be the directions for further activities and new MOU part nerships? How should MOU partners identify appropriate environmental projects? The opportunity at this confer ence to consider the combination of strategic concerns and environmental challenges should contribute to the answer. The partners will be interested in hearing your thoughts.” Dr. Kent Butts, the concluding speaker, addressed the topic of “Civil-Military Cooperation on the Environment.” “What we have seen in the panel thus far, is that those United States government organizations most appropri ately involved in promoting civil-military cooperation have developed a relatively common focus in executing their mis sion. When they discuss the opportunities for the United States to work with another country, they ask certain ques tions about appropriateness. Certain variables must be present if the program is to be undertaken and successful. Similarly, when other countries consider civil-military cooperation on the environment, they should ask certain common questions about its appropriateness. I will address some of those questions today. “Before I raise these questions, I want to point out that the model used to teach strategy at the Army War College has three components: Ends, Ways, and Means. A success ful strategy identifies the desired end state, a concept for reaching that end state, and the most often overlooked question, what resources are required. If we want to see en vironmental improvement and minimize environmental threats to security, then we need to provide the necessary resources. When they are not available, it is often advisable to bring in the military to cooperate with civil authorities. When is it appropriate to do so?
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