term Effects:
Long‑term use can cause psychotic symptoms. It can also damage the lungs and the heart, worsen the symptoms of bronchitis and cause coughing and wheezing. It may reduce the body’s ability to fight lung infections and illness.
Short‑term Effects:
Loss of coordination and distortions in the sense of time, vision and hearing, sleepiness, reddening of the eyes, increased appetite and relaxed muscles. Heart rate can speed up. In fact, in the first hour of smoking marijuana, a user’s risk of a heart attack could increase fivefold. School performance is reduced through impaired memory and lessened ability to solve problems.
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Alcohol Street Names: • Booze • Sauce • Brews • Brewskis • Hooch • Hard Stuff • Juice
A
lcohol depresses your central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), lowers inhibitions* and impairs judgment. Drinking large amounts can lead to a coma and even death. Mixing alcohol with medications or street drugs is extremely dangerous and can be fatal. Alcohol influences your brain and leads to a loss of coordination, slowed reflexes, distorted vision, memory lapses and blackouts. Teenage bodies are still growing and alcohol has a greater impact on young people’s physical and mental well-being than on older people.
Short‑term Effects:
Feeling of warmth, flushed skin, impaired judgment, lack of coordination, slurred speech, memory and comprehension loss. Heavy drinking usually results in a “hangover,” headache, nausea, anxiety, weakness, shakiness and sometimes vomiting.
14
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g n
nd
an
ing.
Long‑term Effects:
Tolerance to many of the unpleasant effects of alcohol and a resulting ability to drink more. This leads to a deteriorating physical condition that can include liver damage and increases the risk of heart disease. A pregnant woman may give birth to a baby with defects that affect the baby’s heart, brain and other major organs. A person can become dependent on alcohol. If someone suddenly stops drinking, withdrawal symptoms may set in. They range from jumpiness, sleeplessness, sweating and poor appetite to convulsions and sometimes death. Alcohol abuse can also lead to violence and conflicts in one’s personal relationships. * inhibitions: ideas or rules that tend to stop a person from doing something.
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synthetic drugs Street Names:
• K2 • Smiles • Spice • Bath Salts • Blizzard • N-bomb • Fake Weed • Black Mamba
S
ynthetic drugs are created using manmade chemicals. A class of synthetic drugs known as“designer drugs” include synthetic marijuana (“Spice” or “K2”), synthetic stimulants (“Bath Salts”) and “N-bomb”. These are chemically made versions of illegal drugs that have been slightly altered to avoid classification as illegal, allowing dealers to make profits on the Internet or in stores without technically breaking the law. When a designer drug becomes illegal, the chemist alters it again. This repeats over and over. Because the chemicals used constantly change, users have no way of knowing the content and effects.
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Short‑term Effects:
Hallucinations and delusions, confusion and disorientation, psychosis, suicidal thoughts or suicide, extreme agitation and anxiety, panic attacks, depression, insomnia, violent behavior, unresponsiveness, loss of consciousness. Headaches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, heavy sweating, high fever, kidney malfunction, heart attack, bleeding in the brain.
Long‑term Effects:
Long-term permanent effects can include kidney damage and failure, liver damage, seizures, brain swelling and brain death, tremors, extreme tiredness, insomnia, forgetfulness and confusion, paralysis, persistent and severe anxiety and depression, breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue, death.
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Ecstasy Street Names:
• E • XTC • X • Adam
• Hug • Beans • Clarity
• Lover’s Speed • Love Drug
E
cstasy is usually taken orally in pill, tablet or capsule form. Taking more than one at a time is called “bumping.” Ecstasy is a synthetic (man‑made) drug made in a laboratory. Makers may add anything they choose to the drug, such as caffeine, amphetamine* and even cocaine. Ecstasy is illegal and has effects similar to hallucinogens and stimulants. The pills are of different colors and are sometimes marked with cartoon‑like images. Mixing Ecstasy with alcohol is extremely dangerous and can be lethal. The stimulative effects of drugs such as Ecstasy enable the user to dance for long periods, and when combined with the hot, crowded conditions found at raves, can lead to extreme dehydration and heart or kidney failure.
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Short‑term Effects: • Impaired Judgment • False sense of affection • Confusion • Depression • Sleep problems • Severe anxiety • Paranoia†
• Drug craving • Muscle tension • Involuntary teeth clenching • Nausea • Blurred vision • Faintness • Chills or sweating
E
cstasy made me crazy. One day I bit glass, just like I would have bitten an apple. I had to have my mouth full of pieces of glass to realize what was happening to me. Another time I tore rags with my teeth for an hour.” — Ann
Long‑term Effects:
• Prolonged use causes long‑lasting and perhaps permanent damage to the brain, affecting the person’s judgment and thinking ability. * amphetamine: a central nervous system stimulant, often called “speed.” † paranoia: suspicion, distrust or fear of other people.
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Cocaine & Crack Cocaine C
ocaine and crack cocaine can be taken orally, through the nose (snorted), injected with a syringe or, in the case of crack, through inhalation of the fumes from heating it.
Street Names: • Coke • Crack • Flake • Rocks
• Snow • Charlie • Sniff
The terms used to describe ingestion include chewing, snorting, mainlining (injecting into a large vein) and smoking. The word cocaine refers to the drug in a powder form (cocaine) and a crystal form (crack).
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It is made from the coca plant and, next to methamphetamine,* creates the greatest psychological dependence of any drug.
Short‑term Effects:
Cocaine causes a short‑lived intense high that is immediately followed by the opposite—intense feelings of depression and edginess and a craving for more of the drug. People who use it often don’t eat or sleep properly. They can experience greatly increased heart rate, muscle spasms and convulsions. The drug can make people feel paranoid, angry, hostile and anxious, even when they aren’t high. * methamphetamine: a highly addictive central nervous system stimulant.
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Long‑term Effects:
In addition to those effects already mentioned, cocaine can cause irritability, mood disturbances, restlessness, paranoia and auditory (hearing) hallucinations. Tolerance to the drug develops so that more is needed to produce the same “high.” Coming down from the drug causes severe depression, which becomes deeper and deeper after each use. This can get so severe that a person will do almost anything to get the drug—even commit murder. And if he or she can’t get cocaine, the depression can get so intense it can drive the addict to suicide.
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Crystal Meth & Methamphetamine C
Street Names: • Speed • Meth • Crystal • Crank
• Tweak • Go‑fast • Ice • Glass
• Tina • Quartz
rystal meth and meth are inhaled, smoked or injected. Low doses are in pill form.
Crystal meth is a form of methamphetamine that resembles small fragments of glass or shiny blue-white rocks. On the street, it is known as “ice,” “crystal,” “glass” and other names. It is a highly powerful and addictive man-made stimulant that causes aggression and violent or psychotic behavior. Many users report getting hooked (addicted) from the first time they use it. It is one of the hardest drugs to treat.
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Sh
Neg dist nau agg cau on w grea agit effe hall Can
Short‑term Effects:
Negative effects can include disturbed sleep patterns, hyperactivity, nausea, delusions of power, increased aggressiveness and irritability. Can cause decreased hunger and bring on weight loss. In higher doses has a greater “rush,” followed by increased agitation and sometimes violence. Other effects can include insomnia, confusion, hallucinations, anxiety and paranoia. Can cause convulsions leading to death.
Long‑term Effects:
Increased heart rate and blood pressure, damage to blood vessels in the brain, leading to strokes or irregular heart beat and cardiovascular (involving the heart and blood vessels) collapse or death. Can cause liver, kidney and lung damage. Users may suffer brain damage, including memory impairment and an increasing inability to grasp abstract thoughts. Those who recover are usually subject to memory gaps and extreme mood swings.
C
rystal meth was my drug of choice, but there were others too—cheap, easy to get, easy to become addicted to and, of course, easy to use. I tried it once and BOOM! I was addicted. One of the main things that this affected was my music career. I had a great band and played great music and had great members who weren’t only band members but best friends. That all changed when I started using meth.” — Brad
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Inhalants Street Names: • Poppers • Whippets • Laughing Gas • Rush
I
nhalants include chemicals found in such household products as aerosol sprays, cleaning fluids, glue, paint, paint thinner, nail polish remover, amyl nitrite* and lighter fuel. They are sniffed or “huffed” (act of inhaling vapors). Inhalants affect the brain. When substances or fumes are inhaled through the nose or mouth, they can cause permanent physical and mental damage. They starve the body of oxygen and force the heart to beat irregularly and more rapidly. People who use inhalants can lose their sense of smell, suffer nausea and nosebleeds and may develop liver, lung and kidney problems. Continued use can lead to reduced muscle mass, tone and strength. Inhalants can
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make people unable to walk, talk and think normally. Much of the damage is caused to the brain tissue when the toxic fumes are sniffed straight into the sinus.†
Short‑term Effects:
In addition to the above, inhalants can kill a person by heart attack or suffocation as the inhaled fumes take the place of oxygen in the lungs and central nervous system. Someone on inhalants may also suddenly react with extreme violence.
Long‑term Effects:
Can lead to muscle wasting and reduced muscle tone and strength. Can permanently damage the body and brain. * amyl nitrite: a pale yellow liquid used to open or widen blood vessels, sometimes abused as a stimulant. † sinus: one of the open spaces in the front of the skull that a person breathes through with the nose.
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Heroin H
eroin is usually injected, snorted or smoked. It is highly addictive. Heroin enters the brain rapidly but makes people think and react slowly, impairing their decision-making ability. It causes difficulty in remembering things.
Street Names: • Horse • Smack • H • Skag • Junk • Brown Sugar
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Injecting the drug can create a risk of AIDS, hepatitis (liver disease) and other diseases caused by infected needles. These health problems can be passed on to sexual partners and newborns. Heroin is one of the three drugs most frequently involved in drug abuse deaths. Violence and crime are linked to its use.
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Short‑term Effects:
Abusers experience clouded mental functioning, nausea and vomiting. Awareness of pain may be suppressed. Pregnant women can suffer spontaneous abortion. Cardiac (heart) functions slow down and breathing is severely slowed, sometimes to the point of death.
Long‑term Effects:
Scarred and/or collapsed veins, bacterial infections of the blood vessels, heart valves, abscesses and other soft‑tissue infections, and liver or kidney disease. Lung complications may result. Sharing of needles or fluids may result in hepatitis, AIDS and other blood‑borne virus diseases.
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LSD
Street Names: • Acid • Cid • Blotter • Heavenly Blue • Microdot
• Purple Heart • California Sunshine • Tab • Dots
LSD
is sold in tablets, capsules or in liquid form. It is commonly added to absorbent paper and divided into small decorated squares. Each square is a dose. LSD is still one of the most potent mood-changing chemicals and is derived from the extremely poisonous ergot fungus, a mold which grows on rye and other grains. Its effects are unpredictable. A tiny amount can produce 12 hours or more of effects.
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Short‑term Effects:
Dilated pupils, higher body temperature, increased heart rate and blood pressure, sweating, loss of appetite, sleeplessness, dry mouth and tremors. People can experience severe, terrifying thoughts and feelings, fear of losing control, fear of insanity and death and feelings of despair while using LSD.
Long‑term Effects:
Flashbacks, or recurrences, of an LSD “trip” can be experienced long after the drug is taken and its effect has apparently worn off. The “trip” itself usually begins to clear up after about 12 hours, but some users manifest long‑lasting psychoses.
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Prescription Drug Abuse A
buse of prescription drugs has become a more serious problem than most street drugs. Painkillers, tranquilizers, antidepressants, sleeping pills and stimulants may appear “safe” due to being prescribed by doctors, but they can be just as addictive and potent as the heroin or cocaine sold on the street. The painkiller OxyContin, for example, is as powerful as heroin and affects the body in the same way. Continued use of painkillers, depressants (“downers”), stimulants (“uppers”) or antidepressants can lead to addiction—and painful withdrawal symptoms for those who try to quit. Just a few of the effects of these drugs are given here.
Painkillers: OxyContin, Fentanyl, morphine, Percodan, Demerol are a few of a long list of
W
painkillers. Effects can include slowed breathing, nausea and unconsciousness. Abuse can lead to addiction. Depressants: These drugs, which slow down your brain and nervous system functions, include Xanax, Zyprexa, Amytal, Seconal, Valium and many others. Effects can include heart problems, weight gain, fatigue* and slurred speech. Continued use can lead to addiction. Stimulants: These drugs speed up your heart rate and breathing, similar to “speed” or cocaine. They include Ritalin, Adderall, Concerta and drugs known as “bennies.” Effects include increased blood pressure and heartbeat, hostility and paranoia. Antidepressants: Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft and Celexa are some of the commonly used antidepressants. Effects can include irregular heartbeat, paranoid reactions, violent or suicidal thoughts and hallucinations. Long-term use can lead to addiction. Painkillers, depressants and antidepressants are responsible for more overdose deaths in the US than cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine and amphetamines combined.
* fatigue: extreme physical or mental tiredness.
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What Dealers Will Tell You W
hen teens were surveyed to find out why they started using drugs in the first place, 55% replied that it was due to pressure from their friends. They wanted to be cool and popular. Dealers know this. They will approach you as a friend and offer to “help you out” with “something to bring you up.” The drug will “help you fit in” or “make you cool.” Drug dealers, motivated by the profits they make, will say anything to get you to buy their drugs. They will tell you that “cocaine will make your life a party” and that “heroin is a warm blanket.” If you take Ecstasy, “you can be with a lot of girls.” They don’t care if the drugs ruin your life as long as they are getting paid. All they care about is money. Former dealers have admitted they saw their buyers as “pawns in a chess game.” Get the facts about drugs. Make your own decisions.
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Millions of copies of booklets such as this have been distributed to people around the world in 22 languages. As new drugs appear on the streets and more information about their effects becomes known, existing booklets are updated and new ones created. The booklets are published by the Foundation for a Drug-Free World, a nonprofit public benefit organization headquartered in Los Angeles, California. The Foundation provides educational materials, advice and coordination for its international drug prevention network. It works with youth, parents, educators, volunteer organizations and government agencies—anyone with an interest in helping people lead lives free from drug abuse.
REFERENCES European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, 2007 Annual Report “Drug Facts, Did You Know?” Drugs and the Environment, October 2004 “Results from the 2007 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Fact Sheet.” AlcoholScreening.org Office of National Drug Control Policy
“New Initiative Harnesses Power of Teens, Parents to Stop Teen Drug Use,” Media Campaign, News Room, 29 January 2004 Office of National Drug Control Policy, National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign, 3 October 2004 “Help for Parents: Is Your Child Using Drugs? How to Find Out,” Partnership for a Drug-Free America, 12 October 2004 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administrations, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
UN Office of Drugs and Crime World Drug Report 2008 European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction Statistical Bulletin 2008 “Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) Highlights—2006” “CDC Survey: As Many Teens Smoke Marijuana as Cigarettes, Cigarette Use Dropping Faster,” 5 June 2008 PHOTO CREDITS: Page 8: Alamy (left); Page 15: istockphoto.com/Lisa Young; Page 26: Luke Peters.
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FACTS YOU NEED TO KNOW This booklet is one in a series of publications that cover the facts about marijuana, alcohol, synthetic drugs, Ecstasy, cocaine, crack cocaine, crystal meth and methamphetamine, inhalants, heroin, LSD and prescription drug abuse. Armed with this information, the reader can make the decision to live a drug-free life.
For more information or to obtain more copies of this or other booklets in this series, contact: Foundation for a Drug-Free World 1626 N. Wilcox Ave., No. 1297 Los Angeles, CA 90028 TM
drugfreeworld.org • info@drugfreeworld.org 1 (888) NO-TO-DRUGS 1 (888) 668-6378
Š 2016 Foundation for a Drug-Free World. All Rights Reserved. The Foundation logo is a trademark owned by the Foundation for a Drug-Free World. Item #C7141 US-ENG
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