Contents Getting the best from the book............................4
Section 1 The nature and variety of living organisms......................8 a) Characteristics of living organisms.................10 b) Variety of living organisms................................15 c) Exam-style questions...........................................25
Section 2 Structure and functions in living organisms..................28 a) Level of organisation............................................30 b) Cell structure..........................................................36 c) Biological molecules.............................................43 d) Movement of substances into and out of cells...............................................................55 e) Nutrition...................................................................68 f) Respiration...............................................................97 g) Gas exchange.........................................................105 h) Transport..................................................................124 i) Excretion....................................................................148 j) Coordination and response................................157 k) Exam-style questions...........................................177
Section 3 Reproduction and inheritance.............188 a) Reproduction..........................................................190 b) Inheritance..............................................................214 c) Exam-style questions...........................................248
Section 5 Use of biological resources......................320 a) Food production....................................................322 b) Selective breeding................................................342 c) Genetic modification (genetic engineering)..........................................350 d) Cloning.....................................................................359 e) Exam-style questions...........................................367
The International GCSE examination....374 Overview.......................................................................374 Assessment objectives and weightings.............375 Examination tips.........................................................375 Answering questions................................................378
Developing experimental skills..............380 Planning and assessing the risk............................380 Carrying out the practical work safely and skilfully......................................................386 Making and recording observations and measurements....................................................390 Analysing the data and drawing conclusions...................................................................393 Evaluating the data and methods used.............400
Mathematical skills....................................404 Glossary.........................................................................406 Answers..........................................................................415 Index...............................................................................434
Section 4 Ecology and the environment................254
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a) The organism in the environment..................256 b) Feeding relationships..........................................268 c) Cycles within ecosystems...................................283 d) Human influences on the environment........293 e) Exam-style questions...........................................311
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