ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ
ﻙ :١/٢٣ﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺭﺡ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺙ
ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻵﻻﻑ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﻻﻑ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻥ
ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻴﺤﻤل ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻭﻁﻴﻪ ﻭﻟﺨﺒﻁﺘﻪ ﻫﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺘﺴﺘﻐﺭﻕ ﻭﻗ ﹰﺘﺎ ﻼ. ﻁﻭﻴ ﹰ
62 79 94 07 12 85 86 61 88 23 84 65 80 31 74 61 06 68 11 07 77 32 51 27 79
93 63 62 21 20 06 46 70 61 33 48 33 66 50 55 10 68 53 25 45 53 47 62 39 04
01 87 96 80 74 37 63 57 78 45 51 73 96 85 14 01 54 94 40 57 12 94 94 98 59
63 26 05 78 07 69 70 46 98 56 06 01 55 55 63 55 67 96 48 09 12 84 19 94 53
52 17 17 52 27 53 39 08 49 19 44 85 46 71 17 50 66 56 03 49 36 44 49 07 40
95 61 23 42 38 09 64 94 07 93 39 87 38 41 61 68 86 49 31 96 99 49 14 56 14
80 07 56 19 96 06 06 77 60 51 73 79 16 88 98 46 18 67 76 88 40 38 14 33 28
Random Numbers 94 56 48 00 44 11 33 98 94 38 01 71 15 09 49 64 87 19 01 19 44 38 15 50 45 44 60 00 66 50 63 36 35 04 44 99 87 97 57 72 79 69 49 35 46 79 19 76 95 66 00 54 47 39 43 37 80 99 72 90 97 33 34 83 79 28 83 52 05 57 23 06 33 83 77
33 37 80 18 02 03 79 66 09 07 03 17 03 68 43 74 96 93 92 48 09 11 53 47 96
24 85 79 41 81 51 97 56 97 70 40 56 58 98 70 87 16 69 55 48 39 02 76 92 45
18 76 18 37 60 80 70 35 60 11 88 48 53 33 44 48 05 75 74 59 21 37 24 24 31
39 62 64 87 11 89 33 17 68 10 77 95 63 88 69 51 63 77 77 06 17 40 62 91 86
81 03 23 31 20 36 74 22 06 36 86 66 03 51 06 59 75 75 74 44 64 06 85 35 97
71 29 24 44 88 65 66 55 95 48 35 35 48 12 66 07 11 56 45 39 36 32 52 93 29
38 27 34 32 41 95 77 54 33 83 34 58 98 83 56 68 20 26 26 73 34 20 04 33 16
ﺸﻜل ) :(١-٣ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﻭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻴﻔﻭﻥ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻴﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﺎﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﻭﺍﺌﻰ Random Digit Dialingﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻋﺸﻭﺍﺌﻴﺔ
ﻏﺎﻟ ﺒﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻭﺘﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﻭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻴﻀﻴﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ
ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺘﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻰ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ،ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻗﺩ ﻴﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ٧٣٥ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺃﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﺎﻟﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﻭﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺈﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻋﺸﻭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﺼﺒﺢ ،٧٣٥٥٣٨٩ﻭﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ،ﺃﻭ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻏﺏ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻔﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ،ﻭﻤﻥ
ﺃﻫﻡ ﻤﺸﺎﻜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﻭﺼل ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﻓﻰ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﻭﺍﺌﻰ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺘﻠﻴﻔﻭﻥ ﻻ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻭﻓﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺈﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻤﺭﺓ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﺭﻗﻡ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ،ﻟﻜﻰ ﻴﺘﺠﻨﺏ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ،ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﻀﻌﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺩﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻰ
٣٥