What are the health impacts of high-potency THC?

BY JOHN INGOLD THE COLORADO SUN

Colorado public health experts have unveiled a rst-of-its-kind interactive research database containing hundreds of studies on the impacts of high-potency cannabis products — looking at the e ects on everything from mental health to cancer to pregnancy.

at is one of the most signi cant things to come out of a two-year research review by the Colorado School of Public Health.

e review was ordered up by the legislature in 2021 in response to the increasing number of high-concentration THC products dominating the state’s legal cannabis market. With the rise of those products came concerns over how they may be impacting health, especially among young people. (THC is, of course, the most famous psychoactive chemical in cannabis.)

Researchers termed the report a “scoping review” and described the research database as an “evidence map.”

“With funding from the state of Colorado, a valuable, public resource has been developed for public health and scienti c purposes,” Dr. Jonathan Samet, the school’s dean, said in a statement. “ e scoping review and evidence map are unique; it is the rst and most complete systematic assessment of the entire body of literature related to high-concentration cannabis.”

But what do those studies say? Eh, that’s a little less clear.

“Limited evidence” for most e ects e School of Public Health researchers found limited to no evidence in published studies for most

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Are adolescents and young adults especially vulnerable to adverse physical and mental health outcomes from using high-potency cannabis? ere’s a limited amount of evidence that they are.

Do high-potency cannabis products help with pain? ere’s a limited amount of evidence that they do.

What about sleep? ere’s a limited amount of evidence that the products can both help and hurt sleep.

“ ere was a moderate amount of evidence that high-concentration THC can have adverse e ects on those with pre-existing conditions such as psychosis,” Greg Tung, an associate professor of health systems, management and policy at the School of Public Health, said in a statement. “But there are also studies that show bene cial outcomes from the use of high-concentration cannabis on other mental health conditions such as PTSD, anxiety, and depression.”

“It’s not an easy scientific question.”

In an interview, Samet said he wasn’t exactly surprised that the review didn’t come up with more conclusive answers.

One of the problems was the studies they had to work with. e research team at the Colorado School of Public Health screened roughly 66,000 studies and found 452 that were relevant to their questions about high-potency THC.

But what the team really wanted to examine was the e ects of the kind

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• Keep it polite: No name calling or “mudslinging.” of high-THC products sold today in the cannabis marketplace. e studies looking at the e ects of THC spanned some ve decades, meaning the products in those studies varied greatly and were often quite di erent from what is sold today.

Another problem: Studies funded by the National Institutes of Health were constrained to using cannabis from the government’s o cial research pot farm at the University of Mississippi. Cannabis from that facility is notoriously low quality.

“We learned there was a vast number of studies, potentially,” Samet said. “But that in fact there were not that many that directly addressed the policy questions we were interested in.”

It’s also not particularly easy to study e ects when there are so many other elements that can go into the equation besides potency. For instance, Samet said the method of consumption could have an impact, as could the amount consumed and the tolerance of the consumer.

Samet, who is both a pulmonary physician and an epidemiologist, compared the task of studying potent marijuana to another research topic he knows well, tobacco smoking. Before the proliferation of tobacco vaping, studying smoking was pretty easy. ere were only a handful of di erent consumption methods and a cigarette generally provided a tidy, standardized dose.

By contrast, trying to study can- nabis today introduces a dizzying number of variables.

“It’s not an easy scienti c question,” Samet said. “It’s not easy to generate the data you would like.”

Getting to the underlying answer

To Samet, getting better answers to questions about the health impacts of high-potency THC will require more uniform studies.

In other words, researchers across the country and the globe need to come up with consistent standards to use and consistent ways of measuring data. Having those standards in place would allow studies to be better compared and synthesized.

But, in the meantime, he says the Colorado School of Public Health review should come with a caution. While it may be tempting to look at the limited evidence on e ects and conclude it means high-potency THC isn’t harmful, Samet said it’s better for consumers to err on the safe side. After all, as the old scientific saying goes, absence of evidence is not absence of harm.

“We’ve certainly highlighted the complexities,” Samet said. “I wish we had found more de nitive evidence.” is story is from e Colorado Sun, a journalist-owned news outlet based in Denver and covering the state. For more, and to support e Colorado Sun, visit coloradosun.com. e Colorado Sun is a partner in the Colorado News Conservancy, owner of Colorado Community Media a three-day waiting period on gun purchases in Colorado. While there are typically a few overnight debates in any given legislative session, they traditionally happen at the end of a lawmaking term, not in the rst half, as this one did. e situation sparked conversations among Democrats about using the legislature’s rules to limit debate, which happened a few weeks later.

House Democrats limit debate

On March 25, a Saturday, Democrats in the House used Rule 14 to limit debate in the chamber for the rst time in at least a decade.

e next day, Bottoms delivered a speech on the House oor in which he called Democrats fascist. “You don’t like what you hear so you shut down the debate and the discussion. All the majority party had to do was sit and listen,” he said. “But you can’t do that, because listening to God, truth, righteousness and freedom actually hurts the souls of those who are not in favor of those mentalities. It doesn’t hurt their ears. It hurts their souls.”

On March 27, House Speaker Julie McCluskie, D-Dillon, vowed on the House oor to “not allow this to occur again on my watch.” She called Bottoms’ remarks “inappropriate and unbecoming” and said she regretted granting him a “moment of personal privilege” to speak. It was a big test for McCluskie, a rst-year speaker.

Democrats went on to use Rule 14 more than a dozen times, according to Rep. Anthony Hartsook, R-Parker, citing data tracked by the House GOP caucus.

McCluskie, speaking to reporters May 9 at a post-session news conference, defended the decision to limit debate.

“We began to recognize what was happening in our chamber was no longer respectful and productive,” she said. “Filibustering and delay tactics, by having bills read at length, is not why we were voted into o ce. We were voted into o ce to consider and debate policy. At the time we invoked House Rule 14, we wanted to drive more productive conversations.”

McCluskie said invoking Rule 14 led to more meaningful debate.

Bill banning sale of so-called assault weapons fails

In the early morning hours of April 20, on the anniversary of the 1999 Columbine High School massacre, the Democratic-controlled House Judiciary Committee voted down a measure that would have banned the sale of socalled assault weapons in Colorado. Democrats on the panel also blocked amendments that would have limited the measure to a much narrower prohibition on devices that make semi-automatic weapons re at a rate similar to automatic rearms. e bill’s sponsor, Rep. Elisabeth Epps, a Democrat from Denver, blamed her party’s leadership in the House for the measure’s failure. “It’s just hard to look at the math and know that we have so many more than 33 votes in this House of Representatives and to not be assigned to a committee where we could get to the oor with the bill intact,” she said.

It was unclear, however, whether the bill had enough votes to pass the legislature even if it had advanced out of the Judiciary Committee. While the bill’s failure wasn’t the rst major loss for progressives at the Capitol — a fair workweek measure killed in early March was — it was the rst piece of rejected legislation in a big week of General Assembly disappointments for the more liberal wing of the Democratic party.

This story is not finished!

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COMBINED NOTICE - PUBLICATION CRS §38-38-103 FORECLOSURE SALE NO. A202379731

To Whom It May Concern: This Notice is given with regard to the following described Deed of Trust:

On February 28, 2023, the undersigned Public Trustee caused the Notice of Election and Demand relating to the Deed of Trust described below to be recorded in the County of Adams records.

Original Grantor(s) EMERALD DIEDRE MUNCEO BAXTER

Original Beneficiary(ies) WELLS FARGO BANK, N.A.

Current Holder of Evidence of Debt WELLS FARGO BANK, N.A. Date of Deed of Trust August 19, 2019 County of Recording Adams

Recording Date of Deed of Trust August 27, 2019 Recording Information (Reception No. and/or Book/Page No.) 2019000070292

Original Principal Amount $414,584.00

Outstanding Principal Balance $407,326.50

303-566-4123

Pursuant to CRS §38-38-101(4)(i), you are hereby notified that the covenants of the deed of trust have been violated as follows: Failure to pay principal and interest when due together with all other payments provided for in the evidence of debt secured by the deed of trust and other violations thereof.

THE LIEN FORECLOSED MAY NOT BE A FIRST LIEN.

LOT 50, REUNION FILING NO. 25, CITY OF COMMERCE CITY, COUNTY OF ADAMS, STATE OF COLORADO.

*PURSUANT TO AFFIDAVIT OF SCRIVENER’S

ERROR RECORDED ON FEBRUARY 13, 2023 AT RECEPTION NO. 2023000007676 TO CORRECT LEGAL DESCRIPTION.

Also known by street and number as: 17677 E 111TH AVE, COMMERCE CITY, CO 80022-8952.

THE PROPERTY DESCRIBED HEREIN IS ALL OF THE PROPERTY CURRENTLY ENCUMBERED BY THE LIEN OF THE DEED OF TRUST.

NOTICE OF SALE

The current holder of the Evidence of Debt secured by the Deed of Trust, described herein, has filed Notice of Election and Demand for sale as provided by law and in said Deed of Trust.

THEREFORE, Notice Is Hereby Given that I will at public auction, at 10:00 AM on Wednesday, 06/28/2023, at 4430 S. Adams County Pkwy, Suite W1000, Brighton CO 80601-8219, sell to the high- est and best bidder for cash, the said real property and all interest of the said Grantor(s), Grantor(s)’ heirs and assigns therein, for the purpose of paying the indebtedness provided in said Evidence of Debt secured by the Deed of Trust, plus attorneys’ fees, the expenses of sale and other items allowed by law, and will issue to the purchaser a Certificate of Purchase, all as provided by law.

First Publication5/4/2023

Last Publication6/1/2023

Name of Publication Northglenn-Thornton Sentinel

IF THE SALE DATE IS CONTINUED TO A LATER

DATE, THE DEADLINE TO FILE A NOTICE OF INTENT TO CURE BY THOSE PARTIES ENTITLED TO CURE MAY ALSO BE EXTENDED;

DATE: 02/28/2023

Alexander L. Villagran, Public Trustee in and for the County of Adams, State of Colorado

By: Treasurer and Public Trustee

The name, address, business telephone number and bar registration number of the attorney(s) representing the legal holder of the indebtedness is:

Alison L. Berry #34531 Janeway Law Firm PC 9800 S. Meridian Blvd., #400, Englewood, CO 80112 (303) 706-9990 Attorney File # 23-029311

The Attorney above is acting as a debt collector and is attempting to collect a debt. Any information provided may be used for that purpose.

COMBINED NOTICE - PUBLICATION CRS §38-38-103 FORECLOSURE SALE NO. A202379757

To Whom It May Concern: This Notice is given with regard to the following described Deed of Trust:

On March 7, 2023, the undersigned Public Trustee caused the Notice of Election and Demand relating to the Deed of Trust described below to be recorded in the County of Adams records.

Original Grantor(s)

MARTIN KYLE LANDERS

Original Beneficiary(ies)

MORTGAGE ELECTRONIC REGISTRATION

SYSTEMS, INC. ACTING SOLELY AS NOMINEE FOR USAA FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK

Current Holder of Evidence of Debt

LAKEVIEW LOAN SERVICING, LLC

Date of Deed of Trust

July 31, 2019

County of Recording

Adams

Recording Date of Deed of Trust

August 05, 2019

Recording Information (Reception No. and/or

Book/Page No.)

2019000062576

Original Principal Amount

$190,000.00

Outstanding Principal Balance

$186,970.32

Pursuant to CRS §38-38-101(4)(i), you are hereby notified that the covenants of the deed of trust have been violated as follows: Failure to pay principal and interest when due together with all other payments provided for in the evidence of debt secured by the deed of trust and other violations thereof.

THE LIEN FORECLOSED MAY NOT BE A FIRST LIEN.

Adams County Warrants

CONDOMINIUM UNIT NO. 1-D, THE RAFT CLUB CONDOMINIUMS, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE DECLARATION RECORDED ON JANUARY 16, 1978 IN BOOK 2206 AT PAGE 299 AND CONDOMINIUM MAP RECORDED ON JANUARY 16, 1978 IN BOOK 2206 AT PAGE 318 OF THE ADAMS COUNTY RECORDS, COUNTY OF ADAMS, STATE OF COLORADO.

Also known by street and number as: 1655 HAVANA ST, UNIT 1D, AURORA, CO 80010.

THE PROPERTY DESCRIBED HEREIN IS ALL OF THE PROPERTY CURRENTLY ENCUMBERED BY THE LIEN OF THE DEED OF TRUST.

NOTICE OF SALE

The current holder of the Evidence of Debt secured by the Deed of Trust, described herein, has filed Notice of Election and Demand for sale as provided by law and in said Deed of Trust.

THEREFORE, Notice Is Hereby Given that I will at public auction, at 10:00 AM on Wednesday, 06/28/2023, at 4430 S. Adams County Pkwy, Suite W1000, Brighton CO 80601-8219, sell to the highest and best bidder for cash, the said real property and all interest of the said Grantor(s), Grantor(s)’ heirs and assigns therein, for the purpose of paying the indebtedness provided in said Evidence of Debt secured by the Deed of Trust, plus attorneys’ fees, the expenses of sale and other items allowed by law, and will issue to the purchaser a Certificate of Purchase, all as provided by law.

First Publication5/11/2023

Last Publication6/8/2023

Name of Publication Northglenn-Thornton Sentinel