ARCHITECTURAL SSL • Chronicling the Advancement of LEDs in the Built Environment
TAKE HEED. Does lighting need to become so intertwined with other
building systems that it becomes incomprehensible to maintain? Or is additional complexity simply the future?
I N T E G R AT E D L I G H T I N G
The Utopic Promise of
the ‘Internet of Things' Strong buildings need solid foundations, and where structural foundations require hard earth, interactive controls require reliable communication.
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AT THE FRONT The business of lighting part 2 explores how lighting designers and owners can work together better with some simple strategies.
SSL BUZZ DOE releases its latest roadmap; the Roman Forum goes LED; Cleveland jumps on board LED for its Metro line; and RGB rocks a Little Rock icon.
SSL PROJECTS Cornell University's Brown Institute for Media Innovation, an IALD 2015 honoree, bends the boundaries of simple interior illumination.
NUMBER 39 • AUGUST 2015 www.architecturalssl.com
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26
20
BUZZ
PERSPECTIVES
33 Project Profile: Brown Institute, Cornell University.
07 Seen in the Right Light
05 LED Insights
DOE releases roadmap for 2016 and beyond.
37 Project Profile: The streets of Lech am Arlberg,
09 All on Board with SSL
I loved my Blackberry, but it’s pretty much a dead technology; shouldn’t fluorescent lighting go the same route? By Jim Crockett
Austria
Cleveland retrofits part of its mass transit system with LED.
48 SSL Observed 11 Director’s Cut Re-envisioning the Roman Forum in more a film style.
02 • 08.15 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL
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Memories of muscle cars don’t hold up when really compared them to today’s tech. What about incandescent sources? By Kevin Willmorth
“Emerging new technologies flood markets with a plethora of exciting newness that blurs the line between what ‘needs’ to be done and what ‘can’ be done.”
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37
FEATURES
DESIGN & PRODUCTS
14 Market Setting Feature: The Internet of Things
40 White Pages Advancing luminaire design.
When short-lived technical creations are integrated into buildings expected to last for decades, a potential for failure emerges. Can we afford to integrate perishable technologies into buildings? by Kevin Willmorth
20 At the Front: The Business of Lighting Part 2 Illumination for people, places and things: When it’s good, it’s very good. But who’s to blame when the result is visibly lacking? Can they be prevented? by Vilma Barr
42 Advances Spot lights, track lights, linear ambient,pendants, task lighting, drivers, power supplies, cove lighting, area lighting.
Architectural SSL, Vol. 9, No. 4 (ISSN# 1941-8388) is published five times per year by Construction Business Media. Publication Office: Construction Business Media, 579 First Bank Drive, Suite 220, Palatine, IL 60067; 847 359 6493; www.architecturalssl.com. (Copyright © 2015 by Construction Business Media) POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Architectural SSL Magazine, 519 East Briarcliff Road, Bolingbrook, IL 60440.
26 Featured Project: The Number 6, Turin Italy LEDs transform a circa1660 palazzo in Turin, Italy into an adaptive reuse gem for 36 apartments, with a courtyard illuminated like a still-life portrait. by Vilma Barr
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Coµµ§∑T±R∞
NUMBER 39 • AUGUST 2015 www.architecturalssl.com Gary Redmond
Managing Partner Director, Publishing Operations gary@architecturalssl.com
Tim Shea
Managing Partner Director, Business Development tim@architecturalssl.com
Enough Already: No More Fluorescent clunky, poor web-performing technology when
Dave Pape
EDITORIAL Jim Crockett 847 359 6493 Kevin Willmorth Megan Mazzocco 847 359 6493
Vice President Director, Art & Production dave@architecturalssl.com Editorial Director jimc@architecturalssl.com Editor kevin@architecturalssl.com Senior Editor megan@architecturalssl.com
CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Vilma Barr Barbara Horwitz-Bennett Ellen Lampert-Greaux Chuck Ross
vilma@architecturalssl.com barbara@architecturalssl.com ellen@architecturalssl.com chuck@architecturalssl.com
Jan Bottiglieri
Copy Editor
DESIGN & PRODUCTION Dave Pape Art Director dave@architecturalssl.com Lauren Lenkowski Alex Mastera
Associate Art Director lauren@architecturalssl.com Graphic Designer alex@architecturalssl.com
ADVERTISING SALES Gary Redmond 847 359 6493 gary@architecturalssl.com
Tim Shea 847 359 6493 tim@architecturalssl.com
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David Haggett 847 934 9123 davidh@architecturalssl.com
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Jim Führer 503 679 5409 jimf@architecturalssl.com
Bob Fox 917 273 8062 bob@architecturalssl.com
SUBSCRIPTION INQUIRIES There is no charge for subscriptions to qualified requestors in the U.S. All other annual subscriptions will be charged $39 for standard delivery or $55 for air mail delivery. For subscriptions, inquiries or address changes, call 630 739 0900 ext. 100.
I loved my Blackberry, but it’s now irrelevant technology. Can’t we make the same argument about fluorescent lighting?
you can have any variety of actually “smart” communication devices? Next question, why the love affair with fluorescent in the first place? Is it because it’s cheap, or is it just what the community is used to? It’s not just me who thinks the source sucks.
Sometimes I feel like I’m living in a virtual reality.
HBO commentator/comedian John Oliver gave
In planning and producing Architectural SSL,
the tech a shot in a story he reported about
I’m immersed in all things LED. Then there’s
Lowes using robots to aid customers. Robots, he
Lightfair, which is almost exclusively LED in its
argued, wouldn’t make sense because they don’t
wares. If you were to pick up any lighting publi-
have the wherewithal to defuse the explosive
cation at that show and look at the ads, they’re
arguments between couples that are bound
99% LED products. Now compare that reality
to happen, because home improvement stores
to the winners feted at Lightfair in the annual
involve four relationship-killing factors:
IALD, GE Edison and Cooper Source Awards—
1) spending money, 2) long-term planning,
very few of those projects involved LED, at least
3) reconciling tastes, and 4) fluorescent lighting.
non-colored LED. In fact, one winning project
Some people—Walerczyk included—will argue
I had targeted for coverage this issue, upon
there are benefits to that sterile, cold light, par-
further investigation, turned out to have had a
ticularly in offices and classrooms. Not me—in
fairly minor SSL angle. As Jerry Seinfeld might
my world, basic ambient lighting should involve
ask: what’s the deal?
as much daylight as possible, combined with task
It’s certainly a world easier to find both LED
lighting and appropriate accent lights where
products and projects than it was 8 years ago
needed. You’ve heard it before, so I’ll stop there.
when we launched this magazine. LEDs, cer-
But in instances where you may need more
tainly, are more mainstream as the volume of
ambient light, and there is no natural light avail-
replacement products on the shelves of the likes
able—such as in a lecture hall—just take a look
of Home Depot attest. But as legendary football
at what Buro Happold came up with at Columbia
coach Bear Bryant once said, “don’t confuse
University, as featured in the Project Profile.
activity for accomplishment.” In fact, in an
Moving forward, be warned: content appearing
LED retrofit story we’re running in our sister
in these pages will be about raking muck. We’ve
publication Architectural Products, its author
been publishing this magazine for 8 years, and
and frequent SSL contributor Stan Walerczyk
frankly we’re declaring war on complacency.
noted the newest fluorescent fixtures can give
Through a lot of soul-searching, Kevin Willmorth
any LED troffer a run for its money. But given
and I have identified many of the things that we
SSL developments like color tuning and greater
believe are still barriers to greater SSL adoption,
controllability—what’s the point? Yes you can
and like John Oliver, we’re going to broadcast
get a few more years out of your old troffers, but
those issues. We’ll keep harping on them until we
think of fluorescents in terms of AC units: new
see change. If you don’t like that, might I interest
environmental regulations have made old units
you in a gently used phone?•
illegal, even if they only need recharging. It’s an inevitable change. Here’s another analogy: I’ve learned the hard way that old furnaces just
A Publication of Construction Business Media
Member:
don’t work with digital thermostats—so if you’re entrenched in the fluorescent world, don’t be thinking you’re going to do the NEST thing. And back to my Blackberry reference up top, why use
www.architecturalssl.com
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Jim Crockett, editorial director
ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 08.15 • 05
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Forecasted U.S. Energy Savings NEW HYBRID DOE ROADMAP SAYS LED COULD LEAD TO SAVINGS OF 261 TWH
Forecasted Savings if DOE Program Goals are Realized…
Residential Commercial Industrial Outdoor
To call the DOE bullish on LED is an understatement, especially as shown in the agency’s latest Solid-State Lighting R&D Plan, a report consolidating the Multi-Year Program Plan and the SSL Manufacturing R&D Roadmap. Though, as the report notes, LED-based lamps comprised just 5% of overall lamp sales in 2014, they see energy savings from LED/OLED lamps/luminaires totaling up to 261 terawatt-hours (TWh) per year by 2030. With LEDs currently making up less than 10% of global lighting installations, the authors see further R&D as essential in enabling the technology to reach its true potential. As adoption ABOVE: The projected savings in site electricity consumption of 395 TWh in 2030, would correspond to about 4.5 quads of primary source energy, which is nearly twice the projected electricity generation of wind power and 20x solar. power in 2030.
ramps up over the next five years—last year, DOE estimated LED products could account for nearly half of all U.S. lighting shipments by 2020—this added research could play a big role in ensuring successful applications. The table in the report outlines just how signifi-
Forecasted U.S. LED Market Share
cant the growth in market share is expected to be over the next 15 years. Although these products already have had a big impact in street and roadway use, for example, surpassing 20% of all 2014
APPLiCATiO∑
2014
2020
2030
GENERAL SERVICE
4%
55%
> 99%
DIRECTIONAL
6%
26%
74%
2030. This move from various incandescent and
DECORATIVE
1%
31%
94%
fluorescent technologies to LEDs will have a huge
LINEAR FIXTURE
4%
44%
83%
impact on overall energy use, with the potential
LOW/HIGH BAY
3%
36%
73%
to cut site electricity consumption by 40%, vs.
TOTAL INDOOR
3%
42%
81%
what would be consumed were LEDs not a part
STREET/ROADWAY
21%
83%
99%
of any lighting portfolio. As the figure illustrates,
PARKING LOT
12%
74%
99%
reaching even more ambitious goals by 2030
GARAGE
8%
67%
> 99%
BUILDING EXTERIOR
11%
71%
99%
TOTAL OUTDOOR
14%
75%
99%
TOTAL ALL
6%
48%
84%
shipments in this category, they are expected to account for virtually all such shipments by
could increase energy savings by an added 20%, for a total 60% reduction in site energy use. So, what does DOE’s SSL team see as the elements of their R&D plan most critical? Stating that, “When it comes to U.S. energy and carbon savings, more than 95% of [SSL’s] potential remains untapped,” the authors outlined a number
ABOVE: Projections show that LED lighting will make up nearly half of all lighting shipments by 2020, and 84% by 2030; the highest market penetration today is street/roadway lighting (21%). It is projected to hit 83% market share by 2020.
of key issues and challenges to be targeted for Z
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Y
DOE-supported research. These include: Basic materials improvements, including better emitter materials. Advancing emitter designs. Higher integration levels, through, for example, flexible integration of package, driver and optics into an LED module and flexible manufacturing process to enable customizable levels. Improved light utilization, through luminaire optics development and by targeting new levels of control, such as beam steering. Smarter controls and sensors. R&D targets for OLEDs center on three key goals meant to address technical challenges, including: Performance improvements, especially to boost efficacy. Product differentiation to accelerate OLED marketability by developing
CULTURAL FACILITIES: WARSAW NATIONAL MUSEUM
luminaires that emphasize its unique
Conserving Artwork and Energy
attributes of flexibility and shape-conformability. Cost reductions, especially in yield
Housing Poland’s largest art collection, the
and reliability improvements in manu-
Warsaw National Museum, like many such galler-
facturing and the ability to fabricate
ies, had long depended on halogen spotlights to
OLED products on flexible substrates.
illuminate its displays. A recent lighting upgrade
These priorities for DOE funding
to an LED-based system capitalizes on the new
were identified through a series of
technology’s flexibility to create a better visi-
roundtables and workshops with in-
tor experience, while also saving energy (and
dustry stakeholders. Addressing these
reducing the artwork’s exposure to damaging UV
issues, however, could be difficult given
radiation).
current program guidelines. “They may
The museum’s 100W halogen fixtures have
require longer term R&D, government
been replaced with a mix of 20W and 25W ARCOS
led industry group cooperation, or may
spotlights from Zumtobel. The new luminaires
be outside of … defined funding levels,”
feature the high color rendering capabilities
the report authors explained.
curators demanded, along with built-in “tunable-
However, by identifying these ad-
White” technology—installation designers can
ditional priorities, the report may spark
adjust color temperature at the fixture or via the
interest from universities, government
lighting management system to best highlight
labs, professional associations and
individual paintings, sculptures and other art-
other groups with a stake in further-
work. The new fixtures, combined with presence
ing adoption of LED and OLED lighting
detectors and other controls, have reduced the
technologies.•
museum’s energy consumption by 40%.•
08 • 08.15 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL
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THREE OUT OF FIVE GALLERIES HAVE BEEN CONVERTED TO THE SYSTEM; TWO OTHERS WILL FOLLOW.
ABOVE: One of the first “tunable” white projects in the country, the fixtures allow the color temperature to adjust to each individual work of art.
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MASS TRANSIT: METRO CLEVELAND RTA
Night and Day Difference
Welcome To The Family Sternberg's
Rialta®
The Greater Cleveland Rapid Transit Authority has 50 million riders and serves 38 cities in the area. The Water Front Line, which serves the Browns stadium and other downtown venues, was due for renovation in 2013. Among the planned improvements was the lighting for all five stations on the line. The old fluorescent and metal halide lighting had been in place for 19 years, and was difficult to maintain. RTA turned to EYE Lighting and specifically its Aphos LED area fixtures and LEDioc replacement lamps. “EYE was involved from the start, and really helped us select the right solution for both the buildings and the platforms,” said Matt Marotta, RTA project manager. The retrofit, he noted, will save thousands annually now that lighting maintenance is virtually a non-issue. “The energy savings is a bonus,” says Marotta, but more so, riders are happy. “They are telling us they like the new environ-
Rialta, The New Stardard In Light Column Design The Monolithic cannular design of Rialta® incorporates three stylish luminous tops. Lensed models incorporate a state of the art LED optical system that provides uniform surface brightness and even illumination. Rialta® mounts to the walkway via an invisible mounting system, giving a modern seamless appearance. For more information visit sternberglighting.com
ment and feel more safe and secure in our stations.” Project installation was handled by the Millstone Management Group, Cleveland. According to Chris Huntley, Millstone’s VP, after a quality assurance review, the contractor had a few special manufacturing requests to streamline installation. “The EYE response and follow-through was extraordinary. They reviewed the product with our installers, made project-specific changes, and delivered on schedule.” The city will continue to upgrade and renovate stations on other RTA lines using the EYE luminaires, according to Marotta•
sternberglighting.com 800.621.3376
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FACADE ILLUMINATION: UNION PLAZA
“EACH FIXTURE IS INDIVIDUALLY ADDRESSED. THIS CREATES THE ABILITY TO CONTROL UP-LIGHTS SEPARATELY FROM DOWN LIGHTS, PROVIDING A BAND OF COLOR AROUND THE TOP THAT IS INDEPENDENT OF THE DOWNLIGHT.”
Putting Architecture on Display
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The Union Plaza Building is known in Little Rock, Ark., for its distinctive International Style design, but the existing exterior lighting system was causing major maintenance headaches. Now its soaring, pin-stripe-style granite columns are
Introducing 1043 Up & Accent Fixtures
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Each American-made luminaire is expertly crafted and arrives ready to install with factory fitted, integrated high-density array (HDA) LEDs.
brightened the mood of building managers along
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color-changing LED lighting system that has with the building, itself. Project designer Paul James, with the local firm of Curtis Stout, replaced the old highpressure sodium fixtures with a combination of Dyna Drum HO and Dyna Flood QA luminaires from Acclaim Lighting. Installed 15 ft. from the top of the building, each fixture is individually addressable, so up-lights
EXPERIENCE THE VISTA DIFFERENCE
and down-lights can be controlled separately. Now building managers can create a separate
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throughout the year.•
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ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING: ROMAN FORUM
Bringing History to Light Oscar-winning cinematographer Vittorio Storaro along with his daughter Francesca— herself an international architect and lighting designer—got the assignment of a lifetime with a project intended to relight Rome’s ancient Imperial Forums. The installation debuted just in time for the Eternal City’s April 21 birthday. A primary design challenge was developing the right mix of wall-wash and spotlight fixtures. Luminaires with neutral white
K J U
light illuminate the architectural elements peculiar to each forum, such as remnants of the large temples or the Column of Trajan. Warm white light is used as a contrast for all other objects and surfaces. A range of ERCO projectors, floodlights and wallwashers were selected, including the Lightscan and Focalflood façade luminaires, to bring the Storaros’ vision of writing with light to life.•
Geometric Purist Versatile selux.us
ABOVE: Pinpoint lighting accents and the uniform wallwashing of structural elements direct the view of the visitor. Special attention is warranted for the grazing light of Focalflood, which emphasises the texture of the ancient ruins strikingly for an almost three-dimensional effect. The specific use of neutral white and warm white light gives prominence to the architectural structure of the Imperial Forum.
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STATE OF LED: INTELLIGENCE GROWING
LEDs Getting Smarter As Lightfair attendees no doubt noticed, manufacturers are adding intelligent functionality to LED fixtures and lamps at a rapid clip—in fact, the latest LED Smart Lighting Report from lighting-products consultants Alumage Advisors documents a 100% increase in intelligent features in just the last year. Among the specific features the report identifies, the following are leading the pack: 77% of the products tracked are dimmable. 59% offer integrated motion sensors. 49% offer network/controls options. The Boston-based firm anticipates the commercial and industrial market for high-lumen (greater than 5,000 lm) products to increase to between $11 billion and $14 billion by 2020, in part because added of the value smart-lighting features add to LED offerings. As a result, smart lighting products
ABOVE: Olessence Curve is one of a number of OLED concepts now offered by Acuity; (Left) the Osram Omnipoint—the big winner at Lightfair—is a prime example of where smart lighting is headed.
are anticipated to dominate the commercial and industrial market in the next five years.•
LIGHT LIGHT EMITTING DREAMS Awaken your imagination with Lumascape precision engineered LED lighting solutions. Design. Create. Illuminate. www.lumascape.com
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Anaheim Regional Transportation Intermodal Center - Anaheim, CA "Highlighting the unique architectural form of ARTIC with color was critical to the success of the project. The use of the Medley View product with its versatile optic options and use of their tri-chromatic LED chip proved to be the right fit." Michael Lindsey, Associate IALD, MIES, LEED速 AP BD+C HLB Lighting
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By Kevin Willmorth, editor
BUILDINGS DEMAND SOLID FOUNDATIONS. BUT WHERE STRUCTURAL FOUNDATIONS NEED HARD EARTH, UPCOMING INTERACTIVE CONTROLS NEED RELIABLE COMMUNICATION.
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I N T E G R AT E D L I G H T I N G
The Utopic Promise of
the ‘Internet of Things' The infamous Tower of Pisa failed because the
An Obsolete Paradigm?
foundation upon which it sat was inadequate.
Every technical revolution is built on a pillar of
Similar inadequacies in the grounding of
investment. Product manufacturers are not in
advanced controls integration exist today and
the business of ideology, they are in the business
if we’re not careful, forays into the Internet of
of making money. Environmental impact and
Things may repeat similar results.
energy saving are motivating factors—to meet
Why? When short-lived technical creations
of patents, secret formulas, and proprietary
for decades, a potential for failure emerges. This
designs provide windows of opportunity through
begs the question as to whether we can afford to
blocking competitors.
integrate perishable technologies into buildings.
with the desire to freely apply attractive technol-
be answered: Can technology leaders set aside
ogies over an infinite range of design challenges
proprietary market visions to build a stable uni-
at a reasonable cost. Buildings are large, com-
versal platform for advanced integration? Will
plex custom assemblies. No single corporation is
building customers accept constantly changing
capable of providing all of the products neces-
systems requiring regular updates, upgrades and
sary to complete any project. Further, building
rebuilds? Will the Internet of Things (IoT) solve
owners and designers could not care less about
issues between disparate sources, or muddle
product manufacturers’ profit motivation.
these foundational issues to be firmed up.
1508SSLMSF01.indd 15
Paradoxically, this approach directly conflicts
To avoid this scenario, many questions must
issues further? The future of lighting requires
www.architecturalssl.com
customer demand. The conventional approach
are integrated into buildings expected to last
Ideally, all products, even those exclusive in utility to a single source, would work uniformly
ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 08.15 • 15
7/31/15 15:59
with all others, employ interchangeable service components, utilize a single commissioning standard, and share a single communication protocol. This open-source approach has succeeded in other tech-driven markets, like personal computers, while DMX512 and 0–10V dimming are mainstream controls foundations. In transportation, NTCIP 1213 offers a universal standard of communicating between lighting and electrical loads. Other capable semi-open standards, such as Dali, Zigbee, Enocean and Emerge have gained modest strength in a market flooded with manufacturer specific proprietary approaches. Driver manufacturers and OEM fixture makers cannot support enough options to suit every protocol, nor are all available to them. As long as the market remains fractured by a mix of aging simplistic standards, multiple semi-open lowpenetration standards, and numerous proprietary systems, growth in full scale integration will remain slow and painful.
PERFORMANCE CONTRACT
California State, Dominguez Hills, and AT&T are a pair of customers who have adopted Enlighted’s wireless sensor-based control system. An interesting strategy being employed by the company is that they’re essentially leasing the equipment to end users with the notion of actual energy savings dictating system cost. More than 800 sensors are installed at CSUDH.
The Fruit Fly vs. the Tortoise In pace of modern electronics technology, shortlived proprietary features clash with permanent structures built to last decades. Electronics de-
be done. For example: It is plausible to conceive
liver fruit-fly life spans compared to the tortoise-
of a lighting system that delivers changeable
long life of buildings. For this reason, building
color, intensity and quality to match incandes-
owners are conservative in their appraisal of
cent and daylight character, with support to cir-
new technologies, even if that position produces
cadian rhythm of occupants, delivering optimal
short-term losses.
visual performance, a reduction of energy use by
Conversely, slowing growth of technology
90%, response to utility load shedding, no main-
to the pace of the building market would stop
tenance for 20 years, function as a component
advancement, as would demands to adhere to
of a network interacting with other building
one stable specification for decades. The solution
systems in a web of local and global control,
to this dilemma calls for creation of a cooperative
remote connection through the internet, and
agreement between manufacturers—from light
light wave communication to user smart devices.
sources to power supply modules—in how they
This is a massive shift from dumb systems using
are integrated into wired and wireless intercon-
switches and relays. Is such a system necessary?
nections of all types, with a commitment to back-
The question ultimately comes down to not what
ward compatibility for future updates. The Zhaga
“can” be done, but how much of this new capac-
Consortium attempts to establish this for light
ity is “needed.” Does lighting need to become so
modules. Far more is needed, sooner than later.
intertwined with other systems that it becomes
SUPER BUILDING SURVEILANCE
The highly intelligent devices can distinguish people from other heat sources. They also include on-board processors capable of independent decision without the need for centralized control. The sensors can be incorporated into OEM fixtures during manufacturing or installed by end users as a retofit option.
incomprehensible to maintain? Or, is the addiSorting “Can Do” from “Need To”
tional complexity the future?
Emerging new technologies flood markets with a plethora of exciting newness that blurs the line between what “needs” to be done and what “can”
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system components remain unaffected. On a small scale the Philips Hue, WeMo, Wink, Smart Things, Iris and Insteon systems are forms of this. Unfortunately, each of these are built around unique protocols, using proprietary hubs optimized for their own devices. Even those advertised as Zigbee compliant offer limited functionality with competitor Zigbee components. With every component at a different state of development, failure of a hub or network component can cause serious issues, as will updates to firmware, app, or software. On recovery, some devices will re-connect automatically, others will require manual re-connection, while still others will fail to reconnect at all—requiring updates of discrete components or outright replacement. This is a small problem in limited applications. When expanded to the scale of a large commer-
OLD WORLD MEETS NEW
Tatel, a trendy restaurant in Madrid looks traditionally illuminated, In reality, a sophisticated lighting control system from Tridonic—connecDIM—allows the staff to choose any of four different lighting scenes to change the mood in any of the five major areas in the restaurant at any time of day. Both intensity (dimming) and color tuning can also be quickly adjusted.
cial complex, covering lighting, HVAC, security, and the myriad of other building automation connections—each with their own update/upgrade issues and timing—the failure becomes an IT nightmare. This calls for a much more uniform and stable platform on which to build connections between smart devices, wireless interfaces,
Upgrade to Failure Dilemma
TRACKING LUMEN DEPRECIATION, GPS-BASED DAYLIGHTING AND UTILITY THROTTLED ENERGY DELIVERY, ARE AMONG THE POSSIBILITIES WITH THE INTERNET OF THINGS.
appears to be a pathway around standardiza-
The Utopic Promise of the Internet of Things
tion. Use of Android or iOS platforms using open
The concept of smart devices connecting to the
source apps opens the door to low cost inter-
“Internet of Things” promises to deliver fantasy-
faces. Unfortunately, smart device operating sys-
level control and monitoring. Tracking lumen
tems evolve rapidly as do hardware capabilities.
depreciation through remote monitoring; leasing
The pace of application-level updates is constant
light as a product (over hardware ownership);
and frequent. For consumer use, a smart device
energy throttling by utilities; GPS based daylight
failing to connect to an older set of accessory
control; global changes in light character based
speakers costing a few dollars is a nuisance.
on sky conditions; security interfaces; and LiFi
For a building owner, having an update cause
(lightwave) communication of emergency/mar-
failures in a building system costing many thou-
ket/news information—are all possibilities.
sands is unacceptable. While smart handheld de-
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and controlled products.
Superficially, the entry of smart device controls
The IoT might also act as the bridge between
vices may be useful for novel applications, they
devices and controls—with added relationships
are ultimately too unstable to be considered the
with external service components, creating a
main interface for integrated building systems.
multi-function inter-connection that crosses
Using smart devices through wireless net-
barriers between open and proprietary systems.
works as accessory controls does make sense—
For example, an occupancy sensor might send to
where the central operational control is founded
an alarm to a remote security contractor, while
on a stable network. This reduces the interface
causing the lock to engage at the compromised
failure point to that between the smart device
room, while turning on room lighting, flashing
and the access point, while the down-stream
the exterior lighting over the nearest entry to
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DAWN OF INTELLIGENT LIGHTING
In UCLA’s athletic facilities, Ideal Industries’ new Audacy wireless energy management system was installed as part of a major energy efficiency retrofit. The system provides wireless control by an app that allows for manual or automatic control over ambient lighting, movement and occupancy sensing. According to UCLA’s Kevin Borg, the ability to adjust the lighting to different situations is extremely important. The school has also saved 35% on their electrical load.
IoT to become a mash of products of proprietary
stream products. Loss of communications links
nature, operating from bespoke applications
to the web itself will create difficult to diagnose
that demand connecting to a proprietary remote
disruptions in operation. Analyzing the reli-
server, with no foundational standards of inter-
ability of inter-connected systems on the scale
action beyond. The potential for underestimat-
of the IoT is a new universe. Further, standard
ing the complexity of these issues is tempting in
MTBF (Mean Time Between Failure) calculations
the rush to see the potential benefits realized.
applied to the layers of dependencies and vast
Current wired, simple wireless lighting control,
array of discrete products would produce decid-
and BIM approaches already in use present
edly dire results, unless some manner of built-in
challenges of commissioning and maintenance
intelligence is created to diagnose and expose
indicate to the police which room the perpetra-
beyond the scope of but the most skilled teams.
failure points in diverse systems with precision.
tor is trapped, while using LiFi to communicate
Expanding this concept into a web based, inter-
a link to a web-based security camera inside the
connection between disciplines who have no
entries resulting in products losing function due
room, while texting the building owner of the
other hardline connection is a large undertaking.
to disappearance of the requisite remote connec-
activity as it plays out. The potential of IoT is a
Yet, proponents of the IoT appear to believe the
tion, deployment of competing systems designed
big idea that can change everything.
open nature of the approach will resolve itself.
specifically to confound operation of competi-
Hardware glitches and failures within large
tor products in shared environments, and the
THE ISSUES OF COORDINATION AND ASSOCIATED COMMISSIONING OF NEW SYSTEMS, AS WELL AS FOLLOW-UP MAINTENANCE, HAVE NOT BEEN FULLY ADDRESSED.
However, there are massive gorillas in the
Further, the inevitable failure of early market
shadows that are not being addressed by propo-
networks of products will also need to be ad-
intrusion of unscrupulous hackers attempting
nents of this bold new vision. The issues of coor-
dressed. Failures of hubs and routers can create
to breach security for profit (or just to be a nui-
dination and associated commissioning of new
internal communications losses and disconnects.
sance) will also need to be resolved.
systems, and follow up maintenance, has not
Failure of device software and/or firmware can
been fully addressed. The potential exists for the
create widespread failures of dependent down-
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The IoT concept applied to commercial buildings is certainly interesting and very likely to
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grow. However, anyone who has had an app
corporate positioning does not fit this paradigm.
on their smartphone stop working without re-
Unfortunately, while there are a few niches of
booting the device after an update, or lost work
cooperation emerging, there is no indication
to a failed network connection, or experienced
the industry is moving toward openness, while
a program shut down for lack of continued
investments being made push them toward more
support contract can understand that building
protective behavior than ever. This leaves light-
reliability into these systems, over very long
ing decision makers with four basic choices:
service lives, is not a casual issue. Layer on top
1) Design around products available from a
of this poor customer service, finger pointing
single source to realize optimized connectivity
blame deflection when issues arise, and lack of
within what is available from there.
prietary locking of market positioning, these two
accountability, all amplified by the time these
2) Apply products from producers that are avail-
factors do more to limit market adoption than
systems will be expected to serve.
able for an application, using existing limited
they do to build it.
standards, adding custom solutions to create a
WOW FACTOR
Intelligence offers opportunities to quickly add creative scenes in places such as hotel courtyards, especially when paired with innovative products like Structura’s Flight poles.
Attempting to construct complex custom
Building the Future Demands a Solid Foundation
fully functional system.
building assemblies on the quicksand of a
Irrespective of investments required to bring
3) Continue using simpler, lower level technolo-
free-for-all market where support for products,
new technologies to market, closed protocols
gies until everything is sorted out.
inter-connectivity, and interaction do not include
are an outdated product-to-market approach.
4) Fight for stronger cooperative integration
cooperative compatibility is like constructing
In order to build new infrastructures that make
between manufacturers of otherwise attractive
the tower of Pisa. As the layers and weight of
use of components operating in a cloud universe
products. Reward those who participate.
systems are built up, this soft base will cause the
demands all components work as a seamless
While technologists and innovators will
entire structure to tilt into dysfunction, no mat-
cooperative network, with a shared goal of
disagree with any idea that limits freedom to
ter how beautiful the design might have been in
elevating performance as a whole. Protectionist
create, and corporations will resist limiting pro-
the minds of those involved.•
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TOPICS AT THE FRONT
0
TH E B U S I N E S S O F LI G HT I N G part two By Vilma Barr, contributing writer
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Editor’s Note: This is the second part of our “Business of Lighting” feature, focusing on the relationship of the owner and designer. An important part of the puzzle to making high-end SSL design projects work, is first getting the client to buy in to the importance of lighting in the first place. Light as an Image Strategy A customized lighting scheme is a vital part in presenting any highend LED product. This involves the creation a new public image for an existing consumer product. Further, it often involves changing how the packaging will influence its target market. A variation of this visual appeal technique was applied to the Casino de Montréal (left). The lighting program, artfully integrated with the architecture, now defines and communicates a new contemporary public personality. Housed in two former Expo ‘67 pavilions, the casino recently completed a $300-million renovation which included the construction of an all-new entrance and lobby. A striking night-time presence was key to attract visitors to the site. “We wanted to make the building sparkle like a diamond shining in the distance,” says Mehdi Laieb, a principal with Ombrages, the project’s lighting designers. Much further south in Columbia S.C., image also played a key factor in the decision-making process of Love Automotive. As a customerfocused and forward-thinking business, the dealership is always looking for ways to reduce costs and increase operational efficiencies while promoting sound sustainability practices. To that SHOW SOME PERSONALITY
end, the dealership recently com-
At the entrance canopy, the golden, micro-perforated panels are backlit, making the entire structure shimmer in light. Behind the panels, angled 2700K Lumenfacade luminaires by Lumenpulse subtly vary in intensity, achieving the building’s jewel-like appearance. Inside, pin spot fixtures illuminate the floor plane and complement the lighting emanating from the walls..
technology from Optec LED. From
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pleted a lighting upgrade using an operations perspective, this
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TOPICS AT THE FRONT
replacement effort has reduced the dealership’s electricity energy consumption by almost 50%. But to Michael Love, the operation’s president, the lighting retrofit achieved a much greater objective. “These lights absolutely provide the level of illumination we were looking for to make our location bright and secure,” says Love, president of Love Automotive/RV. “And, as the guy paying the bills, I’m impressed with the tremendous energy savings and payback. My only regret is that we didn’t do it sooner.” REAL RESULTS
No “I” in Team Such a reaction is no surprise to Paul Gregory of New York-based Focus Lighting, who acknowledges
Prior to the LED installation, the monthly electric bill at the dealership was $14,270; since the upgrade, the monthly bill is averaging $7,000.
the innovation that LEDs have brought in the past decade is undeniable. “People want to be energy efficient; there’s not a major need to convince most clients of that,” notes Gregory. “The lamp producers have done a fine job in bringing the message of lower long-term savings afforded by LEDs to business decision-makers,” he believes. That being said, what is not addressed enough, in his opinion, is the interaction between clients,
Who was at fault? There was no
Detail in this process is impor-
Renée Cooley of Cooley Monato
lighting designers and architects,
affirmation from said source that
tant, notes Claudia Librett of 521
Studio. “When we decided on a
specifically this group operating as
it was the client who made the
Atelier. “I involve the client in the
new office location, we made sure
a true team, and really committing
wrong call. However, it would not be
lighting decision-making from the
there was sufficient space to set up
to this still, fairly novel technology.
surprising if it was, as many design
get-go,” says Librett, who brings
our own light lab to test product
Because this is more the norm
professionals have similar stories of
product options to clients and
performance,” she explains.
than an aberration, team members
how misguided client intervention
explains the details of the choices
are often at odds. Consider this sto-
negatively impacted the outcome.
so the client can better understand
implement a plan to preserve the
Another good practice is to
the options. “Renderings can’t do
integrity of the lighting design.
and lighting designer walk into a
lighting plan, according to Gregory,
it. For an apartment in New York,
Gregory has instituted a successful
bar, and critique the lighting. “It’s
is to have all the players on the
the client was leery about the use
strategy: In locations where regu-
the wrong kind of LEDs,” says the
same page to make the end result
of LEDs until he saw what the end
lar refocusing is needed, especially
lighting designer. “The color is too
work. “I can’t pick finishes and/or
result would look like. Then there
for retail and dining, he retains an
harsh,” says the interior designer.
choose column cladding,” Gregory
was no question about going ahead
as-needed representative to visit
“It’s not laid out artistically,” says
says. “As a design team member,
with the design.”
the project to make adjustments
the architect. This scene actually
our role is to balance the plan so
took place: “the person who was
the lighting works with the other
testing is another essential in
propriately. Typically, the job can
responsible for the installation just
elements, and to present the
warding off potentially negative
be accomplished by a student and
couldn’t see the lighting in place,”
owner the final picture he wants to
installation results. “We have
a 6-ft. ladder, he reports. For one
noted the source.
identify with.”
to know it’s going to work,” says
store on the refocusing schedule,
ry: An architect, interior designer
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The key to the success of any
Diligent in-office and on-site
that keep the fixtures beamed ap-
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TOPICS AT THE FRONT
Closing the Educational Gap Beyond communication, getting architects and owners to the point where good lighting design is appreciated is a matter of education. It also has to happen much earlier in the process. Take the experience of Philadelphia-based architect Thomas R. Nickel. Lighting has always been a creative pursuit of the designer, but it’s never been easy. When studying architecture at Renssalear Polytechnic Institute he petitioned the dean with a request to minor in lighting, and was turned down. “The focus was more on building design concepts, structure and materials,” he says. To get around this, he did participate in programs at RPI’s Lighting Research Center to further his personal dedication to the discipline. But Nickel feels the lack of support for lighting as part of architecture curriculums is indicative of a generation gap. “It’s up to architects now in their ‘30’s and ‘40’s to assume the rule of the master builder and change the knowledge gap when it comes to integrating lighting as a recognized building material,” Nickel says. In walking the talk, Nickel is making a significant effort to make DO THE HOMEWORK
The Mall of America Southeast Court by Cooley Monato. Pre-planning and pre-product testing are critical elements in ensuring a successful endeavor and a happy client.
sales went up nearly 150% after
so they signed off on a product
lighting a major element of his
the initial refocusing, when the
that had been brought to them.
work. Currently under construction
only change the manager reported
Unfortunately, they did so without
is a 15,000 sq. ft. multi-use project
was the more accurate accent illu-
asking us to review the specs and
of his design in Philadephia where
mination of the products on display
test the product,” she says.
the façade features a custom steel
following the refocusing. On the opposite end of the spec-
1508SSLTAF.indd 23
screen to increase interior day-
was the fact that the manufacturer,
lighting. Through the use of lighter
trum, how does a lighting designer
whom Cooley says was well aware
stone work, and wall-panels the
address a problem that arises from
that the store was a client of theirs,
design provides a clean back-drop
a client specifying a product on
also failed to call or even advise
for a curtain wall that will wrap
their own without ever consult-
them as a matter of courtesy. “It’s
the corner. “Through the use of
ing a designer? Cooley recalls just
a matter of business ethics in our
light, and a patchwork of varying
such an instance, in this case, a
industry,” says Cooley.
sized openings in the curtain wall
retrofit for a retail store the firm
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More disturbing to her, however,
Shortly after the project was
mesh we want the community to
had worked with in the past. “They
completed, the client realized that
experience a sense of up-lifting of
had good initial intentions—to
the lighting quality was so poor
the building, says Nickel. “Lighting
improve the interior environment
that it had to be totally and prop-
is a crucial part of this project, and
and reduce their lighting expense—
erly redesigned.
we are using a variety of direct and
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TOPICS AT THE FRONT
INTEGRATED WITH ARCHITECTURE
Using a variety of direct and indirect sources tucked within and hidden by the architecture allows the building to feel lighter without experiencing the sources.
indirect sources tucked within and
will continue to make in-roads into
hidden by the architecture to allow
general lighting applications.
the building to feel lighter without
While actual adoption, according
experiencing the sources of light,”
to DOE, remains at a modest 3%
says Nickel.
of the entire U.S. lighting market,
Cindy Limauro, a lighting design-
their impact has changed the way
er and educator at Carnegie Mellon
lighting has entered the vocabu-
University, couldn’t agree more
laries and lifestyle of the design
that younger people need to better
community, corporate executives,
understand lighting, She believes
and visually-aware consumers.
this so much that she’s become
There are drawbacks and prob-
a crusader who literally brings
lem situations to recognize as LEDs
lighting workshops to architectural
more firmly establish their role in
schools around the country. Her
our illuminated society. As noted at
initial estimate of fourth-year and
the start of this review, when LEDs
graduate architecture to register
are applied well, they are very
for her workshops was about 25; in
good. LEDs, in fact, have spawned
reality, attendance topped over 100
remarkable artistic interpreta-
for several of workshops. A teach-
tions, not previously achievable
ing video has been prepared at
within the realm of pre-LED light-
the request of the professors who
ing sources.
want to adapt her format for their regular use as a teaching tool.
The issue is balance and coordination, as we are living through lighting technology his-
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Making it Work
tory, where the roles of designer,
With the hyper-pace of LED innova-
producer and member of a multi-
tion over the last decade showing
diverse lighting user community
no sign of dipping, LED technology
must be straddled.•
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F§ATUR§D PRoj§Ct
The Number 6 Turin, Italy Client: Building Domus, Piero Boffa, Luca Boffa Interior Architecture and Lighting: Building Engineering, Turin Design Collaborator: Luca Petrone Courtyard Lighting Concept: Richi Ferrero Text: Vilma Barr Photos: Piero Ottaviano The Challenge: Once the home of royalty, the classic five-story palace constructed over three-and-ahalf centuries ago in the center of Turin suffered from so much neglect that it lost its use as a desirable residence. When new owners purchased the property, they could foresee the renovation of the palazzo as an outstanding representation of adaptive reuse, respectful of cultural heritage, but technologically innovative and still conveying a sense of beauty. The Solution: The historic property was brought into the city’s mainstream by becoming 36 new apartments. The once-private courtyard space was recreated to be enjoyed by visitors as well as residents. While staying within the city’s guidelines on the reuse of historical structures, the design team captured the singular atmosphere and spirit of the building by introducing lights and plants to the 17th century courtyard. Interior spaces for the apartments are defined by LEDs and glass partitions, with generous open spaces for personalization by the residents.
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Known as The Number Six for its
winning transformation into
address at via Alfieri 6 in the heart
luxury residences and a sumptuous
of Turin, this 6,500-sq.-ft. building
plaza that is a work of functional
began life 352 years ago as the
urban art has energized its immedi-
Palazzo Valperga Galleani.
ate center city surroundings.
Through the centuries, it assumed
Turin, with a population of more
the identity as a palace for the
than 900,000, is located in north-
monarchs of the House of Savoy,
west Italy between Milan to the
was then converted into multiple
north and Genoa to the south. The
residences, and most recently
Alps are visible in the distance. The
became suites of offices. Its award-
city is a center for art, culture and
A 352-YEAR-OLD BUILDING HAS TRANSFORMED INTO 36 DISTINCTIVE LIVING UNITS THAT LOOK OUT ONTO THE COURTYARD.
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LEDs Paint a Baroque Masterpiece industry, as it serves as the head-
With the help of the Turin’s Cul-
ments, restoration of the exterior,
quarters location for such auto
tural Heritage Protection Agency,
and turning the central court into
brands as Fiat. A local developer,
the developers finalized plans
a plaza for use by residents, and for
Building Domus, headed by Piero
to reconstruct a classic environ-
special events, by neighbors as well.
and Luca Boffa, saw the potential
ment with contemporary visual
that the historic five-level struc-
appeal without altering its original
tioned ornate masonry exterior was
ture, close to the popular Piazza
Baroque features. They retained
cleaned and restored where needed.
San Carlo, could be restored and
the planning and design services
Six underground levels were con-
upgraded to become three dozen
of Building Engineering to handle
structed to accommodate parking
highly desirable apartments in an
the architectural and engineering
for one automobile per unit.
iconic one-of-a-kind building.
conversion of the interior to apart-
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The building’s classically propor-
OPEN TO THE PUBLIC The once-private courtyard or the original royal owners was recreated as a work of environmental art to be enjoyed by residents and visitors with the use of LED lighting.
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The Courtyard The main idea for this space was to make it come alive by installing art, custom lighting, plants and flowers, notes Andrea Serapioni of Building Engineering. “Inside, for the design of the 36 apartments, we created layouts that, in a sense, integrate lifestyle solutions that respect the building’s heritage and also minimize ecological impact,” Serpioni points out. The building includes a gym and a large spa on the top level, plus a rooftop garden.
THE TEAM INTRODUCED LEDS ON THE THE SUSPENDED SCULPTURAL TREE, THE PATTERNED FLOOR AND WITH THE BALCONY PLANTERS. Lighting and plants transform the four sides of the courtyard and the plaza floor into a verdant, illuminated work of environmental art. Two planes, horizontal and vertical, were created. “A long horizontal line of the balcony rails are decorated with planters holding flowering plants as well as climbing plants that are exposed along the walls of the building. Each hanging planter is equipped with an automatic watering device and illuminated by two mounted lanterns,” Serapioni explains. A control system regulates the lighting of the planters, the courtyard’s illuminated paving design, and the light-accented tree sculpture into a fairyland-like visual experience. All the connections and wiring were specially designed for the project to minimize maintenance. “The power consumed by
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AGLOW WITH REVITALIZATION On the patio floor, glowing stones on the cobbled plaza adds a fantasy element to the seventeenth-century courtyard. A pair of lanterns are mounted on brackets to illuminate the suspended planters on the balcony. An abstracted tree sculpture of metal tubes has colorful illuminated tips that cycle through a program during evening hours.
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the patio’s stone flooring pattern to-
zzo. Trunk and branches were fabri-
tals 1,300 watts,” Serapioni reports.
cated of galvanized iron, onto which
each balcony and the plant holders
Lighting and live foliage on
Lighting artist Richi Ferrero
are attached 13 stainless steel pipes
surrounding the patio create a
enhanced the cobbled surface of
that culminate in opalescent cones.
dramatic and graceful vertical and
the outdoor patio area with 748
Their glow results from full-color Z-
horizontal visual rhythm. The
resin bars of glowing stones. To
Power LEDs using 3 RGB 5W lamps.
effect is provided by Ilti’s Miniflux
create a group of geometric floral
To convey the idea of the tree
12V LEDs and Flex LED PI65 driver.
patterns that resemble a contem-
growing from aerial roots, opales-
porary illuminated crocheted quilt
cent cones are illuminated by 1W
when viewed from above, Ferrero
white LEDs by Luxeon, controlled by
used LED strips, 12V, RIGA RGB by
eight 24V drivers and 21 DMX 12/24
Ilti Luce, sheathed in white and
slaves. Power consumed by the tree
encapsulated in polyurethane resin.
totals 340 watts.
Controls include 38 12V drivers and
The combined light show of stone
38 slave DMX 12/24 units, and a
patterns and light tree is controlled
6-channel RDM-48V signal booster.
by two Easy Stand Alone-U8 DMX
Ferrero designed the suspended
controllers with two different light
abstract tree sculpture that to him
intensity programs, one for day and
represents the history of the pala-
one for night.
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MODERNIZED A rooftop garden, large spa on the top level, and a gym have been provided for the use of the residents of The Number 6, a 102,000-sq.-ft. former palace.
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A LIGHT TOUCH A glass-enclosed kitchen that opens out into the living/dining area is defined by LED strips overhead in the dropped ceiling and the outline inset into the wood floor.
The Interior
architects chose Walk system’s LED
According to Building Engineer-
HP opal strips installed overhead
ing’s Serapioni, the most fascinat-
in the dropped ceiling and in the
ing unit of the entire renovated
matching outline of the wood floor.
building is the penthouse. “The combined living and dining
The LED theme was carried through to other areas in the
room itself is 1,500 sq. ft.” Serapi-
apartments, including the bath-
oni says. “The residents wanted
rooms and multipurpose rooms,
a closed kitchen for cooking that
and outdoor terraces.
was visible from a very open living
In a recent design competition
room. We created a glass-enclosed
sponsored by the electronic news
kitchen in the middle of the space,
service, ArchDaily, The Number 6
with two sliding doors. Outside
was awarded Building of the Year,
of the food preparation area, the
chosen from over 3,000 entries sub-
dining room is on the left, and the
mitted by architects from around
living room on the right.”
the world. In awarding the honor,
CONTINUITY
the judges cited the project’s blend
The LED lighting theme extends into other areas of the penthouse, including the bathroom with a glass enclosed shower stall, and a multi-purpose room.
In place of physical dividers to mark the kitchen’s boundary, the
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of art, architecture and nature.•
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LED LEADS TO FUN FUNCTIONAL, YET INEXPENSIVE LIGHTING SOLUTION BROWN INSTITUTE FOR MEDIA INNOVATION Columbia University, New York
By harnessing solid-state lighting technology in the service of effective storytelling, Gabe Guilliams and Pei-Chun Yang of BuroHappold Engineering, successfully executed the lighting design for the Brown Institute for Media Innovation at Columbia University, including the Institute’s central volume and several adjacent office spaces. Their work has been recognized with an IESNYC Lumen Award of Citation for Strong Execution of Concept and an International Assn. of Lighting Designers (IALD) Award of Merit. The pair’s goal, in illuminating this unique academic experiment devoted to the co-evolution of technology and storytelling, was to provide a lighting system that would effortlessly transform to support the institute’s varied programmatic needs. Designed by LTL Architects, the institute is on the ground floor of Columbia’s historic School of Journalism building. It functions as a catalyst— or incubator—for new technological practices in journalism, and comprises faculty offices, meeting rooms and a large, open, work environment configured to maximize its spatial qualities, daylighting and the visual impact of an existing double-height volume. A main architectural element is a continuous internal façade split horizontally into a walnut-millwork base and a translucent scrim above that acts to adjust light, conceal technical systems, provide acoustical treatment, and act as a screen for large-scale projection. To embrace the interconnected concept of the space, the lighting designers created a network of ambient light for the main room. The fixtures
ABOVE: A sort of incubator for inspiring more creative journalism and story telling, the Brown Institute for Media Innovation at Columbia University features an equally innovative lighting system where linear, lowvoltage LED fixtures were custom mounted within piping which was then covered with an acryllic diffusing cylinder. The fixtures and pipes were then arranged to create a visually dynamic ceiling.
selected for the job are all Feelux FLX Stix— a slender, linear LED fixture that fits almost anywhere and is easy to install with a quick connection system, used with a constant voltage DC 24V driver. According to Guilliams, an associate principal at BuroHappold, indirect lighting was
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THE BROWN INSTITUTE FOR MEDIA INNOVATION, Columbia University, New York
THE CHALLENGE: To design an appropriate eco-friendly lighting system to support the diversity of programmatic needs at The Brown Institute for Media Innovation at Columbia University, a unique academic experiment devoted to the coevolution of technology and storytelling. THE SOLUTION: BuroHappold designed the award-winning lighting that embraces both the students and teachers that use this space, promoting a more engaging experience than a traditional lectureroom scenario. The low-voltage LED fixtures used offer flexibility for a very varied roster of events that take place in this space, from lectures to concerts. PROJECT CREDITS:
Design: LTL Architects Lighting Design: BuroHappold; Gabe Guilliams, Pei-Chun Yang Photos: Guilliams and Michael Moran/OTTO
EFFICIENT TOO A flexible space that can be closed off for media presentations, the fixtures dim in concert with the amount of daylight brought into the space when windows are not shuttered.
created for the space by cutting the top half of
eyestrain. “The perimeter light wraps student
In addition, the ambient layers at the ceiling dim
the pipe away and embedding the low-voltage
and teacher together, and beyond teacher-stu-
in response to daylight.
linear LED fixtures inside to uplight the ceiling.
dent engagement in the classroom setting, the
At each end, the bottom 3⁄4 of the pipe was
room is used for conferences, speaking events,
IALD in it’s annual competition. “The lighting of
removed, leaving a mounting tongue for each
intimate concert events and even hosting school
this space is playful, creative, functional, and
fixture. Finally, a diffusing acrylic cylinder was
of journalism cocktail parties. The lighting is
inexpensive,” one member of the IALD awards
slid over the tongue and fixture, and fastened in
flexible to uniquely engage each of these scenari-
panel observed about this project. “It trans-
place with a set screw.
os,” notes Guilliams.
formed what could have been a very boring
At the walls, Guilliams says the fixtures
Additionally, the low-voltage LED product
The design certainly tickled the fancy of the
space into something dynamic and fun.”
are mounted on the back surface of the scrim
is small—which Guilliams says is very helpful
structure, illuminating the solid wall surface and
fitting it in to tight spaces, with remote drivers.
LED the Most Appropriate Tool
providing a diffusing glow through the scrim
“That it is low-voltage, and magnetically held
Interestingly, Guilliams indicates that the choice
itself.
in place, meant that we could make location
of the low-voltage LED fixtures does not repre-
adjustments in the field ourselves—a much more
sent any significant energy-savings over the use
dows, depending on the needed function for the
hands-on, efficient and effective process than
of fluorescent lighting. Rather, the choice was
room. When closed, the panels provide a blank
commenting on deficiencies, asking the contrac-
driven by space constraints and the need for
canvas for media content, and when backlit from
tor to make adjustments, reviewing those adjust-
flexibility in the system.
the perimeter scrim, the panels add depth and
ments for confirmation,” he says.
The custom wall panels reveal or hide the win-
richness to the space. Eliminating the overhead lighting and dimming the perimeter, according to Guilliams,
The magnetic installation also makes replacement of fixtures simple and fast. Not only does the lighting look fantastic, the
“The space really challenges the traditional pedagogic landscape by promoting a more collaborative teacher-student relationship,” says Guilliams. “The ceiling is visually exciting but the
maximizes perceptibility of projected imagery,
space’s installed lighting power density is 28%
real vigor is in the walls becoming activated and
while reducing peripheral contrast and resulting
lower than the base allowable by ASHRAE 90.1.
the energy they imbue to everyone inside.”•
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RESORT TOWN DEMONSTRATES THE ART OF AREA ILLUMINATION MUNICIPALITY OF LECH AM ARLBERG Lech am Arlberg, Austria
Situated on the banks of the river Lech in Austria, Lech am Arlberg is a picture-postcard skiing location, surrounded by impressive mountain scenery. Like many of its kind, the small town lives on tourism, and thus has been preserved as a smallish village settlement and makes high demands on itself. For instance, Lech was distinguished with the title “most beautiful village in Europe.” Thanks to the new lighting concept developed by Dieter Bartenbach and implemented in close collaboration with Zumtobel, the town is now presented in perfect light. “The existing street lighting system with its obsolete technology was simply not up to contemporary requirements anymore,” says Karlheinz Egger from the Lech building authority. However, it took many meetings as well as a lot of persuasion to win over political decision-makers, administrators and the local hotel keepers to opt for a new lighting concept based on LED technology. Upon surveying the town, lighting designer Dieter Bartenbach found a “lighting mess” that “blurred” the townscape. Such a diffuse lighting situation is usually caused by conventional outdoor lighting mostly involving lamps with open light distribution. This is countered by the illumination of shop windows and advertising facilities through highly excessive light radiation, which makes the original townscape disappear completely. “The perception of space is overturned in that the attention of the viewer is drawn exclusively to the sources of glare,” Bartenbach explains. His corrective concept ensures that the night-
ABOVE: Upon surveying the town, lighting designer Dieter Bartenbach found a “lighting mess” that “blurred” the townscape. Such a diffuse lighting situation is usually caused by conventional outdoor lighting mostly involving lamps with open light distribution. The façades of the traditional buildings are now enhanced by the new lighting concept which provides accent lighting where needed and better defines spaces.
ly townscape, with its classic Alpine features, is deliberately highlighted by LED lighting which provides accent lighting and defines spaces. The luminaire especially manufactured for this purpose by Zumtobel, dissolves the lighting
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LECH AM ARLBERG, Austria
THE CHALLENGE: Preserve the beauty and historic nature of the Alpine ski town while modernizing the community’s street lighting. THE SOLUTION: The night-time appearance of the ski resort has been changed by a newly implemented LED lighting concept. In collaboration with Dieter Bartenbach, Zumtobel developed a custom solution which skilfully illuminates not only the townscape of Lech, but also the river of the same name. A specifically developed control system adjusts the lighting levels depending on the time of day or night, so that the lighting conditions will be perfect at all times. PROJECT CREDITS:
Client: Municipality of Lech am Arlberg, Lech am Arlberg/A Lighting Design: Dieter Bartenbach, Innsbruck, Aus. Electrical Installations: Elektro Müller, Landeck, Aus. Lighting Solution: Zumtobel
CLEAN AND CRISP It is primarily the linear alignment of spaces that is characteristic of the village and is emphasised through the new lighting solution: the main street, which is pleasantly illuminated in the way of an esplanade, the house façades and the river.
intensity into several points, so that passers-by
system proves particularly beneficial: Instead of
are hardly dazzled any more. Additionally, the
installing the luminaire heads on the columns,
light is more precise and directional than before.
they can also be installed on the façades, thus
This is achieved through precise milling of the
not only providing for uniformity of appear-
LED lighting points.
ance and a balanced lighting effect, but also for
Another benefit, according to Zumtobel, is
spectacular illumination of the hotel façades.
the modular design, which is similar to a system
This argument eventually convinced the hotel
of building blocks in that the luminaires can be
keepers, who are themselves responsible for
configured with 6 to 34 points, each approxi-
financing these measures.
mately 2 watts. Thus, the lighting situation can be adjusted as required.
The new illumination scheme runs the entire town from dusk till 10 p.m. After 10 p.m., façade illumination is switched off. At midnight, the
On the Waterfront
brightness of the street lighting is reduced to
Making the river perceptible within the noc-
a low ambient lighting level. The finely tuned
turnal townscape was considered especially
brightness levels are made possible by special,
important by the planners. The lighting brings
web-based lighting control: each luminaire con-
the river back into the town by illuminating its
tains a radio sensor that is used for dimming and
banks and walls. Both are reflected along the
switching the light.
water course and make for a dynamic image
The new town lighting is therefore not only a
captivating the viewer through the movement
visual improvement, but the precisely focused
of the current—in essence, a three-dimensional
light, combined with effective glare reduction
effect is created. Another spatial element is the
and lighting control, ensures that the town is
illumination of the façades. Here, the modular
illuminated in a sustainable manner.•
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LOW POWER, LOW GLARE The luminaires can be configured with 6 to 34 LED points, each with approx. 2 watts.
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D E S I G N . C U LT U R E . C R A F T.
8/3/15 10:25
By Kevin Willmorth, Editor
Building Better Luminaires to Deliver Optimal Results Simplicity and modularity are two keys in creating luminaires that will well serve clients down the road
Traditional fixed lumen output, fixed luminaire form glass lamp
effort. Incorporating very long service life integrated LED array
technology, delivers a coarse amount of light, with coarse control
designs exceeding 70,000 hours L70 (20 years at 3,500 hours per year)
through simplistic automatic and manual switching, dimming, and/
is one approach. This will soon be extended further—to as long as
or occupancy controls. Luminaire output is based on lamp multiples,
135,000 hours of expected usable life—as LED technology is proven.
with no opportunity to create finer tuning. Further, efficiency of
The alternative approach is the application of standardized
these products often suffers when dimmed, and service life suffers
replaceable light modules under a common non-proprietary standard,
when frequently switched. With this rudimentary level of technology,
such as that established by the Zhaga Consortium. In such cases future
conventional luminaires have become basic sheet-metal housings to
replacement is addressed by using similar light source components
hold lamps, lenses and baffles around the workhorse light sources.
enabled within hard luminaire components. These modules now
The end result is low fidelity performance and a cost-first product
include internal communication and controls electronics, making
approach.
them “smart,” with opportunity for future updates and upgrades as this technology advances—without having to replace entire luminaire
Bright Future
systems.
Solid state lighting delivers the opportunity for increasing the fidelity
The most complex luminaire designs incorporating integrated
and sophistication of lighting systems. Luminaires may now be tuned
controls and sophisticated logical components will likely require
to deliver a precise amount of light, even a desired color and quality of
complete replacement at the end of their service life. Simpler
light, with no loss of efficiency, nor any ill effects from frequent on-off
externally controlled products are well suited to standardized
cycling.
module application. However, optimization of optics, luminaire
They can also be configured to suit virtually any form to fit specific space requirements. For example, arrays of LEDs can be created to
physical configuration, and integration of control and communication components will favor integration over replaceable modular designs.
support any shape of light source desirable, while selection of current flow through the arrays can tune light output to precise levels.
The Elegance of Simplicity
Further, small and intense LED light sources deliver opportunities
Conventional lamp technologies favor luminaires of simplicity,
to fine tune optical performance with a level of precision that larger
designed to house the lamps utilized, built to withstand frequent re-
fluorescent and HID sources simply cannot attain. Control electronics,
lamping over the products lifetime. Solid-state technology, coupled
using internal or external sensors, maintain a fixed lumen output
with the increasing demand for controls integration, advanced
base throughout a products lifecycle, reducing initial over-lighting
intelligence, monitoring and communications interface, favors
conditions and extending product service life.
luminaires with greater sophistication and complexity. Lighting is
Recent introduction of luminaires with internal control and sensing
evolving from being a collection of discrete pieces connected to basic
components integrate the function of light delivery, local feedback
controls, to integrated lighting systems assembled from an array of
and automatic self-monitoring and control. Emergence of Visible
components working as a whole.
Light Communication (VLC), or LiFi, in addition to a rapidly expanding
The single largest challenge in putting a system together today
landscape of wireless communication, enables luminaires to send
remains the lack of single established standards of connectivity and
digital data to one another, as well as to status monitors and sensors
communication between luminaires from disparate manufacturers.
in a space are another innovation for optimizing lighting at the system
This is made more problematic when products are blended from
level. WiFi, Bluetooth, and power/control over Ethernet connections
domestic and import sources, which do not share common ground.
delivers greater flexibility in parsing control down to defined local
Further, the greatest opportunity for successful full-system
zones that can be revised through software interface, without
integration is through sourcing all involved products involved from a
changing wired connections.
single manufacturer. This reduces the risk of compatibility failures, but risks failing to provide the products necessary to meet lighting design
Reliability and Maintenance
needs. Further, avoiding current advances in current project work,
A further area of luminaire optimization is addressing long-term
waiting for a more open and universal approach to come, potentially
reliability and maintenance. Two approaches are common to this
fails to deliver the optimal solution to customers today.•
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2015 OCTOBER 21 & 22, 2015
Visit our website and sign up for the NEW free WestCoast Lighting Insider newsletter!
LOS ANG E LES CONVE NTION CE NTE R
Join us for the only trade show and conference specifically created for West Coast specifiers of commercial, architectural and high design lighting products.
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Product Introductions
It Goes Round and Round Fixtures in the new LED Pull Down Lighting Series from Rayon Lighting are engineered for approximately 360 degrees of horizontal adjustment, and 65 degrees of vertical adjustment from nadir. Two beam distributions and several finish and trim options are available. Visit www.rayonlighting.com or Circle 291.
Testing is essential to warding off potentially negative results. “We have to know it’s going to work. So we made sure there was sufficient space to set up our own light lab.”
1 Build Your Own Task Lamp The Waldmann Lighting PARA.MI isn’t so much a single fixture as a family of modular components that can be ordered in various combinations. Shown here in black with a square luminaire head and base, is the 8W/600 lumen dimmable task lamp; it also can be ordered with round heads. Visit www.waldmannlighting.com or Circle 292.
2 Versatile and Sleek Though originally designed for surface-mount installation, this Lucifer Lighting Co. Cylinder family now is offered with a custom matching J-box for use in settings that lack plenum space. Also offered are models with a recessed canopy. Visit www.luciferlighting.com or Circle 293.
3 High-Performance Power Supply The SL Power Electronics LB240 AC/DC power supply is designed for high-intensity entertainment applications requiring high performance and flexible cooling methods in a small form factor. The 3-in.×5in.×1.3-in. units deliver up to 240 watts of power to serve LED lighting and A/V equipment. Visit www.slpower.com or Circle 294.
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Product Introductions
Make New Connections The simple plug-in function of the L, X, T and Y connectors available with the Edge Lighting Nova Modular LED Suspension system enable a range of design possibilities. Systems can be specified for uplighting, downlighting or combined up/down operation, in either satin or polished nickel finishes. Visit www.edgelighting.com or Circle 295.
“Renderings can’t do it. For an apartment in New York, the client was leery about the use of LEDs until he saw what the end result would look like.”
4 Highly Efficacious With its efficacy rated at 99 lumens per watt, the new Gravity family from Intense Lighting includes cylindrical fixtures in pendant, cable, surface and wall mounting styles. Lumen packages range from 1000 to 7000 lm, in four color temperatures. Visit www.intenselighting.com or Circle 296.
5 Fixtures for Ambient and Spots Each unit The OSRAM Sylvania OmniPoint incorporates an array of independently controllable LEDs that can switch on and off and dim in coordination with each other in any combination. Using an iOS or Android app, users can easily switch between ambient and spot lighting. Visit www.osram-americas.com or Circle 297.
6 Tough Customer Pairing a gleaming ring of polished acrylic with an opal glass orb, Hudson Valley Lighting Caswell pendants and sconces look a bit like an oversized earring straight out of the 1960s. But these retro-style luminaires feature dimmable LEDs for up-to-date energy performance. Visit hudsonvalleylighting.com or Circle 298.
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Product Introductions
It Keeps a Low Profile With a depth of only 5/8-in., the Bruck Lighting Orion LEDbar features a low-profile design for cove applications. The 12-in.-long fixtures are designed to link together tightly to eliminate dark socket shadows. Optional 0–90-degree swivel-tilt brackets allow designers to direct light just where it’s wanted in hospitality and retail applications. Ò Visit www.brucklighting.com or Circle 299.
“Emerging new technologies flood markets with a plethora of exciting newness that blurs the line between what ‘needs’ to be done and what ‘can’ be done.”
1 Go Ahead and Flex
Code-required testing
made easy
JESCO Lighting Group’s DL-Flex HD incorporates 66 LEDs per foot, to produce uniform light patterns and eliminating light “dots.” The “Flex” product family also includes the DL-Flex-CTA flexible system that allows remote color tuning from 2400K to 7000K. Ò Visit www.jescoli www.jescolighting.com or Circle 300.
2 It’s So Intense Philips Emergency Lighting introduces new self-testing / self-diagnostic emergency LED drivers: the Philips Bodine BSL310LPST for linear LED strip fixtures and BSL17C-C2ST for LED downlight applications. These drivers test automatically for 30 seconds monthly and 90 minutes annually, making it simple to
conduct code-required testing for emergency LED lighting fixtures. UL Component Recognized
The Cree XLamp XP-L High-Intensity LED is a dropin-ready upgrade for XP-based luminaire designs, delivering an impressive 185 lumens per watt at one watt. Color temps range from 2700K to 8300K. Ò Visit www.cree.com or Circle 301.
3 Stay in Tune Two new lines of Universal Lighting Technologies LED drivers feature tunable constant power output in configurations designed to meet a range of lighting applications. Everline Compact Drivers feature scaled-down package for downlight and specialty applications, while the LED Class 2 Linear Drivers offer a low-profile housing for general lighting. Ò Visit www.unvlt.com or Circle 302.
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Product Introductions
Putting it Together Three luminaire sizes are available for a range of mounting options with the Olivio exterior fixture family from Selux. The pole-mounted Sistema 2 mounting design—winner of an “Outstanding” award for outdoor fixtures in the 2015 Next Generation Luminaires competition—is shown here, and the series also includes other pole-mounted options, along with wall and bollard designs. Visit www.selux.us or Circle 303.
“The question ultimately comes down to not what ‘can’ be done, but how much of this new capacity is ‘needed.’”
4 Circular Thinking With four mounting options, including surface, pendant stem, cable-hung and wall-mounted, the Cylinder fixture family from Nora Lighting provides designers with the opportunity for unifying their lighting plans across a broad range of applications. Visit www.noralighting.com or Circle 304.
5 Maintaining Tradition These new Access Fixtures LED high-bay fixtures retain the traditional aluminum-reflector design, but with much more efficient performance. Available in 95- and 126-watt models, for outputs up to 17,724 lumens, the fixtures have optional dimming. AVIATOR SERIES Visit www.accessfixtures.com or Circle 305.
6 Small Package, Big Performance
soar to new heights with solid-state LED technology info@accesslighting.com www.accesslighting.com
Aculux 2-in. LED Precision Multiple recessed ceiling fixtures from Juno Lighting Group deliver up to 1000 lumens per head, in 1-, 2- and 3-head square configurations. Precision gearing allows for 365 degrees of horizontal rotation, with 40-degree vertical aiming. A range of color temperature and trim options are available. Visit www.junolightinggroup.com or Circle 306.
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ADV§RTIS§R
∆§BSIT§
CIRCL§ ∑UµB§R
PAg§ ∑UµB§R
ACCESS LIGHTING
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AMERLUX
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ARCHITECTURAL AREA LIGHTING
www.aal.net
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B-K LIGHTING
www.bklighting.com
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BODINE / PHILIPS
www.bodine.com
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COLUMBIA LIGHTING / HUBBELL
www.columbialighting.com
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EATON
www.eaton.com/lighting
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FOCAL POINT
www.focalpointlights.com
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INSIGHT LIGHTING
www.insightlighting.com
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INTENSE LIGHTING
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KIM LIGHTING / HUBBELL
www.kimlighting.com
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LANDSCAPE FORMS
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LF ILLUMINATION
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LIGHTSHOW WEST
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LUMASCAPE
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LUMINIS
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SELUX
www.selux.us
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SPECIAL FX LIGHTING
www.fxlight.com
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STERNBERG VINTAGE LIGHTING
www.sternberglighting.com
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THE CONTINUING ARCHITECT
www.thecontinuingarchitect.com
VISA LIGHTING
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VISIONAIRE LIGHTING
www.visionairelighting.com
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VISTA ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING
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NEXT ISSUE: We take a look at libraries and why this particular building segment has embraced LED more than others. Elsewhere we explore a couple of very fun projects: the Citadel Bonifacio in Corsica, where modern tech not only gives a new level of illumination to the historic structure, it does so wirelessly; closer to home we’ll peek inside the city of South Bend, Ind. to see the neat things they’re doing along the St. Joseph River. Finally, in the Market Setting Feature, Kevin Willmorth explores the relationship of electric light and daylight.
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7/31/15 15:34
THE MOST INTERESTING AIA APPROVED COURSES ON THE WEB. THECONTINUINGARCHITECT.
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7/30/15 16:38
Oh, the Eye-Watering Fumes of Nostalgia idea that the light escaping these small electric
Some lament the passing of lamps making more heat than light. But the future will be built by those who grow up with efficiency and complexity.
Yet, when I see what can be done today with
heaters is somehow of superior quality is baf-
very little energy, with color, with optics, with
fling. While the warm yellow orange emission
tune-ability and control… I am reminded of the
when dimmed brings forth romantic imagery of
difference between the gas fumes wafting from
beautiful faces aglow sipping glasses of deep red
old cars compared to the cleanliness of modern
wine—the horror, in the form of the destruction
technology.
of any shade of blue, lurks in the shadows. How
Being involved with this publication has
can we lust for any light source that imparts a
helped me see beyond the fuzzy visions of the
For some, the nostalgia for days long gone leads
dull tonal shift over all it touches, even leaving
past. I am humbled by what designers have done
to a feeling that old, simple things were better
some colors completely invisible?
with the latest technologies. While there is a lot
things. I’m guilty of this: I look at modern cars,
I am reminded of a magic color changing suit
of work to be done in delivering the full potential
and can’t help but remember the simpler hard-
I own. Under halogen light it appears dullish
of solid-state lighting technology, that work can
ware I grew up with. The current market for old
grey—under daylight a deep forest green—the
only be done by putting it to work and setting
muscle cars is founded on that emotional attrac-
color I thought I was buying in a store illuminated
aside the emotional attraction of our fish-storied
tion. Yet, in the cold light of reality, the impres-
by daylight. Why have incandescent sources been
past, in all its imaginary glory. I’m a little envious
sion that things were better because they were
handed a free pass on color accuracy rating, when
of those too young to understand any of this.
simpler, is silly. While those old cars are fun for
it is anything but accurate at rendering most any
Perhaps the lack of resistive pull backward will
summer cruises—but they are awful in compari-
color accurately? Look, I love the halogen lamp as
leave them more energy to propel us forward.
son to modern cars in almost every way. Those
much as the next middle-aged lighting nerd. But,
While some lament burning eyes from exhaust
old hot rods ride like buckboards, consume fuel
to go so far as to say it’s a superior light source
of the fuel sucking awesomeness of old cars and
and spew toxic pollutants. They are heavy—not
that deserves protection against advancing new
lamps making more heat than light—the future
in a good way—unwieldy and unsafe, with inte-
technologies is sentimental hogwash.
will be built by those who grew up with efficiency
rior features that cause serious injury in minor
There are now several exceptional solid-state
and complexity. I wonder what they will have
accidents. They are also maintenance pigs,
light sources that deliver attractive CCT’s while
to be nostalgic about? Perhaps the olden days
demanding more fiddling, tinkering, repairing,
rendering colors accurately. I’ve seen compari-
when lights were so dumb they needed to be
tire replacing, tune-upping and general constant
sons of halogen lamps to these new sources,
controlled?•
attention than modern cars. Sure, there are
and admit to reacting negatively… until I took
some that survive 100,000+ miles—made possible
another hard look. It was the colors I was seeing
by recycling the parts removed from the millions
that gave me the idea that the LED source was
that didn’t. Nostalgia for times past may give us
not performing correctly. The new light source
the warm and fuzzies, as do many other forms of
was delivering color presence that incandescent
fantasy, but do not help us move forward.
was incapable of, and it was throwing me. The
ABOUT THE AUTHOR:
nostalgic side of me misses the days of simple
Kevin Willmorth, a lighting expert and fixture designer,
magnetism stands in the way of real progress.
light fixtures, without all the messy electronics,
has been instrumental in helping create a vision and
Take the incandescent lamp… (please). The
calculations, rationalization, and metrics.
mission statement for Architectural SSL.
In our lighting universe, the same nostalgic
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We’re looking at light in a whole new way. Are you?
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Published on Aug 18, 2015
Chronicling the Advancement of LED and Solid-State Lighting in the Built Environment.
