Citizen science, adaptation and climate change Chile and Brazil Allan Yu Iwama
Universidad de Los Lagos May 2019 Fondecyt | Conicyt 3180705
Adaptación al cambio climático en zonas costeras: el caso del Archipiélago de Chiloé (Chile) y litoral norte de São Paulo (Brasil). Integración de conocimientos locales y científicos a través de SIG participativo
Allan Yu Iwama Principal Investigator
Francisco Ther Supervisor
May 2019 Fondecyt | Conicyt 3180705
Presentation topics Citizen Science | Concepts and practice cases
Disasters and citizen science
• Concept
• The CoAdapta | Litoral project
• Why Citizen Science?
• The citizen science as strategy to engagement and co-production of knowledge for disaster risk reduction
• Citizen science projects in Brazil, Chile and África
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https://blogs.iadb.org/conocimiento-abierto/es/5-principios-para-maximizar-el-uso-de-los-datos-abiertos/
Open Science Citizen
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Open Science and Citizen Science Concept
▪ Open Science for ▪ Open Access ▪ Open Research ▪ Open Hardware ▪ Open Data ▪ Citizen Science ▪ […] ▪ Dialogue of knowledge ▪ Co-production of knowledge https://ocsdnet.org/
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Source | Minas Faz Ciencia by Lorena Tarcia (2017)
Citizen Science Concept The concept of citizen science is represented by a collaboration between non-specialists and professional scientists in the collection of data, dissemination of information and co-production of knowledge. They are "citizen scientists" who participate in initiatives aimed at the conservation of biodiversity, public facilities, mobility, climate change, among others [SIBBr - Brasil] As a result of this open, networked and transdisciplinary scenario, an improvement in the interactions between science, society and politics can be produced that leads to more democratic research [Fundación Ciencia Ciudadana Chile]
• Citizen science • […] • Dialogue of knowledge • Co-production of knowledge
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Collaborative networks OCSDNET, Canada & Inglaterra; Media Lab Prado, Espanha; OKF Open Knowledge, Finlandia; CiĂŞncia Aberta, Portugal; CCCB, Espanha; Hangar, Espanha; FACT Liverpool, Reino Unido; MAMM, Colombia; Ruta-N, Colombia; iHub, Quenia; DCRL, Alemanha; PinG Nantes, Franca [...]
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Source | Initiatives Brasil
Initiatives in Brazil
Ciência Cidadã - UFABC
SIBBr
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Monitore Tupinambás Fast Science
Initiatives in Brazil Open Science Ubatuba, promoted open and collaborative practices between academic science, traditional knowledge and non-formal knowledge, with the main objective of analyzing the relationship between open science and development, and proposing paths appropriate to the local context.
VĂdeo
http://cienciaaberta.ubatuba.cc/
Source | Initiatives Chile
Initiatives in Chile CEAZA
Centro Interfaces Emergentes
NAWI
10 CientĂficos de la basura
LaHubCollections
Datos cientĂficos abiertos
Source | Initiatives Chile
Initiatives in Chile
Lab space
Chile Cientifico
Nexus ChileUSA
R2B
Fundaciรณn Ciencia Ciudadana OS
Initiatives in Africa
Source | Initiatives Ă frica
Initiatives Citizen Science in Disaster context
Marchezini et al. 2018
Hicks et al. 2019
Initiatives Citizen Science in Disaster context CEMADEN-EDUCACAO | Brazil
DronLab CIGIDEN | Chile
CUIDAR | Inglaterra, Portugal, Espanha e Grécia
Initiatives Citizen Science in Disaster context LICCI | Spain
DronLab CIGIDEN | Chile
CoAdapta Litoral Brazil Chile
16 Workshop with local working groups – Quilombo do Campinho (Paraty). Phot credits | Tiago Bambini (2018)
Open questions
• We need to know what people think about climate change. • we need to know how people respond to the problems of climate change or global environmental problems
• What strategies have local communities sought to adapt to environmental and climate change? • Is it possible to build community-based adaptation plans? • What lessons can be learned in the Chilean and Brazilian context? 17
Context 2010 2014 Working local groups in 4 municipalities
Total 21 local supporters
Ubatuba
N=914 interviews
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N=914
interviews
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Survey Sections
▪ (I) Socioeconomic profile ▪ (II) Climate and enviroment changes ▪ (III) Risk and adaptation ▪ (IV) Governance/Risk Communication 20
Risk perception and re-action
‘[...] here is low risk [...] but in my neighbors is high risk [...]’ (Caraguatatuba, 3/12/2012).
I do not see risk, but if someone had a risk, they would undoubtedly warn and I would run away Caraguatatuba, en 12/03/2012). (Iwama 2014)
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Risk perception and re-action
• A small group seek for solutions to avoid damage or loss your life • Social Vulnerability + High risk
We need to involve the people! 22
Working together
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Why Chile and Brazil? Participatory mapping • In both areas there are experiences in the development of participatory mapping (Iwama and Delgado, 2017, Ther and Bravo, 2012, Zambra et al., 2015), but where the production of adaptation plans based on local knowledge has not yet been studied.
Coastal communities and social vulnerability • they are in coastal zones between the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic, areas exposed to threats such as floods and coastal dynamics; • Both areas develop important productive activities, associated with fishing exploitation (Araos, 2014, Silva 2014); • There are artisanal fishing and traditional communities, with different vulnerabilities (Silva, 2014, Ther and Bravo, 2012; Iwama et al. 2016) 24
Simões et al. (2016)
Ther y Bravo (2012)
Study area
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Chile: (a) Quellón, due to its characteristics as a coastal, island and ECMPOS; (b) Dalcahue, due to its characteristics as coastal communes in the Inland Sea of Chiloé; c) Hualaihué and Maullin, for their characteristic of coastal-continental communities.
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Brazil: (a) Ubatuba, Caraguatatuba and Paraty, due to their characteristics of coastalcontinental communities (quilombolas, indigenous and caiçaras).
CEMADEN | Monitoring and Early Warning of disasters in Brazil • Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communications (MCTIC) • Created in July 2011 • Objective of carrying out the monitoring and issuing alerts of natural disasters that subsidize safeguarding lives and diminishing the social, environmental and economic vulnerability resulting from natural events. • 958 monitored municipalities
http://www.cemaden.gov.br/ | Cemaden
CIGIDEN | Research Center for Integrated Disaster Risk Management - Chile
• CIGIDEN is a FONDAP Center of Excellence of CONICYT • in operation since 2012 • gathers researchers from areas as diverse as: Geosciences, Engineering, Social Sciences, Architecture and Design • In CIGIDEN, the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile participates as the main institution, and the Universidad Católica del Norte, Federico Santa María Technical University and Andrés Bello, as partners.
http://cigiden.cl/es/el-centro/
http://cigiden.cl/es/el-centro/
http://www.onemi.cl/
ONEMI
National Emergency Office of the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security
Open questions Context
Traditional Community (quilombolas, indĂgenas e caiçaras)
22/2/2018
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23/2/2018
Little or no Internet access in communities in rural areas.
Open questions How to transform data into information that supports community action? 31
Brazilian case
• Working local groups Núcleos CoAdapta
Brazilian case • Interviews – working local groups to communities
Brazilian case
Social cartography and GIS
Brazilian case
GIS workshops with local communities, school students
2006/2012 – tecnológico (gas) 2003’ elevación del mar 90’s inundación
Brazilian case
Social cartography to Participatory GIS
Brazilian case Workshop – ‘Roda de conversa’ Presentation of working groups, exchanges experiences, learning and future works
Chilean case | Quellón Working local groups Núcleos CoAdapta
Chilean case | Dalcahue Working local groups Núcleos CoAdapta
Chilean case | Maullín Working local groups Núcleos CoAdapta
Working together | timeline of events
Working together |
Community for community Folder | What to do in the face of a danger of flood?
Policy briefs |
Working together | school engagement
School Tancredo Neves Ubatuba – Register of school in Cemaden-Educação project
Working together | school engagement http://educacao.cemaden.gov.br/
School Tancredo Neves Ubatuba
Working together | school engagement http://educacao.cemaden.gov.br/
Integrating knowledges • Maullín - Chile
Evacuation routes in Maullín from ONEMI
Social cartography of security zone in Maullín
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Integrating knowledges โ ข Quellรณn - Chile
Evacuation routes in Quellรณn centre from ONEMI
Social cartography in Yaldad
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Integrating knowledges • Caraguatatuba - Brazil
Social cartography
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Flood risk from Participatory GIS
Flood risk from IPT/CPRM
Integrating knowledges
Flood risk from CPRM
• Sao Luiz do Paraitinga Social cartography
Flood risk from Participatory GIS 49
Integrating knowledges • Sao Luiz do Paraitinga
Evacuation points with rafting boats
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Integrating knowledges • Sao TomÊ e Principe
Coastal risks and security zone
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Integrating knowledges • Sao Tome and Principe
Coastal risks and security zone
Safety zone
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Open questions and challenges Challenges
Opportunities
▪ Opening for elements of different traditions and construction of knowledge | postulates, protocols, methodologies
▪ Access to technology and the dissemination of information (internet of things)
▪ Integrate the different forms of knowledge production
▪ Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI)
▪ participatory process | in which all involved are agents that promote learning at the same time they also learn (action research) ▪ 'Levels of participation | who participates, how they participate. Participation for whom?
▪ Digital platforms (Maptionnaire, Mapbox, Surging Seas, Story Map, Open Street Map, PrepData) 53
Digital plataforms | PrepData (The Partnership for Resilience and Preparedness )
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PrepData |
Data vizualization (flood risk, population grid, sea level trends)
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https://choices.climatecentral.org
PrepData | Mapping choices
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Videos | project
LindaGeo
Open Science Ubatuba
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CoAdapta | Litoral
Thank you Allan Yu Iwama Web
https://coadaptalitoral.weebly.com/ https://www.iwamallan.net/
allan.iwama@ulagos.cl Fondecyt | Conicyt 3180705
Queen Elizabeth Scholarship