Cow Country News - December 2022

Now that the days are a little shorter, I have more time to read the newsletters that hit my inbox or mailbox and catch up on my backlog of industry related podcasts I have been meaning to get to. There seems to be a significant uptick in trying to define what is maternal whether it be in sale catalogs or articles talking about the ideal commercial female. Very frequently, that definition relies heavily on a visual description that includes moderate frame, good udders and plenty of capacity. Cows that are too big don’t fit my environment. Udders that break down are a liability to a cow herd. There also needs to be some capacity to these cattle or they will be very susceptible to falling out of the cow herd in the dry years. Those are all very good generalizations of what a cow should look like. However, none of those descriptors indicate what a “mater nal” cow should be able to actually do.

If you have ever met me in person, one thing will become very apparent to you instantly. I am certainly an outlier in the population for height. As much as I would like to attribute my 6’7” frame to the nutritional merits of above average beef consumption in my developmental years, I think the gallon of whole milk per day growing up (and 3-4 a week still) has just as much to do with it as anything. A childhood of nutrient dense protein consumption paired with forced child labor on the farm and a little bit of run ning and weight lifting in my later years have left me still in decent shape as a 6’7” 32-year-old well past his athletic prime. Due to my height, I get asked all the time if I played basketball (I can hold my own), but if I replied telling you instead I swam at a high level you would believe me without hesitation. Much like the visual descrip tion of what a cow should look like, I would say I probably fit the visual description of a washed-up competitive swimmer. The truth is, if we went more than down and back at a swim meet, a team of third graders would probably beat me with ease. I don’t have much trouble keeping my head above water at the pool or the lake but I am far from a “swimmer.” At the highest levels of competition, most athletes do tend to look alike if the outcome is determined by a stop watch or a measuring tape. Due to years of specified training, swimmers, marathoners, sprinters and shot putters tend to have frames and physiques identical to one another in their respective events. In timed and measured events, there aren’t the same level of team politics or dynamics that can be blamed for an individual’s lack of success in a given sport. You didn’t fail to reach your athletic potential because the “coach didn’t like you” and someone else started over you. The clock doesn’t lie. The data is there to tell you who is better than whom and everyone can see it.

Despite the countless times I walked past the swim team facilities in Louisville and Knoxville on my way to play pick-up basketball, a coach never saw me and ran out from behind their desks and begged me to swim for them because I looked a certain way. How ever, far too many people (nearly everyone) start their evaluation based on looks when it comes to their cow herd. As an industry,

we have the cow herd data to give us tools to select for mater nal functionality in cattle. If we select for heifer fertility, calving interval, and production at weaning, a cow will tell us exactly what she needs to look like to be successful in a certain environment. Much like athlete’s bodies will adapt to look a certain way through training over time, a population of cattle will adapt to look a certain way through breeding over time if selected with consistent objectives. Just because a cow looks a certain way does not mean she will be successful. In fact, I have found that those breeders that make the data an afterthought when it comes to maternal selection and select visually for that broody “look” have actually taken their cattle in the wrong direction when it comes to maternal efficiency metrics Much like me in the pool, they don’t perform like you may expect despite visual indicators. When we select on data for generations of what maternal should do, we find a look very similar but with a much different outcome. In our cow herd, we have a popu lation of cows that at 6 years old are 1250-1300 lbs. and 51-52 inches tall. They have a natural thickness to them and are very clean made and attractive cattle. They are structurally sound on feet and legs that allows them to travel the pastures well, and they have udders under them that don’t break down. They also produce calves the market wants to buy because they are made the right way and not too short or too soggy.

If you want to move your commercial cow herd in the direction of maternal functionality and not just maternal look, track a little bit of data and draw some hard lines in the sand when it comes to your principles. Track your birth dates and weaning weights so you can calculate 205-day adjusted weaning weights on your calf crop (this is the cow equivalent of checking the clock in a track meet). Breed your heifers at 15 months of age to calve at 24 months old and if they don’t breed, get rid of them. Pregnancy check your cows and if they don’t fit your calving season ship them as well. This a very elementary starting point with several nuances (that I am happy to talk through with you over the phone), but it is an important one. You also have to select your bulls and purchase replacement females from a breeder with the same philosophy and principles. If you don’t, what are you doing is no different than throwing me in the pool instead of on a basketball court and asking me to do anything other than embarrass myself. It probably isn’t going to go well. If you select on what you think a functional female should look like, you will get cattle that look a certain way but have no selection towards performance or maternal efficiency. If you select on performance and maternal criteria, you will get cattle that will tell you what they need to look like to perform in their setting. Distinguishing between the two is the difference between qualifying for the Olympics and getting beat by a bunch of third graders.

K. Lowe II

Contact joe.lowe@icloud.com for an additional monthly newsletter

Joe

PRESIDENT

Cary King

250 Bright Leaf Drive Harrodsburg, KY 40330 (859) 613-3734

PRESIDENT ELECT

Andy Bishop

6135 High Grove Road Cox's Creek, KY 40013 (502) 350-7609

VICE PRESIDENT

Jeff Pettit

5745 US Highway 41 S Seebree, KY 42455 (270) 836-2963

TREASURER

Ken Adams 90 E Horseshoe Ave. Upton, KY 42784 (270) 734-1443

PAST PRESIDENT

Chris Cooper

2140 Tates Creek Road Richmond, KY 40475 (859) 200-7711

KCA PROGRAM CHAIRMAN

Daniel Hayden 6333 Herbert Road Whitesville, KY 42378 (270) 570-2815

KBC CHAIRMAN

Joe Lowe PO Box 205 Smith’s Grove, KY 42171 (270) 202-4399

KBN

KCA PAST PRESIDENTS:

1972-73 Jere Caldwell† - Boyle 2002 Jack Kimbrough† - Shelby

1974-77 Smith T. Powell† - Lincoln 2003 Mark Williams - Crittenden

1978-79 Larry Lovell† - Union 2004 Paul Napier - Lincoln

1980-82 John Masters† - Mason 2005 Eddie Young - Washington

1983-85 Seldon Hail† - Laurel 2006 Greg Ritter† - Barren 1986-87 Bob Vickery† - Wayne 2007 Don Pemberton - Christian

1988 Glenn Mackie - Bourbon 2008 Billy Glenn Turpin - Madison

1989 Dale Lovell† - Muhlenberg 2009 Scotty Parsons - Christian

1990 Steve Henshaw† - Union 2010 Corinne Kephart - Shelby

1991 Jerry Fraim - Grayson 2011 Greg Robey - Mercer

1992 Glen Massengale† - Wayne 2012 Mike Bach - Bath

1993 Dell King - Christian 2013 Don Reynolds - Hart

1994 Kenneth Lowe - Warren 2014 Steve Downs - Marion

1995 Dr. J.L.Cole - Monroe 2015 Gary Woodall - Logan

1996 Harvey Mitchell - Mercer 2016 David Lemaster - Clark

1997 Jim Naive† - Spencer 2017 Chuck Crutcher - Hardin

REGION 1

Bobby Bell*.................................270-547-8547

Buddy Cook.................................270-275-1274

Ashley Holloway.................................................

Leland Steely...............................270-339-3476

Don Pemberton...........................270-889-3855

Wayne Zoleman...........................270-315-7812

Mark Heimgartner........................270-875-2585

Jeremy Armstrong......................270-668-2056

Blake Munger..............................270-293-8830

Sara Roberson............................270-668-2428

REGION 2

Adam Maulden*..........................270-590-1005

Dennis Smith..............................270-590-2840

Trent Jones.................................270-590-5266

Chuck Crutcher...........................270-272-6269

CHAIRMAN*

Allan Bryant

BEEF SOLUTIONS CHAIRMAN*

Jeff Pettit

*ex officio

1998 Shelby Hughes - Logan 2018 Bobby Foree - Henry

1999 Hoppy Lovell - Barren 2019 Tim White - Fayette

2000 Charles Miller - Jessamine 2020 Steve Dunning - Christian

2001 Larry Clay - Perry 2021 Chris Cooper - Madison

Allison Nissley.............................270-403-3205

Steven Green...............................270-528-1720

Maggie Vaughn...........................270-590-8017

Mike Bullock................................270-792-9644

Corbin Cowles.............................270-991-2534

Kirk Cecil.....................................270-692-7698

Isaac Thompson.........................270-789-8712

Rayetta Boone.............................270-230-5488

Andy Joe Moore..........................270-590-0841

Brian Manion...............................270-868-0253

Phyllis Gentry..............................502-331-1146

REGION 3

Allan Bryant*..............................502-548-1379

Allen Phillips...............................502-220-0948

Wanda Hawkins..........................502-321-5602

Phillip Douglas............................502-552-0688

Larry Bryant................................502-845-4615

Amanda Hall................................859-333-5001

Nicole Goecke.............................606-782-2263

Maynard Stetten..........................502-609-4986

Kevin Perkins..............................502-269-7189

John Allison................................502-220-3170

Michelle Simon..................................................

REGION 4

Randy Warner*............................859-771-5280

Lisa Baesler................................859-509-5020

Tim White....................................859-509-5401

Amy White...................................859-227-2552

Donovan Pigg..............................502-229-9187

Bruce Witt...................................859-585-8889

Jodi Purvis..................................606-336-3540

Mike Ravencraft...........................606-584-0310

Brandon Sears...................................................

Danny Callahan...........................859-388-0910

REGION 5

Adam Chunglo*..........................859-613-2985

Herman Benge.............................606-862-6451

Tommy Spalding..........................270-402-9157

Dean Craft....................................606-634-0191

Brent Ware..................................606-305-8612

Rick Brewer.................................606-682-2352

Danny Ray Spalding....................859-336-0444

Gary Ford....................................270-402-2194

Aaron Burke................................859-265-1172

Ryan Miller..................................502-827-5027

C. Mike Spalding..........................270-699-6587

Jared Foley..................................270-585-1331

Dave Maples Executive Vice President

photo by SaraVard Logan Von Gruenigen Garrard County

Presidents Thoughts

Cary King KCA President

Hard to believe I am writing my December article! I trust that you and your families have had a good year. I am seeing prices at these bred heifer sales near $1,900, so prices are getting pretty good. It has been a busy time as I have been blessed to work along side your great staff at KCA. I am very excited about the future of our industry in Kentucky, we are working on some projects that I feel could really change how we do things. I hope you realize what a talented and dedicated group you have working on not only cattle related issues, but issues that affect all of the good people of Kentucky, and even the nation.

We had the opportunity to attend the Region 1 meeting of the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association (NCBA) in Columbus, Ohio in early November. I was told that they haven’t had this meeting in several years. Sometimes you wonder if it’s going to be worthwhile attending a meeting that takes four hours to drive to, but I thought it was great and very much worth our time. We heard updates on cattle related issues from NCBA Region 1 Vice President from Indiana, Tim Schwab, Chief Executive Officer Collin Woodall, and Vice President of Government Affairs in Washington, Ethan Lane. They spoke very plainly about all the threats and opportunities that out industry faces. Every person in attendance had opportunities to speak, ask questions, and offer suggestions on a wide range of topics very important to all of us. I want to thank Tim and all who had a part in planning this time together and special thanks to those at the Ohio Cattlemen for hosting. We talked about Kentucky hosting this event next year and I sure hope it will now become an annual event.

I strongly recommend that each of you consider getting involved with NCBA, attend their meetings, learn, contribute to conversations and help make useful changes to how we run our industry. We need everyone’s positive input to move us forward.

I guess if you are reading this you are a member of KCA. Be sure you add your spouse to your membership, and tell your friends how valuable membership is, and suggest that they join.

Be sure you attend our 2023 KCA convention being held in Lexington on January 5-6 at the all-new Convention Center. Rooms are available at the Hyatt downtown. If it has been awhile since you have attended, or maybe you have never been, please join us as we need your ideas, thoughts, and it’s always so educational. We have great speakers, a huge trade show that is always fun, and you will see friends you haven’t seen for a while and meet new ones.

Then in February let’s go to New Orleans to the NCBA convention. These meetings are where things get done, be a part of the process!

As I’m writing this article, it’s nearly Thanksgiving. As we head toward the Christmas season, try to take a few minutes now and then to slow down, thank the Lord for the many blessings that we all enjoy, and spend time with your friends and family. And most of all celebrate the birth of our Lord and Savior Jesus, without Him we would have no hope, but with Him, we have it all!

If I can be of any help to you, or attend a event, please let me know, thanks for allowing me to serve.

King

Kentucky Cattlemen’s Association President

859-613-3734 cell • 859-278-0899 office

Cary

THE UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE

Ryan Quarles Commissioner of Agriculture

You should have received the 2022 Census of Agriculture, which was mailed in November, and you have until Feb. 6, 2023 to respond. This survey, conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), is a complete count of U.S. farms and ranches and the people who operate them. The survey is for all producers, even those with small plots of land – whether rural or urban – growing fruit, vegetables or some food animals count if $1,000 or more of such products were raised and sold, or normally would have been sold, during the Census year.

The Ag Census, taken once every five years, looks at land use and ownership, operator

characteristics, production practices, income, and expenditures. For America’s farmers and ranchers, the Census is their voice, their future, and their opportunity.

The Census provides the only source of uniform, comprehensive, and impartial agriculture data for every state and county in the nation. Producers can show the nation the value and importance of U.S. agriculture and influence decisions that will shape the future of their industries.

For Kentucky farmers, it’s a way to be heard and noticed in a world that gets continually cluttered with opposing views daily. Many grant monies and federal funds are allocated on the basis of

data collected during the Census. Making sure everyone who supports agriculture throughout the state is counted is Kentucky’s best way to get the funding it needs to continue to have farming success.

The Census isn’t just a tool for USDA’s use. It’s used by those who serve farmers and rural communities; federal, state, and local governments; agribusinesses; researchers; trade associations; and many others.

Ag producers can use Census data to make informed decisions about their own operations, from production practices to marketing.

Companies and cooperatives use the data to determine where to locate facilities that will serve agricultural producers.

Community planners use the information to target needed services to rural residents.

Legislators use Census data when shaping farm policies and programs.

Students, educators, and researchers use the data as part of their ongoing studies, education, and research initiatives

NASS will mail the 2022 Census questionnaires to ag producers starting in November to collect data for the 2022 calendar year. Producers can respond online or return their completed questionnaires by mail. Responses are due by Feb. 6, 2023. NASS will send reminder notices to those who do not respond and may attempt to contact those producers for a personal interview. Response to the Census is required by federal law.

NASS will release 2022 Census results in 2024. Detailed data will be available for the 2022 and earlier censuses in electronic formats for all states and counties, and Puerto Rico. A full schedule will be available in the summer 2022 at www.nass.usda.gov/AgCensus.

You can find Census data online at www.nass. usda.gov/AgCensus. The information is also available through a searchable online database, quick stats, downloadable data highlights, maps, and a variety of topic-specific products. Reports can be viewed at the local NASS field office in your area and at many depository libraries, universities, and other state government offices.

To find out more about the 2022 Census of Agriculture, go to nass.usda.gov/AgCensus.

Thoughts From Dave

Dave Maples Executive Vice President

50 years and counting. It speaks volumes for cattlemen, members, leaders, volunteers, and staff that the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Association will be celebrating the Association’s 50th year in 2023. It has been a long road with many bumps and a lot of success. Numerous people can take pride in saying that they have had a hand in the growth of the association. Just to keep an organization financially viable for this period of time is an accomplishment in itself. Just think about all the various opinions and personalities that we have in the beef industry and to be able to come to somewhat of a common solution has been a stretch many times but the association has been able to withstand and make it for fifty years. That is an accomplishment.

It is time to think about the KCA convention. This year the convention is early, on January 5th and 6th and will be in Lexington. I hope you will make time to attend. This is a wonderful opportunity to network with your fellow cattlemen. I have used this example many times. My Granddad built his bull sale business back in the 50’s by attending and participating in his state Cattlemen’s Association. Today

his great grandson is selling bulls to some of those same families. As Warren Beeler told our Livestock Marketing class when I was a student at WKU, “you have to get off the tractor and go make a sale.” The KCA convention is a good place to build your network.

If you are not interested in the operation of KCA or politics, the KCA convention has one of the very best beef educational sessions on Thursday morning that you can attend. The Beef Efficiency Conference has become the one easy place to get that continuing education that we all need. Believe me, our industry is changing and it will change even more with the advancements in technologies. If you are going to be in the food industry, and you are, when you have cattle you will need to know about these new technologies. I go to a lot of meetings but the speakers at the beef efficiency conference are the ones that I like to listen to. I remember Dr. Dan Givens speaking 5 or 6 years ago and he explained a vaccine protocol that made sense to me and I use it with my cow herd all the time.

The Forages at KCA is another one of those educational sessions that you should have on your list to attend. Most often this session is always full.

From a political point of view 2023 will be a big year for Kentucky. What can you say other than the Governor’s race will be a hot one. The republican primary will be a very interesting race with so many candidates. You can already see the divide taking place and there will be some hurt feelings because people don’t want to tell you no. They will tell you one thing and do another.

The Commissioner of Agriculture’s office has always been important but with the changes being made to the Ag Development Board this office is now very important. On Friday afternoon during the convention, you will have time for a question-and-answer session with the Commissioner of Agriculture candidates at a Candidate’s Forum.

I hope everyone has a happy holiday season and Merry Christmas. Hope to see you at the KCA Convention in early January.

Lexington

KY Hereford Autumn Harvest Sale

Saturday, December 3, 2022 12:00 PM

Holiday Bazaar 10:00 AM 2:00 PM

Profit Thru Performance

Monday, December 5, 2022 2:00 PM

Lexington CPH Sale

Wednesday, December 7, 2022 5:30 PM

Monthly Cow Sale

Wednesday, December 21, 2022 6:30 PM

East

Monthly Cow Sale

Friday, December 2, 2022 6:30 PM

Richmond

Hog, Goat & Sheep Sale

Monday, December 12, 2022 1:00 PM

Campbellsville

Monthly Cow Sale

Friday, December 2, 2022 7:00 PM

Monthly Cow Sale

Friday, December 16, 2022 6:30 PM

South

KY Cert Hereford Influence Sale

Thursday, December 1, 2022 10:30 AM

Monthly Cow Sale Friday, December 16, 2022 6:30 PM

HappyHolidays

From all of the livestock auction and dealer members of the Kentucky Livestock Marketing Association, we wish you a Merry Christmas. We appreciate the support of our customers in trusting the auction method to market their livestock and look forward to working with you in the new year.

BARREN COUNTY NEWS

Submitted by James Bailey

The Barren County Cattlemen’s meeting was held Thursday evening October 20th, 2022, at the Barren County High School Trojan Academy. During the meeting Mr. Vaughn Holder of Burkmann Nutrition presented

Submitted by Don Wilson

The Barren County Cattlemen’s Association cooked steaks for The Barren County Farm Bureau Annual Banquet on September 24th. The cooks pictured are Robert Siddens, Bob Gerring, Carol Spiegl, Ken Wininger, and Don Wilson

FRANKLIN COUNTY NEWS

Submitted by Crystal Harrod

The Franklin County Cattlemen’s Association held their Annual Membership Meeting Oct 13th at the Harrod Family Farm. Before the meal, attendees viewed some of the registered Charolais yearling bulls and embryo transfer calves the Harrod family produces. The Franklin County Conservation District, Shelby Vet Clinic and Blue Grass Stockyard Lexington sponsored the meal for the 84 members and guests. Tara Watkins from Firmly Rooted Flowers Farm provided beautiful table center pieces from her vast selection of cut flowers grown next door.

Todd Akers, FCCA and FCCD board member gave an update on the Conservation District including their local & state cost-share opportunities. Jimmy Chambers, the new Woodford County FSA Director introduced himself and provided a brief update. Darrh Bullock, UK Beef Cattle Genetics Extension Specialist, presented a Power Point presentation on choosing herd sires using EPDs and explained the benefits of genomic testing. Dr. Alex Hagan DVM from Shelby Vet Clinic wrapped up the evening discussing fall herd health.

On August 31, 2022, members of the Franklin County Cattlemen's Association traveled to the City of Hindman located in Knott County to cook for the Eastern Ky flood victims (below).

JESSAMINE COUNTY NEWS

TWIN LAKES NEWS

Submitted by Steve Peddicord

The Twin Lakes Association held its fall quarterly meeting at the Clinton County Extension office in Albany. A record crowd for our membership was present with many new members joining that night.

A beef chili meal kicked off the program with some wonderful desserts furnished by the local Clinton county Homemakers. The education session of the program was highlighted by Dr. Michelle Arnold, UK Ruminant Extension Veterinarian. She updated the group about concerns for the Asian Longhorned tick and how it needs to be managed by cattle producers. In addition, Chris Mason with the KY Dept. of Fish & Wildlife spoke about many issues involving the upcoming deer season, deer control tag process, and chronic wasting in deer herds.

During the business session it was discussed that our association is working on a joint proposal with Blue Grass Stockyards of Albany to provide mature bull BSE testing. Many producers do not have adequate facilities to check mature bulls prior to the breeding season. By offering a twice a year (spring and fall) bull checking day at the stockyards, this would greatly benefit our producers.

Fundraising possibilities for 2023 were discussed and the membership is looking forward to several cooking opportunities next year beginning with May (Beef month) and monthly cooking thru the October Foothills Festival.

In November we recently completed our fall mineral program. This member-only program is in cooperation with Burkmann Feeds of Glasgow. TLCA members can purchase UK Beef mineral, protein tubs, and deworming products at group prices. This fall our order for mineral was over 11,000 pounds with almost 25% of the membership participating.

Jessamine County Beef Cattle Association were at it again. Cooking and giving out free food. This time we were cooking for the Youth Fall Classic show at the Blue Grass Stockyards. We provided hamburgers, baked beans, chips, cookies and drinks.

Submitted by Doug Marshall

LINCOLN COUNTY NEWS

Submitted by Tyler Miller

The LCCA directors and officers gathered together on October 27 for the Pastor to Pasture Tour. Each of the directors and officers invited their Pastor along for a day of farm tours throughout Lincoln and Garrard county. The event started off with a steak dinner prepared by Ag Credit of Stanford. LCCA past President, Buddy Pence and his wife Melinda were gracious enough to open their place up to host our luncheon. With prayer and a short devotion from one of the Pastors, lunch was served and great fellowship followed. After lunch the group traveled to Greg Kirkpatrick’s farm where we heard about his farming operation and viewed a large bale feeder. Jacob Settle from KBN did a great job talking about the importance of CPH sales and the local USDA was also in attendance as we learned of programs through their office available to producers. Next we stopped at Ronnie Caudill’s farm. Here the group got to see a bale of hay get wrapped with plastic and learn how and why Ronnie built his working facilities the way he did. Ronnie runs 30 plus head of cattle on his 50 acre farm where he also raises all of his own feed. We learned the management Ronnie puts into his operation. Once the talks and demos were completed the group got to view the 18 tractors Ronnie has collected over the years. Ronnie made mention that each one starts and runs! One of the groups favorite tractors was the Farmall H that was built by “Rosie the Riveter” while the men were off at war. Following Ronnie’s tour was a wonderful farm tour at Vice President of LCCA, Jeff Morris’s farm. Jeff gave top notch presentation to the group where everyone got to take a wagon ride across his farm that showcases some spectacular views! Jeff gave the history of the farm and showed some projects him and his father had worked on. One of them being how they had converted a manual head chute over to an automatic style that worked off of air instead of hydraulic. They had used old tobacco presses and fabricated the head chute to run off the old tobacco air press. Our last stop for the day was at Marksberry with a tour of the processing plant. Preston Correll gave an outstanding tour of the facilities showing how it has changed over time. Preston did a fabulous job answering questions and explaining the step-by-step process of the facilities.

Reproductive Failure in Cattle-Frequently Asked Questions about Leptospirosis

Dr. Michelle Arnold UK Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory

“Reproductive failure” is an all-encompassing term if a cow loses a calf during pregnancy or if she fails to get pregnant. Causes of reproductive failure are often divided into infectious and non-infectious categories. Examples of “noninfectious” include poor cow nutrition (lack of energy and micronutrients such as selenium/ Vitamin E); bull infertility, disease and injury; breeding season management (shortened breeding season, insufficient bull-to-cow ratios); genetic and some congenital abnormalities that result in fetal death; and toxic agents such as nitrates, phytoestrogens, and drugs including steroids and prostaglandins. “Infectious” causes are bacteria, viruses, protozoal and fungal agents that directly or indirectly damage the placenta and/or the fetus. Examples include the BVD virus, IBR virus, the protozoan Neospora caninum and many species of the bacterium Leptospira, among many others. This series of articles will explore the most common infectious causes of abortion and reproductive failure in cattle and available options for control and prevention.

What is Leptospirosis or “Lepto”? Leptospirosis is a complex bacterial disease commonly associated with abortions, stillbirths, premature births and infertility in cattle. However, this bacterium also causes sickness and death in cattle, dogs, sheep and horses worldwide and is an important zoonotic disease affecting an estimated 1 million humans annually. Farmers, veterinarians, and those working in meat processing facilities are at highest risk to contract the disease.

What causes leptospirosis? The disease is caused by a unique, highly coiled, Gram negative bacterium known as a “spirochete” belonging to the genus Leptospira (Figure 1). These “leptospires” are highly motile due to their spiral shape and, once inside a host animal, they enter the bloodstream and replicate in many different organs including the liver, kidney, spleen, reproductive tract, eyes and central nervous system. The immune system will produce antibodies that usually clear the organism from the blood and tissues rather quickly except from the kidney. Leptospires take up residence primarily in the kidney and can be excreted in the urine for months to even years after infection, depending on the species of Leptospira and the animal infected. Less frequently, leptospires persist in the male and female genital tract and mammary gland of females and may be excreted in semen, uterine discharges and milk.

How do cattle become infected with leptospires?

Figure 1: Electronic image of Leptospira interrogans. Obtained from the CDC Public Health Image Library. Image credit: CDC/NCID/HIP/Janice Carr (PHIL #1220). : Electronic image of Leptospira interrogans. Obtained from the CDC Public Health Image Library. Image credit: CDC/NCID/HIP/Janice Carr (PHIL #1220).

Transmission of the organism is most often through direct contact with infected urine, placental fluids, semen or milk. However, transmission may also occur by coming in contact with areas contaminated with infected urine, such as stagnant ponds or swampy areas with standing water. The leptospires survive in the environment for long periods of time (approximately 6 months in the right conditions) in stagnant water as well as in warm and moist soils but die quickly when dry or in cold temperatures. Entry into the animal may be through penetration of intact mucous membranes such as through the mouth and the conjunctiva of the eye, or through damaged or water-softened skin. The organism may also be transferred during breeding and also during pregnancy from dam to fetus.

Which animals carry (“host”) this organism and are responsible for spread of disease? This is where the complicated life cycle of this organism must be explained in order to understand the wide range of disease symptoms that may be observed in cattle. To begin, it is important to distinguish two different types of “hosts”; 1) maintenance or reservoir hosts and 2) incidental or accidental hosts. A “maintenance host”

is an animal that can carry and spread the leptospirosis organism but not experience any obvious sickness from it. These are also known as “reservoir hosts” because this animal’s immune system allows the leptospires to survive and duplicate themselves then be excreted in urine and spread to other animals. Maintenance hosts for leptospires are often wildlife species including skunks, rats, raccoons, and opossums but can be domestic animals (dogs) or livestock (pigs, cattle), depending on which type of leptospire (known as a “serovar”) is involved (Table 1). For example, cattle serve as the maintenance host for the Leptospira serovar called “Hardjo type hardjo-bovis”, often abbreviated as “Hardjo”. Transmission from one infected cow to another healthy cow with serovar Hardjo is efficient, and the infection rate can be very high in an unvaccinated herd. When a cow is initially infected with serovar Hardjo, she may exhibit a few mild signs such as low fever but there will be very little antibody production by the immune system and the leptospires will stay primarily in the kidney and be persistently shed in her urine for a prolonged period (months to years). In addition, the organism can also localize in male and female reproductive tracts and be shed in semen and uterine discharges.

An “incidental host” or “accidental host” is an animal that gets infected with a Leptospira serovar not normally found in that animal (infected “by accident”) which results in clinical disease that may be severe. Incidental hosts are not reservoirs of infection and transmission of the organism is uncommon within a herd. Infection of an incidental host usually occurs in areas contaminated with urine from maintenance hosts. For example, cattle are incidental hosts for the Leptospira serovar “Pomona” which is carried by feral swine, opossums, skunks and raccoons (the maintenance hosts) and transmitted to cattle from water or feed contaminated with their urine. Once infected, cattle (especially calves) with Pomona often show significant signs of disease, the immune system rapidly produces antibodies and there is a short carrier state in the kidney when cattle shed the organism in urine. What are the symptoms of leptospirosis? Clinical signs or symptoms of disease in cattle depend on which Leptospira serovar is involved and if cattle serve as a maintenance host or incidental host for this specific type. There are over 250 serovars of Leptospira but the two most important serovars affecting cattle in North America are Hardjo and Pomona, with Grippotyphosa, Canicola and Icterohaemorrhagiae much less frequently diagnosed. Most bovine leptospirosis is caused by the serovar Hardjo, which causes infertility and reproductive failure. Cows infected with Hardjo are twice as likely to fail to conceive and they experience a significantly longer time interval from calving to conception.

Infection in pregnant cows with non-Hardjo strains, mostly Pomona and Grippotyphosa, results in abortions (usually late term), stillbirths, or birth of premature and weak infected calves. Retention of fetal membranes may follow abortion. Lactating dairy cows may exhibit “milk drop syndrome”, characterized as a drop in milk production for 2-10 days where the milk

has the consistency of colostrum, thick clots, yellowish color, and high somatic cell count, but the udder remains soft. In calves, a severe, rapidly progressing disease may occur when infected with incidental serovars, especially Pomona. Symptoms of high fever, extreme weakness, red urine, rapid breathing due to anemia and death are all possible.

How is leptospirosis diagnosed and treated? Diagnosis of this disease is not necessarily a simple task. Traditionally, two blood samples (in red top blood tubes) drawn at least 1 week apart after an abortion are submitted to measure antibody “titers” (numbers) against the most common serovars. Incidental infections (for example, Pomona) will cause a rapid rise in antibody titers over time that are diagnostic. However, since cattle are the maintenance host of serovar Hardjo, the antibody numbers often remain low when reproductive failure is due to Hardjo. Vaccination also confuses the interpretation of results because blood tests do not differentiate antibodies produced due to infection or antibodies due to vaccine. Therefore, multiple types of tests may be required to rule this disease in or out. Currently, urine is the preferred sample as it can be tested for leptospires through a variety of assays, especially PCR, to identify the organism. Animals diagnosed with leptospirosis can be treated with injectable longacting oxytetracycline to clear the organism from the kidney. Research is ongoing if additional treatment is needed to clear infections within the genital tract.

What methods are used to control and prevent leptospirosis in cattle? New infections are best prevented through vaccinations administered at a young age with products containing the most common serovars affecting cattle. The leptospirosis fraction of most reproductive vaccines is often denoted as “L 5” in the vaccine name, representing

Hardjo, Pomona, Grippotyphosa, Canicola and Icterohaemorrhagiae. In addition, several vaccine manufacturers have added extra protection against serovar Hardjo type hardjo-bovis and this is denoted with “HB” in the vaccine name. Spirovac® (Zoetis) is a vaccine for Leptospirosis only, specifically for the prevention of infection by Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo type hardjobovis, including reproductive and renal tract colonization, and prevents urinary shedding for up to 12 months. It is worth mentioning that cattle already infected with leptospirosis must be treated with antibiotics first to remove the organism before vaccination is effective. Control is accomplished by prevention of exposure, annual vaccination and antibiotic treatment if indicated. Reduction of cattle exposure to infected urine, especially fencing off stagnant ponds and swampy areas, and preventing urine contamination of feedstuffs will significantly reduce transmission of the organism. Personal protective equipment should be worn when working with cattle suspected to be infected to prevent human disease. Consult your veterinarian for detailed advice regarding diagnosis, treatment and prevention of leptospirosis and other reproductive diseases.

THE YARDS is an education center focusing on the science and practices of the beef industry. Educational opportunities provide a unique learning experience based on its location in the Blue Grass Regional Stockyards Marketplace. This environment fosters complex thinking, experiential learning, and life skill application.

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Table 1: Common Leptospira Isolates in Ruminants

SPECIES

L. borgpetersenii Hardjo (type hardjo-bovis)

failure)

dogs L. interrogans Canicola Dogs Cattle L. interrogans Icterohaemorrhagiae Rats Dogs, cattle, swine

L. interrogans Bratislava Pigs, mice, horses Dogs, cattle, horses

L. interrogans Hardjo (ttype hardjoprajitno) Cattle-Europe only (milk drop) Sheep, goats

Kentucky Agriculture At Mother Nature’s Mercy As Drought Conditions Worsen, Mississippi River Traffic Slows

Aimee Nielson University of Kentucky

LEXINGTON, KY. -- Kentucky farmers, especially in the western part of the state, are experiencing drought conditions worse than the 1980s. Combined with increased input costs, a bevy of natural disasters and historically low levels on the Mississippi River, University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Food and Environment specialists are concerned about the winter and even the coming spring.

“Higher input costs have driven up production costs for livestock,” said Jeff Lehmkuhler, UK beef specialist. “This drought has resulted in no fall pasture forage growth, leading to farmers feeding hay earlier than usual.”

Lehmkuhler said those pastures will likely see plant losses which has implications for the next growing season.

“We’ll probably see a slower spring green up and farmers will have to feed hay longer than usual and they’ll also need to renovate some pastures,” he added. “Thankfully, most areas did see a rebound in hay yield after the dry weather in June, so they do have hay available. We will also have to closely monitor the body condition of spring-calving cows as they won’t gain lost condition back as quickly as hay quality is generally lower than fall pasture.”

He added that producers will likely have to supplement nutrition if hay quality is marginal so they can help cows maintain body tissue during lactation. Producers can contact their local county extension office to discuss options for hay testing.

The Mississippi River is crucial for Kentucky agriculture. Barges transport exported soybeans. With the record-low water levels, traffic is slowing as barges run aground on sandbars in unprecedented numbers

“The river hasn’t been this low since the 1980s, maybe longer,” said Chad Lee, director of the UK Grain and Forage Center of Excellence. “This has already hurt the local price for soybeans. On Oct. 17, there were 51 barges parked at Hickman, Kentucky, while crews dredged the riverbed to

clear debris so they could pass.”

He said the dry weather has made for easy corn and soybean harvest. Much of the grain has dried down on its own, but Lee emphasized that the river situation has highlighted the fact that farmers really need their own storage.

Lee said barge prices have jumped due to the slowed traffic.

“Grain farmers are taking up to $1 per bushel off of the soybean price to ‘pay’ for barges. Some are instead stockpiling soybeans to wait until barge prices drop. But, if you’re a farmer without onfarm storage, you have to take the cut.”

Lee said it’s hard to see the ups and downs the past year has thrown at Kentucky farmers.

“A cattle and grain farmer recently told me that he had more money in the bank from 2021 than ever before in about 40 years of farming,” he said.

“This spring, he spent all of it on input costs.”

UK agricultural meteorologist Matt Dixon said recent rains in the state have not been enough to make a difference.

“The highest accumulations were seen along a thin strip from South-Central to Northeastern Kentucky, some picking up an inch or more,” Dixon said. “Unfortunately, the hardest hit drought areas across Western Kentucky stayed below a quarter of an inch.”

With little chance of rain soon, conditions will lead the state into a fifth straight week of belownormal precipitation. Nearly half of Kentucky is in a moderate drought according to the U.S. Drought Monitor. Severe drought is slightly expanding in Western Kentucky.

Tom Miller, Ballard County extension agent for agriculture and natural resources, grew up in Kentucky and moved away for a time, but has been back for the past 20 years. He said this is the worst drought he’s seen. His county hasn’t had measurable rainfall since early August.

“We got timely rain through mid-July and most of the corn pollinated,” he said. “The north side

of the county was really good; there was a lot of 200-bushel corn, but the south side of the county was 100- to 150-bushel, mostly because of one rain event.”

Miller said the county was one good rainfall away from a bumper corn crop and one event away from a complete failure. But soybeans are a different story.

“Soybeans are really hurt since we haven’t really had any rain since August,” he said. “Fortunately, we are not dependent on barges to transport our crop since we can just drive it a short way to Cairo, Illinois. We’ve gone ahead and planted the wheat crop in dry soil. It won’t come up until it rains. Hopefully, we get enough to get it up and growing.”

Dixon said Kentucky is not alone in this battle for adequate moisture. Add to that windy conditions and farmers have the perfect recipe for harvest-time fires.

“Much of the Lower Mississippi Valley is in the same boat as us, getting drier by the day and below normal rainfall is expected over the second half of October,” he said. “Take precautions during harvest to prevent fire. Have fire extinguishers on hand and possibly, another source of water. I’ve already heard of several fires, and breezy winds combined with low relative humidity won’t help matters.”

Miller said he’s concerned with Ballard County cattle producers already feeding hay like it’s the middle of winter. In that vein, Lehmkuhler stressed that farmers need to take inventory of their hay supply now and calculate how much they will need for the rest of the winter into spring.

“If you wait until you need it, you’ve waited too long,” he said.

A useful tool for cattle producers is the UK Beef Cow Forage Supplement Tool at http:// forage-supplement-tool.ca.uky.edu/. This online tool helps producers estimate forage intake and supplementation rates.

2022 hay harvest at a University of Kentucky farm in Lexington. Many farmers are already having to feed hay. Photo by Matt Barton, UK Agricultural Communications Specialist.

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USDA ANNOUNCES FUNDS TO EXPAND PROCESSING CAPACITY

FOLLOWING NCBA ADVOCACY

WASHINGTON (November 2, 2022) – Today, the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association commended the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) following Secretary Tom Vilsack’s announcement of over $223 million in grants and loans to support small to mid-sized processing facilities.

“NCBA has long advocated for expanded processing capacity to provide cattle producers with additional options for turning their cattle into high-quality beef. Today, the cattle industry needs more targeted capacity in high-need areas, and we look forward to these facilities launching and expanding operations,” said NCBA Senior Director of Government Affairs Tanner Beymer. “We appreciate USDA working with NCBA to strengthen the marketplace and support America’s cattle producers.”

Today’s announcement is the first round of investments in additional meat processing capacity totaling $73 million across 21 grant projects. NCBA has advocated for funds in the form of grants and low-interest loans to help small and mid-sized processing facilities open their doors and expand existing capabilities, all to increase competition and strengthen the beef supply chain. In total, the federal government has announced a combined investment of $1 billion allocated to the Meat and Poultry Processing Expansion Program, workforce development, and technical assistance.

NCBA HAILS WHITE HOUSE FOCUS ON PROTECTING FOOD AND AG SECTOR

WASHINGTON (November 10, 2022) – Today, the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association (NCBA) hailed the signing of the National Security Memorandum to Strengthen the Security and Resilience of U.S. Food and Agriculture, which will allow the federal government to identify the threats facing our food supply and enhance national preparedness and response.

“Our agricultural sector faces a variety of threats that could inhibit cattle producers’ ability to bring beef from pasture to plate,” said NCBA CEO Colin Woodall. “NCBA appreciates the Biden administration’s focus on identifying threats and developing new ways to mitigate them. Together, we can protect our industry while ensuring that all Americans have access to wholesome foods like beef.”

TheNationalCattlemen’sBeefAssociation(NCBA)hasrepresented America’scattleproducerssince1898,preservingtheheritageandstrength oftheindustrythrougheducationandpublicpolicy.Asthelargest associationofcattleproducers,NCBAworkstocreatenewmarketsand increasedemandforbeef.Effortsaremadepossiblethroughmembership contributions.Tojoin,contactNCBAat1-866-BEEF-USAormembership@ beef.org.

The memorandum instructs top government officials, including the Secretaries of State, Defense, Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, Health and Human Services, and Homeland Security, the Attorney General, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Director of National Intelligence, and the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy to identify threats to the food and agriculture sector and coordinate with federal, state, local, and tribal governments to develop responses.

Ahead of the memorandum signing, NCBA CEO Colin Woodall attended a pre-briefing at the White House yesterday that included discussion of key security issues for the cattle industry—tools like the National Veterinary Stockpile, which helps prevent the spread of disease and aids recovery, and cybersecurity and worker training programs that support the continued operations of other members of the beef supply chain.

“I am particularly pleased to hear that the administration is making security and resiliency decisions based on data. These data-driven decisions are the ones we can support,” said Woodall.

Think Ahead to Meet Winter Hay Needs

Tom Keene UK Plant & Soil Sciences

Hay availability in Kentucky may be short this winter because of multiple, compounded issues. The variability of yield, quality and number of cuttings indicate the hay supply could get tight. It is important to protect the hay crop you have and use it wisely— that smart conservation and planning will help make hay last longer through the winter.

Due to weather events—droughts and floods—both hay quality and yield are down. To ensure an adequate amount of hay, farmers should enact several measures. Store hay inside a barn, where it will remain dry. Remember to store hay in barns that have access in all types of weather. If that is not feasible, cover with a tarp to protect from the elements. Buy hay by the ton if possible and require certified stamped weight. Testing is the first step to knowing how much will be necessary to meet the nutritional needs of the animals they feed, from horses to cattle to goats. Hay is tested primarily for crude protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, total digestible nutrients and relative feed value. Get your hay tested by the Kentucky Department of Agriculture to determine if you need to buy additional hay. For more information, refer to University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service publication “Interpreting Forage Quality Reports,” at http://www2.ca.uky. edu/agc/pubs/id/id101/id101.pdf.

Farmers typically feed hay from mid-December until mid-March, approximately 110 days, though that will vary due to weather, pasture conditions and the needs of different animals. To reduce waste, you should get hay, whether round or square bales, off the ground, either by using pallets, feeders or hay carts. Doing this will help you reduce wasted hay by almost half. If that is not possible, feed in long rows so hay is immediately consumed, rather than leaving a round bale out for animals to pick at over time. They will consume the center of the round bale, which has remained dry and protected, first, and that judicious eating will greatly increase waste.

To determine hay needs:

• Calculate the number of days animals will need feed.

• Weigh a random sample of bales using scales at feed mills or truck stops so you know the average weight of your bales.

• With the results of a hay test, calculate how many pounds each animal will need daily.

• Determine the total amount of hay the herd will require over the winter.

Forward planning and good management practices will help ensure an adequate hay supply during the winter. Because hay is a commodity, with a price that relies on supply and demand, it is unlikely that prices decrease in the coming winter months. So, if you do not have enough, you should buy it now, before more buyers move into the market. A tight supply, plus possible hay purchases from bordering states, may possibly elevate what are already high prices. Straw is also likely to be expensive.

As we prepare for 2023 and our 28th Annual Bull and Female Sale, we are excited about this group of bulls. We are eager about working with you, our past and new customers. We want to serve you in finding the bull or female to meet the needs of your operation.

We feel this year’s set of bulls are our best to date with emphasis on structural correctness, foot quality, maternal strength and docility. With our goals of high fertility every bull has a fertile female behind him. We are excited about the quality of cattle selling but we are eager to serve you in helping our customers findinng the cattle they desire.

Look for ads in Cow Country this winter and other cattle publications. Visit our website as videos will be viewable late January. Call, or email for sale catalog. We also have a select group of bulls for sale this fall for private treaty.

Optimizing the Utilization of Remaining Pastures

Chris Teutsch UK Grain and Forage Center of Excellence, Princeton, Kentucky

polywire to allocate only enough forage for the predetermined time period. It could be 1, 2, 3, or more days. The shorter the time period the better utilization you will get. Since pastures are not actively growing during the winter months, you can start at your water source and no back fencing is needed.

Expert Tip #1: When strip grazing, never take your forward fence down until the back fence (new one) is up. If you do, the cows will be on the other side of the pasture!

You will need the following items to strip graze with:

1. Two reels with polywire with dual purpose handles

This has been a tough year in many parts of Kentucky with several long and dry periods that have resulted in limited forage this fall. In years like this we need to optimize the use of limited forage that we do have. As everyone knows, stockpiled tall fescue is the most economical way to feed cows during the winter months. Once stockpiled growth has accumulated, how you choose to utilize it can dramatically impact how many grazing days you get per acre. Research in Missouri showed that giving cows access to only enough forage for 3-days versus 14-days resulted in a 40% increase in grazing days per acre. The following tips will help to get the most out of your remaining pastures.

Graze pastures that contain warm-season grasses first. Although we often like to think of pastures as monocultures, they are often complex mixtures of cool- and warm-season grasses, legumes and weedy forbs. If pastures contain warm-season grasses, use these first since their quality will decline rapidly as we move into winter.

Graze pastures containing clover next. We are always happy to see clover in pastures. However, in a stockpiling scenario it does not hold up to freezing and thawing as well as tall fescue. So graze grass-cloves mixtures before pure stands of tall fescue.

Save pastures with primarily tall fescue for later grazing. Tall fescue is by far the best grass for stockpiling in terms of maintaining its nutritive value as you head into winter. So graze pure stands last.

Strip graze tall fescue. At this point in time, strip grazing is probably the most important tool that you have for extending grazing. As mentioned above, limiting access to stockpiled forage can significantly increase grazing days per acre. Strip grazing usually starts at the water source and then uses a single strand of electrified

2. Temporary fence posts, one every 25 or 30 feet depending on the terrain

3. A small solar charger if you do not have ready access to an existing electric

4. A temporary grounding rod for the solar charger

5. A good fault finder to check your voltage.

6. Cattle trained to electric fence! If your cattle are not used to electric fencing and polywire,

it is essential to train them prior to strip grazing.

To many producers that have not strip grazed, the idea of moving a temporary fence two or three times a week or even once a week can seem overwhelming. However, once you are set up it really goes pretty fast and the pay back is huge—a free day of feed every time you move the fence. Is it less work than feeding hay? Probably not less, but just different and the pay back is much better!

Stretch pasture with hay. In most cases, stockpiled pastures will be higher in forage quality than most of the hay that we make. Feeding some hay while grazing stockpiled pasture can help stretch your remaining pasture and at the same time the stockpiled or winter annual pasture can act as a supplement for the lower quality hay.

The last thing that I want to mention about utilizing strip grazing is how often you move the fence needs to fit your schedule. Many producers work off the farm and it is dark when they leave and dark when they get home. So, for them it makes sense to move the fence once a week on Saturdays or Sundays. It is important to remember that grazing systems need to benefit not only the pasture and cows, but also you!

Training Animals to Electric Fencing

• Expose animals in a secured area

• Setup temporary fence around perimeter

• First experience should be safe but memorable

• Usually trained in 1 to 2 days

Training Area

Secure Perimeter Fence Temporary Fencing

Figure 1: Strip grazing stockpiled grass can extend grazing by as much as 40%.

Start at water source and allocate ONLY ENOUGH forage for 2-3 days

FENCING TIPS

Train livestock to electric fencing. Since electric fencing is a psychological barrier rather than a physical barrier, livestock must be trained to respect it. Choose a well fenced holding paddock and install an offset wire about 30 inches above the ground. Make sure the energizer and grounding system are optimized to deliver a knee buckling and eye watering shock. Once animals are trained to the offset, set up a strand of polywire near the end of the paddock. Livestock should be fully trained within 48 hours. Animals that cannot be trained to respect electric fencing should be culled.

FORAGE MANAGEMENT TIPS

• If available, graze crop residues and cover crops that will not overwinter.

• Begin grazing stockpiled pastures. Graze pastures with orchardgrass and clover first. Save pastures with tall fescue for late winter grazing.

• Use polywire to strip graze pastures. Starting at your water source allocate only enough forage for 2-3 days. No back fence is needed during the winter months.

• Make plans to frost seed red and white clover onto closely grazed pastures in February.

• Test hay and develop supplementation strategies to maintain body condition of cows.

• Utilize hay rings to reduce hay waste.

• Feed hay on your worst paddocks to build fertility.

• Move hay points around to improve nutrient distribution.

UPCOMING EVENTS

Forages at KCA Convention: January 6, 2023 • Hyatt, Lexington, KY

2022 Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference: February 21, 2023 • Cave City Convention Center

Figure 2: Strip grazing stockpiled grass is accomplished by starting at the water source and allocating only enough pasture for 2 to 3 days of grazing using temporary electric fencing

Beef Quality Assurance Doesn't End at the Farm Gate

CENTENNIAL, CO. (Nov. 14, 2022) – Cow-calf producers, stockers and feedyards implement Beef Quality Assurance (BQA) practices on their operations to produce the highest quality cattle and provide consumers with the best possible eating experience. However, BQA doesn’t end at the farm gate, and those transporting cattle are encouraged to become BQA Transportation (BQAT) certified.

“Hauling can be one of the most stressful times in the life of cattle,” said Colby Carpenter with W&J Carpenter Trucking Inc., a 2022 BQA Award winner. “BQAT provides anyone transporting cattle with the information and resources they need to make sure animals are handled properly, resulting in less stress and a higher quality product for consumers.”

BQAT is a comprehensive management program that incorporates responsible practices in all phases of transporting cattle. In-person training and free online courses are designed for both ranchers hauling cattle in gooseneck trailers and professional drivers who are transporting animals in semi-trailers. These courses teach proper methods for hauling cattle including biosecurity, fitness for transport, pre-trip planning and loading, and emergency management.

BQAT is science-based, and producer-driven and online modules have been updated. A working group of industry leaders from all sectors of the cattle industry came together to revise BQAT material and provide updates needed to fit industry needs for hauling cattle.

“As the industry changes and evolves, educational materials are revised,” said Trey Patterson, Wyoming rancher and chair of the Beef Quality Assurance Advisory Group. “We work with producers and those hauling cattle to create a program that meets the needs of the animals and the industry.”

The Beef Quality Assurance (BQA) program, funded by the Beef Checkoff, provides information to U.S. beef producers and beef consumers about how common-sense husbandry techniques can be coupled with accepted scientific knowledge to raise cattle under optimum management and environmental conditions. BQA guidelines are designed to make certain all beef consumers can take pride in what they purchase – and can trust and have confidence in the entire beef industry.

BQA and BQAT certifications are available through inperson trainings and online courses. To learn more about BQA and to become certified, visit www.bqa.org.

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LEXINGTON, KY - The Kentucky Cattlemen’s Association (KCA) has been long time supporters of youth aspiring to become veterinarians through local scholarships. Two scholarships are awarded each year to third or fourth year Kentucky students currently enrolled in a College of Veterinary Medicine. These scholarships are funded by the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Foundation (KCF). The KCF Veterinary Medicine Scholarship has been awarded since 2008 providing over $67,000 in scholarship funds to youth in Kentucky.

This year, two winners were awarded the KCF Veterinary Medicine Scholarship. Angel Anderson, from Mercer County, is a graduate from University of Kentucky and currently in her third year at the Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine. Quinn Cole, from Owen County, is a graduate from Murray State University and currently in his third year at the Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine. It is the mission of The Kentucky Cattlemen's Foundation to pursue opportunities that promote the profitability of the cattle industry in Kentucky through educational and philanthropic endeavors. For more information visit www.kycattle.org or call 859-278-0899.

Nikki Whitaker Kentucky Cattlemen's Association

Winter Management for a Healthy Rumen

Brittany Harlow Ph.D.; Research Animal Scientist; USDA-ARS, FAPRU, Lexington, KY

Many factors influence winter feeding programs and one size does not fit all. Stockpiled pastures and winter annuals can be grazed if ample rainfall is available in the Fall (Figure 1). These options probably provide the smoothest nutritional transition from early Fall grazing. This year’s weather has been challenging for many with little to no rainfall throughout the state since late Summer reducing forage growth and opportunities for Fall grazing and stockpiling, BUT early summer rains did allow for a good hay crop that many producers are already breaking into (Figure 2). It is important when transferring from grazing to stored forage-based feeding programs to consider changes in nutrient profiles of the diet and the need for supplementation. Test your forages! If you know the nutritional value of your base forage, you can use that to develop an optimal and cost-effective winterfeeding program for your herd. The Kentucky Department of Agriculture provides a low-cost forage testing program that can be accessed through your local county Ag Agent (https:// www.kyagr.com/Marketing/Forage-Program. html).

A cow will typically consume 2 to 2.5% of her body weight daily at minimum in forages alone. This is essential for meeting the nutrient requirements of the cow and for maintaining a healthy rumen year-round. As discussed in my previous articles, the rumen is essential to both cattle health and performance. The rumen microbes can generate as much as 70% of energy requirements and 85% of protein requirements in forage-fed cattle. To maintain a healthy and productive herd a critical balance between the diet, the microbes, and the animal must be maintained. Keeping the rumen microbes active and happy can keep your cattle healthy and productive in the herd.

Why do we care about rumen health in the winter? The importance of maintaining healthy rumen function is no different in the winter season, if not more critical. Rumen stability is dependent on several challenges we encounter as producers when managing our cattle over the chilly winter months like abrupt diet changes, feed intake, and water consumption. Providing cows with a consistent diet in the winter is one of the most important measures a producer can take. When diets are consistent the rumen microbes are balanced and stable which leads to efficient nutrient conversion and less risk of digestive upset and disease. Changes in diet composition like addition of grain supplements or even something as trivial as transitions from grazing forages to stored forages can greatly impact rumen stability. Rumen microbes can take up to 4 – 6 weeks to fully adjust to a change in feed. It is important that any dietary changes are introduced gradually over a period of weeks to support

efficient and healthy rumen function.

In addition to their role in nutrition, the rumen microbes play an important role in body temperature regulation. In times of cold stress, cattle rely on heat produced by digestion and metabolism of the nutrients in their diet to maintain body temperature. Fermentation in the rumen can contribute as much as 5 – 10% of this heat and on a weight basis microbes produce more heat than any other organism. For this reason, the rumen can play an important role in thermoregulation of cattle in winter. The more feed a cow consumes, the more heat produced by rumen fermentation to warm the body. In extremely cold and wet conditions, cattle should be provided with free choice forages to best support body thermoregulation.

The liquid phase of the rumen environment requires large quantities of water to properly function. Maintaining liquid levels in the rumen supports efficient microbial fermentation and dilutes acids in the rumen. The rumen water requirement is met by both saliva production and drinking water. To ensure that adequate saliva is produced, long stem fiber or effective fiber is required in the diet. This is because chewing cud, or “rumination” stimulates saliva production. Cows can produce as much as 25 gallons of saliva a day, depending on the diet. Saliva not only provides water to the rumen, but also minerals and buffers that help to maintain a healthy rumen environment.

As winter begins, producers begin making the transition from lush grazing to stored forages. When grazing, cattle consume forages that can contain as much as 60% water. On the other hand, hay can contain as little as 10% water. Although water requirements decline as environmental temperature drops, this discrepancy in water intake via the diet can lead to water deficiencies for both the animal and the rumen itself. Even in the winter, a 900 - 1,000 lb cow can require as much as 6 to 11 gallons of water per day depending on if she is lactating (Table 1).

Providing clean and consistent water access while battling frozen plumbing in the winter can be

Figure 1: Satisfied cows and calves on stockpiled pasture and calf dreaming about greener pastures

Figure 2: F54 (aka Miss Fiona) happily eating hay

a challenge. Producers must establish plans for providing water in freezing temperatures whether it be utilizing natural water sources like ponds or streams, installing electric heaters or geothermal waterers, or even using large stock tanks with a continuous flow valve to prevent freezing. It is also important to provide cattle adequate access to minerals to meet requirements and stimulate water intake.

So how can we best monitor rumen health? When observing your herd in the winter there are 3 questions you should ask yourself:

1. How do my cattle look? -Body Condition Scoring

Good body condition indicates overall adequate herd nutrition and healthy rumen function. Body condition scoring (BCS) is a no cost, low input, and highly valuable practice producers

can implement to best manage their nutritional programs and monitor rumen and animal health. For the Fall calving cow, we should be most concerned with BCS to ensure she is conditioned enough for re-breeding and for the increased demands of nursing a calf through the winter. On the other end, the Spring calving cow has weaned her calf and is hopefully gaining weight going into winter. She shouldn’t be forgotten though, because her BCS going into the Spring will determine how fast she re-breeds, how early she will calve and how large that calf will be for marketing. Cows with an ideal BCS (5 – 6, on a 9-point scale) rebreed 30 – d sooner, have greater milk production, fewer cases of abortion, less calving problems, and raise healthier and heavier calves. BCS should be monitored on a regular basis. Producers should identify the best management strategies for maintaining

BCS on their operation. Some producers may choose to separate lower BCS cattle and increase supplementation while others may choose to early wean. What is most important is that producers should be proactive and not reactive when it comes to managing body condition. If a cow is losing condition, address it. If a cow is over conditioned, address it. Bigger isn’t better. Manage your nutritional program based on what your animals are showing you!

2.

What are my cattle

doing? -Behavior and Intake Monitoring

When you are out driving through your herd, take a minute to observe your cattle’s behavior. Are they eating? Are they resting? Are they ruminating? At least 50% of the herd should be ruminating when resting. This indicates that the rumen is healthy. Listen. Are your cattle bawling when they see you? Do they always seem restless and hungry? This could mean that their nutritional needs aren’t being met OR there are just those cows that never can be satisfied without lush green pastures or a full feed bunk. Either way, observation is a useful tool that is second nature to producers, but observations aren’t always noted or remembered from day to day. If you take the time to note changes in behavior and combine this with our types of monitoring it can give you insights into herd and rumen health. It is also important to keep track of how much forage is available and how much your cows are willing to eat. For example, if you are feeding round bales keep track of how long it takes before you need to put out more. Is there a lot of wasted hay or are they not eating it? This could indicate that the hay is not of sufficient quality or could be contaminated with undesirable weeds or mold.

3. What is coming out? -Manure Scoring Manure scoring (Figure 3) is a useful tool to evaluate both the health of your cow and her rumen. Instead of waiting for a change in BCS over weeks or months, manure scoring can indicate the cow’s health and nutritional status over the previous several days. Manure is scored on a 1 to 5 scale with 1 being very fluid feces and 5 being extremely dry. A manure score of 1 can indicate a sick animal or that the animal is consuming a highly digestible diet that contains too much non-structural carbohydrate and protein but is low in fiber. To address this, adding forage to the diet will help to improve rumen/ digestive function and thicken manure. On the other end of the spectrum, a score of 5, or extremely dry feces, indicate that the cow is eating a poor-quality forage diet that does not contain sufficient protein or energy. To best address this problem, the producer should consider additional supplementation of higher quality forages or grains to improve the overall diet quality. A manure score of 3 is ideal, indicating that the animal and rumen are healthy, and their nutritional requirements are being met. That is the scoop on poop. Until next time.

Prospects for Winter Backgrounding 2022-2023

Greg Halich and Kenny Burdine Associate Extension Professors

Feeder calf prices in Kentucky showed a great deal of strength for much of 2022. In August, a 550 lb steer was selling in the low-mid $180’s per cwt on a state average basis. However, worsening drought conditions have combined with seasonal tendencies and that same weight steer calf is now selling for $15 to $20 less per cwt. Winter backgrounding profitability has a significant impact on calf prices as those winter backgrounders are competing with feedlots to purchase calves for placement in the fall. The purpose of this article is to examine potential returns to backgrounding programs for the upcoming winter.

At the time of this writing (October 24, 2022), March 2023 CME© feeder cattle futures were trading around $183 per cwt. As winter backgrounders consider purchasing calves this fall, these late winter futures prices provide market expectations for feeder cattle sale prices. With an early spring futures price of $183, and an estimated -$6 basis, an 800 lb feeder steer in Kentucky would be expected to bring around $1416 (800# @ $177 per cwt) in March. Of course, actual basis is heavily impacted by local market conditions, lot size, cattle quality, location, and numerous other factors. The -$6 basis discussed previously assumes that cattle are of relatively good quality and are sold in potloadsized groups. Producers considering winter backgrounding should make some estimate of a late winter sale price as they start to consider what can be paid for calves this fall.

The AMS Kentucky Weekly Livestock Auction Summary for the week ending on October 24th reported a state average price for 450-500 lb steers of $174.95 per cwt and a state average price for 500-550 lb steers of $166.75 per cwt. This market continues to evolve and additional costs could be incurred putting together groups of calves for placement. For the purposes of the first table, we estimated the purchase price for a 500 lb steer at $180 per cwt, or something close to $900 per head. This is pretty close to the current market for steer calves in that weight range. Larger groups of high-quality calves would likely sell for more than this, so individuals are encouraged to apply this process to the type of calves they typically buy.

We also need cost estimates on wintering those calves and selling them in the spring. While we provide an estimate for a specific winter program, costs will vary based on local conditions and the specific backgrounding program. Feed is the major cost and producers should consider all potential feeding options including commodity feeds, corn, and corn silage. For this scenario, we will consider a single program where calves are fed 1.5% of their body weight per day of a 2-way blend of corn gluten and soy hulls, and another 1.5% of their body weight per day of grass hay. While performance will vary, we will assume a

rate of gain of 2.5 lbs per day, which would put on 300 lbs in approximately 120 days.

The 2-way blend is valued at $325 per ton and grass hay at $90 per ton. Health costs are assumed to be $28 per head, transportation costs are estimated to be $10 per head, and selling/ marketing expenses are set at $20 per head. An interest charge of 6% is included and death loss is assumed to be 2.5% for 500 lb steers and 2.0% for 600 lb steers (discussed later in the article). These costs will vary by location and operation, so readers are encouraged to come up with their own estimates.

Several of these cost estimates are worth careful consideration. For example, we have assumed selling/marketing expenses of roughly $20 per head, which assumes that producers are paying the reduced commission rates associated with large groups. However, many producers will be

Table 1: Winter Backgrounding Budget Estimate

Table 2: Expected Variable Costs Fall 2022

Table 3: Target Purchase Prices for Various Gross Profits Fall 2022

selling in smaller groups and likely paying higher commission rates on a per-head basis. Vet and medicine costs are also important. We have assumed $28 per head, which is likely sufficient to include mass medication of all calves. However, this is a decision that the individual producer should make and adjust their cost estimates accordingly. With these caveats in mind, the following table shows expected returns to the

Figure 1: March 2023 CME© Feeder Cattle Futures from DTN (close 10/24/22)

program described above.

As can be seen in table 1, projected returns are $146 per head this winter based on the assumptions discussed previously. Producers are strongly encouraged to modify these assumptions for their individual programs to better reflect calf values and expected spring basis, as well as cost estimates and feed prices for their area. It is also worth noting that labor, depreciation, and interest on owned capital are not included in the budget, so the return shown is a return to land, capital, and management. Producers should ask themselves if that return adequately compensates them for their time, capital investment, management, and risk.

The two key assumptions made in Table 1 include the cost of the calves being placed and the expected sale value in the spring. Changes in calf placement costs will greatly impact winter backgrounding returns. For every $5 per cwt decrease in the purchase price of the calves, the return to land, capital, and management increases by $25 per head. The second assumption, the sale price for the feeder steer won’t be known with certainty until spring.

Note that the assumed spring sale price in the analysis is $177 per cwt and the projected return is $146 per head. An $18 per cwt decrease in sale price would result in actual returns falling to $0. While feed price does not have as large an impact on profit as sale price, a $25/ton decrease in the price of the 2-way blend would increase expected profit by $15, and vice versa.

Table 2 shows a side-by-side comparison of expected costs for placement of a 500 lb steer and a 600 lb steer. The same feeding and gain assumptions are made, but feed costs are higher for the 600 lb steer due to his increased body weight. A few other costs also increase, such as mineral, transportation, and interest.

The cost estimates from table 2 are used to estimate target purchase prices for both 500 and 600 steers, given a target gross return, in table 3. A range of gross returns from $25 to $125 per head was used to create table 3, which is used to estimate a range of purchase prices. For 500 lb steers, target purchase prices ranged from $1.84 to $2.03 per lb. For 600 lb steers, target purchase prices ranged from $1.70 to $1.86 per lb. In both cases, the current calf market likely presents

Retirement 2022

profit opportunities.

Here is an example of how this works for a 500 lb steer, targeting a $75 gross profit per head: 800 lb steer x $1.77 (expected sale price) $1,416

Total Variable Costs - $373

Target Profit - $75

Target Purchase Cost $968 Target Purchase Price = $968/500 lbs = $1.94 lb

Table 3 can also be used to adjust target purchase prices to your cost structure. If your costs are $25 per head higher than the assumptions made in this analysis, then you would shift each targeted profit down by one row. For example, you would use the $125 gross profit to estimate a $100 gross profit if your costs were $25 higher. An alternative approach would be to spread the additional costs over the purchase weight. In that way, each $1 increase in costs, reduces target purchase price by $0.20 per cwt for a 500 lb steer and $0.17 per cwt for a 600 lb steer.

https://agecon.ca.uky.edu/prospects-winterbackgrounding-2022-2023#:~:text=Given%20 the%20assumptions,approach%20this%20fall.

Tarrah Hardin KFBM Area Extension Specialist

Currently, it is a very stressful time to be farming because of conditions that cannot be controlled. With high input and equipment prices, some producers are thinking of exiting in the next few years. In order to do this, they are starting to plan now so they can manage tax liability and protect any equity they have built within their business. When thinking about retirement or exiting, producers need to consider several factors.

Time – What is the time frame for retirement? How old are the producers? How quickly does the producer want to make this happen? These are just a few questions that need to be addressed in order to start properly planning for retirement/exiting. To help minimize tax liability, the plan likely will be to sell assets over a couple of years. Thinking ahead will benefit not only the producer but all the consultants working with the producer to get this done.

Equipment – Most farming operations have several pieces of equipment to dispose of. To help estimate the tax liability for selling equipment,

an updated itemized depreciation schedule is needed. After the depreciation schedule has been updated then go item by item as to what the expected sale price would be. Once expected sale prices are known, the producer can determine how they would like to sell the items and when. There are a couple of ways to go about this –one could be to sell all pieces outright and take on the liability all at once. The other option is to enter into a lease-to-own agreement with someone. The second option would allow the producer to spread out income over many years rather than having to claim the sale all in one year. The producer can even do a mixture of the two options in order to help with the liability. Regardless of how the equipment is disposed of, documentation (a signed contract) is needed for all agreements.

Land – The main question with land is, will the land generate income once the farming operation has stopped? If the land is going to be rented, one way to help defer income in the year of

retirement is to defer the rental income until after the first of the year. Similar to equipment, land can be sold on contract to help with any capital gain taxes. Although any gains in land improvements will be realized in year one. There are several options when it comes to managing land once the farming operation has stopped, to best explore those options would be to talk to an accountant and a lawyer that handles succession planning.

When it comes to retiring, having a plan to navigate all the possible issues that might come up should be number one on the producer's to do list. Rushing through things could bring on unexpected tax liabilities as well as issues down the road. Having specialized consultants to help with this process will decrease some of those unexpected issues. If you have any questions about retiring from farming, please reach out to your local Kentucky Farm Business Analysis Specialist.

https://agecon.ca.uky.edu/KFBM-directory

The Agricultural Economics Department publishes the Economic and Policy Update towards the end of each month. Each issue features articles written by extension personnel within the department and other experts across the country.

Topics will vary greatly but regularly include marketing, management, policy, natural resources, and rural development issues. If you would like to recieve this newsletter by email, please contact Kenny Burdine at kburdine@uky.edu

You can also view current and past issues online at https://bit.ly/2PoHsZj

Co-editors: Kenny Burdine, Alison Davis, and Greg Halich

U.S. Ag Exports Remain Strong Amidst a Lot of Headwinds

Will Snell Extension Professor

Despite tight supply inventories, shipping and other transportation challenges, a higher valued U.S. dollar, and an overall slowing global economy, U.S. agricultural export sales are set to establish record levels in 2022. The value of U.S. ag exports is up 16% through the first eight months of this year relative to the same period in 2021. Higher prices are creating the increase, with aggregate export volume down 3%. In reality, some of the export volume growth has been constrained this past year due to limited U.S. crop and livestock supplies, not diminished export growth due to higher prices.

China remains the number one foreign customer for U.S. agriculture accounting for 16% of total U.S. exports, followed by Canada (15%), Mexico (15%), Japan (8%), and South Korea (5%). Taiwan, which recently sent a recent trade delegation to Kentucky to purchase grains, is the United States’ sixth largest market.

Leading the list of the largest U.S. export gains for ag products important to Kentucky so far in 2022 are soybeans (+53%), dairy (+26% ), beef (+ 25%), poultry (+18%), and corn (+5%). U.S. distilled spirits exports are 22% higher while forestry products are up 13%, both rebounding from dismal 2021 export levels. Pork exports are down 13%, following record-setting years in 2020 and 2021. Tobacco exports continue to plummet.

While overall U.S. ag exports have been increasing in recent years, the value of U.S. ag imports have been growing at a faster pace. The most recent Outlook for U.S. Agricultural Trade (ERS/USDA) notes that after recording significant trade surpluses over the past five decades, U.S. ag has experienced trade deficits in FY 2019 and FY 2020. In fact, the U.S. has recorded ag trade deficits with four of its top ag export markets, Canada, Mexico, and the EU -averaging $31 billion over the past 5 years.

Looking forward, anticipated increases in the value of the U.S. dollar and a slowing global economy will likely constrain future U.S. ag exports if global crop supplies rebound in 2023. Another major factor complicating the outlook is how the ongoing war in Ukraine will impact Ukrainian and Russian crop exports and availability of important ag inputs such as fertilizer and energy. USDA is projecting that U.S. ag exports will decline in the upcoming fiscal year (October – September) while imports will continue to grow, leading to another ag trade deficit projected in FY 2023.

Fig 1: U.S. Ag Exports, Imports, and Trade Balance Fiscal Year

Fig 2: U.S. Corn Weekly Exports, as of October 20, 2022

Fig 3: U.S. Soybean Weekly Exports, as of October 20, 2022

Another Case of Tick-Borne Cattle Disease Detected in Kentucky

Asian Longhorned Tick is a known carrier of the disease

FRANKFORT, KY. (Oct. 25, 2022) – Another case of a potentially dangerous disease of cattle has been detected in Kentucky, according to Kentucky State Veterinarian Dr. Katie Flynn.

The disease, Theileria Orientalis Ikedia, is a protozoon known to be carried by the Asian Longhorned tick (ALT). It was detected in a 12-yearold beef cow in Barren County, who presented with jaundice and rapid breathing.

“Protecting the health of our livestock is a top priority of the Kentucky Department of Agriculture and the Office of the State Veterinarian,” Agriculture Commissioner Dr. Ryan Quarles said. “We are working closely with agriculture producers to protect our herds across the state, and contain these cases.”

This makes the second confirmed case of Theileria. The first was a beef breed bull in Fleming County that fell ill and died in August. Around the same time, it was reported that a beef breed bull in Hart County also died from Theileria. But a retesting of the bull’s blood found Theileria was not present at the time of its death.

“As Theileria orientalis ikeda is a newly detected pathogen in the United States, research into advancing diagnostic testing for this pathogen is ongoing,” said Dr. Flynn. “The original sample from the Hart County bull was re-evaluated and re-tested. Upon further testing, the test results were negative. The Hart County bull did not have Theileria.”

Theileria is a tickborne protozoa that infects red and white blood cells causing severe anemia in cattle as well as abortions, stillbirths, weakness, reluctance to walk, and death. Physical examination may reveal pale mucus membranes, high fever, and elevated heart and respiratory rates.

In the latest case, the cow did not die. However, once an animal is infected with Theileria, it becomes a carrier, which is a source of infection for other cattle in the herd. There is no approved effective treatment or vaccine for the disease, making prevention and biosecurity imperative.

Though a threat to cattle, the disease is not a threat

to human health. Humans cannot become sick from contact with affected cattle, and consuming meat from affected cattle is safe provided the meat has been cooked to an appropriate temperature.

The Asian Longhorned Tick (ALT) has been found to be a primary carrier for this disease. The tick has been found to attach to livestock, wildlife, dogs, cats, birds, and humans. Cattle producers should consider tick control measures to lessen the likelihood of Theileria infections in their cattle herds.

Tick control measures include keeping pastures mowed and cattle restricted from wooded areas. Regular inspection of cattle for ticks and use of acaricides, such as ear tags, pourons, or back rubs, are helpful. Long-acting macrocyclic lactones (ivermectin, moxidectin, eprinomectin) have shown to be effective in tick control in field research trials. Use of clean needles for every injection reduces the spread of bloodborne pathogens. A veterinarian should be notified in the instance of animals showing signs of lethargy or weakness.

In partnership with the University of Kentucky, Tick Laboratory, University of Kentucky Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Murray State University Breathitt Veterinary Center, and Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Diagnostic Laboratory, the Office of the State Veterinarian is coordinating a passive surveillance system of tick and blood samples from cattle with clinical signs to help identify the presence of the Asian Longhorned Tick and Theileria orientalis Ikeda in Kentucky.

The Office of the State Veterinarian has also created an alert flyer for cattle owners and coordinated no cost testing of blood for Theileria. Results are available to producers. Information gathered will be used to create maps that depict the spread of the ALT and Theileria across Kentucky. Farm and ownership information will remain confidential.

Those who want to submit tick samples for identification or cattle blood samples for Theileria testing, can contact the Office of the State Veterinarian at statevet@ky.gov or call 502-573-0282 for information.

WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 4

10:00 - 5:00 Trade Show Move-In Exhibition Hall A & B

THURSDAY, JANUARY 5

7:00 - 6:00 Registration Hours

Exhibition Hall A & B

7:00 - 10:00 Trade Show Move-In Exhibition Hall A & B

9:00 - 11:30 Beef Efficiency Conference: Looking Forward to Tomorrow's Beef Herd Meeting Room 7-8

Breeding for a More Efficient and Profitable Commercial Cow - Troy Rowan, University of Tennessee

Matching Genetics of Your Cowherd to Your Environment - Jared Decker, University of Missouri

From Wall Street to the Ranch: What I Learned - John Maddux, Maddux Cattle Company

10:00 Trade Show Opens

Exhibition Hall A & B

11:30 Welcome Lunch Exhibition Hall A & B

1:30 - 3:30 Opening General Business Session Meeting Room 7-8

Welcome 2023 Kentucky Cattlemen’s Association Convention - Cary King, 2022 KCA President University of Kentucky Update - Eli Capilouto, President, University of Kentucky Sustainable Food Systems - Danielle Beck, Invariant

KBC Annual Report

Beef Solutions Annual Report

KBN Annual Report

4:00 A Taste of Lexington Restaurant Sampling Exhibition Hall A & B 6:00 Trade Show Closes Exhibition Hall A & B

FRIDAY, JANUARY 6

6:30 - 5:00 Registration Hours Registration Booth

7:00 - 9:00 County President Breakfast (Invitation Only)

Regency Ballroom-Hyatt* 8:00 Trade Show Opens Exhibition Hall A & B

10:00 - 11:00 Regional Meetings

Region 1 Meeting Room 1 Region 2 Meeting Room 2 Region 3 Meeting Room 3 Region 4 Meeting Room 4 Region 5 Meeting Room 5

10:00 - 12:30 KLMA Annual Meeting Kentucky Room*

11:00 KCA Concessions Lunch in the Trade Show Exhibition Hall A&B 12:00 KJCA Lunch Meeting Room 4

12:30 - 2:00 Closing Business Session Meeting Room 7 & 8 Kentucky Department of Agriculture Update - Ryan Quarles, Commissioner of Agriculture 2022 Financial Review - Ken Adams, KCA Treasurer 2022 Communications Review and Outlook A Year in Review and 2023 Outlook - Dave Maples, Executive Vice President

1:00 KJCA Beef Leadership Town Hall Meeting Room 4 2:00 Trade Show Closes Exhibition Hall A & B

2:00 KJCA Officer Meeting (Current KJCA Board Members Only) Meeting Room 4

2:15 KJCA Annual Membership Meeting & KJCA Board of Director Elections Meeting Room 4

2:30 - 4:30 Forages at KCA - Recovering and Regrouping after a Tough Year Meeting Room 6 Welcome and Introduction - Chris Teutsch, University of Kentucky Strategies for Revitalizing Drought Stressed Pastures: Experiences from Southern Indiana Purdue Ag Center - Jason Tower, Purdue University Making Sure Cows are Getting What They Need - Katie VanValin, University of Kentucky Choosing the Best Forage Varieties for Repairing Drought Stressed Pastures - Ray Smith, University of Kentucky

2:30 - 4:30 Ladies Program Meeting Room 5

2:30 - 4:30 Forages at KCA Meeting Room 6

3:00 Commissioner of Agriculture Candidate Forum Meeting Room 7 & 8

4:00 KJCA Reception Meeting Room 4

5:00 - 6:00 KCA Leadership Alumni & Past President’s Reception (Invitation Only) Exhibit Hall Pre-function

6:00 Evening Banquet Ballroom 1 & 2 KCA & KBC Awards 2023 KCA Hall of Fame Inductions Foundation Auction

Deer Hunters Encouraged to Donate to Kentucky Hunters for the Hungry

GIFTS OF DEER, DOLLARS HELP FEED LOW-INCOME KENTUCKIANS

FRANKFORT, Ky. (Nov. 9, 2022) – Agriculture Commissioner Dr. Ryan Quarles is urging Kentucky hunters to consider donating a harvested deer to the Kentucky Hunters for the Hungry program this deer season.

“Like agriculture, hunting is a Kentucky tradition that brings families and friends together to enjoy all that nature has to offer, each providing sustenance in its own way,” Commissioner Quarles said. “Hunters can make this special time of year even better by donating a deer or funds to provide help for others who may not be as fortunate as them.”

Kentucky Hunters for the Hungry (KHFH) is a statewide hunger relief program dedicated to providing a healthy source of protein to needy Kentuckians. KHFH’s mission is to alleviate hunger and malnutrition in Kentucky by processing and distributing donated venison to those in need, to provide an outlet for hunters to help their communities, and to promote environmental stewardship through wildlife management.

“Helping fellow Kentuckians, whether it with daily food insecurities or during times of crisis encompasses the heart

of the Kentucky Hunters for the Hungry organization,” said Roger LaPointe, Kentucky Hunters for the Hungry executive director. “The need has never been greater. Please consider donating a deer or if you don't hunt, a monetary donation.”

KHFH administers the “Kentucky Whitetail Access” program, established in conjunction with the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources. Kentucky Whitetail Access matches hunters with landowners - most often farmers - who are in need of deer population control on their property.

KHFH receives the deer taken under the program, and processing is covered by Kentucky Farm Bureau and its participating partners.

Kentucky Hunters for the Hungry was founded in 2000. Last deer season, hunters donated 1,911 deer to the program, resulting in 73,651 pounds of ground venison equating to about 294,604 meals. To find an approved deer processor, visit KHFH’s website at kyhuntersforthehungry.info/find-processor.

Learn more about Kentucky Hunters for the Hungry by visiting kyhuntersforthehungry.info.

PRIVATE TREATY SALES CHECKOFF INVESTMENT FORM

State and National Beef Promotion and Research Programs Information is required by 7 CRF 1260.201. Failure to report can result in a fine. Information is held confidential per 7 CRF 1260.203.

familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

The holiday season holds a fond place in consumer’s hearts so this year's holiday campaign will speak to the emotional response of the holidays and puts beef at the center of the season and everyone’s table. With Beef as the centerpiece of any holiday celebration, consumers have a variety of delicious options for appetizers and meals. Our messaging will highlight how beef can bring value, versatility, and enjoyment into holiday meal planning for all to enjoy.

We will tailor multiple campaigns throughout different advertising avenues such as streaming services, broadcast tv, and social media to target different types of consumers with relevant and timely messaging. By using our Demand Drivers and Segmented Personas, both a result of our Consumer Beef Tracker research, it gives us a good gauge on what exactly drives each type of consumer to put beef in their shopping carts. Messaging such as “The holidays consist of family, friends and celebrations centered around a good meal, there’s no better way to have a good meal than by serving beef.” and “No matter the scene, no matter the holiday, Beef is there to elevate the time you share with others through appetizers, side dishes and main courses.” will resonate with consumers by playing into the Eating Experience demand driver. While messaging such as “With cuts that fit any budget and countless ways to prepare it, Beef should be at the top of everyone’s list and the center of everyone's table.” and “It’s hard to beat the classics during the holiday season so beef chilis, lasagnas and quick and easy meals are always a solid go-to during this time.” will resonate to the versatility, and value demand drivers.

ROAST SWAPS

Beef’s great versatility means that consumers can find cuts at a variety of price points to fit any budget.

The goal of this campaign is to inspire and encourage consumers to choose beef as the centerpiece of their holiday season. All of our holiday content can be found on kybeef.com.

You’re hosting a big family dinner and want to cook a delicious beef dinner that is sure to impress. Here are some options of great beef cuts to make that meal extraordinary.

Consider these classic roast swaps, which can be great substitutions without sacrificing flavor.

ROAST SWAPS

Beef’s great versatility means that consumers can find cuts at a variety of price points to fit any budget.

You’re hosting a big family dinner and want to cook a delicious beef dinner that is sure to impress. Here are some options of great beef cuts to make that meal extraordinary.

Consider these classic roast swaps, which can be great substitutions without sacrificing flavor.

Chuck Roast

This cut is a good value with loads of beef flavor.

Brisket

An ideal cut for cooking low and slow-on the barbecue or in a slow-cooker.

Brisket Flat

The leaner half of the whole Brisket is full-flavored and can be sliced or shredded.

Brisket Point

The slightly less lean half of the brisket, this cut is juicy and full of flavor.

Bottom Round Roast

Known for its great value, this cut is best for roasting or slow-cooking and slicing thin.

Eye of Round

A lean, flavorful cut often used for roast beef at the deli.

Shoulder Roast

An inexpensive chuck cut with good flavor.

Sirloin Tip

This boneless, lean cut is great value. Best when roasted and carved into thin slices.

Strip Loin

Roast

This centerpiece roast is tender, juicy and full of flavor.

Strip Petite Roast

A smaller roasting option than Strip Loin Roast. Impressive looking, yet easy to cook, juicy and lean.

Tenderloin

The most tender beef roast that is well known for being lean and succulent. Easy to carve with its fine texture.

Top Round

A lean roast that is ideal for slow cooking. Slice thinly across the grain for optimal eating experience.

Top Sirloin Petite Roast

Known for being lean, this cut is a smaller option.

Kylie Trail, Director of Brand Management Kentucky Beef Council

GREEN PEPPERCORN CRUSTED STRIP ROAST WITH RED

WINE SAUCE

INGREDIENTS: 1 beef Strip Roast (3 to 4 pounds)

SEASONING: 1 tablespoon green peppercorns • 2 teaspoon granulated garlic • 2 teaspoon kosher salt • 2 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper • 1 teaspoon lemon peel

WINE SAUCE: 2 tablespoon olive oil • 4 ounces cremini or button mushrooms, sliced • 1/4 cup finely chopped shallots • 1 cup beef broth • 1 cup Cabernet Sauvignon • 1 tablespoon cornstarch • 1/4 teaspoon cracked black pepper • 1 teaspoon fresh thyme • kosher salt

1. Preheat oven to 325°F. Combine Seasoning ingredients; press evenly onto all surfaces of beef Strip Roast.

2. Place roast on rack in shallow roasting pan. Insert ovenproof meat thermometer so tip is centered in thickest part of beef, not resting in fat. Do not add water or cover. Roast in 325°F oven 1-1/4 to 1-1/2 hours for medium rare; 1-1/2 to 1-3/4 hours for medium doneness.

3. Meanwhile prepare Wine Sauce. Heat olive oil in large nonstick skillet over medium heat until hot. Add mushrooms and shallots; cook and stir 6 to 9 minutes or until mushrooms are tender and browned. Remove from skillet; keep warm. Add 3/4 cup broth and wine to skillet; cook and stir over medium heat 12 to 16 minutes or until reduced to 1 cup. Combine remaining 1/4 cup broth and cornstarch in small bowl. Whisk cornstarch mixture and pepper into wine mixture; bring to a boil. Cook 1 minute or until sauce thickens, stirring occasionally. Remove from heat; add thyme and mushroom mixture. Season with salt, as desired.

4. Remove roast when meat thermometer registers 135°F for medium rare; 145°F for medium. Transfer roast to carving board; tent loosely with aluminum foil. Let stand 10 to 15 minutes. (Temperature will continue to rise about 10°-15°F to reach 145°F for medium rare; 160°F for medium.)

5. Carve roast into slices; season with salt, as desired. Serve with Wine Sauce.

CHEESY BEEF ARTICHOKE DIP

INGREDIENTS: 12 ounces Cooked (Leftover) Beef Pot Roast, chopped • 1 (12oz) can artichoke hearts, drained • 8 ounces cream cheese, softened 1 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper • 2 teaspoon granulated garlic • 3/4 cup reduced-fat dairy sour cream • 1/2 cup shredded Parmesan cheese • 1 cup reduced-fat mozzarella cheese • 5 ounces fresh spinach, chopped

1. Preheat oven to 375°F. In a large bowl mix together cream cheese, sour cream, parmesan cheese, mozzarella cheese, pepper, and garlic. Once smooth add in spinach, chopped Beef, and artichoke hearts; combine.

2. Coat a 9 X 9 baking dish with non-stick spray. Place mixture into baking dish and bake for 20 to 30 minutes or until mixture is bubbling and golden brown. Serve warm along side fresh vegetables and tortilla chips.

Eden Shale Update

There was no school on election day and yet, like all parents, my wife and I still had to work. We decided to divide and conquer. My daughter, Lawson, went with my wife and enjoyed a girl day including lunch at The Cheesecake Factory. My son, Mason, went to Eden Shale with me to indulge in an honest days work.

The excerpt below was written by Mason that evening talking about his day at the farm:

Today was election day and there was no school. So I went to the farm with my dad. On the way in the truck, he let me pick out which songs that I wanted to listen to. The first thing we did at the farm was get in the gator and check cows. Next, we got in the tractor and hooked up the gooseneck so that we could haul a sick calf to the barn. After that, we used the tractor to get a big tire for a water tank. We hauled the tire to the shop to cut the top off. Cutting the tire was a three-person job. Then we hauled the tire to the other side of the farm where it will be used to water the cows.

After that we used the tractor to move some equipment to store in a barn. When we were on the gravel farm road, my dad let me drive the tractor. Driving the tractor was fun and exciting. It is the biggest thing I have ever driven! The last thing we did was my dad and Greg had to sort cows in the barn. I sat in the hay loft and watched them work. I think they were sorting which ones were bred and which ones weren’t. While they were in the barn one of the gates fell down. They had to get tools from the gator to hang it back up.

On the way home we stopped at McDonalds and got ice cream. I’m glad I got to go work with my dad. It was a really fun day.

Ben Lloyd Whitesville, KY (270) 993-1074 benlloyd0223@gmail.com

Ron Shrout Winchester, KY (606) 205-6143 ronshrout@bellsouth.net

Cave City, KY (270) 646-5939 dale.embry@yahoo.com

Jeff Stephens Ewing, KY (606) 782-7640 stephensbeef@gmail.com

Jacob Settles Springfield, KY (859) 805-0724

jacob.settles4@yahoo.com

Charles Embry

KENTUCKY BEEF NETWORK FACILITATORS

Dan Miller Industry Coordinator, Kentucky Beef Network

BLEVINS BLACK CATTLE

Gary, Nicole, & Ethan Blevins

59 Fieldstone Court Greenup, KY 4114 606.465.4040 blevinsblackcattle@gmail.com

BOYD

BEEF CATTLE

6077 Helena Road Mayslick, KY 41055

Charlie Boyd II: (606) 584-5194 • Blake Boyd: (606) 375-3718 www.boydbeef.com • cboyd2@maysvilleky.net

BRANCH VIEW ANGUS

927 Old Liberty Pike • Hustonville, KY 40437 (859) 238-0771 • www.branchviewangus.com

James S. & LuAnn Coffey, Donald & Donna Coffey

Annual Production Sale- 2nd Saturday in April

BURKS CATTLE CO.

531 Rick Rd.

Park City, KY 42160

Eddie Burks • (270) 991-6398 www.burkscattle.com

BURTON & SONS ANGUS

Joe

480 Hominy Hill Rd. Nancy, KY 42544

Joe: (606) 305-3081

COFFEY

ANGUS FARMS

661 Hopewell Road

Liberty, KY 42539

Matt Coffey: (270) 799-6288

Dewey Coffey: (606) 706-2699

Genetics for Maximum Profitability since 1984

JASON & KATIE CROWE

ELI HASKELL

10825 Red Lick Road Irvine, KY 40336 (859) 582-0761

DAVIS BEND FARMS

2315 Davis Bend Road Canmer, KY 42722

timmothyljeffries@gmail.com www.davisbendfarms.com

HERITAGE FARM

Tom McGinnis

1024 Hinkle Lane • Shelbyville, KY (502) 633-1634, home • (502) 633-5100, work (502) 655-0164, cell

HILL VIEW FARMS

Jimmy Gilles

5160 Lee Rudy Road Owensboro, KY 42301 (270) 929-5370 jcgilles86@gmail.com

JOHNSON FARMS ANGUS

Angus Bulls & Females

Slaughters, KY

Keith: (270) 635-0723 Reese: (270) 635-1137

LYNN CREEK FARMS

Kris and Sara Lynn 2184 Bardstown Rd Springfield KY 40069 573-721-6663

MT. MORIAH ANGUS FARMS

Bob, Kathy, and Rob Clark (859) 748-5558

1446 Kennedy Bridge Rd. Harrodsburg, KY 40330

Bob: (859)339-2610 • Rob: (859)612-1594 mtmoriahfarms1@gmail.com www.mtmoriahangus.com

FOUR KINGS ANGUS

250 Bright Leaf Dr. • Harrodsburg, KY 40330

Cary & Kim King Carymking@yahoo.com • fourkingsangus.com

Cary Cell: (859) 613-3734 • Colby Myers - Purebred Manager

OLD BARK FARM

370 Ferrill Hill, Buffalo, KY 42716

Kenley Conner 270/358-8057

Registered Angus Cattle

RAGS ANGUS FARM

Richard and Glenda Stallons

1240 Dogwood Kelly Road Hopkinsville, KY 42240

Home: (270) 885-4352 Cell: (270) 839-2442 rstallons@bellsouth.net

SHAW FAMILY ANGUS

Jim & Cathy Shaw

935 Miller Road • Hodgenville, KY 42748 (270) 769-8260 www.shawfamilyangus.com Quality Registered Angus Cattle since 1975

SMITHLAND ANGUS FARM

5202 East Hwy 80, Russell Springs, KY 42642

Charles “Bud” & Pam Smith: (270) 866-3898

Henry & Melissa Smith: (270) 866-2311

ST.

CLAIR FARMS REGISTERED ANGUS

Eric & Sherry St. Clair

13433 Falls of Rough Road • Falls of Rough, KY 40119

Home: (270) 257-2965 • Cell: (270) 617-1079 www.stclairangus.com

Performance Tested Bull & Female Sale April 2020

TAMME VALLEY FARM

Jacob Tamme, Owner-Operator (859) 583-7134 jacob.tamme@gmail.com www.tammevalley.com & Find us on Facebook!

TRIPLE D ANGUS

Nathaniel & Darla Denham

Nathaniel(Bub), Sarah, Ashley Denham (606) 423-2457 • (606) 875-0780 tripledangus.com

TWIN CREEK FARM

Shawn, Melissa, Devin & Dylan Gibson (270) 337-3072 or (270) 692-5304 Dennis & Emily 270/337-2128 or 270/402-4338

Watch for us in Branch View Production Sale in April

WHITE FARM

KENTUCKY ANGUS ASSOCIATION

www.kentuckyangus.org • kyangusassociation@gmail.com • @kyangusassoc • @kyangusassoc • @kyangusassociation

New Leadership elected to the American Angus Association Board of Directors

2022 Leadership selected at the Annual Convention of Delegates.

The 139th Annual Convention of Delegates assembled November 7, 2022, in Salt Lake City, Utah. Five directors were elected to the board of directors, as well as a presi dent/chairman and a vice president/vice chairman of the board. Jonathan Perry will serve as treasurer for the 2022-2023 term.

Elected officers are Chuck Grove, Forest, Virginia, president and chairman of the board and Barry Pollard, Enid, Oklahoma, vice president and vice chairman of the board.

Grove said the Angus breed is in a prime spot to lead industry advancement. “With the vast influence Angus has on the beef industry, the breed is looked to as leaders ready to navigate both opportunities and potential obstacles,” Grove said. “The future of the industry and this great breed looks bright in the coming years, and while I have been devoted to the breed for a lifetime, the next year will be the most rewarding yet.”

Fellow Producers,

Rain has finally blessed many farmers across the commonwealth over the last few months bringing many opportunities in the future for the cattle industry. The green grass has allowed for excellent grazing, boosting those weaning weights as the feeder calf sale season begins. The rain also secured a good fall hay crop for many, which improves the stockpile of feed for the wintering months.

Elected to their first terms on the board of directors are Rob Adams, Union Springs, Alabama; Art Butler, Bliss, Idaho; Alan Mead, Barnett, Missouri; Henry Smith, Russell Springs, Kentucky; and Roger Wann, Poteau, Oklahoma.

Intermediate Champion Bull: R & K Bismarck 981 won intermediate champion bull at the 2022 Tennessee State Fair Roll of Victory (ROV) Angus Show, Aug. 21 in Lebanon, Tenn. Kalli Flanders, Buffalo, Ky., owns the winning bull. Photo

Alex Tolbert, American Angus Association.

Directors can serve up to two three-year terms on the board and, if elected, serve additional one-year terms in office as president/chairman and/or vice president/ vice chairman.

Adams has been a lifelong resident of Union Springs where his grandfather established their current farm in 1936. For the last 40 years the family has raised registered Angus cattle, calving about 225 females, and timber on the 925-acre farm. They have an annual bull sale and host the Maternal Gems Female Sale. Adams co-owns a financial firm, Legacy Advisors, Inc., where he works with small businesses and individuals in financial planning and investment management. A leader in his community, Adams is also a board member on the Alabama Angus Association, Ala bama Beef Cattle Improvement Association (BCIA) and BCIA Foundation. Adams hopes to use his experience to help give back to the Association’s diverse member ship as a director

Butler is the third generation raising registered Angus at the103-year-old Spring Cove Ranch. He and his family man age a 350-headherd and host an annual production sale. The family sells feeder cattle and farms 500 acres. Technology

and production tools to enhance genetics and management are used, incorporating ultrasound scans for carcass traits and parent verifying and genomically testing every calf. Butler has been committed to developing markets for Angus feeder calves through AngusLinkSM. He has served on boards of the Idaho Angus Association, Idaho Cattle Association and the family was awarded the 2019 Certified Angus Beef (CAB) Seedstock Commitment to Excel lence Award and the Century Herd Award from the Association in 2019.

Mead is a third-generation Angus breeder involved in all phases of the cattle business. He currently has three annual production sales, marketing close to 700 bulls per year. After completing becoming a board-cer tified anesthesiologist practitioner, Mead returned home to serve his community while harboring a new vision for Mead Farms. The farm has grown to more than 7,000acres and close to 1,500 registered Angus cows in addition to several other breeds. Mead served on the Missouri Angus Association Board of Directors, Morgan County Cattlemen’s Association, Missouri Cattlemen’s Association, National Cattlemen’s Beef Association. Mead has a strong track record of gathering informa tion and making informed decisions, as well as approaching problems with an open mind for successful outcomes.

Smith is a fourth-generation Angus breed er who grew up on a diversified family farm consisting of registered Angus, burley tobacco, corn, soybeans and wheat. For 28 years, he has successfully operated Smith land Angus Farm recently hosting its 26th annual bull and female sale. Smith current ly owns and manages 225 registered Angus

cows and a small commercial herd. He has served on boards of the Natural Resources Conservation Service, County Agricultural Improvement Program, Russell County Cattlemen’s Association, Kentucky Angus Association, NJAA Executive Committee, Kentucky Farm Bureau, First Bancorp, Inc. and First National Bank. Smith believes in the power of the Angus cow to continue to be the foundation of the beef industry and is committed to the advancement of the breed.

Wann was raised on a multigenerational commercial cow-calf ranch. After the purchase of commercial Angus cows and an Angus bull from Belle Point Ranch, the benefits of Angus genetics became clear. After graduating from Oklahoma State University, he earned a master’s in phys iology of reproduction from Texas A&M and began a career with ABS Global, where he assisted cattle producers in learning the value of efficient reproductive manage ment programs. Wann Ranch annually hosts a production sale and markets 120 to 140 bulls. He served on the board for Oklahoma Cattlemen’s Association and Oklahoma Angus Association and has helped develop their Angus feeder-calf sale. Wann has a blue-collar, grassroots view point concerning all issues, with the goal of keeping the Angus breed at the forefront of the industry.

To learn more about the American Angus Association Board of Directors or how the delegate process works visit www.angus. org/assoc/board

Pictured from left are: Rob Adams, Alabama; Art Butler, Idaho; Alan Mead, Missouri; Henry Smith, Kentucky; and Roger Wann, Oklahoma.

As we pause our busy lives for this Christmas season, I encourage you to take a moment and reflect on the year behind us. From early rains to almost drought conditions in midsummer, to disastrous flooding in July, we have been on a roller coaster in terms of weather. Input costs are still very troublesome and on the minds of every producer. The beef market has been slowly improving but, in most cases, not near the rate of expenses. With all the things that seem to fill the thoughts of a beef producer and as we come to a year’s end. We have a great anticipation in the coming year for prosperity for beef producers.

As I write this letter the Fall Angus sale season is in full swing with many opportunities across Kentucky to purchase any seed stock needs you may have. In the early September sales, the price on females was outstanding and the interest in bulls continued to increase by the day. Please reach out to your local Angus breeder to purchase your highquality Angus bulls as the Fall breeding season comes near.

Cow numbers are very low, and demand is at an all-time high, especially for Angus genetics.

Certified Angus Beef has just concluded its secondlargest year ever in product sales, exceeding 1.2 billion pounds with 182 million dollars of premiums. I encourage every one of you to keep Registered Angus bulls in your pastures, as it is the greatest insurance policy you can have that will guarantee a premium product to market in the future.

I encourage you to keep your animal health protocols up to date and continue a good mineral program to help Kentucky’s cow herd be productive as we anticipate strong cattle prices in the months ahead.

I am very encouraged for the future of the beef industry, especially for the cow-calf producers. We are approaching a time with great upside potential in terms of supply and demand. Take care of your land and your cows, exciting days are ahead! Most importantly, take time to celebrate the birth of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ.

The North American International Livestock Expo will be here before we know it and I encourage you to visit Louisville on November 13th and 14th for all Angus Events. If I or anyone else at the Kentucky Angus Association can assist you in any way, please feel free to reach out.

God Bless, Henry Smith

Thanks, Henry Bryan Smith

Anne Stewart DeMott, Secretary/Treasurer

by

Greetings Fellow Cattlemen,

Senior Bull Calf Champion: R & K Rainfall 1281 won senior bull calf champion at the 2022 Tennessee State Fair Roll of Vic tory (ROV) Angus Show, Aug. 21 in Lebanon, Tenn. Kalli Flanders, Buffalo, Ky., owns the winning bull. Photo by Alex Tolbert, American Angus Association.

Anne Stewart DeMott, Secretary/Treasurer

@kyangusassoc • @kyangusassoc • @kyangusassociation

Briley Richard, Angus Communications

LARRY CLARK & SONS LLC

Registered Gelbvieh Cattle

106 Clark Houk Road • Greensburg, KY 42743

Larry Clark, Owner & Operator (270) 299-5167 • (270) 405-6848 Lpclarkandsons@msn.com

BAR IV LIVESTOCK

Barry, Beth & Ben Racke

• Brad Racke

7416 Tippenhauer Rd. • Cold Spring, KY

GELBVIEHS

Kentucky Hereford Association

Kentucky Certified Hereford Influence Feeder Calf Sale

Thursday, December 1st - Stanford, KY

Kentucky Hereford Autumn Sale December 3, 2022 • Noon • Bluegrass Stockyards - Lexington

WELLS FARM

Polled Herefords

439 Flatwoods Frozen Camp Rd, Corbin KY 40701

Toby & Debby Dulworth

2492 S. Kirkman Road

LaCenter, KY 42056 (270) 224-2993

dogwood@brtc.net Herefords that thrive on forages. www.dogwoodherefords.com

6077 Helena Road Mayslick, KY 41055 Charlie Boyd II 606-584-5194

Annual Bull Sale second Saturday in March Hereford and Angus Bulls

Chambliss

Hereford Farms

Brad, Carla, Clay & Clint Chambliss

1101 Driftwood Lane Elizabethtown, KY 42701 Home (270) 982-3905 Cell (270) 668-7126 fax 270-735-9922 www.chamblissherefordfarms.com

Bobby & Brenda Wells (606) 523-0569 or (606) 344-0417 wells_farm@yahoo.com

Kevin, Angela, Kenlea & Kyler Murray (606) 528-1691 or (606) 682-8413

KHA OFFICERS

President: L.W. Beckley Secretary/ Treasurer: Suzanne Matheny 606-584-0577 suzannebmatheny@gmail.com

NJB Limited

Dale Stith 5239 Old Sardis Pike Mays Lick, KY 41055 dalestith@yahoo.com (918) 760-1550

Home of Select Sires’ Boyd Fort Knox 17yxz54040

K3 CATTLE REGISTERED HEREFORDS

MPH Farms

Registered Polled Herefords PAUL L. HANCOCK 8559 KY 56 Owensboro, KY 42301 270-771-4194

KYLE BUSH K3CATTLE@YAHOO.COM 859-588-4531 198 HICKS PIKE CYNTHIANA, KY 41031

Polled Hereford and Gelbvieh Cattle 3459 KY Hwy. 1284 E. Cythiana, KY 41031 (859) 234-6956 Ben, Jane, Shelby and Lincoln

THOMAS FARM

Jackson Farms

Registered Polled Herefords PO Box 215 Cross Plains, TN 37049 615-478-4483 billymjackson@aol.com “Farming the Same Land Since 1834”

WOLF FARM

Registered Polled Herefords

Eric & Ronnie Thomas 2396 Union City Rd. Richmond, KY 40475 (859) 623-5734 Eric’s Cell (859) 314-8256

“Cattle for sale at all times”

Windy Hills Farm

Jackie D. Perkins II 367 Mt. Pisgah Rd. Bremen, KY 42325 (270) 543-3586

Breeding to produce good cows since 1981

HEREFORDS

Codee Guffey • 1815 Grassy Springs Road Versailles, Kentucky 40383 (502) 598-6355 rockridgeherefords@gmail.com www.rockridgeherefords.com

TK4 Herefords

Tony & Kathy Staples

992 Knotts Road Brandenburg, KY 40108 (270) 422-4220 tstaples@bbtel.com

PILE STOCK FARM

Registered Polled Herefords HANSELL PILE, JR. 12045 St. John Rd. Cecilia, KY 42724 270-735-5192 270-862-4462

12 miles West of Elizabethtown

HEREFORDS

WCN Polled Herefords

Since 1961

Bill Norris

2220 Celina Road Burkesville, KY 42717

Phone (270) 433-7256 Cell (270) 433-1525

“Every calf needs a white face”

Bulls & Females for sale

Tim & Peggy Wolf

Tucker Stock Farms

don Birk and dale Stith Inducted into Hereford Hall of Merit Lackey named KCARD executive director

KANSAS CITY, MO — Don Birk, El Dorado Springs, Mo., and Dale Stith, Mays Lick, Ky., were inducted to the Hereford Hall of Merit Oct. 22 at the American Hereford Association (AHA) Annual Meeting and Conference in Kansas City, Mo. Hall of Merit induct ees have greatly influenced the Hereford breed and cattle industry.

Don Birk grew up in southeast Missouri on a di versified farming operation. Don’s family grew crops and Hereford cattle, and they exhibited at local live stock shows. Don graduated from high school in 1965 and attended Southeast Missouri State University for three years, before transferring to Missouri State University (Mizzou) in 1968. It was at Mizzou that Don joined the livestock judging team and met Glenn Richardson. Don developed a close relationship with Glenn and graduated from Mizzou in 1970.

In 1971, Don got a life-changing call from Glenn to return to Mizzou as a graduate assistant coaching the livestock judging team. When Glenn switched jobs about a month into Don’s tenure — Don took over Glenn’s students and coached the Mizzou livestock judging team to a national championship in 1971.

Upon finishing his time at Mizzou, Don joined the Drovers Journal in 1972 as a fieldman and worked with the publication for six years. While working for the Drovers Journal, Don gathered experience selling advertising and working livestock sales. In April of 1973, Don and his wife, Linda, were married.

Don then joined Eddie Sims with National Cattle Services Inc. to provide ring service, marketing and photography. Don developed his photography skills at National Cattle Services, and he stayed with the company until 1982, when he started his own busi ness, Birk Enterprises. As catalogs have gone from printing in black and white to color and live auctions have transitioned to online sales, Don has been there through it all.

A pioneer in the livestock photography industry, Don worked with Hereford breeders exclusively until the late ‘90s, when he began working with cattle of all breeds. Don has spent many years working with breeders from across the U.S, providing ring service and picturing cattle. Some of Don’s first clients were Glenkirk Farms, Maysville, Mo., ACE Polled Herefords, Poughkeepsie, N.Y., Mohican Farms, Glen mont, Ohio, and Beartooth Ranch, Columbus, Mont. Since getting that call from Glenn to return to Miz zou, Don’s career has spanned 51 years. While Don enjoys the cattle, he is especially passionate about the breeders, ranchers and business owners he’s been able to meet.

Dale Stith took an interest in cattle at a very early age under the tutelage of his father, Ralph, who was an accomplished herdsman that managed the 250 polled Hereford cows on their farm in Stith Valley. Dale attended cattle shows and sales with his father

beginning at the age of six. His early interest in the cattle business sparked a lifelong, passionate career in the Hereford breed.

Dale would work long hours on the family farm, and then groom a show string of cattle. He would load his string into a gooseneck trailer and show across the state of Kentucky. He showed at as many as 14 county fairs a summer, including the Kentucky State Fair, where he won many awards. Dale and his father had a keen eye for evaluating and selecting top genetics in the Hereford breed.

Dale is the oldest of three children. He graduated from Meade County High School in 1970, where he was president of the Meade County FFA chapter. He was later elected Kentucky State FFA President. Dale attended the University of Kentucky, where he was president of Alpha Gamma Rho fraternity, active in the Block and Bridle Club and a member of the Omi cron Delta Kappa senior honorary. He graduated with bachelor’s degrees in animal science and agricultural education in 1974.

Upon graduation, Dale returned to the farm where he continued building the family’s purebred Hereford herd. However, he was eager to expand his horizons beyond his family’s herd.

Dale is a master marketeer and has been a passionate promoter of the Hereford breed for most of his life. Dale’s original post-graduation plan was to teach high school agriculture classes. However, when one of Dale’s mentors, A.W. “Ham” Hamilton, was preparing to retire, he encouraged Dale to attend auctioneer school. The class was two weeks long and Dale graduated in January of 1975. He auctioneered for the first time at the Kentucky Hereford Association’s annual meeting, selling directory advertisements. In the years following, Dale spent his time selecting cattle, auctioning cattle, photographing cattle, and assisting breeders. His loyalty to the Hereford breed, cattle marketing skills and cow sense would propel him to become one of the preeminent auctioneers in North America.

Dale has three children and seven grandchildren. He currently resides on a 50-acre farm in Mays Lick, Ky., with his partner, lover and friend, Elizabeth. Dale is involved in his community and was a magistrate on Meade County’s fiscal court. He also served many years as the Meade County Fair Board manager.

Dale has worked with Hereford breeders big and small from coast to coast and all across Canada. He is a mentor and friend to many and has an unmatched passion for Hereford cattle.

The American Hereford Association, with headquarters in Kansas City, Mo., is one of the largest U.S. beef breed associations. The not-for-profit organization along with its subsidiaries — Certified Hereford Beef (CHB) LLC, Hereford Publications Inc. (HPI) and American Beef Records Asso ciation (ABRA) — provides programs and services for its members and their customers, while promoting the Hereford breed and supporting education, youth and research. For press releases and photos, visit Hereford.org/media.

ELIZABETHTOWN, KY - The Kentucky Center for Agriculture and Rural Develop ment (KCARD) board has announced Brent Lackey has been appointed KCARD's new executive director, effective November 1.

“The KCARD board is excited to have Brent serve as the next executive director for KCARD," said Eddie Melton, KCARD board president. "Brent brings over 15 years of ex perience doing cooperative and business de velopment for KCARD that will allow him to provide the leadership and vision needed for the organization to continue meeting its mission for the state of Kentucky."

As executive director, Lackey will continue KCARD's dedication to facilitating agri cultural and rural business development in Kentucky.

“It is truly an honor and very humbling to be hired as the new executive director of KCARD,” said Lackey. “I strongly believe in its mission, and due to growing up on a farm in the rural community of Pembroke, KY, the clientele of KCARD holds a very special place in my heart. KCARD has become an important part of Kentucky agriculture under the leadership of Aleta Botts and before her, Larry Snell.” Brent Lackey has worked for KCARD for over 16 years, most recently serving as a Senior Business Development Specialist. Before working at KCARD, Brent served as the General Manager for the Kentucky Produce & Aquaculture Alliance and Cumberland Farm Products. Brent graduated from Tran sylvania University with a Bachelor’s degree in Economics, and he received a Master’s degree in Agricultural Economics from the University of Kentucky. Brent has been mar ried to his wife, Cindy, for 24 years, and they have two children, John and Hannah.

“I truly believe KCARD’s best days are ahead, and I am excited and ready to go to work to lead KCARD into the future,” said Lackey.

The Kentucky Center for Agriculture and Rural Development fosters business success and growth by developing and delivering technical assistance and by providing educational opportunities for agricultural and rural businesses seeking to enhance their economic opportunities. For more information, visit www.kcard.info and follow KCARD on Facebook.

Daniel Gettings

John Buck: (606) 474-7451 • (606) 922-8174 2494 South St. Hwy. 7, Grayson, KY. 41143 johnbuck474@windstream.net

406-587-4531 • simmental.org

DEC

JAN 5-6 KCA Convention Lexington, KY 32-35

JAN

JAN

FEB 1-3 NCBA Cattle Industry Convention and Trade Show New Orleans, LA 8

FEB 15-18 National Farm Machinery Show Louisville, KY

FEB 18 Yon Family Farms Spring Sale

FEB 25 Pleasant Hill Farms Early March Madness Bull & Heifer Sale Bowling Green, KY 3

FEB 27 Robert Elliott & Sons 88th Anniversary Production Sale Adams, TN

FEB 27 Woodall Angus Buyer’s Choice Bull Sale Quality, KY 21

MARCH 3-5 Kentucky Beef Expo Louisville, KY

MARCH 4 Judd Ranch 45th Gelbvieh, Balancer & Red Angus Bull Sale Pomona, KS

MARCH 6 Stone Gate Farms Annual Production Sale Flemingsburg, KY 9

APRIL 8 Knoll Crest Farm’s Spring Bull & Female Sale Red House, VA

REGISTERED

RED ANGUS BULLS FOR SALE

FOUR WINDS FARM N ew Castle, Kentucky (502) 296-1044

PERFORMANCE TESTED PUREBRED ANGUS BULLS FOR SALE Call 270-202-7186 for more info or check out www.oakhollowangus.com for current availability.

POLLED HERFORD BULLS FOR SALE

19-20 month old Polled Hereford bulls. Good selection. Low birthweight, medium frame. Free Delivery Available. JMS Polled Herefords, Knifley, KY Danny 270-566-2694 Trent 270-566-2000

FOUNDATION SALE VIII

September 17, 2022, 1 PM CST United Producers Facility, Bowling Green, KY Selling FULLBLOOD & PUREBRED LIMOUSIN Genetics • To consign or for catalog call: A C H Holdings, LLC Stephen Haynes 270-799-8685

REGISTERED BLACK SIMMENTAL BULLS

Many blaze faced. Excellent EPD’s. Semen Tested. Delivery Available. Maximize your profit with proven performance. All bulls qualify for new CAIP cost-share. Adam Wheatley 502-349-2665

BREEDING AGE HEREFORD BULLS FOR SALE AT ALL TIMES Over 60 years of Line 1 Hereford Genetics. Groups of open and bred heifers available for sale at all times. Chambliss Hereford Farms. 270-668-7126

RED ANGUS, SIMANGUS, CHAROLAIS, ANGUS FOR SALE

Red Hill Farms, Lafayette, TN, 615-666-3098 Bart, Sarah and Ty Jones Gordon and Susan Jones, 270-991-2663 Visit us online - www.RedHillFarms.net Contact us for cattle and semen availability. Annual Production Sales: More Than a Bull Sale – 3rd Saturday in March Maternal Monday – 3rd Monday in May Bulls & Females of Fall Sale –Last Saturday in October

RED ANGUS FOR SALE

Bulls: Yearlings and 2-year-olds. Open Heifers. Show Heifer Prospects. Contact: Johnnie Cundiff 606-305-6443 or 606-871-7438

Artex SB200 spreader in stock new Farmco Cattle Feeders- 25 in stock Kubota 75 skid loader 2005-Red Gooseneck-6’8-20 ft JD 6400-cab- $34,000 Meyer TMR mixers- in stock Cloverdale 420-500 T - in stock 1402/03 Horning Rotary Headers

John Deere 3955- with horning processor Lancaster hammermills- ready to go 4218-22 Esch hay tedders- in stock John Deere 6400-12 speed loader- 4wd WLS 50- New • Stoltzfus -LIME -LITTERFERTILIZER Spreader John Deere 4020 -3 to choose from Manure spreaders- 8 in-stock John Deere 7200- cab -16 speed • 5612 Esch High speed Grain Drill • John Deere 3975base unit- $30,000 • Artex SB 600 Spreader -in stock • John Deere 468 - net $16,500

John Deere 566- twine $12,000 Stoltzfus 10 ton Litter spreader $$$$ New Holland 790 choppers-$9500 Gehl 8335 feeder wagon $7500 Artex SB 200- vertical beater- for rental Farmco feeder wagons-5 in stock-call John Deere 6300- 4 wd- cab-12 speed-$35,000

WWW.REDBARNANDASSOCIATES.COM

Charlie B. Edgington 859-608-9745

BRED ANGUS HEIFERS

To calve in the Spring as 2 year olds. Gentle, fertile, moderate framed from a mature herd. Bred to easy calving Angus bull. Some are Registered Angus. $1800 each without transferring reg. papers. First buyer take at least 8. 270-537-4225.

BSE TESTED YEARLING SIMMENTAL BULLS

EPD’s that qualify for both heifer acceptable and terminal sires. Quality backed by 40 years of AI breeding. Ideal choice for crossbreeding. 502-839-6651 or 502-260-7884

Creating Opportunities in a Challenging Season

Dr. Katie VanValin Extension Professor, University of Kentucky

2022 has been a challenging year for so many across the commonwealth. From starting off the year with the western Kentucky region still reeling from December’s devastating tornadoes to the catastrophic flooding that ravaged Eastern Kentucky. A drought impacted forage production in the fall, and many experienced additional challenges when drought returned this fall. In addition to the environmental challenges, economic uncertainty has also created challenges for beef producers. Unfortunately, many of the greatest challenges we face in agriculture are largely out of our control. While it is easy to focus on these challenges, the optimist in me always tries to find the opportunities in the midst of a challenge. Below are a few opportunities I commonly see when talking with producers about their feeding programs.

Implants are by no means a new technology, in fact some of the earliest research that led to the development of implants was published in the 1950’s, and since then many studies have proven time and time again, implants increase weight gain, and improve feed efficiency. In fact, I consider implants to be one of the most predictable and consistent management practices in all of beef cattle production! Implants are a tool that can be used to enhance the feeding program. Today there are many options available for implanting cattle. Implants differ in the type and amount of hormone they contain as well as their payout period (i.e. the time the implant is affective). For cow-calf producers, calfhood implants can be a great opportunity to increase weaning weight. Research shows about a 0.10-0.20 lb increase in ADG, which can come out to a 20+ pound advantage in weaning weight. Like everything else we purchase, the cost of implants has increased.

However, calfhood implants today run about $1.75/head. Assuming a calf price of $178/cwt, a 500 lb calf would be worth $890, whereas if that same calf had been implanted and weighed 523 lbs. this calf would be worth $930 dollars. My advice for producers regarding implants is always this: unless you are getting paid a premium for not implanting calves that would overcome the lost profit opportunity from not implanting (in this case $11/cwt), we absolutely should be implanting the calves.

Forages make up the majority of most diets that are fed on operations in Kentucky, and at some point, in the year that means feeding stored forages. For most that comes in the form of dry hay fed during the winter months. Unlike other food stuffs that may have a consistent nutrient profile, forages can vary greatly in their nutrient quality. This variation is due in part to plant species, but also the stage of maturity at harvest has a big influence on what the nutrient quality of hay will be. Because of the inconsistencies across hay, it is important to have hay tested for nutrient content. Using the results from hay testing can allow you to feed your best quality hay to cattle that have the highest nutrient requirements (i.e. lactating cows and weaned calves), while feeding poorer quality when cows have a lower nutrient requirement such as during mid-gestation. Knowing hay quality can help to make sure the right hay is fed to the right cow at the right time. This information can also be used to determine the most economical supplement to feed when needed. For more information and resources for hay testing, reach out to your local county extension office.

When selecting a supplement for the cow herd one of the first things to consider is what nutrients are

being provided in the hay, and what is lacking? Is the hay short on protein, energy, or both? Then look for supplemental feeds that can fill those gaps. It’s important to always compare prices of supplemental feeds on a cost per lb of TDN or protein, this creates a fair comparison when looking at feeds that differ in TDN and protein content. Another approach to pricing supplements is to use the UK Beef Forage Supplement Tool, which can be found with a simple google search. This tool allows you to input your hay test results and then select supplement options. The tool will tell you how much (if any) of each supplement is required to feed. If you know the cost of your supplement options, then you can take the results from the calculator and determine the cost per head per day for each option. For example, a particular hay may require 3 lbs of supplemental DDGS to meet the energy and protein requirements of a lactating cow. If that DDGS cost $288/Ton, then the cost to supplement would be $0.43 per head per day. Taking the time to pencil out supplement options can really pay off in the end. Keep in mind what is cheaper on a cost per ton basis may not actually be the cheapest supplement option available. Likewise, what was cheapest last year may not be the cheapest option this year. There are also regional differences in costs across the state, so work with your local feed dealer to see what the best option might be for your scenario.

As 2022 comes to a close, I hope that you can take a few minutes to search for and identify the opportunities on your own operation. I also hope that you can create an opportunity to spend time enjoying the holiday season with friends and family. We will see you in 2023!

TIMELY TIPS FOR DECEMBER

Spring-Calving Cow Herd

• Be sure that weaned heifer calves are on a feeding program that will enable them to reach about 65% of their mature weight about 30 days before the start of the breeding season. Rations should be balanced to achieve gains sufficient to get heifers from their current weight to that “target” weight.

• Body condition is important, plan an adequate winter program for cows to be at least body condition score 5 (carrying enough flesh to cover the ribs) before the calving and breeding season. This will help them to breed early in the spring. Thin cows should be fed to regain body condition prior to winter. Don’t let cows lose weight/condition. Supplementation will most likely be needed. Find low-cost supplemental feeds to meet the nutrient needs of cattle.

• Divide the herd into groups for winter feeding

• weaned heifer calves

• first-calf heifers, second-calvers and thin mature cows

• the remainder of the dry cows which are in good

body condition

• herd sires

• Begin feeding the lowest quality forage to dry cows which are in good condition during early winter and save the best hay for calving time or for weaned calves.

• Order and number ear tags for next year’s calf crop this winter. It is also a good time to catch up on freeze branding and replacing lost ear tags.

Fall-Calving Cow Herd

• Get breeding supplies together, if using estrous synchronization and/or A.I.

• Have Breeding Soundness Evaluation (BSE) per formed on bulls (even if you used them this spring).

• The fall breeding season starts. Breeding can best be accomplished on stockpiled fescue pasture; other wise, cows with calves should be fed 25-30 pounds of good quality hay or its equivalent. Supplement with grain, if needed, and minimize hay waste. DON’T ALLOW THESE COWS TO LOSE BODY CONDITION

PRIOR TO OR DURING THE BREEDING SEASON. It is easy to wait too long to start winter feeding. Don’t do it unless you have stockpiled fescue.

• Nutrition level of cows during the first 30 days after conception is critical. Pay attention.

• Observe performance of bulls during breeding season. Watch cows for return to estrus, if you see several in heat, try to determine the cause and consider changing bulls.

General

• Complete soil testing pasture to check for fertility and pH.

• Consider putting down geotextile fabric and covering with gravel in feeding areas before you begin hay feeding to minimize waste of expensive hay. Or, perhaps, construct concrete feeding pads for winter feeding areas.

• Monitor body condition and increase feed, if needed, for all classes of cattle.