Test Bank for Criminal Investigation, 11th Edition, Kären M. Hess, Christine Hess Orthmann, Henry Lim Cho
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1. Studies have shown that the ties between and violence are unmistakable and that this type of behavior is a predictor of abusive or violent behavior.
a. property crimes
b. abuse or cruelty to animals
c. internecine rivalry
d. fraud and embezzlement
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Domestic Violence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
2. The type of weapon used most frequently in domestic violence cases is:
a. a firearm.
b. furniture.
c. a blunt object.
d. a knife or sharp object.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Domestic Violence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
3. Current or former spouses, opposite-sex cohabiting partners, same-sex cohabiting partners, and even dating relationships may all be described using which of the following terms?
a. intimate partners
b. cycle of intimacy
c. offender-partner cycle
d. life partner cycle
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Domestic Violence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
4. By the year 2000, how many domestic violence cases resulted in arrests?
a. 50 percent
b. 10 percent
c. 15 percent
d. 60 percent
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Domestic Violence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
5. Batterer intervention programs (BIPs) have found that batterer rehabilitation is significantly affected by what the offender actually has to lose, for example, home ownership, employment, and marriage. These variables are referred to as the offender’s:
a. stake in conformity.
b. natural selection.
c. family code model.
d. cycle of recovery.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Domestic Violence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
6. Which of the following has proved to be effective and best suited to deal with the continuous cycle of domestic violence?
a. long sentences
b. specialized units within police departments and prosecutors’ offices
c. large fines and jail terms
d. mandatory GPS tracking
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Domestic Violence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
7. Historically, officers are more likely to be assaulted while responding to what type of calls?
a. robbery
b. domestic violence
c. elder abuse
d. homicide
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Domestic Violence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
8. The dynamics of same-sex domestic violence are similar to those of opposite-sex domestic violence in many respects. Which of the following statements is true?
a. The cause is cyclical, escalates over time, and maintains a commonality in characteristics of batterers.
b. When the law enforcement response to domestic violence incidents involving heterosexual and same-sex couples is compared, it is noted that the couples receive different treatment.
c. Same-sex victims do not receive any protection from their abuser.
d. Same-sex victims are always afforded the same protection as heterosexuals.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Domestic Violence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
9. Over time, the three-stage cycle of abuse (or violence) typically:
a. increases in frequency.
b. increases in severity.
c. increases in both severity and frequency.
d. decreases in both severity and frequency.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Domestic Violence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
10. Which of the following statements is true about “batteredwoman syndrome”?
a. It is based on the concept of duress.
b. It results from a family member.
c. It is not permissible as a court defense for women who murder their abusers.
d. It is a myth.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Domestic Violence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Define assault.
11. Which of the following are examples of indicator crimes?
a. hit-and-run offenses, but not harassing phone calls
b. harassing phone calls, but not hit-and-run offenses
c. onlyprior offenses, and only those involving the same victim and suspect
d. hit-and-run offenses, harassing phone calls, and prior offenses involving the same victim and suspect
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Domestic Violence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
12. The cycle of violence involves:
a. intimacy, arguments, and making up.
b. tension-building, the battering episode, and the honeymoon.
c. premarital sex, alcohol, and the honeymoon period.
d. threats, battering, and compliance.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Domestic Violence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
13. An unlawful attack by one person on another in order to inflict severe bodily injury and which often involves use of a dangerous weapon and is a felony is called:
a. aggravated assault.
b. mayhem.
c. attempted murder.
d. assault with a deadly weapon.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Elements of the Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.02 - Explain how simple assault differs from aggravated assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
14. Which of the following is a type of stalker?
a. unwanted gifts from a partner
b. stranger
c. loved one
d. autoerotic
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Stalking
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.02 - Explain how simple assault differs from aggravated assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
15. The term in loco parentis refers to the fact that:
a. one form of domestic violence is when parents abuse their children.
b. some abusers are victims of abuse at the hands of their own parents.
c. teachers, in some states, are allowed to use force to maintain discipline.
d. teachers are not allowed to discipline children in their care.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Classification
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.02 - Explain how simple assault differs from aggravated assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
16. Intentionally causing another person to fear immediate bodily harm or death or intentionally inflicting or attempting to inflict bodily harm on the person is called:
a. mayhem.
b. simple assault.
c. aggravated assault.
d. assault with a deadly weapon.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Classification
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.02 - Explain how simple assault differs from aggravated assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
17. Of the three elements included in the crime of aggravated assault, investigators must prove:
a. two of the three.
b. all three.
c. only one.
d. all three, plus intent.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Elements of the Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.03 - Identify the elements of simple assault, aggravated (felonious) assault, and attempted assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
18. Which of the following is a form of elder abuse?
a. stalking
b. self-neglect
c. assault
d. failure to resuscitate
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Elder Abuse
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.03 - Identify the elements of simple assault, aggravated (felonious) assault, and attempted assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
19. Aggravated assault requires:
a. a threat made to the victim.
b. attempted bodily injury to the victim.
c. severe bodily injury to the victim.
d. a weapon.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Elements of the Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.03 - Identify the elements of simple assault, aggravated (felonious) assault, and attempted assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
20. An act toward the commission of a crime that is more complete than a threat or gesture is referred to as what type of act?
a. overt act
b. subversive act
c. covert act
d. preliminary act
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Elements of the Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.03 - Identify the elements of simple assault, aggravated (felonious) assault, and attempted assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
21. Healed injuries not visible to the naked eye may be revealed through:
a. microphotography.
b. limited or restricted wavelength photography.
c. specific, refined wavelength photography.
d. reflective ultraviolet photography.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Preliminary Investigation
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.04 - List the factors investigators must address to prove the elements of both simple and aggravated assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
22. Physical evidence that indicates the severity of an assault may include which of the following?
a. crying
b. overturned furniture
c. the mental state of the victim
d. the mental state of the offender
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Preliminary Investigation
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.04 - List the factors investigators must address to prove the elements of both simple and aggravated assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
23. One-third of the women killed in the United States are murdered by their husbands or boyfriends, and as many as 90 percent of women are stalked before the murder. This is a clear example of:
a. mass murder.
b. target hardening.
c. femicide.
d. fratricide.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Stalking
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.05 - Define the categories of assault that are identified as separate crimes to aid in data collection.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
24. The majority of stalking cases are categorized as:
a. acquaintance stalking.
b. stranger stalking.
c. cyberstalking.
d. intimate or former intimate stalking.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Stalking
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.05 - Define the categories of assault that are identified as separate crimes to aid in data collection.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
25. Elder abuse is:
a. almost always reported.
b. reported about half the time.
c. severely underreported.
d. always a social service concern, not a law enforcement issue.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Elder Abuse
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.05 - Define the categories of assault that are identified as separate crimes to aid in data collection.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
26. Although the majority of abuse victims are women, women may also perpetrate domestic violence.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Domestic Violence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
27. Research has shown that law enforcement agencies do not place a high priority on responding to domestic violence calls.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Domestic Violence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
28. Officers should not disregard the victim as a potential attacker in a domestic violence case.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Domestic Violence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
29. Some states are now using global positioning systems (GPS) to monitor domestic violence offenders.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Domestic Violence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
30. Women constitute the offenders in nearly one quarter of all family violence incidents.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Domestic Violence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
31. A restraining order issued in one county may not be valid in the next county.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Domestic Violence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
32. Research has found that children who witness abuse or are abused themselves are less likely to abuse a spouse or child when they become adults.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Domestic Violence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
33. Research supports a connection between animal cruelty as a child and domestic violence as an adult.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Domestic Violence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
34. Police themselves can issue an emergency protective order in domestic violence cases.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Domestic Violence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
35. Full faith and credit is a provision of the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) of 1994.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Domestic Violence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
36. In some instances, teachers and bus drivers are allowed to use reasonable physical force.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Classification
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.02 - Explain how simple assault differs from aggravated assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
37. More men than women are victims of stalking.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Stalking
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.02 - Explain how simple assault differs from aggravated assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
38. An assault committed in self-defense is legal and justifiable.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Classification
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.02 - Explain how simple assault differs from aggravated assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
39. The first antistalking laws were passed in Massachusetts in 2005.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Stalking
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.02 - Explain how simple assault differs from aggravated assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
40. Some stalking laws are more prohibitive and require that specific threats, or credible threats, must be made to the victim.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Stalking
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.02 - Explain how simple assault differs from aggravated assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
41. Computer technology is used to harass approximately 50 percent of all stalking victims.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Stalking
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.02 - Explain how simple assault differs from aggravated assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
42. The use of restraining orders for stalkers are very effective.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Stalking
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.02 - Explain how simple assault differs from aggravated assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
43. Self-neglect is a form of elder abuse in many states.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Elder Abuse
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.03 - Identify the elements of simple assault, aggravated (felonious) assault, and attempted assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
44. Establishing that an act was an attempted assault requires proof of intent along with some overt act toward committing the crime.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Elements of the Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.03 - Identify the elements of simple assault, aggravated (felonious) assault, and attempted assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
45. The term elder abuse applies to the physical and emotional abuse, financial exploitation, and general neglect of the elderly.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Elder Abuse
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.03 - Identify the elements of simple assault, aggravated (felonious) assault, and attempted assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
46. When responding to cases of domestic violence, officers should wait for prior to entering the scene.
ANSWER: backup
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Domestic Violence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
47. Cruelty toward is often a predictor of abuse or violent behavior.
ANSWER: animals
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Domestic Violence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
48. For an act to be considered an assault, to do bodily harm to another must be proved.
ANSWER: intent
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Assault: An Overview
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
49. violence is a pattern of behavior involving physical, sexual, economic, and emotional abuse, alone or in combination, by an intimate partner, often to establish and maintain power and control over the other partner.
ANSWER: Domestic
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Domestic Violence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
50. In general, any that would lead an officer to make an arrest in any other situation also applies to domestic situations.
ANSWER: evidence
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Domestic Violence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
51. The initial phase of the three-phase cycle of violence is referred to as the phase.
ANSWER: tension-building
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Domestic Violence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
52. Love stalkers have no prior relationship with their victim but become fixated on that person, often a celebrity, believing they belong together.
ANSWER: obsessional
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Stalking
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.02 - Explain how simple assault differs from aggravated assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
53. Simple assault must involve the commission of a(n) act toward carrying out the intention.
ANSWER: overt
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Elements of the Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.02 - Explain how simple assault differs from aggravated assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
54. The of assault include the intent to cause injury, the severity of the injury inflicted, and whether a dangerous weapon was used.
ANSWER: elements
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Preliminary Investigation
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.03 - Identify the elements of simple assault, aggravated (felonious) assault, and attempted assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
55. When investigating assault, the investigator should the victim’s information with physical evidence.
ANSWER: corroborate
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Preliminary Investigation
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.04 - List the factors investigators must address to prove the elements of both simple and aggravated assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
56. Compare and contrast the use of mandatory arrest policies for domestic abuse with alternatives to arrest policies. What have studies found in comparing the two issues?
ANSWER: Studies have found that alternatives to arrest may be better in specific circumstances. Arrest can backfire, and mandatory arrest laws can actually compound the domestic violence problem rather than alleviate it. One study found that although households in states with mandatory arrest laws are less likely to experience spousal violence, police in these same states are also less likely to discover such abuse. Mandatory arrest laws may keep people from calling the police.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Domestic Violence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
57. Where did the term rule of thumb originate, and what effect did it have on early domestic violence cases?
ANSWER: The Rule of Thumb standard, adopted by most state courts across the nation during the colonial period, was derived from English common law and permitted men to use any instrument to physically enforce family obedience as long as the object was no larger than the thickness of the man’s thumb. The use of force was an acceptable male privilege, and domestic violence was considered a family matter to be handled privately. The police were rarely, if ever, summoned to intervene. During the 1970s and 1980s, police made arrests in only 7 to 15 percent of the intimate partner violence cases to which they were called; however, by 2000, approximately 50 percent of domestic violence cases resulted in arrests.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Domestic Violence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
58. Describe the relation between the terms battery and assault
ANSWER: Assault is unlawfully threatening to harm another person, actually harming another person or attempting unsuccessfully to do so. In many states, the term assault formerly referred to threats of or attempts to cause bodily harm, whereas battery referred to the actual carrying out of such threats. In most revised state statutes, the term assault is synonymous with battery, or the two terms have been joined in a single crime termed assault. Some states, however, still have separate statutory offenses of assault and battery. Where one statute remains, battery includes the lesser crime of assault.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Assault: An Overview
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
59. Describe how GPS technology is being used to enforce restraining orders.
ANSWER: In Massachusetts, a new law requires an offender who violates a domestic order of protection to wear a global positioning system (GPS) monitoring device. “The GPS helps enforce the restraining order by preventing the batterer from entering ‘liberty zones,’ such as the battered partner’s domicile and place of work, their children’s schools and the residences of extended family members. Probation agents will monitor offenders to ensure that they do not breach these zones. If they do, a record of a restraining order violation will be made, thus making stalking and further violent attacks more difficult. Further, police and the victim are automatically phoned if the offender breaches the battered partner’s liberty zone, thus minimizing the victim’s fears of an unexpected confrontation” (Healy & Barrios, 2007).
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Domestic Violence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
60. Define domestic violence.
ANSWER: Domestic violence is a pattern of behaviors involving physical, sexual, economic, and emotional abuse, alone or in combination, often by an intimate partner and often to establish and maintain power and control over the other partner.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Domestic Violence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
61. Discuss the impact of a poor response or no-response policy to domestic violence cases. What happened in the Tracy Thurman case that highlighted the need for mandated responses?
ANSWER: Failure to respond appropriately to domestic violence can result in serious financial liability to local governments. More and more, victims of domestic violence are suing local governments for failure to protect them. Perhaps the most well-known case is that of Tracy Thurman in Torrington, Connecticut. The police department was ordered to pay almost $1 million because they failed to protect Tracy from her husband, who had a history of battering her (Thurman v. City of Torrington, 1984).
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Domestic Violence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.01 - Define assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
62. Describe cyberstalking and how it has grown exponentially in the last few years.
ANSWER: The Department of Justice defines cyberstalking as the repeated use of the Internet, e-mail, or other digital electronic communications devices to stalk another person. The increased use of digital communication and the perception of anonymity it affords have made this an increasing problem.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Stalking
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.02 - Explain how simple assault differs from aggravated assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
63. Describe the differences between simple and aggravated assault.
ANSWER: Assaults are classified as either simple or aggravated (felonious). Simple assault is intentionally causing another person to fear immediate bodily harm or death or intentionally inflicting or attempting to inflict bodily harm on the person. Aggravated or felonious assault is an unlawful attack by one person on another to inflict severe bodily injury.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Elements of the Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.02 - Explain how simple assault differs from aggravated assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
64. What makes stalking such a unique crime?
ANSWER: Law enforcement faces a unique challenge in addressing and investigating stalking incidents because of the lack of clear definitions of stalking or of the elements constituting the offense.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Stalking
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.02 - Explain how simple assault differs from aggravated assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
65. What are some of the indicators of financial abuse of the elderly?
ANSWER: Some of the indicators of financial abuse of the elderly are:
• A recent acquaintance expresses an interest in finances, promises to provide care, or ingratiates himself or herself with the elder.
• A relative or caregiver has no visible means of support and is overtly interested in the elder’s financial affairs.
• A relative or caregiver expresses concern over the cost of caring for the elder, or is reluctant to spend money for needed medical treatment.
• The utility and other bills are not being paid.
• The elder’s placement, care, or possessions are inconsistent with the size of his or her estate.
• A relative or caregiver isolates the elder, makes excuses when friends or family call or visit, and does not give the elder messages.
• A relative or caregiver gives implausible explanations about finances, and the elder is unaware of or unable to explain the arrangements made.
• Checking account and credit card statements are sent to a relative or caregiver and are not accessible to the elder.
• At the bank, the elder is accompanied by a relative or caregiver who refuses to let the elder speak for himself or herself, and/or the elder appears nervous or afraid of the person accompanying him or her.
• The elder is concerned or confused about “missing money.”
• There are suspicious signatures on the elder’s checks, or the elder signs checks and another party fills in the payee and amount sections.
• There is an unusual amount of banking activity, particularly just after joint accounts are set up or someone new starts helping with the elder’s finances.
• A will, power of attorney, or other legal document is drafted, but the elder does not understand its implications.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Elder Abuse
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.03 - Identify the elements of simple assault, aggravated (felonious) assault, and attempted assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
66. How would you recognize abuse indicators, known as forensic markers, on an elderly abuse victim who is a resident in a long-term care facility?
ANSWER: Researchers funded by the National Institute of Justice examined data from the deaths of elderly residents in long- term care facilities to identify potential markers of abuse. The researchers identified four categories of markers: physical condition/quality of care, facility characteristics, inconsistencies, and staff behaviors
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Elder Abuse
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.03 - Identify the elements of simple assault, aggravated (felonious) assault, and attempted assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
67. List five signs of physical abuse of the elderly and five questions law enforcement officers might ask to determine whether a person is the victim of such abuse.
ANSWER: Signs of physical abuse include:
• injury incompatible with the given explanation
• burns (possibly caused by cigarettes, acids, or friction from ropes)
• cuts, pinch marks, scratches, lacerations, or puncture wounds
• bruises, welts, or discolorations
• dehydration and/or other malnourishment without illness-related causes; unexplained loss of weight
• pallor; sunken eyes or cheeks
• eye injury
• soiled clothing or bedding
• lack of bandages on injuries or stitches where needed, or evidence of unset bone fractures
• injuries hidden under the breasts or on other areas of the body normally covered by clothing
• frequent use of the emergency room and/or clinic
The American Medical Association (Aravanis, 1992) has provided a series of questions to ask related to elder abuse:
• Has anyone at home ever hurt you?
• Has anyone ever scolded or threatened you?
• Have you ever signed any documents that you didn’t understand?
• Are you often alone?
• Are you afraid of anyone at home?
• Has anyone ever touched you without your consent?
• Has anyone ever made you do things you didn’t want to?
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Elder Abuse
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.03 - Identify the elements of simple assault, aggravated (felonious) assault, and attempted assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
68. Describe the special challenges posed by elder abuse or dependent adult investigations.
ANSWER: First of all, determining the prevalence of elder abuse is a challenge because of the lack of data, a problem compounded by a reluctance to report the crime. Some elderly individuals are physically incapable of providing information or may be suffering from conditions such as senility or Alzheimer’s disease that might cause others not to believe their statements. In other cases, victims may fear further abuse or loss of the care of the only provider they have, or they may be embarrassed that their child could mistreat them. Persons of older generations and from other cultures often consider such abuse to be a private family matter, something that is not talked about and is certainly never reported to the police.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Investigating Elder Abuse
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.03 - Identify the elements of simple assault, aggravated (felonious) assault, and attempted assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
69. What are the first actions that an officer should take upon arriving at the scene of an assault?
ANSWER: At a minimum, an officer arriving on the scene of an assault should:
• have backup either with them or on the way until the scene is secure
• control and disarm those involved in the altercation
• provide medical aid to injured people
• separate suspects and victims
• protect the crime scene
• give the Miranda warning if applicable
• obtain preliminary statements
• photograph evidence
• collect and preserve evidence
• reconstruct the crime
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Preliminary Investigation
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.04 - List the factors investigators must address to prove the elements of both simple and aggravated assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
70. Describe some of the special challenges in investigating assaults.
ANSWER: Special challenges in assault investigations include distinguishing the victim from the suspect, determining whether the matter is civil or criminal, and determining whether the act was intentional or accidental. Obtaining a complaint against a simple assault is also sometimes difficult. Moreover, such calls may be dangerous for responding officers.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Special Challenges in Investigation
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.HESS.17.09.04 - List the factors investigators must address to prove the elements of both simple and aggravated assault.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply