Everything About 410 Stainless Steel Tubes

410 is the basic, general purpose stainless steel grade that is used for highly stressed parts. It contains a minimum of 11.5% chromium, providing good corrosion resistance properties in mild atmospheres like steam and mild chemical environments. A 410 stainless steel tube supplier may provide 410 tubes for various applications.

410 stainless steel is often supplied in hardened conditions, but it is still machineable to use in applications with moderate heat, high strength and corrosion resistance. The material shows maximum corrosion when it is hardened, tempered and polished; hence most pipes are available in this form.

Key features

The products you obtain from a 410 stainless steel tube supplier are made of martensitic steel, which has more corrosion resistance than austenitic grades of stainless steel. Heat treatment can enhance this material's corrosion resistance and strength. 410 stainless steel tubes have high strength and hardness and high carbon content. This makes it excellent in edge retention and wear resistance after hardening due to the formation of chromium carbide compounds. This grade of stainless steel also has high-temperature oxidation and scaling resistance. Also, these tubes are quite affordable due to their low alloy content and great thermal conductivity.

Coming to its composition, 410 stainless steel consists of manganese, silicon, carbon, sulphur, nickel, and phosphorus, apart from chromium. All elements other than chromium make up only one or less than one percent of the material. But it is balanced out by the addition of iron. When 410 stainless steel is annealed, it achieves minimum tensile strength of 65000 psi and a minimum yield offset of 30000 psi. Also, the material can be elongated 20% in 2 inches.

However, its properties change when the alloy is hardened. Its tensile strength increases to 205000 psi upon hardening, and yield offset increases to 185000 psi. But its elongation ability comes down to 8% in 2 inches, and the hardness also decreases. 410 stainless steel has a melting point of 2729 F, a density of 7.65 grams per cm cube, a specific gravity of 7.65, and its modulus of elasticity is 200 GPa. Also, the mean coefficient of thermal expansion of 410 alloy lies between 9.9 to 11.5 degree Celsius, depending on the temperature. Although its mechanical properties reduce at temperatures between 400 to 580 degree Celsius, it still shows good scaling resistance even at temperatures as high as 650 degree Celsius.

Corrosion resistance

410 stainless steel tubes are used in a wide range of applications since the material shows excellent corrosion resistance to water, air, steam, hot gases, and mild acids. It also indicates good resistance in chemical media like nitric acid, ammonia, naphtha, dilute acetic acid, as well as concentrated sulphuric acid. The corrosion resistance is even better in food acids. Upon its maximum hardening, its resistance also reaches its maximum. Since 410 shows less corrosion resistance than austenitic and ferritic grades due to their higher chromium content, it is always given a good finish for better results.

Heat treatment

This steel grade can be completely annealed between a temperature range of 815 to 900 degrees Celsius, followed by slow furnace cooling and air cooling. For hardening, the ideal temperatures range from 925 to 1010 degrees Celsius, which is followed by air cooling and oil quenching. Then the material is tempered to enhance its existing hardness. Also, 410 stainless steel is very easy to weld, but it should be heated up to 150 to 260 degrees Celsius and annealed after welding to avoid cracking.

Applications of 410 stainless steel tubes

410 stainless steel tubes and pipes are mainly used for their properties like high tensile strength, dimensional accuracy, high yielding strength, and smooth surface finish. The material also shows an ability to withstand high temperatures and a highpressure atmosphere, long functionality, welding ability, and resist general corrosion and several acids.

Due to these properties, 410 stainless steel tubes are applied in the petrochemical industry, pharmaceutical industry, pipeline systems, gas processing, offshore oil drilling industry, power generations, speciality chemicals, pulp and paper industry, heat exchangers, buildings and construction, condensers, etc. They are also used in the energy, food processing, refining, shipbuilding, metallurgy, and aerospace industries. Other applications of 410 tubes include using them in heat exchangers, trailers, railway cars, automotive trims, threaded fasteners, kitchen equipment and appliances like sinks, benches, troughs, chemical containers for transport, architectural applications, and woven or welded screens for quarrying, mining and water filtration.

Bottom line

410 stainless steel tubes are used in various applications across various industries due to their exceptional properties like corrosion resistance, high tensile strength, good weldability, etc. Hence, 410 stainless steel is called general purpose steel due to its wide range of applications

Source:

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