Construction and Sustainability Issues
Detail 1
The
first
tower.
It
detail
focuses
on
a
split
section
within
the
highlights the build up off a roof terrace, the
Envelope
Sustainability
louvred facade and an external soffit.
The
envelope
of
the
building
focuses
on
light into the hydroponic growing space.
1100mm
high glulam beam
Proposal The
includes
focuses
on
infrastructure a
hydroponic
the
development
growing
tower
point.
This
of
a
programme
above an adaptable community market place.
situated
The
general
The
building
the
elevated
also
includes
walkway,
terraced
spiraling
above
access the
to
market
The main form of the building and the ‘stepping’ nature behind the design is inspired by the changing terrain of the site. Through a series of level platforms, the market level deals with a 9m difference in the site.
arrangement
diagram
below
the different program layout within the building.
The
building
central
place.
baustrade.
steel
Fixed
to
3mm anodised aluminium profile
proposal
community
galvanised
in
the
core.
form
and
The lower basement, market
program floor level
spirals sees
above
growing spaces on the upper levels.
the and
25mm
timber decking supported batton grid and 50mm pedestals
highlights
around plant
45mm
by
the
achieves it though using floor to ceiling curtain wall glazing sitting between
frame.
structural
Within identity
This
then
set
back
into
the
and
control
frames
visual feature.
the
depth
environment.
internal to
of
project.
prevent
them
The
from
design has
has
been
manifested
the
itself
driving
in
all
force
aspects
behind of
the
friendly benefits which timber brings over using both concrete and steel when comparing the embodied carbon levels.
louvres
becoming
the
This
The use of Glulam frames and cross laminated timber panels is down to the eco-
frames
the structural frame a variety of measures are taken to create the
sustainability whole
construction system.
in
the
The
natural
It
within
600mm x 600mm glulam beam
hydroponic
maximum
timber
EDPM waterproof membrane
room
the
reveal to ensure that the structure is the dominant visual aspect.
3mm powder-coated gutter profile incorporating falls. the
allowing
the
also
The
sit
pre-fabricated nature of the structural components is also driven by the
desire to improve efficiency and reduce on-site waste.
dominant
This has encouraged the
use of measures such as mechanical louvres which can control the internal solar gain.
200mm rigid insulation Vapour barrier 20mm stainless steel hanger 175mm cross laminated timber structural floor Anodised
lovres.
aluminium horizontal by axial rod controlling rotation.
Core
Floor
to ceiling curtain within structural frame
Hydroponic Growing Space
wall
Supported
glazing
Whilst
25mm concrete screed
Plant and Storage
Strategies to Tactics
positioned
Waterproof membrane
Market Level
Legislative Framework the
Approved Documents
set out guidelines to design to, many of the
From
took a different approach to construction.
in the
frame for sustainability credentials remained and was a vital part of the decision
British
standards.
This
is in place to ensure that the materials are fit for
purpose and of sufficient quality.
3mm anodised aluminium profile
Any
600mm x 600mm glulam beam
the strategies to tactics many design decisions changed and the scheme
issues surrounding the materiality of the detailed construction will be set out
However, the materiality of a timber
making throughout.
structural decisions would also have to be made by a qualified structural
engineer under guidance from the
Eurocode documentation.
175mm cross laminated timber structural floor 100mm rigid insulation 20mm stainless steel hanger Vapour barrier Aluminium cavity mesh Rendered
soffit
battons and
The
Detail
Detail 2
1
second
supported
detail
looks
at
45mm
by
15mm soffit board
the
timber
The
connection
Detail 4
between the box roof structure and lightwells
Slatted
timber steel frame
seat
fixed
to
Double
roof
light
with
Gabian retaining walls
2-
50mm
3-
Drainage pipe submerged in gravel channel
4-
Cantilevered glulam beam
EDPM waterproof membrane
5-
3mm anodised aluminium profile
200mm rigid insulation
6-
300mm x 300mm glulam column
Vapour barrier
7-
EDPM waterproof membrane
300mm Timber connection blocks
8-
200mm rigid insulation
Steel sleeve through bolts
9-
Vapour barrier
10 -
175mm cross laminated timber structural floor
11 -
Floor
12 -
300mm x 300mm glulam floor beams
13 -
2no. 150mm x 75m timber blocks
14 -
Aluminium
15 -
Excavated
16 -
Concrete
17 -
Galvanised
anodised
50mm thick stone 50mm pedestals
175mm
cross component
pavers
laminated
supported
timber
on
structural
Service Void 2no. 15mm Plywood with
boards
closing
void
3mm anodised aluminium veneer
25mm timber 50mm battons
perforated
board
fixed
to
Artifical strip light
Detail 3
third
detail
connection
of
line.
40mm Detail
Detail
2
3
focuses
roof
radius
boxes
on
the
along
brushed
the
aluminum
detailed
thick pedestals
stone
paver’s
to ceiling curtain within structural frame
wall
mesh supported close off void space limestone thermal labyrinth pad
supported
by
base
foundation
on
focuses the
glazing
timber
to
positioned
batons
provide
connecting
to
to
natural
limestone
base
steel pad foundation
‘shoe’
providing
connection
to
balustrade
cap
11
25mm toughened glass balustrade 50mm thick stone 50mm pedestals
paver’s
supported
on
6
1
2
Vapour barrier Galvanised steel balustrade channel to 2no. 200mm x 150mm timber packers
5
13
Sedum layer Mixed gravel and soil substrate Filtration barrier 8
9
10
EDPM waterproof membrane
4
12
75mm rigid insulation
14
150mm rigid insulation 300mm Timber connection blocks Steel sleeve through bolts 175mm
cross component
2no. with
laminated
timber
15mm plywood boards 3mm anodised aluminum veneer
Anodised
aluminum curtain wall with incorporated movement joint
17
structural
closing
2 7
fixed
30mm drainage mat
on
market
base,
limestone
glazing
200mm rigid insulation
4
detail within
50mm
EDPM waterproof membrane
Detail
the
used
the
create a base for the timber frame.
galvanised
3mm anodised aluminium profile
The
to
1-
glazed aluminium frame
fourth
system
void
3
channel
16
15
the
foundation
space.
Connecting
pad
foundations
Environment - Energy/Sustainability Strategy Energy Sources and Distribution The
hydroponic growing spaces energy requirements mean that
there is a significant requirement for power throughout both day and night.
As
a central infrastructure point within the emerging community,
the tower is pivotal to the energy provision for both the building
Heating Cooling and Ventilation (Meso Scale)
Heating Cooling and Ventilation (Micro Scale)
Solar Power:
The
diagrams below highlight the heating, cooling and ventilation
The
following diagrams focus on highlighting the environmental
During the day, the de-centralised solar panels within the community housing provides excess power to tower. This provides significant energy for heating, cooling and lighting.
The overall strategy aims to maximise the level of natural ventilation that is used to heat and cool the spaces. However, mechanical
This
focuses on heating, cooling and ventilation along with both
and surrounding community.
Biomass Power:
There
Once
is a two way strategy which sees the project provide energy
for the housing and the process reversed.
strategies for both summer and winter, day and night.
strategies to be employed on a micro scale within the market place.
natural and artificial lighting strategies.
ventilation will be essential in maintaining the correct temperature within the hydroponic growing spaces.
Whilst these identify the passive measures that will be taking place, they also highlight the requirements for mechanical measures.
the solar power is no longer feasible due to light levels,
energy provision is then switched to a biomass power unit which is powered by waste plant material.
This
throughout the provision of power.
maintains minimal pollution
Summer Day Strategy The summer strategy focuses on considering the market as a covered external space, utilising natural ventilation methods as much as possible. Lighting is achieved predominantly though natural measures
Night time power distribution
Day
time power distribution
Summer Night Strategy During the warm winter nights the space will be closed off and relies on mechanical ventilation methods. Lighting will be down to artificial lighting within the roof grid voids.
Lighting Strategy The
project aims to maximise the use of natural lighting within all
spaces.
glazing.
This
Louvres
is evidenced by the vast openings and floor to ceiling
will be used to control the solar gain during the warm
winter months to help maintain the environmental strategy.
The
main spaces where the lighting strategy is prevalent is within
the hydroponic growing spaces.
During the day the layout of floor
plates is intended to maximise the penetration of natural lighting.
Summer Day Strategy
Summer Night Strategy
During the warm summer months the growing spaces will require cooling to maintain the required temperature. Louvres will also be used to reduce the amount of solar gain from the high sun. The market space will be opened up to be treated as a covered external space, allowing natural ventilation to take a primary role in regulating the environment.
During the night the cool summer breeze will be utilised to keep the market space cool. The Hydroponic growing space will require a low level of heating to maintain the required temperature within the room.
The diagram to the right highlights how the floor plates are spaced and the strategies behind. The floor heights on the south facing sides are double height (6m -yellow) to maximise light gains. On the north side of the tower the plates are spaced as single height (3m red) in areas where artificial lighting will be used to supplement the lower light penetration.
Winter Day Strategy During the winter months, the market will be kept as an internal space and rely on heating to maintain reasonable temperature. The low winter sun will provide the main lighting although artificial backup may also be required.
Sound Transmittance & Acoustics Within
Legislative Framework
the design there are limited instance where the sound
transmittance and acoustics are significant to the design.
The
only
instance is in respect of the plant room located below the market.
The
acoustic levels will need to be minimised to prevent sound
transmittance to the market space.
Approved
document
F
governs the ventilation of buildings and is in
place to ensure that all inhabited spaces are adequately ventilated.
This is to ensure a safe living and working environment. One F is
key concern that was highlighted within approved document
the standard of air tightness within the building.
Achieving
a
high level of air tightness will be essential in making the hydroponic growing spaces as efficient as possible.
Approved document L also sets out the guidelines on the conservation of fuel and power.
Winter Night Strategy
Strategies to Tactics The
The cool winter nights will require heating within the space to ensure that it is suitable for use. Lighting will be down to artificial lighting within the roof grid voids.
basic principle established in the strategies part of the design
process have carried through to the final design. form
The
changing
and market layout have allowed for further integration of
light wells and service voids which have provided opportunities for greater natural ventilation than envisaged. ventilation system has carried through.
The main basis of a stack
Winter Day Strategy
Winter Night Strategy
The low winter sun will be essential to the strategy in maximising the solar gain and reducing the amount of mechanical heating necessary. The main energy output will be in heating the growing spaces.
The winter nights will be the most demanding in terms of the energy and ventilation requirements. This is to ensure that the internal temperature is roughly 15 degrees warmer than the external temperature.
Services and Integration Hydronics
Services integration Strategy (Meso)
Strategies to tactics
The axonometric drawing below highlights the servicing strategies which will be applied to the design.
It is clear when comparing the strategies to tactics that
engineering
Water in Marseille is considered a precious resource as it is brought to the area through a series of canals. These will form the initial main source of water on site. As the network develops the tower will be fed directly from the reservoir further up the valley, although
strategy (shown below) has been followed through and
escape
the scheme aims to limit the amount of water needed by filtering and
The main 3m x 3m
Fire Strategy Within
the
strategy.
design,
The
the
plans
use
of
below
a
timber
highlight
frame the
structure
provides
compartmentalisation
routes and distances (yellow) and those element requiring
added
(blue),
pressures places
for
of
60 minutes fire ratings (red).
the
safety
fire
(green),
cleaning collected water.
The
THE FLUE GASES ARE
CLEAN WATER STORED AT
EXTRACTED THROUGH THE CORE
TOP OF CORE TO ALLOW
diagram below highlights how the building plans to collect as
This
will utilised the excess heat from the
main environmental
initial
strategy
helped
inform
the
design
development of the need for a substantial core to allow for stack ventilation principle to be employed.
with chillers and natural ventilation to cool during the winter.
EXTRACTED AND VENTED THROUGH THE STACK
The diagram to the left highlights the schemes approach to maintaining as close to a closed loop system as possible.
VENT
WATER USED FOR
WATER WILL BE DISTIBUTED TO A TANK AT THE TOP OF THE CORE DURING USING SOLAR POWER.
FEEDING PLANTS
THIS WILL ALLOW FOR IT TO BE
GRAVITY FED TO THE SPACES
18m
DURING THE DAY
40m Egress to Street
These
The
has informed the design decisions made.
centralised core which help distribute the
biomass boiler to warm the air in the summer, along
EXCESS HEAT IS
H and G.
15m
spaces.
UTILISING THE WARM GASES
DELIVERY
much rainwater as possible, in accordance with approved documents
in the designs development.
vertical circulation will focus around a
ventilation required to heat and cool the hydroponic
TO CREATE A STACK FLOW
FOR GRAVITY FED
the servicing element of the design has been fundamental
WATER PUMPED TO
Egress to Upper Street Level
16m
BIO-MASS FLUE GASES USED TO CREATE SITE WIDE
TOP OF CORE USING
WINDFLOW
SOLAR POWER FOR 17m
23m
SOLAR PANEL CREATE
STORAGE
ENERGY FOR THE SPECIALIST
EXCESS HEAT PURGED
LIGHTING
WATER TANKS COLLECT RAINFALL AND PROVIDE
HORIZONTAL RUNS WITHIN
STORED POWER USED OVERNIGHT
THE TOWER ARE EXPOSED AND ATTACHED TO THE
20m
STRUCTURE PROVIDES ADAPTABLE SHADING
SOFFITS
ALLOWING FOR CLIMATE CONTROL WITHIN GROWING SPACE
CAPTURED CARBON
45m
RELEASED IN GREENHOUSES
WATER SUPPLIED FOR
RAIN WATER IS COLLECTED AND FED IN
Egress to Lower Street Level
WATER TANKS
IRRIGATION
STACK EFFECT CRETES WINDFLOW ACROSS SITE
ELEVATED WALKWAY RECIEVES
TURBINES GENERATE
SHADING CREATING A COMFORTABLE ENVIRONMENT
ELETRICAL SUPPLY WILL
ELECTRICITY
BE DISTRIBUTED AT FLOOR
WARM AIR IS DRAWN
LEVEL WITH THE MAIN
INTO THERMAL LABYRINTH DUE TO
COOL AIR COOLS
CABLE RUN OCCURING ON
LOW PRESSURE
PUBLIC SPACE
THE FLOOR BELOWS
Ground Floor Level
Market level
The ground floor accomodation is for service use only. The spaces include the plant room to the south and storage to the north. The rooms will incorporate sprinkler systems to protect the market level above.
CO2
SOFFIT
CARBON CAPTURE PROCESS WORKS WITH NATURAL AIR FLOW
Escape from the market space will be via the
TURBINES GENERATE
lower street levels.
AFTER GROWTH
WATER STORAGE AND
From the South East
corner, the travel distance reaches the maximum
ELECTRICITY
PLANTS PROCESSED
main access doors to both the uppper and
EXCESS WATER SUPPLIED TO HOUSING
CLEANING
NEW PLANT MATERIAL FOR GARDEN
45m for teo directions of escape.
WATER STORAGE AND CLEANING
EXCESS WATER SUPPLIED TO HOUSING
BIO-WASTE FROM GARDENS
BIO-MASS PROVIDE
BURNT TO CREATE POWER
POWER AND HEAT TO
EXCESS HEAT GOES TO INTER-SEASONAL HEAT STORES AND HOUSING
BUILDING
WASTE ASH USED AS FERTILISER
HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL SERVICE RUNS
WATER USED FOR IRRIGATION OF PLANTS INTER-SEASONAL HEAT STORE INTERACTS WITH THERMAL LABYRINTH
HEATING AND COOLING DISTRIBUTION WATER DISTRIBUTION 7m
9m
FLUE GASES ELETRICAL DISTRIBUTION
Services integration Strategy (Micro) Egress to Elevated Walkway
14m
EXTRACTED AIR IS EXPELLED
The
diagram
below
identifies
the
main
servicing
strategies at a micro scale for the market space.
THROUGH THE BUILDINGS STACK 20m
The
main distribution of services occurs within the void space of the roof structure.
This
strategy allows for the services to be concealed
and dos not effect the aesthetical strategy of the space.
Egress to Market Level
15m
15m
HEATING AND COOLING SUPPLY AND EXTRACT IS DELIVERD FROM THE CORE AND DISTRIBUTED FORM THE ROOF BOX VOIDS
NATURAL LIGHT ENTERS THROUGH THE LIGHTWELLS
AIR INTAKE USES A NATURAL THERMAL LABYRINTH BELOW THE
Terrace Level
MARKET TO
Tower levels
The terrace level incorporates the
PRE-CONDITION THE AIR
Within the tower, the core is considered a place of safety and a compartment. This means
private access to the hydroponic tower.
Internal escape is via the core as a seperate compartment.
FOR HEATING OR COOLING
that travel distances are calculated to the lobby entrance.
THE VOID SPACE WITHIN THE BOX STRUCTURES PROVIDES THE MAIN
Legislative Framework The
main
document
which
Fire Equipment
legislates
the
document though distances are
focuses
on
controlling within
travel
a
reducing the
scheme.
distances,
and occupancy levels.
fire
the
materials,
The
main
industry
in
risk
of
casualties
fire
strategies issues
protection
of
facing
and
- 2sqm/person - 5sqm/person - 30sqm/person
travel
the
design
structural
timber
Travel Distances - Shop & Commercial - 1D - 18m - 2D - 45m - Industrial & Storage - 1D - 25m - 2D - 45m Occupancy Levels - Shop & Commercial - Industrial - Storage
terms
B: Fire Safety. This
of fire design is the approved document
Within
the
design
there
will
be
many
control, prevent and fight any instances of fire.
- Sprinklers: Located
in
both
the
measures
hydroponic
and markets to control any potential fires.
-
Fire
Extinguishers: throughout the building. - Dry Riser: A each
level
the design.
- All
to
Fire
to
One
of
spaces
The
main
aimed
growing
with
greatest
challenges
circulation
will
access to multiple levels.
extinguishers
will
be
provided
in
a
design
In
utilise
platform
lifts
which
to
has
allow
HEATING AND CHILLING
case of fire, evac chairs will be
UNITS WILL CONDITION THE
fire
fighting
due
to
the
height
of
exposed timber structure will be treated with an intumescent
60m fire rating to work along side the charring qualities which glulam provides.
AIR.
of safety.
Within
lacquer to provide a minimum of
the
stepping levels is the disabled provision and integration.
used within the market to allow for aided escape to a place
dry riser will be provided in the main core at assist
HORIZINTAL DISTRIBUTION FOR SERVICES
Disabled Provision
the
THESE WILL BE
POWERED THROUGH THE tower
a
disabled
refuge
lobby to allow for an assisted escape.
will
be
placed
in
USE OF HEAT CREATED
the
FROM THE BIOMASS BOILER
SMOKE DETECTORS AND SPRINKLERS
ARTIFICIAL STRIP LIGHTS
ARE TO BE PLACED WITHIN THE BOX
ARE UTILISED WITHIN THE
STRUCTURES.
BOXES VOID SPACE
ELETRICAL POWER IS DISTRIBUTED AT FLOOR LEVEL
EXCESS POWER SUPPLIED TO HOUSING
Structure and Integration
Modular Structure The
axonometric
structural
Structural Strategies
Made
The
exploded
highlights been of
the
employed the
which
structural within
design can
axonometric
be
the
focuses easily
within a difficult site.
drawing
strategies
design.
on
The
which timber
creating
constructed
below
modular
through
laminated
diagram
component
from
braced
Structural Loads
glulam
the
timber
that
below
highlights
create
the
beams
shear
core
composite
columns,
walls
plates.
floor
and
This
the
and
the
the
provides
which resists the dead and live loads applied.
structure. frame
active a
Through
different
structure,
is
on
the
cross
of
splice
structure
diagram the
utilising further joining plates
on
quick
a
the
emphasis bolts
right
erection
on
of
below
section
highlight
identifies
the
the
different
lateral
live
loads
loads
which
that
will
will
be
be
applied
applied
to
the
through
The axonometric describes how the design deals with implied dead loads.
structural
wind
to
the
the
for the
diagrams
The
vertical structure.
use
in
two
system.
placed
The
as
allows site
The
glulam
is
techniques.
and
fabricated elements.
have
modular
a
pre-
nature
a
structure
and
replicated
Live Loads Due to the vertical nature of the design, one of the most significant loads that the structure will encompass is the live loads applied by the wind.
600mm x 600mm Glulam column
Hydroponic Tower
These lateral loads will test the strength of the structure and foundations, creating a pivoting effect. The core of the design incorporates diagonal bracing columns along with shear walls.
Galvanised steel connection
The hydroponic tower is a modular Glulam and cross laminated timber structure. The system
600mm x 600mm Glulam beam
makes construction in a mountainous environment
Stainless steel bolts
simpler through pre-fabrication.
These elements should help transfer the lateral loads into the vertical loads transferring down the columns
The main programme o the space - hydroponic farming - dictates the overall aesthetic of capturing as much light as possible. Consequently,
to the ground.
the facade utilises floor to ceiling curtain
wall glazing resting in-between the prominent structure.
The spaces will also include the use of Louvre systems to regulate the internal temperatures. adaptable
Dead Loads - Axonometric The dead loads call into play all of the core elements which make up the structural frame. The cross laminated timber flooring transfers the loads to the horizontal beams.
These then in-turn transfer the load
to the columns and ground.
Beams
The timber structure will have more deflection than a steel equivalent, meaning that the size of individual members will have to be further increased.
Bracing Core Wall Columns Structural Floor Plates
Roof Terrace The roof terrace is a public space for the community which provides stepped access to the highline.
The paved surface and sedum border
Modular Roof Structure
provides an adaptable space for planters and external market stalls.
The decision to use a modular box structure was down to two main factors:
- An adaptable structure which allows varying thickness above and below - Incorporation of servicing strategy for market below
The roof
Roof Box Structure
exploded
axonometric
structure
consists
through brackets and bolts.
diagram
to
the
left
highlights
the
components
of. The cross laminated timber boxes are This creates a form which gains composite strength.
which
joined
Assembly
Phase 1: Initial base
Phase 2: Erection of columns, beams and core
Phase 4: Glazing modules inserted
Phase 5: Sequence is repeated in next floors
together
The
diagrams below explain the assembly process that the modular tower construction
would encourage.
The modular cross laminated timber box
structures provide a composite structural space-
The
frame.
This becomes the main structure providing the market roof and terrace base.
diagram
integration distribution penetrate
Through the use of post-tensioning, the element
below
with of into
highlights
the
servicing
service the
pipes.
deep
way
in
strategy.
The
floor
effect to purge warm air.
the
use
The
of
plan,
which void
lightwells
along
with
an
the
roof
space also
box
structure
allows allows
opportunity
for
the
provides horizontal
for
natural
for
creating
light a
will aim to reduce the number of structural columns in the space whilst dealing with the changing roof and floor heights.
the
The structural
to
stack
The pre-fabricated nature of the design would encourage a floor by floor This would allow for minimal site storage and the employment of unskilled labor of those migrating to the area. construction method.
Site Access Due to the nature of the site and the main access to site occurring under bridge, the scheme will aim to prefabricate as much as possible to limit nery on site. This will also focus on a just-in-time approach to ensure that storage is reduced.
the canal the
machi
voids will also provide vital space for the
environmental servicing of the market below.
In-situ v Prefab The scheme will look to utilise pre-fabrication reasons: - Quicker construction on site - More sustainable & efficient than in-situ - Reduce time on site - Improves quality - Reduce on-site waste and limits deliveries
Market Levels Through a series of levels, the market space
where
possible
for
the
following
provides an adaptable venue upon the journey through the site.
Dis-assembly The dis-assembly
The use of multiple levels, allows for zoning within the market allowing the space to be further
fabricated
and
This
also
of
structure nature
of
at the
place in reverse order of construction.
broke down and intimately inhabited
will
improve
separated later in life.
Foundations
the
employed within the development to respond to
The storage The
and plant spaces utilise a raft foundation.
tower a raft and pile hybrid system and the market space a lightweight pad system.
The main purpose behind the foundation
developments is reducing the amount of on-site work and quantity of concrete required.
Integration The
integration
strategy design. it
chosen.
of
was
Both
informed
The
Legislative Framework services
and
influential
within the
the
tower
structural
environmental
throughout and
systems
the
the market
which
were
The
framework
The the
becomes
ventilation
of
the
service
paramount
within
the the
to
design.
core
the
use
This
environmental
within
the
of
stack
was
vital
when
designing
Within
the market place the use of the adaptable
needed for an eco-friendly growth space.
structural
boxes
was
servicing the public space.
driven
by
the
strategies
need
of
which
supports
the
The
progression
the
The
initial
structural side of construction comes in two parts. approved document
A covers structure under Eurocode documents
building regulations and the
prominence
tower
legislative
Strategies to Tactics
are
European standards governing structural systems.
between
the
strategies
and
significant changes in regards to structural strategy.
core.
This reasons:
strategy strategy
focused would
on
not
suspending have
fit
in
the with
tactics
timber the
phase
of
structure
developed
the
design
from
system
a
concrete
for
numerous
- The concrete core would have taken significant on-site construction - The modular system would not have worked in the way in which the strategy was developed
- The developed design does not uses a self-supporting exo-skelton - The developed design focused on greater pre-fabrication
saw
the
end
design.
sustainability
Phase 3: Floor plate placed in structure
A variety of foundation systems are to be the differing needs of the scheme.
the
modular
of
of
This
the
it
life
will
will
allow
scheme
as
benefit for
the
from
demolition components
the
pre-
to
take
can
be