ROMAN ARCHITECTURE.
I23
increased, being usually the whole width of the temple, which was used as a museum for Greek statuary and as a treasure As the architraves were supported by the enclosing walls store. on the flanks, temples could also be built on a larger scale than in the Greek style. Nothing definite is known as to the ceilings, but these may have been of coffering in stone as in the colonnades, of open timber-work as in the basilicas, or vaulted as in the Temple of Venus and Rome at Rome (No. 50), the Temple of Diana at Nimes (No. 50), and the Temples at Spalato. The abolition of the encircling colonnade and the continuous stylobate of steps resulted in a certain loss of unity in comparison with Greek examples, which in most cases were isolated and visible from all sides whereas the Roman temples were specially intended to be seen from the forum or open space upon which they usually faced, the front being therefore made important by the deep portico and flight of steps. No consideration was given to orientation as in Greek examples. Circular and polygonal temples were also used by the Romans, ;
being probably derived from Etruscan examples.
Rectangular Examples. At Rome. The Temple of Fortima (No. 49,
Virilis
Date. ico
B.C.
A
Pseudo-peripteral
Ionic.
A, B, c).
Remarks. temple plan.
Roman
typical
te-
Now the church of Maria Egiziaca. Corinthian. Three-columns and a pilaster remaining (page 125). trastyle.
S.
Temple of Mars Ultor (the Avenger) (Nos. 52 and 67 g). The Temple of Concord {^o. a^-]'^).
The
B.C.
42-2
B.C. 27-A.i).
14
Corinthian. Pseudo-peripteral prostyle-hexastyle. Unusual plan, having celia twice as
wide Castor and Pollux. as Jupiter Stator (Nos. 47'^, 67 A and 68).
The Temple of Also known The Temple of
J'espasiaii{^o.
j^f'^^).
A.D. 6
as long.
Corinthian.
Peripteral oclastyle
with front portico. columns remaining. A.D. 94
Corinthian.
Three
Prostyle-hexastyle.
Three columns remaining. a.d. 141 Corinthian. Temple of Antoninus and Pseudo-peripteral Faustina (Nos. 52 I, J, K, L, and prostyle-hexastyle. Now the 68 E~). church of S. Lorenzo. The Temple of Venus and Rome A.D. 123-135 Corinthian double Peculiar (Nos. 47", and 50 A, B, c. d). temple (page 125). The Temple of Saturn (Nos. 47^^, a.d. 284 Ionic. Pseudo-peripteral proand 49 L, M, n). style-hexastyle. Eight columns
The
At Athens. The Temple (Nos. 18
J,
oj
Jupiter Clympius
43
a).
At Nimes. The Alaison Carree (Nos.
remaining. (See page 90.)
18 G, A.D. I17-138 (See page 125.)
50 H, J, K, 51). The Temple of Diana (No. 50 F, G).
b C. 174
K,
(Seepage 125)