CONTENTS
8 – Kinetics
171
13 – Halogenoalkanes 263
8.1 What affects the rate of a reaction?
172
13.1 What are halogenoalkanes?
8.2 Collision theory
172
8.3 Activation energy
173
13.2 Chemical reactions of halogenoalkanes 265
8.4 The Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution of energies
13.3 Ozone in the stratosphere
176
8.5 The effect of temperature on the rate of a reaction
176
8.6 The effect of concentration on the rate of a reaction
177
8.7 Catalysts
183
264
272
14 – Alkenes 280
14.1 Structure and bonding in alkenes
281
14.2 Addition reactions of alkenes
283
14.3 Addition polymers
290
15 – Alcohols 295 9 – Equilibria
191
15.1 Alcohols
296
9.1 The dynamic nature of equilibria
192
15.2 Ethanol production
298
9.2 The equilibrium constant, KC 195
15.3 Chemical reactions of alcohols
301
9.3 Changes that affect a system in a homogeneous equilibrium
197
15.4 Elimination reactions of alcohols
307
9.4 Industrial processes and equilibria
203
16 – Analytical techniques 314
10 – Redox reactions 209
16.1 Identifying functional groups
315
10.1 Oxidation and reduction
210
16.2 Mass spectrometry
320
10.2 Oxidation states
211
16.3 Infrared spectroscopy
322
10.3 Redox equations
217
16.4 The global warming link
328
11 – G roup 2, the alkaline earth metals 225
Answers
334
Glossary
350
11.1 Trends in physical properties
226
Index 355
11.2 Extracting titanium
229
Acknowledgements
11.3 Trends in chemical properties
230
11.4 Uses of Group 2 hydroxides
232
11.5 The relative solubilities of the Group 2 sulfates
235
12 – Group 7(17), the halogens
242
12.1 Trends in physical properties
243
12.2 Trends in chemical properties
245
12.3 The halide ion
247
12.4 Uses of chlorine
254
359
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