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I N T R O D U C T I O N
or as its defense attorney in an international court of public opinion where the facts as we see them don’t matter much. Here, the September 11 attacks were a joint plot of the CIA and Israeli intelligence. Violence in Iraq is not failed policy, but a deliberate American plan to occupy Muslim land and steal oil. The Israel-Lebanon War was a brazen attempt by the United States and Israel to send a violent message to Muslims by killing Lebanese civilians. Such assumptions extend even to native-born European Muslims. Among many British Muslims, the July 7 London subway bombers weren’t murderers, but innocent young men framed by the police (though they’ll often add that Britain deserved the attacks anyway). After seven years of reporting on this subject, I came to an unsettling truth: The Al-Qaeda-inspired view of an evil America bent on destroying Islam has moved from the fringe to the mainstream. Today, America’s enemies are not the wild-eyed radicals I had imagined, but are often moderates— and many of those whom we thought were our friends are now some of our most virulent detractors. Positive views of America— already anemic— have grown slimmer and slimmer. A 2007 poll by the U.S.-based Program on International Policy Attitudes in four Muslim countries (Egypt, Morocco, Pakistan, and Indonesia) found that 79 percent believe the United States seeks to “weaken and divide the Islamic world.” Strong majorities (64 percent on average) even believe it is a U.S. goal to “spread Christianity in the region.” Between 2002 and 2007, the Pew Global Attitudes Project found that the number of people who rated the United States favorably declined in twenty-six of thirty-three countries. By 2007, in nine countries less than 30 percent of the population rated the United States positively. Eight of them
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