Dar Life October 2020 Issue

DIABETES MELLITUS Intelligence & Care by Tasakhtaa Global Hospital

iabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by elevated fasting or post-prandial blood glucose level (hyperglycemia) which is due to either resistance to insulin action or inadequate insulin secretion.

According to International Diabetes Federation and WHO diabetes mellitus is the ninth major cause of death and about 1 in 11 adults worldwide now have diabetes mellitus, the number of people with diabetes has risen from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 and projected to be to around 552 million by 2030. Africa and other middle and low income counties expected to be the epicenter of this epidemic.

How many types? There are 3 major types of DIABETIC MELLITUS with other emerging subtypes, these are; dLJƉĞ ϭ ĚŝĂďĞƚĞƐ͗ DĂŝŶůLJ ĚƵĞ ƚŽ ĂƵƚŽŝŵŵƵŶĞ ĂďŶŽƌŵĂůŝƚLJ ůĞĂĚŝŶŐ ƚŽ ĂďƐŽůƵƚĞͬŝŶƐƵĸĐŝĞŶƚ ŝŶƐƵůŝŶ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĐĂŶŶŽƚ ďĞ ƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĞĚ͕ ŵŽƐƚůLJ ŽĐĐƵƌƐ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ͘ dLJƉĞ Ϯ ĚŝĂďĞƚĞƐ͗ ĚƵĞ ƚŽ ƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŝǀĞ ůŽƐƐ ŽĨ ŝŶƐƵůŝŶ ƐĞĐƌĞƟŽŶͬĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ ŝŶƐƵůŝŶ ƌĞƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ͕ ŝƚ ŚĂƐ ŐĞŶĞƟĐ ƉƌĞĚŝƐƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ŵĂŝŶůLJ ŽĐĐƵƌƐ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ĂĚƵůƚ ŽŶƐĞƚ͘

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Dar Life I OCTOBER 2020

'ĞƐƚĂƟŽŶĂů ĚŝĂďĞƚĞƐ ŵĞůůŝƚƵƐ͗ ƚŚŝƐ ŝƐ ĞůĞǀĂƚĞĚ ďůŽŽĚ ŐůƵĐŽƐĞ ůĞǀĞů ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ƉƌĞŐŶĂŶĐLJ ƚŚĂƚ ƚĞŶĚ ĐĂƵƐĞ ĐŽŵƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ƉƌĞŐŶĂŶĐLJ ĂŶĚ ƉŽƐĞ Ă ƌŝƐŬ ĨĂĐƚŽƌ ĨŽƌ ƚLJƉĞ Ϯ ĚŝĂďĞƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĐŚŝůĚ͘ /ƚ ŝƐ ŽŌĞŶ ĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌĞĚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĂŶƚĞŶĂƚĂů ƐĐƌĞĞŶŝŶŐ͘ KƚŚĞƌ ƚLJƉĞƐ ŽĨ ĚŝĂďĞƚĞƐ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ DĂƚƵƌŝƚLJͲŽŶƐĞƚ ĚŝĂďĞƚĞƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ LJŽƵŶŐ ΀DK z΁͕ ƵĞ ƚŽ ƉĂŶĐƌĞĂƟĐ ĚŝƐĞĂƐĞƐ͕ ƌƵŐ ŝŶĚƵĐĞĚ ĚŝĂďĞƚĞƐ ;^ƚĞƌŽŝĚ ƵƐĞͿ ĂŶĚ ĂŌĞƌ ŽƌŐĂŶ ƚƌĂŶƐƉůĂŶƚĂƟŽŶ ĂƌĞ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝƐĞ͘ What are the sign and symptoms? dŚĞ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ŵĂLJ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ ĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚ ƵƌŝŶĂƟŽŶ͕ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚ ƚŚŝƌƐƚ͕ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚ ŚƵŶŐĞƌ͕ ĨĂƟŐƵĞ͕ ŝƌƌŝƚĂďŝůŝƚLJ͕ ǁĞŝŐŚƚ ůŽƐƐ͕ ďůƵƌƌĞĚ ǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ ůŽǁĞƌ ĞdžƚƌĞŵŝƚLJ ŶƵŵďŶĞƐƐ ĂŶĚ ĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚ ŝŶĨĞĐƟŽŶƐ ŐƵŵƐͬƐŬŝŶ͘ dŚŽƵŐŚ͕ ƐŽŵĞ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ĂƌĞ ĂƐLJŵƉƚŽŵĂƟĐ ŝŶŝƟĂůůLJ͘ ŝĂďĞƚĞƐ ŵĞůůŝƚƵƐ ĐĂƵƐĞƐ ĐŽŵƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ ŝŶ ĞLJĞƐ͕ ŬŝĚŶĞLJƐ͕ ŚĞĂƌƚ͕ ďƌĂŝŶ͕ ŶĞƌǀĞƐ͕ ƵƌŝŶĞ ƐLJƐƚĞŵ͕ ƐŬŝŶ͕ ĨĞĞƚ ĂŶĚ ŝŶ ƉƌĞŐŶĂŶĐLJ͘ >Žǁ ďůŽŽĚ ƐƵŐĂƌ ůĞǀĞůƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵĂ ĐĂŶ ĂůƐŽ ŽĐĐƵƌ ĚƵĞ ƚŽ ŝŵƉƌŽƉĞƌ ŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĞ ƵƐĞ Žƌ ƉŽŽƌ ĨĞĞĚŝŶŐ͘ Diagnosis: By checking fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour plasma glucose during oral glucose tolerance test or through routine antenatal visits.

Who should be tested?

Anyone with aforementioned risk factors, signs and symptoms and those in their

early adult hood can have regular blood testing Risk factors: First-degree relative with type 2 diabetes, High-risk ethnicity like African American, Asian etc, overweight, unhealthy diet, sedentary life style, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Pre-diabetes and History of diabetes in pregnancy etc.

Simple Blood tests, Healthy balanced diet low in saturated fat, low in salt and eating } wLiÀ ` iÌ] vÀÕ ÌÃ > ` vegetables; avoid sugars and lots of carbohydrates, limiting or stopping alcohol consumption, stop smoking, monitor and control the blood sugar level and blood pressure and, regular exercises at least 2.5 to 5 hours per week of brisk walking or aerobics or physical exercise of moderate intensity is enough to prevent grave complications of diabetes mellitus. Maintain normal blood cholesterol level. Use medications for optimal control. Consult with the nutritionist for meal plan.

For more information on a Diabetes Mellitus, please visit Tasakhtaa Global Hospital or call us at call: +255 242 232341.

Pictures Courtesy of Tasakhtaa Global Hospital

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