Ukadike, N. F., 76, 105 Under Capricorn (1947), 61 Underdog (2007), 32 United Artists, 27–8 United Kingdom, see Great Britain United States anti-Americanism in Indonesia, 84–5 cinema audiences, 124 communication studies, 79 distribution and exhibition, 97 early cinema, 6 “First Cinema”, 89 French imports, 77 further reading, xviii, 73, 107, 133 government intervention, 23 Hmong diaspora, 131 Marxist film theory, 52–3 McCarthyism, 24 New Hollywood, 26–8 Reagan era ideology, 102, 104 sound, 16 student/labor unrest, 90 telenovelas, 116–17 wartime censorship, 97 see also Hollywood Universal, 18, 144n8 Use and Gratification Model, 81 Usmar Ismail, 84 Van Cleef, Lee, 26 Van Damme, Jean-Claude, 78 Vertigo (1958), 56, 61, 62 Vertov, Dziga, 36, 42, 45, 47, 93 Vidas secas [Barren Lives] (1963), 90 video films Hmong diaspora, 131 Nigerian, 65, 68–9, 92, 93, 95, 125, 126–7 Vincendeau, G., 35 violence, 79–80, 81, 111
viral marketing, 32–3 voyeurism, 59, 61, 62 Wall Street (1987), 99, 102 Wanted (2008), 30 Wedlock of the Gods (2007), 69 Week End (1967), 25 Welles, Orson, 40, 47, 48 westerns, 22, 26, 35, 77, 88 Western theory, xi, 72, 105–6 Westlake, M., 62 Wiene, Robert, 11 Wilder, Billy, 39 Willemen, P., 57, 72 Wollen, Peter, 55 women filmmakers, 145n3 Hitchcock’s films, 62 male gaze, 59 Nigeria, 125–6 Woo, John, 30 working classes audience studies, 110, 111 British social realism, 25 early cinema, 6 Indian audiences, 124 Indonesia, 97 Italian neo-realism, 46 Marxism, 50 Xala (1974), 94–5, 105 Yellow Earth (1984), 30, 105–6 Yojimbo (1961), 22, 26 Young Mr. Lincoln (1939), 52–3 YouTube, 98 Zavattini, Cesare, 46 Zhang, Yimou, 30
index
167