CNG McAlee Supplement 2 by Classical Numismatic Group, LLC

The Coins of Roman Antioch Supplement No. 2

Richard McAlee

The Coins of Roman Antioch Supplement No. 2 Richard McAlee

CNG Classical Numismatic Group, LLC

Lancaster/London

Copyright Â© 2020 by Richard McAlee All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced by any means, printed, electronic, or other, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Published by Classical Numismatic Group, LLC PO Box 479 Lancaster, PA 17608-0479 Library of Congress XXXXXX ISBN XXXXXX Printed in the United States of America

Contents Corrigenda

Supplement to Abbreviations and Select Bibliography

Supplement to the Text

Supplement to the Commentary on the Coins

Supplement to the Catalogue

Supplement to Appendix I: Countermarks

The Coins of Roman Antioch Supplement No. 2 Corrigenda Page 62, Table 7 incorrectly shows the net number of obverse dies for coins of Year 9 from the Livia Hoard as 1 1/2, whereas it should be 1/2. The net number was correctly listed in Table 1 of the author’s article, “The Livia Hoard of Pseudo-Philip Tetradrachms”, AJN 11 (1999), pp. 1-12. Page 88, fn. 72 refers to Butcher 5c as “supposedly dated Caesarean Year 5”, whereas it should say “supposedly dated Caesarean Year 9”. This does not alter the conclusion that the coin belongs to the Augustan period. Page 200, fn. 333 incorrectly states: “The coin shown here as no. 450/2 is the same one illustrating Prieur 1482 ....” The two illustrations are not of the same coin; the footnote was apparently not revised when the coin used for the illustration was changed during the revision of the manuscript. Page 296, no. 790, “ANTΩЄINOC” should be “ANTΩNЄINOC”.

Supplement No. 2

Supplement to Abbreviations and Select Bibliography

Supplement to Abbreviations and Select Bibliography BSFN

Bulletin de la Société française de numismatique. Paris, France.

Butcher, Numerical Letters

K. Butcher, “Numerical Letters on Syrian Coins: Officina or Sequence Marks?” Revue Belge de Numismatique 2012, pp. 123-144.

Butcher & Ponting, Julio-Claudian Silver

K. Butcher and M. Ponting, “The silver coinage of Roman Syria under the Julio-Claudian emperors,” Levant 41 (2009), pp. 59-78.

Olivier & J. Olivier and C. Parisot-Sillon, “Les monnayages aux types de Cléopȃtre Parisot-Sillon et Antoine. Premiers resultats et perspectives.” BSFN 68 (2013) 9 (Nov.), pp. 256-268. RPC Supp. 2 A. Burnett, M. Amandry, P.P. Ripollès, I. Carradice, Roman Provincial Coinage, Supplement II (www.uv.es/=ripolles/rpc_s2) (2006) RPC Supp. 3 M. Amandry, A. Burnett, I. Carradice, P.P. Ripollès, M.S. Butcher, Roman Provincial Coinage, Supplement III (http://numismatics.org/epublications/RPC-S-3-ANS-2014.pdf) (New York, 2014) RPC Cons. Supp. P.P. Ripollès, A. Burnett, M. Amandry, I. Carradice, M. Spoerri Butcher, Roman Provincial Coinage, Consolidated Supplement I-III (1992 - 2015) (http://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/supp/rpc_cons_supp_1-3.pdf ) (2015) RPC 3 M. Amandry and A. Burnett, Roman Provincial Coinage, Vol. 4 (Nerva, Trajan and Hadrian) (London and Paris, 2015). On-line at (http://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk) RPC 9 A. Hostein and J. Mairat, Roman Provincial Coinage, Vol. 9 (Trajan Decius to Uranius Antoninus) (London and Paris, 2016). On-line at (http://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk) Woytek, Syrian Koinon

B. Woytek, “Die Cutters at Work: New Light on the Coinage for the Syrian Koinon,” AJN 23 (2011), pp. 153-167.

Supplement to the Text

Supplement No. 2

Supplement to the Text Pages 8-12, Dots and Numeral-Letters

The author examined the dots and numeral-letters which appear on the coins of Antioch (and on coins of several other north Syrian cities) and concluded that there is evidence to support both the hypothesis that they are chronological sequence marks and the alternative hypothesis that they represent different officinae of the mint, but the author favored the latter interpretation. K. Butcher has reviewed the evidence, including the die breaks on some Antiochene coins of Antoninus Pius pointed out by this author which appear to refute the hypothesis that the numeral-letters are chronological sequence marks.1 Butcher concluded that the evidence remains ambiguous, but disfavored the interpretation of the numeralletters as officinae marks, and offered a third possible interpretation of the marks:2 Taken together, the evidence of die links and the numerical letters suggest structure, if nothing else. In spite of the evidence of the die deterioration it is difficult to eliminate the sense that this structure involves numbered sequences, with dies occasionally being carried over from one numbered group to another, rather than enumeration of officinae operating simultaneously. If the numbers instead represented batches of metal to be processed, with those batches sometimes being processed separately, and at other times together in the same single workshop, we would end up with the same kind of pattern as observed here. Butcher argued: “Sequences are implied by other links between obverse dies … the links usually occur between adjacent numbers, rather than randomly between numbers.”3 While it is true that the links usually occur between adjacent numbers, there are instances where they do not. See no. 563(b), this supplement, for a coin of Antoninus Pius with the numeral-letter B (two) which was struck from from the same obverse die as no. 563(i) in the catalogue, with the number Θ (nine). The author has not encountered any examples of the same die on the intermediate numeral-letters, and it seems unlikely that the same obverse die would have been used on coins with the numeralletters B (two) and Θ (nine) if the numeral-letters represent a chronological sequence.

Pages 16-19, The Metrology of the Coins

The author summarized D.R. Walker’s metrological analyses of Antiochene silver coins in Table 2 of this book, but noted at p. 16 that Walker’s method of analysis (x-ray fluorescence) tends to overstate the true silver content of the coins because of surface enrichment. Butcher and Ponting have published several analyses of Roman denarii and Roman provincial silver coins using atomic absorption spectrometry and a sample of inner metal obtained by drilling into the edge of the coin, so that the distortions created by surface enrichment of the coins are minimized.4 In Butcher and Ponting, Julio-Claudian Silver, they published analyses of 71 Roman provincial silver coins of the Julio-Claudian emperors minted at Antioch, Tyre, and Caesarea in Cappadocia. Their results for the silver content of the Antiochene silver coins, as tabulated by the authors,5 are listed in the table below and compared to the results of Walker’s analyses.

Butcher, Numerical Letters. Butcher, Numerical Letters, p. 131. 3 Butcher, Numerical Letters, p. 130. 4 K. Butcher and M. Ponting, “Rome and the East: production of Roman provincial silver coinage for Caesarea in Cappadocia under Vespasian, AD 69-79,” Oxford Journal of Archaeology 14.1 (1995), pp. 63-77; K. Butcher and M. Ponting, “Atomic absorption spectrometry and Roman silver coins,” in A. Oddy and M. Cowell, eds., Metallurgy in Numismatics, Vol. 4 (London 1998), pp. 308-34; K. Butcher and M. Ponting, “The Roman denarius under the Julio-Claudian emperors: mints, metallurgy and technology,” Oxford Journal of Archaeology 24.2 (2005), pp. 163-97; “The silver coinage of Roman Syria under the JulioClaudian emperors,” Levant 41 (2009), pp. 59-78 (cited here as Butcher and Ponting, Julio-Claudian Silver); Butcher and M. Ponting, “The denarius in the first century,” in N. Holmes, ed., Proceedings of the XIV International Numismatic Congress, Glasgow 2009 (Glasgow 2011), pp. 557-68; and “The Beginning of the End? The Denarius in the Second Century”, NC 172 (2012), pp. 63-83. 5 Butcher and Ponting, Julio-Claudian Silver, p. 70. 1 2

Supplement No. 2 Coin Type

Supplement to the Text Butcher and Ponting

Walker

Pseudo-Philip

69%

73%

Augustus/Zeus seated

50%?

73%

Augustus/Tyche seated

67%

78%

Caligula

50%?

68%

Claudius

82%

Nero, Year 3 (A.D. 56/57)

50%

63%

Nero, A.D. 59-63

70%

79%

Butcher and Ponting summarized these results as follows:6 [For Nero’s coinage of A.D. 59-63:] Some very minor variations can be observed from year to year ... or between different groups, but as a whole this coinage exhibits a remarkable consistency. The overall mean silver bullion fineness for Nero’s ‘eagle’ tetradrachm coinage at Antioch is 70%, which is essentially (within analytical error) the same fineness used for the coinage of Philip Philadelphus (69%). The two can be regarded as equivalent. The same may be said, with only slight reservations, about the Augustan ‘Tyche’ coinage: it is essentially (again within analytical error) the same fineness as the other two coinages (67%). The other coinages are more difficult to interpret because of the small numbers of specimens available for analysis. The coins of Nero’s year 3 are the most consistent, at 50% fine. The Caligula and Augustan ‘Zeus’ coins may be of a similar standard, but more analyses are needed.

Their analysis of a single example of the Augustus/Zeus seated tetradrachms indicated a silver content of 55%; the same coin had been analyzed by Walker, with a reading of 70% silver content. Their analyses of two examples of Caligula’s coinage indicated 72% and 56% silver content, but the former had been harshly cleaned, resulting in an exaggerated reading for its silver content. Butcher and Ponting also analyzed a single example of the Nero/Divus Claudius tetradrachms with Latin legend, with a reading of 48% silver content (compared to Walker’s result of 63%), and stated: “Not much can be said based on a sample of one, but the fineness looks as if it is the same as that employed for year three of Nero (i.e. about 50%).”7 Based on additional analysis of trace elements in this coin as compared to contemporary coins issued by Antioch and Caesarea in Cappadocia, they concluded “that the tetradrachm was produced from the same silver bullion stock as the didrachms [of Caesarea in Cappadocia], and that Caesarea in Cappadocia was the place of minting. .... However, it is still unclear whether the tetradrachm was made for circulation in the areas where Caesarean coins normally circulated or whether they were produced there and sent to Syria. The very meagre evidence from find spots suggests that the latter is more likely....”8 There is ancient literary evidence for two different standards for Syro-Phoenician tetradrachms during this period: an Attic drachm worth one denarius, and an Antiochene drachm worth three-quarters of a denarius.9 Thus, a tetradrachm struck on the Attic standard would have been worth four denarii, while a tetradrachm struck on the Antiochene standard would have been worth three denarii. Butcher and Ponting concluded that, except for the Tyrian silver coins, which were struck at a very high standard of 97% silver, most of the silver coins they analyzed fell into two groups, one approximately 70% fine and the other approximately 50% fine, and that these appear to correspond to the Attic and Antiochene standards, respectively. They summarized their conclusions about the Antiochene tetradrachms struck on these standards as follows:10

Butcher and Ponting, Julio-Claudian Silver, p. 70. Butcher and Ponting, Julio-Claudian Silver, p. 70. 8 Butcher and Ponting, Julio-Claudian Silver, p. 76. 9 Metrology 1, pp. 70-71. 10 Butcher and Ponting, Julio-Claudian Silver, p. 71. 6 7

Supplement to the Text

Supplement No. 2

Expressed as ratios or fractions, one alloy (70%) seems to be composed of approximately one part copper to two parts silver (1/3 to 2/3). The other is one part copper to one part silver (1/2 and 1/2). If the former is to be regarded as the ‘Attic’ standard, with a tetradrachm worth four denarii, then the other fineness stands in the correct relationship to it if it is to be regarded as the ‘Antiochene’, with a tetradrachm worth three denarii (three-quarters of two-thirds equal a half). But perhaps it would be wisest not to insist on a correlation between these names and the alloys at this point. Whatever we might call them, the two standards would appear to have been employed as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Posthumous Philip coinage: 69% fine=‘Attic’? Augustus ‘Zeus’ coinage: 50%?=‘Antiochene’? Augustus ‘Tyche’ coinage: 67%=‘Attic’? Caligula: 50%?=‘Antiochene’? Claudius: ? Nero, year 3: 50%=‘Antiochene’? Nero ‘eagle’ coins, years 6/108-116: 70%=‘Attic’? Nero and Divus Claudius: 50%=‘Antiochene’?

It is interesting to observe that, except for the Augustus/Zeus seated coins (the analysis of which is limited to a single example), the tetradrachms which were apparently struck on the Antiochene standard normally have as the reverse type a bust of a member of the imperial family (Agrippina Senior in the case of Caligula, Agrippina Junior or Claudius in the case of the Nero year 3 coins, and Divus Claudius in the case of the Nero Latin legend coins). In contrast, the tetradrachms apparently struck on the Attic standard have as the reverse type either a seated figure (Zeus or Tyche) or an eagle. This would have allowed users to distinguish coins struck on the two different standards.

Page 23, Countermarks

Regarding the countermarks of Caligula (which appear only on SC coins and on Tiberian dupondii of Commagene), Howgego said: “It is likely that the countermarks were applied at Syrian Antioch because they form a sequence with the SC coins, which were struck there.”11 The countermarks of Claudius and Nero (which appear only on SC coins and on legate coins of Silanus) were also probably applied at Antioch. Similar countermarks were applied by some of the Syrian legates (governors). The countermark ΛAM appears on Tiberian dupondii of Commagene. See Fig. 3B, A.12 Howgego said of this countermark: “Unlikely to refer to L. Aelius Lamia, absentee legate of Syria AD 21-32, but there is no obvious alternative explanation.” The attribution of this countermark to Lamia is strengthened by the recent appearance of an unpublished countermark on a Tiberian dupondius of Commagene: KOP.13 See Fig. 3B, B. This countermark surely refers to Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo, the Roman general who campaigned to maintain Roman control of Armenia, served as legate of Syria during A.D. 60-63, and in A.D. 63 was granted imperium maius over the eastern provinces.14

Fig 3B. Countermarks of Syrian legates

Howgego, GIC 521. Howgego, GIC 549. The example shown is from the author’s collection and has a second countermark, Howgego, GIC 111.iii) or iv). 13 Numismatik Lanz, eBay Item No.232695865083, March 2018. The countermark is a circular punch and also has two dots and and an unidentified object above the letters. 14 CAH 10, pp. 248, 713. 11

Supplement No. 2

Supplement to the T ext

Forgeries, Counterfeits, Imitations, and Tooled Coins

The coin shown at Figure 5Q and discussed at page 25 (an Æ 15 with obverse bust of Tyche and reverse altar) was wrongly described as an ancient counterfeit of an Antiochene civic coin. In fact, it is an extremely rare coin of Zeugma, Commagene (imitating the similar type from Antioch) which has been tentatively attributed by Butcher and RPC to the Antonine period, struck from the same dies as the Paris example.15 A modern forgery of a Pescennius Niger tetradrachm (see Fig. 5, Y) recently appeared on the market. It appears to have been struck (or cast from a die-struck copy) from dies imitating no. 655A (= NAC 39, 16-17 May 2007, 132): AR “tetradrachm” Leu Numismatik 2, 11 May 2018, 209 (26 mm; 10.90 g; 1h) (Lot Withdrawn). Obv. YAΩKCAICAP - O(?)TЄCKNIΓPѠ. Laur. bust of Pescennius Niger r., dr. and cuir., seen from behind. Rev. [ΠPON] OIΔ ΘѠ Eagle stg. on club or ground line, head r.

Fig 5. Forgeries and counterfeits The style of the portrait is different from that of the nine known tetradrachms of Pescennius Niger, and the legends are blundered. The Leu catalogue described it as struck from the same dies as McAlee 655A, but this is not correct. The dies appear to have been copied from the NAC coin, and the blundered letters in the legends correspond to letters which are distorted or difficult to read on the NAC coin: compare the “O” in “AYTOK.” on the NAC coin with the inapposite “Ω” near the beginning of the legend on this coin; compare the “K” at the beginning of “KAICAP” on the NAC coin with the “C” at the beginning of “CAICAP” on this coin; compare the “ΓΠ” at the beginning of “ΓΠЄCK” on the NAC coin with the “O(?)T” at the corresponding location on this coin; and compare the partial legend on the reverse of the NAC coin with the strikingly similar partial legend on the reverse of this coin.

Supplement to the Commentary on the Coins Pages 158-159, VESPASIAN, THE AUREI AND DENARII The newly revised edition of RIC 2 generally follows RPC 2 in its grouping of the Flavian aurei and denarii attributed to mints in Egypt, Judaea, and Syria, with some amendments based on the work of Kevin Butcher.16 The first group consists of aurei of Alexandrian style which closely match the Syrian tetradrachms classified by this author (and RPC 2) in Groups 1, 2, and 3. See this book, Fig. 18 at p. 159, and Fig. 18A, A below.17 RIC 22 attributes these aurei to “Alexandria (?)”, but it is very likely that these are the gold coins struck at Antioch to which Tacitus refers (see this book, discussion at p. 158), even if the dies were cut in Alexandria.18 The second group consists of aurei which resemble the tetradrachms of Group 8 (RPC 2, Group 6), attributed by this author to Judaea Capta. See Fig. 18A, B below, a superb example with obverse head of Titus and reverse IVDAEA DEVICTA.19 The third group consists of aureii and denarii attributed to Antioch c. A.D. 70, although they do not bear any obvious resemblance to the tetradrachms or bronze coins of Antioch. See Fig. 18A, C20 and D21 below. The fourth group is attributed in RIC 22 to Antioch c. A.D. 72-73. The group includes the aurei with a distinctive left-facing bust of Vespasian, which closely

Butcher, no, 27 at p. 463; RPC 4 (online) no. 9028 (temporary). RIC 22, pp. 45-47; RPC 2, pp. 270-273. 17 The coin shown at Fig. 18A, A = Triton 21, 8 Jan. 2018, 28 = RPC 2, 1905/2 (attributed to Antioch). 18 See discussion at RPC 2, p. 276. 19 Heritage Auctions 3003, 8-9 March 2012, 20531 (7.49 g; 12h). This coin varies from RIC 22 1535 = RPC 2, 1912 in two respects: the reverse legend begins at lower right rather than upper left, and the inscription on the helmet is IMP/T/CAESAR rather than IMP/T/CAES. 20 Numismatica Ars Classica 64, 17 May 2012, 1139. RIC 22 1539; RPC 2, 1914. 21 Numismatica Ars Classica 72, 16-17 May 2013, 623 = Numismatica Ars Classica 102, 24 Oct. 2017, 504 (7.78 g). RIC 22 1540; RPC 2---. This is the same coin listed but not illustrated in RIC, ex M&M 17. The emperor’s name in the obverse legend is abbreviated VESPASIAN., not VESPASIANVS in full as described in RIC. 15 16

Supplement to the Commentary on the Coins

Supplement No. 2

resemble the tetradrachms of Group 10 (RPC 2, Group 8), attributed by this author to Tyre. See Fig. 18A, E22 and F23 below. Recently, an example of a previously unpublished type of aureus belonging to the fourth group was found in North Lincolnshire, Great Britain. See Fig. 18A, G below.24 The portrait style and the bust truncation resemble those of the tetradrachms of Group 9 (RPC 2, Group 7), also attributed by this author to Tyre.25 There are probably other varieties attributable to eastern mints which have not yet been catalogued as such. See, for example, Fig. 18A, H, an aureus26 which resembles some of the aurei already attributed to Antioch (compare RIC 22 1544-1545 = RPC 2, 19181919), but which is listed only for the mint of Rome (RIC 22 47).

Fig. 18A. Flavian aurei struck in Syria Pages 160-161, VESPASIAN, THE ORICHALCUM COINAGE The authors of RPC Supp. 3, at p. 82, express disagreement with the revised edition of RIC 2 in its rejection of the dupondii as being intended for circulation in Syria, for much the same reasons expressed by this author at Supplement No. 1, p. 9, to this book. They state: “We prefer to regard the whole group of all denominations as a single group, minted at Rome and originally intended for Syria (so RPC II), and would explain the western provenances as resulting from the transfer back to the west of coins previously transported to Syria from Rome.” In support, they cite an example of no. 369 with a countermark of the Tenth Legion, apparently a different example than the one published by this author in Supplement No. 1. Page 263, SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS Butcher’s reattribution to Antioch of the denarii attributed in RIC and BMCRE to Emesa and Laodicea (“old style”) also applies to the aurei of similar style. A previously unpublished type recently appeared at auction with the reverse legend FORTVN REDVC and reverse type Fortuna standing with palm-branch and cornucopia.27 See Fig. 23A, A. One aureus which does not resemble any of the denarii is BMCRE 5, p. 82, no. 318, which the footnote there described as: “Style unparalleled in coinage of Septimius. Probably a mint not yet identified--not Antioch, which was in the hands of Niger till about the end of A.D. 194.” Butcher’s assessment of it was: “A very rare issue for Severus, CNG, Triton 14, 3 Jan. 2011, 675 (7.44 g; 12h). RIC 22 1552; RPC 2, 1926. Numismatica Ars Classica 67, 17 Oct. 2012, 132 (7.39 g). RIC 22 1548; RPC 2, 1923. 24 St. James’s 21, 19 April 2012, 52 (7.52 g). Obv. IMP. CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVG. Laur. head of Vespasian r. Rev. IVSTITIA AVG. Justitia seated r. holding sceptre in r. hand and bunch of corn-ears in l., r. foot resting on stool. The same reverse type appears on rare aurei and denarii of Augustus with reverse legend PONTIF. MAXIM., with the figure identified as either Livia(?) as Ceres or Justitia. BMCRE 544, RIC 12 219-220. A similar type also appears on the aurei and denarii of Tiberius. RIC 12 25-30. The only published aureus of similar style is RIC 22 1543, with reverse LIBERTAS AVG. 25 Compare especially no. 357/1, this catalogue, and RPC 2, 1971/4. 26 Sincona AG 6, 23 May 2012, 184 = Hirsch 284, 26-27 Sept. 2012, 2740. 27 Rauch 99, 8-9 Dec. 2015, 171 (7.19 g). 22 23

Supplement No. 2

Supplement to the Commentary on the Coins

tentatively attributed to Antioch immediately following the defeat of Pescennius in 194.”28 The reverse legend is FORTVNAE REDVCI and the type is Fortuna standing with rudder and cornucopia, a type which is associated with Antioch and common for the denarii of that mint.29 The letter “F” at the beginning of the reverse legend has a curved tail, which Butcher notes is one of the “unique idiosyncracies” of this mint.30 Recently, aurei with two new reverse types have been found paired with the same obverse die. One has the reverse legend LEG VIII AVG II COS and reverse type legionary eagle between two standards, TR P COS in exergue.31 See Fig. 23A, B. The other has the reverse legend VIRT AVG TRP COS and the reverse type Virtus standing facing, head left, holding Victory and reverted spear.32 See Fig. 23A, C. A gold quinarius of Septimius Severus resembling the aurei and denarii of “Emesa” (which should be attributed to Antioch) recently appeared at auction, with the reverse legend VICTOR AVG and reverse type Victory advancing left holding wreath in right hand and palm frond in left.33 It was described in the auction catalogue as “Laodicea ad Mare mint”, but should be attributed to Antioch. It is the first example of this denomination from the mint of Antioch known to the author. See Fig. 23A, D.

Fig 23A. Aurei and gold quinarius of Septimius Severus struck at Antioch

Page 290, ELAGABALUS Fig. 28A shows a large denomination bronze of Elagabalus34 struck at Antioch for Samosata which has two dots in the exergue, the same distinctive control mark seen on some of the contemporary bronzes of Antioch, including one struck from the same obverse die as this coin. See no. 803(f), this supplement.

Fig. 28A. Large bronze coin of Elagabalus struck at Antioch for Samosata Page 255, COMMODUS At page 255 the author stated: “Only the leg and thigh symbol appears on the tetradrachms of Marcus Aurelius, and it is not apparent why some of Commodus’s tetradrachms used a second symbol [a thunderbolt - see no. 632]

Butcher, p. 99. The coin is illustrated at Butcher, Fig. 32, no. 1. RIC 376A - 388, attributed there to Emesa. 30 Butcher, p. 100. 31 Roma Numismatics 10, 27 Sept. 2015, 814 (7.23 g; 12h). For the only other known example, see H.-J. Kellner, Neue Fundmünzen aus Bayern, JNG 28/29, 1978/1979, 43 Pl. 9, 1. 32 Numismatica Ars Classica 67, 17 Oct. 2012, 180 (7.41 g). 33 CNG 103, 14 Sept. 2016, 866 (15 mm; 3.74 g; 12h). 34 eBay Item No. 200955581024, Sept. 2013. 28 29

Supplement to the Commentary on the Coins

Supplement No. 2

as well [that is, in lieu of the leg and thigh symbol].â&#x20AC;? No. 580B in this supplement demonstrates that the thunderbolt symbol was used not only on some tetradrachms of Commodus, but was also used on some of Marcus Aurelius. Page 364, TRAJAN DECIUS Antioch also produced antoniniani under Trajan Decius, but in much smaller numbers than the tetradrachms. The Antioch mint antoniniani listed in RIC for Trajan Decius35 all have the obverse legend IMP. C. M. Q. TRAIANVS DECIVS AVG. Both the legend and the portrait style of these coins correspond to the Group 3 tetradrachms, which were struck late in the reign of Decius. However, a previously unpublished antoninianus of Trajan Decius36 shows that there was also a very small issue of antoniniani corresponding to the Group 1A tetradrachms, which were struck early in the reign. The description of the coin is: Obv. IMP. CAES. C. MES. CVIN. DECCIVS AVG. Radiate bust of Trajan Decius r., dr. and cuir., seen from behind. Rev. VICTORIA AVG. Victory running r., holding wreath and palm. See Fig. 32A. Both the legend and the portrait style correspond precisely to those of the Group 1A tetradrachms.

Fig. 32A. Unpublished antoninianus of Trajan Decius corresponding to Group 1A tetradrachms

RIC 4, 44-48. RIC erroneously describes the bust type as radiate, draped and cuirassed; in fact it is cuirassed (no drapery), seen from behind. Antioch also struck antoniniani with portraits of Herennia Etruscilla, Herennius Etruscus, and Hostilian. See RIC 4, 62-70, 156-160, and 193-209. 36 Kunker 273, 14 March 2016, 886 (3.62 g). 35

Supplement No. 2

Supplement to the Catalogue

Supplement to the Catalogue 15A. Year 22 Caesarean Era = 28/27 B.C. AR tetradrachm Same as no. 4, but in ex., KB, and dot at base of throne back. Numismatik Lanz, eBay Item No. 301084616420, Jan. 2014 (15.2 g); Dionysos, eBay Item No. 391310841623, Nov. 2015 (14.85 g); MC (14.94 g; 12h). (V. Rare) On this variety the date is rendered KB, while on no. 15 it is rendered BK. 23. Year 29 Caesarean Era = 21/20 B.C. AR tetradrachm (a) Dot above Zeus’s forearm. Gitbud & Naumann, eBay Item No. 360839650337, Jan. 2014 (14.1 g). (Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue. 23A. Year 29 Caesarean Era = 21/20 B.C. AR tetradrachm Same as no. 23, but in ex., KΘ. Dot to r. of waist and dot above forearm. Savoca Coins, 4th Blue Auction, 30 Dec. 2017, 559 (14.54 g). (Ex. Rare) 25. Year 31 Caesarean Era = 19/18 B.C. AR tetradrachm MC (15.08 g; 12h) (V. Rare) This coin has a bold dot above Zeus’s forearm (at the end of the wreath-tie), but it does not have the dot to the r. of Zeus’s waist or the small dot to the l. of the triangle in the throne leg which appear on the example shown in the catalogue and on the example shown in RPC. 26. Year 32 Caesarean Era = 18/17 B.C. AR tetradrachm Dionysos, eBay Item No. 390897923945, Aug. 2014 (14.97 g); MC (15.05 g; 1h). (V. Rare) Both coins are struck from the same pair of dies, and both have a control mark consisting of a dot in the middle of the back of Zeus’s throne, with two parallel lines above the dot on the throne back. 27. Year 33 Caesarean Era = 17/16 B.C. AR tetradrachm Ancient Coins of Canada, eBay Item No.181115650798, April 2013 (15.02 g).37 (V. Rare) This coin has a dot on Zeus’s protruding knee, like the few others recorded for this year, but it also has a dot on Zeus’s forehead, which is a control mark not observed on any other coins to date. 38. Year 13 Pompeian Era = 54/53 B.C. Æ 20 (tetrachalkon) (d) Star. Roma Numismatics E-Sale 16, 28 Feb. 2015, 235 (8.49 g; 2h). (V. Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue.

42A. Year 18 Pompeian Era = 49/48 B.C. Æ 19 (tetrachalkon) MC (7.10 g; 1h) The date on the coin shown in the catalogue (the only other published example with this date) is partially off the flan. On this coin the date is fully legible, confirming that coins were struck in this year. 45A. Year 3 Caesarean Era = 47/46 B.C. Æ 24 (tetrachalkon) Same as no. 45, but Γ in ex. MC (11.31 g; 12h). The first issue bearing a Caesarean date is no. 45, dated Year 2 and with no symbol to the left of seated Zeus, of which only two examples are known. The coins dated Year 3 normally have a symbol to the left of seated Zeus (no. 46, with ear of wheat, no. 47, with Isis’s headdress, and no. 48, with palm-branch). This coin was struck from the same obverse die as the author’s example of no. 45, and it has no symbol to the left of seated Zeus, like the coins dated Year 2. It appears to be a transitional issue, presumably the earliest dated dated Year 3, struck immediately following the coins dated Year 2. 60. Year 11 Caesarean Era = 39/38 B.C. Æ 20 (tetrachalkon) (a) No symbol. 60(a)/2 = MC (6.83 g; 12h). (V. Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue. 64. Year 15 Caesarean Era = 34/33 B.C. Æ 20 (tetrachalkon) (b) Cornucopia to l. of seated Zeus. Leu 7, 23 Feb. 2019, 905 (7.55 g; 1h). (Ex. Rare) 65. Year 16 Caesarean Era = 35/34 B.C. Æ 19 (tetrachalkon) (b) Star to l. of seated Zeus. MC (7.82 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue. (d) Dot to l. of seated Zeus. MC (7.12 g). (Ex. Rare) This control mark is previously unpublished for Antiochene aes coins, and resembles the control marks on the the pseudo-Philip tetradrachms (e.g., catalogue no. 21). 66. Year 17 Caesarean Era = 33/32 B.C. Æ 19 (tetrachalkon) (a) Star to l. of seated Zeus. ANS. (V. Rare) (b) Star below throne. MC (8.06 g; 11h). (Ex. Rare) The first variety was published in the catalogue as no. 66. The second variety is shown here. The Z in the date (ZI) is backwards.

This coin was purchased by the author and lost in the mail prior to delivery.

Supplement to the Catalogue

Supplement No. 2

38(d) 15A

42A 23(a)

45A 23A

60(a)

25-2 64(b)

26-2 65(b)

26-3

65(d)

66(b) 27-4

Supplement No. 2

67. Year 19 Caesarean Era = 31/30 B.C. Æ 20 (tetrachalkon) (a) Ear of wheat. MC (7.37 g; 12h). On this example the date resembles I7I. It could be read as ΓΛ, but it must be ΘI. The symbol to the left of the seated Zeus, an ear of wheat, only appears on the coins of Year 19. Moreover, the coin has the same distinctive style as others dated Year 19: the right throne leg has a triangular ornament which only appears on the coins dated Year 19 or later, while the seated Zeus is more gracile and wellexecuted than the one on the coins dated Year 20 or later. 70. Year 21 Caesarean Era = 29/28 B.C. Æ 20 (tetrachalkon) (b) Star to l. of seated Zeus. MC (8.37 g; 11h). A better photograph of this variety is added (the coin illustrated in the catalogue has the date off the flan). 70A. Year 22 Caesarean Era = 28/27 B.C. Æ 19 (tetrachalkon) MC (7.60 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) This coin confirms the date BK recorded for Butcher 32a, which was uncertain and based on a single coin in Paris. 70B. Year 25 Caesarean Era = 25/24 B.C. Æ 20 (tetrachalkon) (b) Cornucopia and dot to l. of seated Zeus. MC (6.73 g; 1h). (Ex. Rare) This coin confirms the date KE recorded for Butcher 33a, and also confirms the variety with cornucopia recorded for Butcher 33.2a, which Butcher reported as “ Seyrig cast (date unclear)”. The date on this coin is quite clear, and the symbol is a cornucopia with a dot above it. 78. Year 3 Pompeian Era = 64/63 B.C. Æ 12 (chalkous) (a) No monogram MC (1.44 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) (b) Monogram (Ā) to l. of Apollo (1.67 g; 12h), listed and illustrated at Appendix 4 (Addenda to the Catalogue). Both coins are clearly dated Γ (Year 3), and the coin in the BN (Butcher 1c = RPC 4209, described in both publications as Year 10) is probably also of Year 3. 78A. Æ 13 (chalkous) This coin, described and illustrated in the original publication, was interpreted as being dated Year 10 of the Pompeian Era because it has an I in the outer field of the reverse, to the left of the legend (see photograph at p. 81). The exergue, which is the area in which the date would normally be located, is off the flan and therefore illegible on this coin. The author has since noticed that this coin is struck from the same obverse die as another coin in his collection dated Seleucid Year 224; that coin is illustrated at Figure 12, p. 60 of the original publication. It seems highly unlikely that an obverse die used in Seleucid Year 224 (89/88 B.C.) would still be in use more than thirty years later, in Pompeian Year 10 (57/56 B.C.). Therefore, no. 78A was almost certainly struck at about the same time as the coin dated Seleucid Year 224, and would have had a Seleucid Era date in the exergue. The only examples of this type seen by this author which have legible dates other than Seleucid Era dates are those dated Year 3. See no. 78 above.

Supplement to the Catalogue 81B. Year 18 Caesarean Era = 32/31 B.C. Æ 18 (trichalkon) Same as no. 79, but in ex., HI. Caduceus to l. of tripod, dot to r of tripod. MC = RPC Cons. Supp., RPC S3-I-4234A (6.13 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) 133. Year 194 Caesarean Era = A.D. 145/146 Æ 16 (trichalkon) (a) A MC (2.98 g; 12h). (V. Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue. 135. Year 194 Caesarean Era = A.D. 145/146 Æ 16 (trichalkon) (f) Z (backwards) Gitbud & Naumann, eBay Item No. 361331659996 (July 2015). (Ex. Rare) 136. Year 194 Caesarean Era = A.D. 145/146 Æ 16 (trichalkon) (d) No numeral-letter. Beast Coins, VCoins, April 2015 = Holyland Numismatics, VCoins, March 2012 (2.83 g). (Ex. Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue. 137. Year 194 Caesarean Era = A.D. 145/146 Æ 16 (trichalkon) (a) No numeral-letter (?) BMC 116; Waage 442 (Rare) (b) I Naville Numismatics 30, 2 April 2017, 200 (2.80 g). (Ex. Rare) 137A. Year 194 Caesarean Era = A.D. 145/146 Æ 16 (trichalkon) Same as no. 137, but on rev., ram running left. Numeral-letter: A. Civitas Galleries, Coins, April 2018 (2.80 g). (Ex. Rare) 141. Year 194 Caesarean Era = A.D. 145/146 Æ 14 (dichalkon) (b) No numeral-letter. Numismatik Lanz, eBay Item No. 301134602654, March 2014 (1.5 g). (V. Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue. (c) H MC (1.94 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) 142. Year 194 Caesarean Era = A.D. 145/146 Æ 15 (dichalkon) (c) Γ Gitbud 1, 11 Dec. 2016, 103 (2.55 g). (Ex. Rare) (d) I Münzhandlung Ritter, MA-Shops March 2017 (1.59 g). (Ex. Rare) 143. Year 194 Caesarean Era = A.D. 145/146 Æ 14 (dichalkon) (c) No numeral-letter. This example has the rev. legend counter-clockwise from lower r. instead of clockwise from lower l. Pecunem 26, 7 Dec. 2015, 411 (1.81 g) (Ex. Rare) (d) Z Emporium Hamburg, MA Shops, Feb. 2013. (Ex. Rare) 145. Year 195 Caesarean Era = A.D. 146/147 Æ 16 (trichalkon) (c) Γ Savoca Coins, eBay Item No. 262762442151, Dec. 2016 (2.96 g). (Ex. Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue.

Supplement to the Catalogue

Supplement No. 2

137(b) 67(a)

137A 70(b)

141(b) 70A

141(c) 70B

142(c) 78(a)

142(d) 81B

133(a)

135(f)

136(d)

143(c)

143(d)

145(c)

Supplement No. 2

146. Year 195 Caesarean Era = A.D. 146/147 Æ 17 (trichalkon) (d) Γ Beast Coins, VCoins, April 2015 (2.73 g). (Ex. Rare) 147. Year 195 Caesarean Era = A.D. 146/147 Æ 15 (dichalkon) (c) I MC (1.83 g; 1h). (Ex. Rare) 149. Year 195 Caesarean Era = A.D. 146/147 Æ 14 (dichalkon) (e) B MNS, VCoins, Jan. 2015 (2.57 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) 160. Year 212 Caesarean Era = A.D. 163/164 Æ 13 (dichalkon) (b) No numeral-letter. MC (1.47 g; 6h). (V. Rare) The reverse legend on this coin reads counterclockwise, beginning from lower right; the three examples published at Waage 497-499 (but not shown in the plates) all have a legend clockwise from lower left. The coin in the Hunterian Museum, now published at SNGHunter 3002, has a laurel branch with a curved stem. The author’s coin has a “branch” with a very different appearance, and it may represent a laurel tree rather than a branch. Compare this catalogue, no. 138, depicting Daphne transforming into a tree. See also RIC 12, Pl. 1, 33b and Pl. 2, 36b, for denarii of Augustus with similar laurel branches/trees (described there as laurel branches); RIC 22 681 and 690, for denarii of Vespasian with similar laurel branches/trees (described in the catalogue as laurel trees but in the index as laurel branches); and SNG von Aulock 2397, 2401 for bronze coins of Alabanda in Caria depicting a filleted laurel branch of similar appearance. 164A. Year 226 Caesarean Era = A.D. 177/178 Æ 19 (trichalkon) Obv. ANTIOXAI [sic] MHTPOΠ. Towered, dr. and veiled bust of Tyche r.; ΔЄ to l. and r. of bust. Rev. ЄTOVC KC, from lower l. Lighted altar, garlanded; beneath altar, above exergual line, ΔЄ. MC (19 mm; 4.76 g; 12h); Numismatik Lanz, eBay Item No. 302666087578, March 2018 (15 mm; 4.73 g). (Ex. Rare). The date on the second example is only partially legible, but the coin is struck from the same reverse die as the first example. 167.corr. Year 226 Caesarean Era = A.D. 177/178 Æ 13 (dichalkon) Obv. ANTIO. MHTPOΠ. Laur. and dr. bust of Apollo r., dot and ΔЄ to r. of bust. Rev. ЄTOVC KC Branch of laurel. MC = Kunker 49, 15-17 May 2018, 279 (2.68 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) This coin confirms this author’s reattribution of Wage 363 to Year 226 and provides a full reading of the legends, including the letters ΔЄ to the right of the bust.

Supplement to the Catalogue 167A. Year 226 Caesarean Era = A.D. 177/178 Æ 13 (dichalkon) Obv. ANTIOX... Diademed and draped bust of Artemis r. with quiver over far shoulder. Rev. Є[TOVC] KC Winged caduceus. MC (2.47 g; 12h); Mionnet, p. 166, no. 170 corr. (Ex. Rare) In footnote 139, p. 104, the author noted that a coin of this date with reverse caduceus was listed in Mionnet, but was not listed in this catalogue because the only authority was Sestini and the coin had not been confirmed. However, this coin confirms the existence of the type, which is misdescribed in Mionnet as having a laureate head of Apollo. Although Apollo was usually depicted on the obverse of the dichalkon, there is no doubt that this coin depicts Artemis and not Apollo. Compare nos. 158 and 162A, which have a similar bust of Artemis as a reverse type. 172A. Æ 17 (1/12 nummus) Same as no. 172, but obv. legend GENIO ANTIOCHENI, and є in rev. field. MC = CGM Monnaies 43, 29 April 2010, 977 (1.63 g; 11h). (Ex. Rare) This coin, which was also listed and pictured in Supplement No. 1, was struck from the same dies used for no. 173 (which has no legends), but with legends added to the dies. A plausible chronological sequence would be no. 173 as the initial issue, after which the legends were aded to the dies and no. 172A was struck, following which it was replaced with no. 172, struck from a new set of dies of similar design but with the more generic obverse legend GENIO CIVITATIS. All three types are quite rare and may be patterns which preceded the common type with obverse Tyche of Antioch seated and reverse Apollo standing (no. 170). 173. Æ 17 (1/12 nummus) Same as no. 172, but anepigraphic (no legends). MC (1.49 g; 11h). (V. Rare) A better photograph is included here in order to facilitate comparison with no. 172A, which was struck from the same dies with legends added. 179. AR tetradrachm Elsen 129, 11 June 2016, 284 (14.67 g). (Ex. Rare) The second known example of this variety, and far better preserved than the Prieur coin. 179A. AR tetradrachm MC (13.74 g; 1h). (Ex. Rare) Same as no. 179, but it has the letters K E Δ (without periods) instead of N K E Δ (with periods) in the rev. field, and the portion of the rev. legend to the left of Zeus is in a vertical line rather than in a curved line following the border.

Supplement to the Catalogue

146(d)

Supplement No. 2

167-2

167A 147(c)

172A 149(e)

173-2 160(b)

179-2 164A-1

164A-2

179A

Supplement No. 2

206. Æ 27 (as) (variety uncertain) Den of Antiquity, eBay Item No. 151172347716, Dec. 2013 (14.67 g). This coin has a previously unpublished countermark: a race torch(?) in a circular incuse. Compare Howgego, GIC 502, also described as a lighted race torch or flame, but which is quite different. Examples are shown in this supplement; see nos. 320(a) and 384(b). (b) Gitbud & Naumann, eBay Item No. 361207243001, Feb. 2015 (17.1 g). This coin has a previously unpublished countermark: a branch(?) in a circular incuse. Compare Howgego, GIC 377 - 385, other branch countermarks but all different from this one. 206(b).var. Æ 27 (as) Leu Numismatik Web Auction 6, 9 Dec. 2018, 675 (13.15 g; 7h). On this coin the letters S.C are upside-down relative to the wreath. 206A. Æ 28 (as) (a) Dot to r. of SC. Rauch 18 Sept. 2013, 491 (17.30 g). This is clearly a lifetime issue of Augustus, and its style dates it to c. 5 B.C. - A.D. 1 (see no. 206(b), this catalogue). The use of a dot in the space adjacent to the S.C as a control mark commences with the posthumous issues of Augustus, struck c. A.D. 14 - 37 (see nos. 207 and 208, this catalogue), and is not normally seen on the lifetime issues of Augustus. But this coin has a dot to the right of S.C, and may represent an early use of the same system of control marks. 207. Æ 27 (as) (variety uncertain) Den of Antiquity, eBay Item No. 360805929099, Dec. 2013 (11.69 g). This posthumous as of Augustus has two countermarks: Howgego, GIC 506 (previously reported only on coins of Tiberius), and a previously unpublished countermark in a rectangular incuse. It is not clear whether the countermark represents an object or a monogram composed of Greek letters. If it is viewed upside down in relation to the emperor’s head, it resembles the letter pi with a cross-bar and a lambda below it. 209B. Æ 21 (semis) Obv. [AV]G[VS]T. [TR. P]O[T.]? Laur. head of Zeus r. Below chin, monogram(?) of A below T. Rev. S.C within circle, laurel wreath around; border of dots. Dot above SC. MC (7.19 g; 12h). This extraordinary coin is the only known example of an S.C coin with a portrait of someone other than the emperor or a member of his family. The reverse type (with a circle around the S.C) shows that it was struck during the JulioClaudian period, and the style of the reverse most closely resembles that of the posthumous asses of Augustus, which were struck during the reign of Tiberius. See nos. 208(a) and 208(b), in particular. Until the discovery of this coin there were no known semisses corresponding to the posthumous asses of Augustus. This coin appears to fill that gap; its weight and module are consistent with the known S.C semisses struck after the weight standard of the bronze coins was reduced at the beginning of the

Supplement to the Catalogue reign of Tiberius. The monogram(?) on the obverse might refer to the first regnal year of Tiberius, or it could be a vertical version of the horizontal monogram of Antioch which appeared on coins struck during the reign of Augustus (see nos. 95, 95A, and 180 - 189). 211. AR tetradrachm Numismatica Ars Classica 64, 17 May 2012, 1082 (14.95 g); Numismatica Ars Classica 72, 16-17 May 2013 (14.14 g); Pecunem 29, 2 March 2015, 478 (15.14 g); CNG eAuction 346, 11 March 2015, 260 (15.16 g; 12h). (V. Rare) The first two coins are shown here. The NAC 64 example is the finest known example of this rare variety; the NAC 72 example differs stylistically from the other published examples. The CNG coin is from the same dies as the NAC 72 coin. 217. Æ 28 (as) (a) Dot above. MC (15.03 g; 12h). This example has two countermarks: NE|B (Nero Year 2) and ΓA|B (Gaius Year 2). The Nero countermark is not listed in Howgego, GIC, but is listed in Appendix 1 to this book for coins of Augustus and Claudius; this is the first reported example on a coin of Tiberius. The Gaius countermark is Howgego, GIC 521 (one example listed, also on a coin of Tiberius). (c) Dot to l. Den of Antiquity, eBay No. 360853442906, Feb. 2014 (13.74 g). This example has a lituus countermark, a variety which is not listed in Howgego, GIC, but which is listed in Appendix 1 for a coin of Augustus. Another example of the same countermark appears on a Commagene dupondius of Tiberius in the author’s collection. (e) No dot. Saville Numismatics 45, 9 Dec. 2018, 187 (14.92 g). This coin has an unpublished countermark: a head of Zeus-Ammon in a circular punch. 226A. Regnal Year 3 = A.D. 38/39 Same as no. 221, but ET Γ, and dot below ET. CNG eAuction 351, 20 May 2015, 574 (15.11 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) 227. AR tetradrachm Numismatica Ars Classica 64, 17 May 2012, 1104 (15.25 g). (V. Rare) An exceptional example of this rare variety, among the finest known. The obverse has a fillet border, a detail omitted from the description in the catalogue. 250. Æ 24 (as) (e) Dot to l. of S.C. Numismatik Lanz, eBay Item No. 231077147462, Oct. 2013 (14.13 g). This coin confirms the variety, which was listed as uncertain in the catalogue because the legend on the example cited was unclear. 264A. AR tetradrachm CNG, Triton XIV, 4 Jan. 2011, 660 (14.72; 12h). (V. Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue.

Supplement to the Catalogue

206

Supplement No. 2

211-3

217(a) 206(b)-1

217(c)

206(b)-2

217(e)

206A

226A

207

209B

211-2

227-2

250(e)

264A

Supplement No. 2

275A. Regnal Year and Year 105 Caesarean Era = A.D. 56/57 AR didrachm Same as no. 275 but rev. legend Γ above EP in left field. CNG 91, 19 Sept. 2012, 603 (6.70 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) 277. c. A.D. 56/57 AR drachm Gorny & Mosch 203, 5-6 March 2012, 284 (3.45 g). (Ex. Rare) A photograph of a better example is added, which confirms the portion of the legend which was inferred but illegible on the only previously published example (RPC 4172, in the BM). 281A. A.D. 51-54 Æ 25 (as) Obv. NERO GERMAN[ICVS CAESAR], from lower l. Laur. head of young Nero r. Rev. ΕΠΙ ΚΟΔPATOY ANTIOXEѠN in four lines within circle, laurel wreath around. RPC---; Numismatica Ars Classica 64, 17 May 2012, 2504 = Numismatica Ars Classica Q, 5-6 April 2006, 1690 (15.82 g). (Ex. Rare) This is a previously unpublished variety with the same obverse legend as no. 281, without “IMP.” or “AVG.” The lack of those titles indicates that nos. 281 and 281A were struck under Claudius during the years A.D. 50 to 54. The reverse is similar to that of no. 284, but varies in several respects: the name of the legate Quadratus is rendered ΚΟΔPATOY instead of ΚΟYAΔPATOY, the form of omega in the city’s name is Ѡ instead of Ω, and there is no date. Since Quadratus served as legate of Syria from A.D. 51 to 60, this coin was probably struck during A.D. 51-54, in which case we should expect to see a similar type for Claudius, although none has been published or seen to date. 305A. AR tetradrachm Obv. ΓAΛBAC KAI[CAP AYTOKPATΩP CEBAC]TOC Bare head of Galba r.; no star in field. Rev. [ETOYC] NEOY IEP[OY A?] Eagle stg. on thunderbolt, head l.; to l., palm branch. MC = Roma Numismatics E-Sale 40, 30 Oct. 2017, 334 (14.47 g; 1h). (Ex. Rare) The head of Galba on this coin is definitely bare, not laureate, and in this respect it differs from all other known examples of the Galba tetradrachms with eagle on thunderbolt. 313. Æ 20 (semis) (c) Dot above on circle. MNS, VCoins, March 2012 (5.08 g; 12h); Roma Numismatics & D.F. Grotjohann E-Sale 3, 30 Nov. 2013, 333 (5.55 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) Both examples are struck from the same pair of dies.

Supplement to the Catalogue 320. Æ 30 (as) (a) Dot above. Service Coins, eBay Item No.263969936740, Oct. 2018 (13.25 g). Countermark (on obv.): “lighted race torch” in circular incuse. The countermark is GIC 502, listed by Howgego on coins of Tiberius and Galba. Also see no. 384(b) below, with the same countermark. (c) No dot. Praefectus Coins, VCoins, Feb. 2013 (14.6 g). (Scarce) This example illustrates the variety with a dot to the left of Otho’s head. The obverse die is the same one used to strike no. 319, with the “name and wreath” reverse. 365A. Year 125 Caesarean Era = A.D. 76/77 Æ 25 (as) Obv. IMP. CAESAR VE[SPASIAN. AVG.] Laur. head of Vespasian r. Rev. EΠI TPAIANOY ANTIOXEΩN ET EKP in four lines within laurel wreath. MC = Numismatik Lanz, eBay Item No. 232605626180, Dec. 2017 (17.30 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) This is the second known example of a coin of Vespasian with a “name and wreath” reverse. The other coin (no. 365) has a head of Vespasian left, while this coin has a head of Vespasian right. 367A. COS V = A.D. 74 Æ 22 (bevelled flan) (semis) Obv. IMP. CAES. VESP. AVG. P.M. COS. V Laur. head of Vespasian r. Rev. S.C within laurel wreath. RPC 2 —-; MC = Savoca Coins London, 7th Blue Auction, 16-17 Nov. 2019, 527 (6.49 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) This is the first known example of a semis of the dated S.C coins of Vespasian (see nos. 366 and 367 for asses). 369B. COS. III (of Titus) = A.D. 7438 Æ 26 (orichalcum dupondius) Obv. IMP. CAESAR VESPASIAN. AVG. Laur. head of Vespasian l. Rev. TR. POT. COS. III CENSOR Winged caduceus between crossed cornucopiae. ANS = RIC 22 760 = RPC Cons. Supp. S3II-1983A. (Ex. Rare) 375A. Æ 20 (orichalcum semis) MC (3.33 g; 12h); Roma Numismatics E-Sale 31, 26 Nov. 2016, 225 (18mm; 3.68 g; 7h). Since the initial publication of this type in in this catalogue, these two additional examples have appeared on the market. Both vary from the one listed in the catalogue in that the reverse legend ends in CENS. rather than CEN. A fourth coin, at the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge, is listed at RIC 22 1508 and varies slightly from these three coins: on the Cambridge coin the SC is low in the reverse field rather than being in the exergue. 384. Æ 30 (as) (b) Dot to l. MC (15.46 g). Countermark (on obv.): “lighted race torch” in circular incuse. The countermark is GIC 502, listed by Howgego on coins of Tiberius and Galba. This coin shows that the countermark was applied during the reign of Vespasian (during which this coin was struck) or later. Also see no. 320(a) above, with the same countermark.

This is a hybrid with an obverse of Vespasian and a reverse of Titus. The “COS. III” refers to Titus, not Vespasian, and is therefore dated to A.D. 74. See no. 389 for a similar hybrid with an obverse of Titus and a reverse of Vespasian. 38

Supplement to the Catalogue

Supplement No. 2

275A 320(c)

277-2

365A

281A 367A

305A

375A-3

313(c) 384(b)

320(a)

Supplement No. 2

389. COS. V (of Vespasian) = A.D. 74 Æ 27 (orichalcum dupondius) Obv. T. CAESAR IMP. PONT. Laur. head of Titus r. Rev. PON. MAX. TR. POT. P.P. COS. V CENS. Winged caduceus between crossed cornucopiae. RIC 22 763; MC = Morton & Eden 83-84, 1-2 Dec. 2016, 425 (12.41 g; 6h). (Ex. Rare) A photograph is added of this rare hybrid, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue. This is the second known example; the first is in the BN. Both coins are struck from the same obverse die, but from different reverse dies. This is somewhat surprising, because it means that two different reverse dies of Vespasian’s coinage were used in error with the obverse die of Titus. 389A. COS. VIII (of Titus) = A.D. 80-81 Æ 28 (orichalcum dupondius) Obv. IMP. T. CAES. VESPASIAN. AVG. COS. VIII Rad. head of Titus r. Rev. PON. MAX. TR. POT. P.P. COS. V CENS. Winged caduceus between crossed cornucopiae. RIC 22 --; Ancient Imports, VCoins, May 2011 (11.5 g). (Ex. Rare) A photograph is added of this rare hybrid, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue. 393. Æ 17 (orichalcum semis) Obv. T. CAES. IMP. Laur. head of Titus r. Rev. PON. TR. POT. Winged caduceus. RIC 22 1575; CNG 90, May 2012, 1502 (2.94 g; 6h). (V. Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue. 402A. Æ 25 (as) Obv. DOMITIANVS CAESAR retrograde, counterclockwise from lower right. Laur. head of Domitian r. Rev. S.C within laurel wreath. Savoca Coins, eBay Item No. 262337972336 (March 2016) (15.67 g) (Ex. Rare). The obverse die used to strike this coin was executed as a mirror image of the usual design, with head right instead of left and the legend retrograde. Compare no. 404, this catalogue, a semis of the same issue with head right and retrograde legend. 405. Æ 21 (semis) (a) No dot (listed in catalogue as no. 405) (Rare) (b) Dot to l. Athena Numismatics, VCoins Dec. 2015 (7.37 g; 12h) (Ex. Rare) 407. Æ 26 (as) (c) Γ Courtesy of Brett Telford (13.51 g; 12h); SM Collectibles, eBay Item No.272095513892 (Jan. 2016). (Ex. Rare) Two examples have appeared of this previously unrecorded variety. (e) Є Naville Numismatics 36, 3 Dec. 2017, 269 (12.87 g); MC = Numismatik Lanz, eBay Item No. 372217207393 (Feb. 2018; 12.80 g; 12h) (V. Rare) On both examples there is a dot above the S.C as well as the letter Є below. A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue.

Supplement to the Catalogue 409. Æ 27 (as) Savoca Coins, eBay Item No. 252204669578 (Dec. 2015) (15.42 g). This coin has an unpublished countermark: a group of five circles with a solid circle or pellet within each one. 410. Æ 28 (as) (b) B Munzen & Medaillen 39, 27 Nov. 2013, 174 (15.55 g). (V. Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue. 411. Æ 22 (semis) (a) Dot above Savoca Coins, 30th Silver Auction, 27 Jan. 2019 (7.84 g). (Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue. 414. Æ 26 (orichalcum dupondius) Bassem Daou, eBay Item No. 141295769316 (June 2014). This coin has an unpublished countermark: a group of 12(?) solid circles or pellets within an incuse square. The only other countermarks known to the author which appear on the Flavian orichalcum dupondii struck for Syria are legionary countermarks. (See Supp. No. 1, Supp. to Appendix I.) 415. AE 23 (orichalcum as) CNG eAuction 419, 25 April 2018, 419 (6.98 g; 6h). This coin has a countermark of Athena standing, Howgego GIC 245. This countermark is very commonly found on the S.C bronze coins of Domitian and other emperors, but this is the first example of a Flavian orichalcum as with this countermark (or any countermark) encountered by the author. Since the same countermark normally appears on the larger denomination of the S.C bronze coins (e.g., no. 406(d), this catalogue), this coin tends to confirm the author’s interpretation of the larger S.C bronze coin as the same denomination as this orichalcum coin — an as — just as the presence of the laurel-branch countermark on the corresponding coins of Trajan tends to confirm that they are the same denomination. See discussion at pages 47-48 and Fig. 10. 429. AR tetradrachm MC = Naville 19, 13 Dec. 2015, 319 (14.55 g; 6h). (V. Rare) This variety, with obv. head of Trajan with aegis and rev. eagle with wreath in beak standing on thunderbolt, was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue. This example was struck from the same obverse die used to strike an orichalcum dupondius (no. 498A) and a tetradrachm with the reverse type eagle with wreath in beak standing on palm branch (no. 434/1), and was almost certainly struck at the mint of Rome. See discussion at pp. 188-189 of the catalogue. 456A. AR tetradrachm Same as no. 456, but rev. legend CЄB. TЄP. (sic) ΔKI. (sic) ΔHM. ЄΞ. VΠ. Є; in ex., LIB. Triton XVIII, 6-7 Jan. 2015, 902 (15.06 g; 6h). (Ex. Rare)

Supplement to the Catalogue

389

389A

393

Supplement No. 2

409

410(b)

411(a)

402A

414-2

405(b)

415-3

407(c)

429

407(e)

456A

Supplement No. 2

457. AR tetradrachm Athena Numismatics, VCoins (14.74 g; 6h). (Ex. Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue. 487. Æ 27 (as) (a) A MC (12.62 g). Countermark (on rev.): thunderbolt in rectangular incuse. The countermark is GIC 472, which Howgego stated is “almost certain to be a countermark of XII Fulminata”. It was known to appear on Antioch SC coins of Augustus(?) and Claudius, but this coin demonstrates that the countermark was applied during or after the reign of Trajan. 488. Æ 22 (semis) (o) ΓI RPC 3 —-; MC = Zeus Numismatics Budget Auction 6, 258 (7.77 g). (Ex. Rare) 489. Æ 28 (as) (b) B RPC 3 —-; MC (13.50 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) Varieties with the numeral-letters B and Γ were listed in the catalogue as placeholders but no examples were known at that time. Two examples with Γ were published in Supplement No. 1. This coin completes the sequence of numeral-letters from A to Є for no. 489. (c) Γ RPC 3 —-; MC (13.30 g; 12h). (V. Rare) This is the third and best example of this variety known to the author. 492. Æ 29 (as) (b) AΓ Münz Zentrum 175, 13-14 Jan. 2016 (14.51 g). (Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue. 493. Æ 22 (semis) Numeral-letter: (c) ЄK. MC (7.26 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare). This confirms the listing in the catalogue based on Butcher 229b, and confirms the bust variety (laur. head of Trajan r., slight drapery at neck). 494. Æ 27 (as) Numeral-letter: (f) Δ. RPC 3, 3634 = Amsterdam S 2961 (16.30 g). (Ex. Rare) 495. Æ 23 (semis) Numeral-letter: (a) Δ BN. (Ex. Rare) (b) A Triton XII, 6-7 Jan. 2009, 1250 (5.07 g). (Ex. Rare) (c) BΔ MC (5.98 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) The semisses from the last issue of Trajan’s Antiochene aes are quite rare. Variety (a) is the same coin listed in the catalogue as no. 495, when only one variety was known. Variety (b) was listed in Supplement No. 1 and is listed again here. Variety (c) is a newly discovered coin which raises a question about the numeral-letter on variety (a). The two coins are very similar; both are struck from the same obverse die and even have adjustment marks on the flan in the same position on the obverse. Although they are not struck from the same reverse die, the Δ on variety (a) is in the same position as the Δ in BΔ on variety (c), which suggests that variety (a) may also be a coin with BΔ, but on which the B is illegible (presumably because of a filled die, since the coin is well preserved). The coin

Supplement to the Catalogue with Δ is the only example known to the author of an aes coin of Antioch struck during A.D. 116-117 on which Δ appears alone; on all the other examples Δ appears as part of the combination BΔ. See nos. 492(e), 496(d), and now 495(c). Butcher 216(a) lists an as with Δ based on a coin seen in trade in 1987, but this has not been confirmed; it also could have been a coin with a partially legible BΔ. 496. Æ 27 (as) Numeral-letter: (e) ΓA. Savoca Coins, 27th Silver Auction, 25 Nov. 2018, 452 (13.44 g). (Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue. 497. Æ 27 (as) (c) Θ This variety was listed in the catalogue based solely on Dieudonné 1927, p. 169. Since Θ is otherwise unknown on the aes coins of A.D. 116117, this is almost certainly a misreading of variety (b), on which Є appears as C. (g) BI. RPC 3 —-, MC = Zeus Numismatics Auction 4, 9 Feb. 2020, 560 (14.11g; 6h). (Ex. Rare) 502. Æ 17 (orichalcum semis) RPC 3, 3657 corrects the obverse legend described in the catalogue. It is ΑΥΤΟΚΡ. ΚΑΙС. ΝЄΡ. ΤΡΑΙΑΝΟС СЄΒ. ΓЄΡΜ. 503A. Æ 14 (orichalcum quadrans) Same as no. 503, but the obverse legend is ΑΥΤΟΚΡ. ΚΑΙС. ΝЄΡ. ΤΡΑΙΑΝΟС СЄΒ. ΓЄΡΜ. RPC 3, 3659 (Rare). An example of this variety from the author’s collection is illustrated as no. 503/3 in the catalogue, but the author did not observe that the legend varies from that of no. 503. 515A. Æ 23 (orichalcum as) Obv. IMP. CAES. NER. TRAIANO OPTIMO AVG. GER. DAC PARTHICO Radiate, cuirassed bust of Trajan, with paludamentum, seen from rear. Rev. S.C within laurel wreath (no reverse legend). RPC 3, 3662 (9.36). (Ex. Rare) This type is listed by RPC without a photograph, and the coin may be a misdescribed example of no. 515, omitting the reverse legend. Cf. BMCRE, p. 231, n. †, an unconfirmed coin reportedly in Naples which is described by the author in this book at p. 214, fn. 374. 518. Æ 19 (orichalcum semis) Same as no. 515, but chest and r. shoulder bare, facing. Numismatik Lanz, eBay Item No. 300882263381, April 2013 (4.60 g). (V. Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue.

Supplement to the Catalogue

457

Supplement No. 2

493(c)

495(c) 487(a)

488(o)

489(b)

489(c)

492(b)

496(e)

497(g)

518

Supplement No. 2

523B. Æ 20 (orichalcum semis) Same as no. 523, but rad. head r. with no drapery. MC = Roma Numismatics E-LIVE 1, 25 July 2018, 396 (2.59 g; 6h). (Ex. Rare) The orichalcum coins with DAC. PARTHICO at the end of the obverse legend probably preceded the more common types with DAC. PARTHICO at the beginning of the reverse legend; it seems likely that the former obverse legend was impractically overcrowded and resulted in a redesign in the obverse and reverse legends were rebalanced. This variety, with a head of Trajan with no drapery, may have been among the earliest coins struck in this series. 528B. Æ 13 (orichalcum half-quadrans/chalkous) Same as no. 525, but aegis on l. shoulder, and chest and r. shoulder bare, facing. RPC 3, 3680; MC (1.60 g; 6h). (Ex. Rare). 547A. Æ 19 (orichalcum semis) Same as no. 546, but no SC in reverse field. Leu Numismatik, Web Auction 6, 9 Dec. 2018, 954 (4.34 g; 6h). (Ex. Rare) 548. Æ 24 (orichalcum as) Athena Numismatics, VCoins, Dec. 2015 (6.76 g; 6h). A photograph of a better example is added. 553. Æ 28 (as) (f) Є MC (13.65 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) (g) Z (backwards) Savoca Coins, eBay Item No. 253715266027, June 2018 (15.38 g). (Ex. Rare) With the additional varieties listed in Supplement No. 1, coins with a bare head of Antoninus Pius are now known with numeral-letters A, Γ, Δ, Є, , Z, H, and Θ. It seems likely that this variety was struck with each of the ten numeralletters A through I. 556. Æ 24 (as) (h) H eBay, July 2014. This variety with numeral-letter H fills the only gap between A (one) and I (ten). 556B. Æ 24 (as) Same as no. 555, but star above S.C. Numeral-letter: B. Ancientground, eBay Item No. 202281824996, April 2018 (8.59 g). (Ex. Rare) This coin is the counterpart of no. 584(b), which has the same rev. type but with obv. head of young Marcus Aurelius l. 557A. Æ 24 (as) Same as no. 555, but laur. head of Antoninus Pius l. Numeral-letter: A MC (12.97 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) 557B. Æ 25 (as) Same as no. 555, but laur. bust of Antoninus Pius l., seen from front, aegis or drapery on r. shoulder. Numeral-letter: B MC (11.63 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare)

Supplement to the Catalogue 558. Æ 24 (as) (a) Γ MC This coin (shown at p. 231 of the catalogue) was described as having a rad. bust r., dr. and cuir., but it appears to have a rad. head r. The corrected description appears below as no. 558A(b). 558A. Æ 24 (as) Same as no. 555, but rad. head of Antoninus Pius r. Numeral-letter: (a) A MC (8.91 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) (b) Γ MC (8.39 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) (c) MC (9.77 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) (This coin was published in Supplement No. 1 as no. 558A.) 559. Æ 17 (semis) (d) Γ MC (3.65 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) While somewhat lighter and smaller than most of the semisses of Antoninus Pius, this is clearly the same denomination. The numeral-letter is indistinct but appears to be Γ. 561. Æ 23 (orichalcum as) (j) I Agora Auctions 84, 9 April 2019, 151 (7.03 g; 1h). (Ex. Rare) 563.corr. Æ 19 (orichalcum semis) Obv. AVT. KAI. TI. AIΛ. AΔPI. ANTΩNЄINOC (or ANTѠNЄINOC) CЄB. ЄVC. Laureate head of Antoninus Pius r., usually with slight drapery at neck, star to r. Rev. S.C, eagle and star below, numeral-letter above, all within laurelwreath. Numeral-letter: (b) B MC (3.67 g; 12h). This coin provides a corrected reading for the legend (which is usually only partially legible on this issue), showing that it sometimes ends in ЄVC. It also provides circumstantial evidence that the numeral-letter on the S.C coins is not a sequence-mark, because this coin is struck from the same obverse die as no. 563(i) illustrated in the catalogue, which has the numeral-letter Θ (nine). It is unlikely that the same obverse die would have been used on coins with the numeral-letters B (two) and Θ (nine) if the numeralletters represent a chronological sequence. 563A. Æ 17 (orichalcum semis) Same as no. 563, but no eagle or star on reverse. Numeral-letter: Δ. MC (2.92 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) This appears to be an orichalcum semis similar to nos. 563 - 566, but it lacks the usual eagle and star on the reverse. 565. Æ 19 (orichalcum semis) (i) Θ Zurqieh, eBay Item No. 291148588281, May 2014; Numismatik Lanz, eBay Item No. 232868647605, Aug. 2018 (3.31 g; 6h) (Ex. Rare) This variety with numeral-letter Θ fills the only gap between A (one) and I (ten). 566A. Æ 18 (orichalcum semis) Same as no. 563, but rad. head of Antoninus Pius l., with slight drapery at neck; numeral-letter below instead of above S.C; no eagle or star. Numeral-letter: H. MC (3.39 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) This appears to be an orichalcum semis similar to nos. 563 - 566, but it lacks the usual eagle and star on the reverse, and has the numeral-letter below instead of above S.C (as on the bronze issues).

Supplement to the Catalogue

523B

Supplement No. 2

557A

528B

557B 547A

558A(a)

548-2 559(d)

553(f)

561(j)

563(b) 553(g)

563A

556(h) 565(i)

556B

566A

112

Supplement No. 2

575. AR tetradrachm CNG 96, 14 May 2014, 654 (10.51 g; 6h) The photograph in the catalogue shows a plaster cast of one of the ANS coins, and is supplemented by this example (from the same dies). 578. AR tetradrachm Colosseum Coin Exchange, 11 May 2010 (V. Rare) The photograph in the catalogue shows a metal cast, and is supplemented by this fine example. Another example appeared at CNG 97, 486, where the cataloguer noted: “McAlee’s number [578] references the genuine Hess-Leu example, which is also cited by Prieur. McAlee’s illustration, however, is a cast of the genuine Hess-Leu coin. The cast appeared in the Nicholas V. Jamogochian Collection (Peus 340, 2 November 1994), lot 968. Peus erroneously pedigreed that coin to Münzen und Medaillen AG FPL 250 (December 1964-January 1965), no. 91. Enough subtle differences exist between the M&M and Peus specimens to conclude that they are both casts of the genuine Hess-Leu coin, but are not the same specimen.” 578A. AR tetradrachm Same as no. 578, but eagle with head l. and wreath in beak, to l., palm branch, to r., ram’s head r., and star between eagle’s legs. CNG 93, 22 May 2013, 967 (12.87 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) This coin was struck from the same obverse die used for nos. 576 - 577, and from the same reverse die used for no. 580. 580B. AR tetradrachm Same as no. 578, but eagle stg. on thunderbolt, head r., wreath in beak; to l., star above ram’s head l. CNG 99, 13 May 2015, 470 (13.41 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) This coin was struck from the same obverse die used for nos. 579 - 580A. At page 255 of this book the author stated: “Only the leg and thigh symbol appears on the tetradrachms of Marcus Aurelius, and it is not apparent why some of Commodus’s tetradrachms used a second symbol [a thunderbolt - see no. 632] as well.” This newly discovered coin demonstrates that the thunderbolt symbol was used not only on some tetradrachms of Commodus, but also on some of Marcus Aurelius. 582. Æ 23 (as) (c) H Bassem Daou, eBay Item No. 140700481102, Feb. 2012. (Ex. Rare) This variety with numeral-letter H (eight) fills the gap between Z (seven) and Θ (nine). 586. Æ 23 (as) (e) Γ eBay Item No. 171345496003, May 2014. (Ex. Rare) 588. Æ 22 (as) (a) Γ Leu 7, 23 Feb. 2019, 917 (8.02 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue. 589. Æ 22 (as) (a) Z (backwards) MC (7.6 g) (no. 589, this catalogue). (Ex. Rare) (b) Γ MNS, VCoins, Feb. 2016 (7.75 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare)

Supplement to the Catalogue 591. Æ 22 (as) (c)var. Z above and Z below MC (10.10 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) (f) B Savoca Coins, eBay Item No. 264402659814, July 2019 (10.97 g). (Ex. Rare) 592. Æ 18 (semis) (semis) (g) ΔI Savoca Coins, eBay Item No. 253137910376, Sept. 2017 (5.26 g). (Ex. Rare) (h) Γ MC (4.87 g; 6h). 592B. Æ 18 (semis) Same as no. 592, but radiate head r. Numeral-letter: I. MC = Triskeles 21, 29 Sept. 2017, 302 (misattributed to Lucius Verus) (4.99 g; 6h) (Ex. Rare) This is the first example encountered by the author of a semis of Marcus Aurelius with a radiate head, which is somewhat surprising given that there are several known varieties of semisses of Lucius Verus with a radiate head (nos. 610 and 610A). On this coin the name ANTΩNINOC is clearly legible. 593. Æ 19 (as of reduced module) In the catalogue the obverse legend was listed as AVTOKPA... CЄB. because a complete legend could not be read on any of the known specimens. Several additional examples have since become available, so the complete obverse legend can now be reconstructed: AYTOKPA. ANTѠNINOC CЄB. The form of omega differs from the earlier issues: Ѡ instead of Ω. (c) Γ — (d) Δ MC = Savoca Coins 22nd Blue Auction, 27-28 July 2019, 1095 (4.21 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) 593A. Æ 19 (as of reduced module) Same as no. 593 but with crescent above S.C. MC = Savoca Coins, 27th Blue Auction, 29 Dec. 2019, 1074 (5.49 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare). See no. 643C, this supplement, for a similar coin of Commodus with a crescent. 594. Æ 19 (as of reduced module) (a) A MC (4.73 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) The variety with numeral-letter A was not listed in the main catalogue, but was listed in Appendix 4 (Addenda). This example has ANTѠNINOC clearly legible (see no. 593 above). 595. Æ 16 (semis of reduced module) (d) A or Δ , and obv. legend ... ΩNINOC CЄB. MC (15mm; 3.63 g; 6h). (Ex. Rare) The portrait style and lettering are quite different from no. 595(a). (e) Є Savoca Coins, eBay Item No. 252716641512, Jan. 2017 (16mm; 3.96 g). 595B. Æ 15 (semis) This coin was published in Appendix 4 to the catalogue (p. 406) and attributed there to Marcus Aurelius. However, a second example from the same dies shows the letter O at the beginning of the legend, and the coin has been reattributed to Lucius Verus. See no. 611D below. 596. Æ 23 (as) (e) Θ Numismatik Lanz, eBay Item No. 232599335065, Dec. 2017 (6.16 g).

Supplement to the Catalogue

575-2

Supplement No. 2

591(f)

592(g) 578-2 592(h)

578A

592B

593(d) 580B

593A 582(h) 594(a)

586(e)

588(a)

591(c)

595(d)

595(e)

596(e)

Supplement No. 2

598. Æ 23 (as) (k) ΔI Numismatik Lanz, eBay Item No. 302519786282, Nov. 2017 (10.29 g). (Ex. Rare) (l) Є Numismatik Lanz, eBay Item No. 372542362270, Dec. 2018 (10.84 g). (Ex. Rare) 598C. Æ 24 (as) Same as no. 598, but laur. bust r., dr. and cur., seen from behind, and no K and A to sides of S.C. Numeral-letter: . CNG eAuction 401, 12 July 2017, 310 (11.24 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) 603(a)var. Æ 23 (as) Wreath of ten elements. MC (9.67 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) 606. Æ 17 (semis) (c) Γ MC (4.07 g; 6h). Variety not previously recorded. The style suggests that this may be an unofficial issue. (Ex. Rare) (j) I Savoca Coins, eBay Item No. 263751306598, June 2018 (3.86 g). This example confirms this variety for Lucius Verus. (k) AI Savoca Coins, eBay, Dec. 201539 (5.77 g). (Ex. Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue. (n) ΞΞ (resembles two backwards Zs) MC (4.15 g; 6h). (Ex. Rare) This unusual numeral-letter also appears on asses of Marcus Aurelius (see this catalogue, nos. 597A(b) and 598(f)) and Lucius Verus (see Supplement 1, no. 613(h)), but this is the first known example on a semis. 606A. Æ 18 (semis) Obv. [CЄB?] AVPHΛ. K. OVH. KAI. IΠ. (sic) Laur. head of Lucius Verus r. Rev. S.C within laurel wreath. Numeral-letter: Γ. Numismatik Naumann 41, 6 March 2016, 614 (3.37 g); MC (3.09 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) Both coins are from the same pair of dies. 608. Æ 17 (semis) (b) Γ MC (3.83 g; 12h) (Ex. Rare) (c) Δ or A. MC (3.72 g; 6h). (Ex. Rare) Another example of variety (b) was listed in Supplement No. 1. 609. Æ 17 (semis) (c) Γ MC (3.39 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) Laur., cuir. bust seen from front. This coin shows the bust details (including pteryges at the shoulder) more clearly than any of the others with similar busts published to date. Compare no. 609 (this catalogue, described as “Laur., cuir.(?) bust seen from the front”) and no. 609(b) (Supp. No. 1, described as “draped (not cuirassed), seen from the front”), both struck from a different obverse die than this coin, and no. 609A (this catalogue, described as “laur.(?), dr. and cuir.(?) bust seen from the front”). It is likely that all of these coins have a bust of this type, i.e., laureate and cuirassed, seen from the front.

Supplement to the Catalogue 611B. Æ 18 (semis) Obv. L. VERVS A[RME]NIACVS, from lower l. Laur. head of Lucius Verus r. Rev. S.C within laurel wreath. Numeral-letter: A. Elsen 94, 15 Dec. 2007, 824 (1.97 g). (Ex. Rare) This coin has a Latin legend similar to that on no. 612; both are extraordinary because the coins of Antioch struck under Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus normally have Greek legends. 611C. Æ 16 (semis) Obv. ... [L. VE]RVS AVG., from lower l. Bare head of Lucius Verus r. Rev. SC backwards within laurel wreath. Savoca Coins, eBay Item No. 262846075334, Feb. 2017 (3.05 g). (Ex. Rare) The reverse of this coin is irregular, but the obverse is of good style. There are a number of irregular varieties for Lucius Verus, some with Latin legends, which perhaps were produced at a military mint during Verus’s stay in Syria during A.D. 162-166. 611D. Æ 16 (semis) Obv. OV[HPOC?] CAESAR, from lower l. Bare head of Lucius Verus r. Rev. S.C within laurel wreath. Numeral-letter: A. MC (2.91 g; 12h); MC (2.63 g; 6h). (Ex. Rare) These two coins were struck from the same pair of dies. The first coin has a clear O at the beginning of the obverse legend; CAESAR is visible but somewhat indistinct. The second coin (originally published as no. 595B in Appendix 4 to the catalogue and attributed there to Marcus Aurelius) has a partially legible V near the beginning of the obverse legend; CAESAR is clear. They are grouped with other irregular coins of Lucius Verus (nos. 611 - 611D and 612) which have both Greek and Latin legends. In this case the coins appear to have a bilingual legend. 613. Æ 22 (as) (i) B IS Wright Adelaide, eBay Item No. 390853039328, May 2014. (Ex. Rare) (j) ancientground, eBay Item No. 391965992011, Jan. 2018 (6.32 g). (Ex. Rare) (k) H Numismatik Lanz, eBay Item No. 232824815527, July 2018 (7.71 g). (Ex. Rare) 614A. Æ 23 (as) Obv. [AVT. K. Λ. AVP]HΛ. OVHPOC CЄB. Rad. bust of Lucius Verus r., cuirassed, seen from front. Rev. S.C, numeral-letter below, two stars above, all within laurel wreath. Numeral-letter: H. MC (8.51 g; 1h). (Ex. Rare) This is the first known example of an Antiochene coin of Lucius Verus or Marcus Aurelius with this bust type. For a semis with a laureate, cuirassed bust seen from front, see no. 609. 616. Æ 22 (as) (d) Є MNS, VCoins, Feb. 2012 (10.83 g; 1h). (Ex. Rare) 620B. Æ 18 (semis) Obv. AVT. KAIC. Λ. OV ... retrograde from lower r. Laur. head of Lucius Verus left. Rev. S.C, Δ below, linear circle around S.C and Δ, all within laurel wreath of eight elements. MC (3.87 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare)

Purchased by the author but lost in the mail.

Supplement to the Catalogue

Supplement No. 2

606(n) 611C

598(k)

606A-1 611D 598(l) 606A-2

613(i) 598C

608(b)

613(j)

603(a)

608(c)

614A 606(c)

609(c)

616(d)

606(j) 613(k)

606(k)

620B 611B

112

Supplement No. 2

Supplement to the Catalogue

622A. Æ 23 (as) Obv. AVT. K. Λ. AVPHΛ. OVHPOC CЄB. Laur. head of Lucius Verus r. Rev. OMONOIA CЄBACTΩN Lucius Verus and Marcus Aurelius stg., facing each each other with clasped hands; each holds a scroll. S to l. in field, C to r. in field; numeral-letter in exergue. (b) Z MC = Kairos Numismatik 6, 19 August 2018, 427 (attributed to “Uncertain Mint”) (11.17 g; 12h). This is the fourth known example of an Antioch coin with this reverse type; see nos. 602A and 622B, this catalogue. This coin confirms the portions of the legends which were inferred but unconfirmed for no. 622A at the time of the original publication. The numeral-letter Z in the exergue is partially visible, and the reverse appears to be struck from the same die as SNGHunter 2999 = Hunter 2, 558 no. 1, which has the numeral-letter Z.

643B. Æ 19 (as) Obv. [AVTOKP]A. Λ. AVPH. [KOMOΔO.] Laur. head of Commodus r. Rev. S.C, numeral-letter below, all within laurel wreath. Numeralletter: (a) A --- (b) B Holding History, eBay Item No. 382535441008, Aug. 2018 (5.38 g) (c) Γ Numismatik Lanz, eBay Item No.372128628769, Nov. 2017 (5.01 g); MC (5.20 g; 6h). (Ex. Rare). The portrait is clearly of Commodus, and the first part of the legend is consistent with Commodus, but is followed by AVPH[ΛIOC] instead of KOMOΔO. Commodus’ full name was Lucius Aurelius Commodus, and his name appears as L. AVREL. COMMODVS on Roman coins struck during the same years (A.D. 177-180) that his Antioch aes coins were produced (RIC 3, pp. 338-343). See also no. 643A, this catalogue.

627.corr. AR tetradrachm Obv. KOMMOΔΩ. KAI. CЄB. VIΩC. Bare head of Commodus l. Rev. ΓЄPMANIK. CAPMAT. VΠAT. A Eagle stg. on leg and thigh of animal, head l. Rauch 97, 14-16 April 2015, 356 (9.42 g). (V. Rare) This coin, from the same dies as the example illustrated in the catalogue, provides corrected readings of the obverse and reverse legends and demonstrates that the coin must have been struck during January - August of A.D. 177, because Commodus bears the title COS. I, but is not yet Augustus. He became consul for the first time on January 1, A.D. 177, and was named Augustus before the end of August, A.D. 177. BMCRE 4, p. cxi.

643C. Æ 19 (as) Obv. AVTOKPA. AVPH. KOMOΔON Laur. head of Commodus r. Rev. S.C, numeral-letter below, crescent above, all within laurel wreath. Numeralletter: (a) A MC = Kairos Numismatik 6, 19 August 2018, 554 (5.43 g; 11h). (Ex. Rare) This is the only known Antioch coin of Commodus with a crescent symbol, and it is also unusual in that the entire obverse legend is legible. For coins of Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius with a crescent, see nos. 556A and 585, this catalogue, and no. 593A, this supplement.

628A. AR tetradrachm Same as no. 628, but rev. legend ΓЄPMANI. CAPMATIK. Den of Antiquity, VCoins Feb. 2014 (13.11 g). (Ex. Rare) 630A. AR tetradrachm MC = CNG 102, 18 May 2016, 747 (12.72 g; 11h). This is the third known tetradrachm of Commodus as Augustus with reverse Tyche seated, and the second known example of this variety. Both the obverse die and the reverse die are different from those used to strike the example shown in the catalogue (from the Prieur Collection). 632A. AR tetradrachm Obv. AVT. KAIC. KOMOΔOC (sic) CЄB. Laur. bust of Commodus r., dr. Rev. ΓЄP. CAP. VΠAT. ΔHM. ЄΞ. Δ. YΠAT. B. Eagle stg. on thunderbolt, head r. Roma Numismatics 13, 23 March 2017, 512 (11.46g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) This is the second known tetradrachm of Commodus with the reverse type eagle on thunderbolt. Same obverse die as no. 635.

645. Æ 19 (as) (a) A Savoca Coins, eBay Item No. 262856000010, Feb. 2017 (4.11 g; 12h); Savoca Coins, eBay Item No. 263351371018, Dec. 2017 (5.54 g). (Ex. Rare) Two examples have appeared of this previously unrecorded variety. 647. Æ15 (semis) (d) Obv. AVR. COMO. Bare-headed bust of Commodus r., dr. and cuir., seen from behind. Rev. S.C, Δ below, all within laurel wreath. MC = Numismatik Naumann 80, 4 Aug. 2019, 473 (2.23 g; 11h). (Ex. Rare) Struck from the same obv. die as no. 647(d)/2 (which has the S in SC inverted). The fact that the obverse side for this coin was paired with at least two different reverse dies makes it more likely that this was an official issue, because in this author’s experience ancient forgeries almost invariably were struck from a single pair of dies. 648A. Æ15 (semis) Obv. A ... OΔO ... Bare-headed bust of Commodus r., dr. (and cuir. ?), seen from behind. Rev. S.C, Γ below, all within laurel wreath. MC = Romae Aeternae Numismatics, eBay Item No. 183001713407, Jan. 2018 (2.83 g; 5h). (Ex. Rare) This coin is similar to no. 648, but is less “irregular” in style and therefore more likely to be the product of the official mint.

Supplement to the Catalogue

Supplement No. 2

643B(c)-1 622A(b)

643B(c)-2 627-2

643C 628A

645(a) 630A-2

647(d) 632A

643(b)

648A

Supplement No. 2

656/3. AR tetradrachm MC = CNG 102, 18 May 2016, 748 (12.14 g; 12h). Of the dozen or so known examples of Antioch tetradrachms of Septimius Severus with reverse Tyche seated, most can be die-linked to tetradrachms with reverse eagle without wreath in beak, struck c. 202-204. (See, for example, no. 656/1 and no. 658/1, this catalogue.) This coin, however, shares an obverse die with a tetradrachm with reverse eagle with wreath in beak, struck c. 205-207 (no. 659(a), this catalogue). It was therefore struck at the same time as the similar type with a portrait of Caracalla dated COS. II (no. 665, this catalogue). 664/3. AR tetradrachm Emporium Hamburg 70, 14-15 Nov. 2013, 252 (12.44 g). (V. Rare) This coin provides a link between the first two tetradrachms of Caracalla illustrated in the catalogue. It is struck from the same obverse die as no. 662 (on which Caracalla bears the title COS.), and from the same reverse die as no. 664/1 (on which Caracalla bears the title COS. II DES.). This suggests that Caracalla’s COS. II DES. tetradrachms, which can be dated to A.D. 204, were struck soon after his COS. tetradrachms, which would imply that the COS. tetradrachms were also struck during A.D. 204, or not long before. (This author dated the COS. tetradrachms to A.D. 202-204, the period of Caracalla’s first consulship; Prieur dated them to A.D. 202-203 on the assumption that they were struck a year or more before the COS. II. DES. tetradrachms.) Since the earliest tetradrachms of Geta (nos. 710-715) can all be dated to A.D. 204, the production of tetradrachms at Antioch under Septimius Severus may have commenced in A.D. 204, somewhat later than the generally accepted date of A.D. 202 (see this catalogue, p. 262, and Prieur, p. 35). On the other hand, the portrait on this coin is noticeably younger than the one on no. 664/1, which suggests that the dies were engraved at different times. The obverse die might have been engraved as early as A.D. 202, used to strike a small number of coins in that year, and then reused in A.D. 204 to strike this coin.

Supplement to the Catalogue 675. AR tetradrachm (see catalogue for photograph and description) This variety, with palm branch in the field to the right of the eagle, was probably struck to commemorate the celebration of the Olympic Games at Antioch in the summer of 212. The reasons for dating the issue to 212 are noted in this catalogue at page 270, footnote 129. Downey states that Caracalla “not only restored to the city the Olympic Games, which his father had transferred to Issus, but did this with noteworthy promptness, so that they could be celebrated in the summer of A.D. 212, which was the first occasion during his reign (and the first occasion after his murder of Geta) on which these games (traditionally held in Julian leap years) could be celebrated.”40 Another variety with palm branch to the right of the eagle was struck c. 215 - 217 (this catalogue, no. 694), and was probably struck to commemorate the celebration of the Olympic Games at Antioch four years later in the summer of 216. 685B. AR tetradrachm Same as no. 685, but laur. cuir. bust r. seen from front. CNG eAuction 333, 20 Aug. 2014, 192 (14.96 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) This was misdescribed in the auction catalogue as McAlee 689, with eagle over star and crescent, but it is clearly eagle on large club, star between legs. 685C. AR tetradrachm Same as no. 685, but laur., dr. and cuir. bust r. seen from front. Naville Numismatics 53, 3 Nov. 2019, 605 (14.23 g). (Ex. Rare) 709. Æ 14 (semis) Same as no. 708, but laur. head r. Numismatik Lanz, eBay Item No. 232605626698, Dec. 2017 (3.48 g). (Ex. Rare) This type was published in the catalogue at p. 276 with a partial obverse legend based on Waage 597, and in Appendix 4 to the catalogue at p. 407 with a photograph and a complete obverse legend based on an additional example acquired by the author. The example published here is from the same obverse die as the coin in Appendix 4. The same die was also used to strike no. 708, with lines added around the head of Caracalla to make it a radiate head. 726A. Æ 20 (as) Same as no. 725, but rev. is mirror image (die reversed). Agora Auctions 22, 9 Dec. 2014, 56 (4.48 g; 6h). (Ex. Rare) 737. Æ 20 (as) gac-coins, eBay Item No. 142132363914, Oct. 2016 (4.46 g). (V. Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue. 738A. Æ 19 (as) Same as no. 738, but bust of Diadumenian is seen from behind. MC (4.82 g; 6h). (Ex. Rare)

Downey, pp. 244-245.

Supplement to the Catalogue

Supplement No. 2

709-2 656-3

726A 664-3

685B

685C

737

738A

Supplement No. 2

743. Æ 19 (as) MC (3.74 g; 6h). This better-preserved example shows that the reverse legend does not end with ANTΩNINOC, but has C. (for CЄBACTOC) at the end of it; the C. appears in the exergue. 745. Æ 21 (as) (b) Wreath fastened at top with garland. MC (5.24 g; 11h). (Rare) A photograph of a better example is added. 749. Æ 16 (as) (a) Wreath fastened at top with garland. See no. 749, this catalogue. (b) Wreath fastened at top with diamond. Savoca Coins, eBay Item No. 252628718432, Nov. 2016 (4.46 g). (Ex. Rare) 758/7. Billon tetradrachm This example has an eagle standing left (head left, tail right) instead of an eagle standing in the usual frontal position (head and tail left). The style of the eagle presages that of the Type 3 eagle which appears under Philip I. Prieur ---; Roma Numismatic E-Sale 15, 31 Jan. 2015, 366 (11.25 g; 6h). (Ex. Rare) 762/4. Billon tetradrachm Like no. 758/7, this coin has an eagle standing left (head left, tail right) instead of an eagle standing in the usual frontal position (head and tail left). Prieur ---; Triskeles 318, 15 Dec. 2015, 207 (14.68 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) 767B. Billon tetradrachm Obv. AVT. K. M. A. ANTWNЄINOC CЄB. Laur. cuir. bust, seen from front, trabea over left shoulder. Rev. ΔMAPX. ЄΞ. VΠATOC Eagle stg. on line, head r., wreath in beak, star to l. of eagle’s head, uncertain object between legs, three dots in exergue; no ΔЄ. Prieur 1740B; MC (11.81 g; 12h); MC (7.92 g; 6h). (V. Rare) The three coins cited are all struck from the same pair of dies, and the obverse die is shared with no. 767A, this catalogue. Prieur published an example in the BN with partial legends. Two additional examples in the author’s collection (and, for the obverse, no. 767A) allow the legends to be fully reconstructed. Prieur categorized it among the “Atypical Coins” and noted that it is “obviously not an official issue”. The two examples in the author’s collection appear to be struck from a very debased alloy, and the second one is considerably lighter than the official issues. The reverse type and legend resembles those of the tetradrachms with a crescent struck at Carrhae under Macrinus (Prieur nos. 833-838), but the obverse die was also used to strike what appears to be an official issue of Elagabalus (no. 767A, this catalogue). One possible explanation is that the obverse die, after being used at an official mint, fell into the hands of forgers who used it to strike these coins. The reverse die might also have been an official product of the Carrhae mint with a blundered crescent symbol, which perhaps caused the die to be discarded. For other tetradrachms of Elagabalus with a possible connection to Carrhae, see nos. 772A and 776A below.

Supplement to the Catalogue 772A. Billon tetradrachm Obv. AVT. K. M. A. ANTΩNЄINOC Rad. bust of Elagabalus r., dr. and cuir., seen from behind. Rev. ΔMAPX. ЄΞ. VΠATOC. TO. B Eagle stg. on line, head r., wreath in beak, dot to l. and dot to r. of head; between legs, Nike advancing r. holding palm branch and wreath (or globe?). CNG 100, 7 Oct. 2015, 1776 (12.71 g; 12h). This unique coin differs in several respects from all other known tetradrachms of Elagabalus: the use of Nike as a mint mark (or in lieu of a mint mark), the obverse bust type, and the form of omega in the emperor’s name (on all the other tetradrachms it is W). It is also highly unusual in omitting the letters ΔЄ, which normally appear aside the head of the eagle; these letters are also omitted on the rare tetradrachms of Elagabalus attributed to Edessa (Prieur 1724-1730) and on a few other atypical tetradrachms (this catalogue, nos. 760 and 776A). It was probably struck soon after the victory of Elagabalus’s forces over Macrinus, and the figure of Nike presumably commemorates this victory. The place where it was struck is uncertain. The CNG cataloguer attributed it to Carrhae or Edessa, based on similarities of style to the tetradrachms of Elagabalus attributed to Edessa as well as a unique aureus attributed to the same mint (Leu 42, 12 May 1987, 373) and similarities of style to the tetradrachms of Macrinus attributed to Carrhae, including the two dots in the reverse field (see Prieur 820-838). This author finds the similarities to the coins of Carrhae more persuasive than the supposed similarities to the coins of Edessa, but it is important to note that the common issues of Elagabalus with a star mint mark include coins which are similar in style to the tetradrachms attributed to Carrhae (see Prieur 254-256, although those coins have the letters ΔЄ and do not have the dots in the exergue characteristic of Carrhae). Thus, it is possible that the coin with Nike mint-mark was struck at the same mint as those with a star; that mint may have been Antioch, Emesa, or more likely Laodicea (this catalogue, pp. 285-287). While an attribution to Carrhae is plausible, it is far from certain. Also see the note below regarding no. 776A. 776A. This tetradrachm of Elagabalus (listed and illustrated in the catalogue) lacks the letters ΔЄ and has a star above a crescent between the eagle’s legs. Carrhae used a star and crescent as a mint mark on tetradrachms of Caracalla and Macrinus (see Prieur 830-838) and a star above a crescent on many of its aes coins (see BMCArabia, pp. 82-90), including an unpublished type struck by Elagabalus or Caracalla with reverse star above crescent on altar flanked by vexilla (CNG eAuction 334, 3 Sept. 2014, 259, attributed there to Caracalla). Like no. 772A above, this tetradrachm may have been struck at Carrhae.

Supplement to the Catalogue

743-2

745(b)

Supplement No. 2

762-4

767B-1

749(b) 772A

758-7

Supplement No. 2

779A. Same as no. 779, but AV. K. M. AV. C. ANT[ΩNЄINOC], and laur. bust of Elagabalus, cuir. (no drapery), seen from front. (a) Wreath fastened at top with diamond. MC (3.43 g; 12h); MC (4.77 g; 6h). (V. Rare) The first example was described and illustrated in the catalogue as no. 779A. The second example, shown here (struck from the same obv. die), allows a more complete reconstruction of the legend, (which appears to be the same as that on no. 781), and provides a better photograph of the bust type. (b) Wreath fastened at top with star. Savoca Coins, eBay Item No. 253462585963, March 2018 (4.31 g). (Ex. Rare) 781. Æ 19 (as) (a) Obv. AVT. K. M. AV. C. ANTΩNINOC C. Rad head of Elagabalus r. Rev. S.C, Δ above, Є below, all within laurel wreath. Wreath fastened at top with star. MC (3.09 g; 6h); MC (4.24 g; 12h). (V. Rare) The second coin is better preserved than the one illustrated in the book and shows that the obverse legend C. at the end. The portrait style of this issue is very similar to the one struck in the final weeks of Macrinus’ reign showing Diadumenian as Augustus (no. 753), which suggests that this coin was among the earliest struck in the name of Elagabalus. (b) Obv. AV. K. M. AV. CЄ. ANTΩNINOC C. Radiate and laureate head of Elagabalus r. Rev. S.C, Δ above, Є below, all within laurel wreath. Wreath fastened at top with diamond. MC (4.98 g; 6h). (V. Rare) Two other examples were published in Supp. No. 1 (struck from the same dies as this coin), but the description did not note that the portrait on this variety has a laurel wreath as well as a radiate crown. 789A. Same as no. 788, but ΔЄ below S.C and transposed; eagle stands on leg and thigh of animal. MGS Antike, eBay Item No. 372289038062 (3.62 g). (Ex. Rare) 790. “ANTΩЄINOC” should be “ANTΩNЄINOC”. 790A. Same as no. 790, but head of Elagabalus has slight drapery at neck. Wreath fastened at top with star. eBay Item No. 302793477618, July 2018. (Ex. Rare) 799. Æ 22 (as) This example has an asymmetrical laurel wreath of eleven leaves, five on the left and six on the right. Jencek 28, 9 Dec. 2014, 43 (5.90 g). 803. Æ 33 (8 assaria) (d) Two dots in exergue. London Ancient coins, Ltd., VCoins, March 2012 = CNG eAuction 338, 5 Nov. 2014, 189 (16.70 g). (Ex. Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue. (e) Four dots in exergue. MC (15.28 g; 2h). (Ex. Rare) This coin is from the same obverse die as no. 806. The reverse of no. 806 (which has Tyche std r. and ram running r., instead of left, as on this coin) was described in footnote 197 as having two dots,

Supplement to the Catalogue but it may have four dots, as well. (f) Rev. ANTIOX ЄΩN M. KOΛ - NI(?) Two dots above ram. MC (13.66 g; 1h); MC (19.52 g; 1h). (Ex. Rare) (Struck from the same obverse die as Fig. 28A, with Samosata reverse and two dots in exergue.) The meaning of the dots on these coins is unclear. They cannot be marks of value because there are varieties with two dots for both the large and medium denominations (see nos. 803(a) and 813A), and varieties with two dots and with four dots for the same large denomination. Since the dots do not appear on varieties with the star or crescent, perhaps they are an earlier version of the star/crescent (officina?) marks. This variety also has a letter or letters in the exergue, beneath the outstretched arm of the river-god Orontes. It is tempting to interpret it as the numeral-letter “H”, in which case it would be an early version of the denominational mark which appears on some of the bronze coins of Severus Alexander, but it seem more likely to be the letters “NI”, in which case it would be the end of the reverse legend: ANTIOXЄΩN M. KOΛ[Ω]NI. 807A. Æ 32 (8 assaria) MC = Nomos, Obolos 13, 2 July 2019, 597 (21.67 g; 12h). (V. Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue. 808. Æ 32 (8 assaria) This type was misattributed by both this author and Butcher to Elagabalus, based on a single coin in the BN (Paris 661), but in fact it is a coin of Severus Alexander. For the corrected description, see no. 828A below. 808B. Æ 33 (8 assaria) Same as no. 802, but rad. cuir. bust of Elagabalus r., seen from behind, and star in reverse l. field. MC (17.97 g; 1h). (Ex. Rare) This variety is similar to no. 807A, but the bust is radiate rather than laureate. 819. Æ 26 (4 assaria) The description in the catalogue is erroneous as regards the denomination. Waage 621 is an Æ 32 (8 assaria), not an Æ 26 (4 assaria), and is correctly described at no. 809(b). No. 819 does not exist, to the author’s knowledge, although a similar variety is listed below as no. 819A. 819A. Æ 26 (4 assaria) Same as no. 810, but rad. head of Elagabalus l., and obv. legend AVT. KAI. MAP. AV. ANTΩNЄINOC C, retrograde, counter-clockwise from lower r.; rev. legend ANTIOXЄΩN MHT. KOΛΩ from l. (a) No symbol in rev. field. MC (9.82 g; 12h); Numismatik Lanz, eBay Item No. 233370098275, Oct. 2019 (10.80 g). (Ex. Rare) (b) Star in rev. l. field. Savoca Coins, eBay Item No. 264469072392, Sept. 2019 (10.88 g). (Ex. Rare)

Supplement to the Catalogue

Supplement No. 2

779A(a) 803(e)

779A(b)

781(a)

803(f)

781(b)

807A-2

789A

790A

799 var.

808B

819A(a)-2

819A(b) 73(d)

Supplement No. 2

824. Æ 33 (8 assaria) (a)var. Star below Tyche instead of in rev. l. field. MC = Roma Numismatics Ltd. E-Sale 60, 1 Aug. 2019, 550 (17.84 g; 7h) (Ex. Rare) ( (c) No symbol in field. Amphora Coins, eBay Item No. 200810404643, Sept. 2012 (18.23 g). (Ex. Rare) 825. Æ 31 (8 assaria) (d) In rev. l. field, crescent; two dots in exergue. CNG eAuction 357, 12 Aug. 2015, 266 (19.37 g; 1h). (Ex. Rare) The obv. legend is AVT. KAI. MAP. AV. AΛЄΞANΔPOC CЄ., omitting “CЄ.” after “MAP. AV.”. Compare no. 803(d) above, a coin of Elagabalus with two dots in the exergue. 828A. Æ 32 (8 assaria) Same as no. 824, but laur. bust r., cuir., seen from front, both pteryges visible. (a) No symbol in field. McAlee 808 corr.; Butcher 478(a) corr. (Ex. Rare); MC (17.8 g) (b) Star in rev. l. field. MC (20.85 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) This type was misattributed by both this author and Butcher to Elagabalus, based on a single coin in the BN (Paris 661). A second example acquired by the author, struck from the same obverse die but with reverse Tyche seated with star in field, clearly shows the name “Alexander” in the obverse legend. Based on an examination of the MC coins and a cast of the BN coin, the obverse legend is: AVT. KAI. MAP. (AV. CЄ.) AΛЄΞANΔPOC (CЄ.). The rev. legend of the BN coin is ANTIOXЄΩN MHT. KO., and that of the MC coin is ANTIOXЄΩN MH. KO. 830A. Æ 32 (8 assaria) Same as no. 824, but rad. bust of Severus Alexander l., dr. and cuir., seen from behind, and obv. legend, from lower left, AVT. KAI. MAP. AV. AΛЄ...; rev. legend ANTIOX... In rev. l. field, star. MC (15.35 g; 6h). (Ex. Rare) This bust type is unpublished for Severus Alexander, although it appears on the medium denomination struck by Elagabalus (nos. 820-821). The obverse legend is unusual in that it omits “CЄ.” after “MAP. AV.”, suggesting that this could be a coin of Elagabalus, but the emperor’s name clearly begins AΛЄ[ΞANΔPOC] (Alexander), not ANT[ΩNЄINOC] (Antoninus). While the name “Severus” appears on a few coins of Elagabalus (this catalogue, nos. 781, 790, 809, 820, 821), the name “Alexander” only appears on the coins of Severus Alexander. See also no. 825(d) above, another coin of Severus Alexander which omits “CЄ.” after “MAP. AV.”. 837A. Æ 34 (8 assaria) Same as no. 832, but laur. bust r., cuir. (no drapery), seen from front. Between S and C, H. CNG 91, Sept. 2012, 619 (24.24 g; 6h). (Ex. Rare) A photograph of a better example is added. 839. Æ 31 (8 assaria) Same as no. 832, but laur. bust l., dr. and cuir., seen from behind. Between S and C, H. MC (14.64 g; 12h). (V. Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue.

Supplement to the Catalogue 845A. Æ 32 (8 assaria) Same as no. 845, but Δ and Є(?) in lower field below bust of Tyche instead of in upper field. No symbol in field. Numismatik Naumann, eBay Item No. 381677054887, June 2016 (13.0 g). (Ex. Rare) 848. Æ 25 (4 assaria) (c) In rev. l. field, crescent. MC (8.70 g; 6h). (Ex. Rare) The crescent, just below Δ in the left field, is faintly visible in the photograph but clearly visible with the coin in hand. Also, on this variety Tyche holds three ears of wheat rather than two. 848A. Æ 26 (4 assaria) Same as no. 848, but obv. legend AVT. KAI. MAP. AV. CЄ. AΛЄΞANΔPOC CЄ.; rev. legend ANTIOXЄΩN MHT. KOΛ. No symbol in rev. field. MC (10.19 g; 11h). (Ex. Rare) The portrait is more mature than those on nos. 847-849, and similar to that on no. 850. 850.corr. Æ 26 (4 assaria) Obv. AVT. KAI. MAP. AV. CЄ. AΛЄΞANΔPOC CЄ. Rad. bust of Severus Alexander r., dr. and cuir., seen from behind. Rev. ANTIOXЄΩN MH. KOΛ. Tyche std. l. on rocks, holding two ears of wheat in r. hand; below, river-god Orontes swimming l;.; in field to l. and r., ΔЄ and SC. (b) In rev. l. field, crescent. MC (8.89 g; 12h). (V. Rare) This example shows that the obverse legend sometimes ends in CЄ. 855C. Æ 19 (assarion) Obv. [AVT. K. M.] AV. CЄ. AΛЄΞANΔ[POC]. Laur. bust of Severus Alexander r., dr. and cuir., seen from behind. Rev. Ram running r., S to l., C to r., Δ above, Є below, all in laurel wreath. Croesus, eBay Item No. 151299328387, June 2014 (6.05 g). (Ex. Rare) 855D. Æ 18 (assarion) Obv. AVT. K. M. AV. CЄ. AΛЄΞANΔ. C. Laur. head of Severus Alexander r., slight drapery at neck. Rev. Ram running r., S to l., C to r., Δ above, Є below, all in laurel wreath. MC (3.65 g; 6h). (Ex. Rare) 858. Æ 32 (8 assaria) (c) In rev. l. field, dot. Tom Imig, eBay Item No. 321453559663, July 2014 (21.0 g). (Ex. Rare) Compare no. 845(b), this catalogue, with obverse bust of Severus Alexander and the same reverse variety. 859A.corr. Eagle stg. on palm-branch (not ground line, as indicated in catalogue). See no. 859B below.

Supplement to the Catalogue

Supplement No. 2

824(a)

839

824(c)

845A

848(c) 825(d)

848A 828A(a)

850(b)

828A(b) 855C

830A

837A

855D

858(c)

Supplement No. 2

Supplement to the Catalogue

859B. Billon tetradrachm. Obv. AVTOK. K. M. ANT. ΓOPΔIANOC ЄVCЄB. CЄB. Laur. bust of Gordian III, cuir., seen from front. Rev. ΔMAPX ЄΞOVCIAC and backwards Z. Eagle stg. r. on palm-branch, head l., wreath in beak; in exergue, SC. Dionysos Numismatik, eBay Item No. 392098357769, Aug. 2018 (14.11 g). (Ex. Rare) The legend on this coin, like no. 859A, includes the title EYCEB(EYC) = Pius, which allows it to be dated to A.D. 240. It was probably the initial issue struck at Antioch. This coin (and no. 859A) have an eagle standing on a palm-branch; all of Gordian’s subsequent types have an eagle on a ground line or an eagle over ram and crescent.

previously unpublished variety. The bust type is not found on any other Antiochene tetradrachm, or for that matter on any other Syro-Phoenician tetradrachm. A similar bust type with a laureate portrait of Caracalla appears on some tetradrachms of Edessa (Prieur 847) and Hierapolis (Prieur 936), and on a dynastic issue associated with Edessa (Prieur 1729).

860A. Billon tetradrachm Same as no. 860, but rev. legend is misspelled ΔMAPX ЄΞVCIAC. Dionysos Numismatik, eBay Item No. 391060494308, Feb. 2015 (12.98 g). (Ex. Rare)

895B. Billon tetradrachm Same as no. 894, but rad. bust r., dr. and cuir., seen from front. MC (9.45 g; 6h). (Ex. Rare)

865. Billon tetradrachm Same as no. 860, but rad. head l., with slight drapery. Dionysos Numismatik, eBay Item No. 391372034592, Feb. 2016 (13.34 g). (V. Rare) A better photograph is added. 866A. Billon tetradrachm Same as no. 860, but rad. cuir. bust l. seen from front. Cuirass ornamented with two dots, trabea on r. shoulder. (No. 866 has a plain cuirass and no trabea.) Yale University, 1938.6000.688, http:// ecatalogue.art.yale.edu/detail.htm?objectId=121473 (11.85 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare)

895A. Billon tetradrachm Same as no. 894, but rad. bust r., dr. and cuir., seen from behind, and rev. legend ends YΠAT A instead of YΠA TO A. Amphora, eBay Item No. 200912615543, April 2013 (10.39 g). (Ex. Rare)

904A. Billon tetradrachm Same as no. 902, but rad. cuir. bust r., seen from behind. A.T. Hartmann Coll., ex Dionysos Numismatik, eBay Item No. 370992983912, Jan. 2014 (9.53 g; 7h); Numismatik Lanz, eBay Item No. 372286035025, April 2018 (10.88 g) (Ex. Rare) Same obverse die as no. 913, this catalogue. 905. Billon tetradrachm (a) Only l. pteryx visible, trabea over r. shoulder. Prieur 366; SNGCop 264; MC (no. 905, this catalogue, shown at p. 333). (V. Rare) (b) Both pteryges visible. Dionysos Numismatik, eBay Item No. 392197569187, Jan. 2019 (12.27 g). (Ex. Rare)

868A. Billon tetradrachm Same as no. 860, but rad. bust l., dr. and cuir., seen from behind. Athena Numismatics, VCoins, April 2014 (11.59 g). (Ex. Rare) A photograph of a better example is added.

906A. Billon tetradrachm A.T. Hartmann Coll., ex Dionysos Numismatik, eBay Item No. 370919300732, Oct. 2013 (11.87 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) A photograph of a better example is added, only the second known.

868C. Billon tetradrachm Same as no. 860, but rad., dr. and cuir. bust l. seen from behind, with shield to l. and spear held forward. Dionysos Numismatik, eBay Item No. 371176640592, Nov. 2014 (11.64 g). (Ex. Rare) This coin was struck from the same obverse die as no. 871A, but it has the reverse dated TR. POT. rather than the one dated COS. II.

910. Billon tetradrachm Savoca Coins, eBay Item No. 261520948155 (10.95 g). (Ex. Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue.

874A. Billon tetradrachm Same as no. 872, but ram running r. and eagle’s head r. Courtesy of Michel Prieur (12.68 g). (Ex. Rare) 885A. Billon tetradrachm Same as no. 872, but rad. bust l., cuir., seen from behind, shield with Medusa head to l., and ram running r. Courtesy of Dionysos Numismatik (2014); Roma Numismatics E-Sale 36, 27 May 2017, 260 (10.95 g; 1h); Dionysos Numismatik, eBay Item No.392610528360, Jan. 2020 (12.36 g); Dionysos Numismatik, eBay Item No. 392664685840, Feb. 2020 (12.90 g); (V. Rare) Four examples have appeared of this

918. Billon tetradrachm (a) Only r. pteryx visible. Prieur 365 (no. 918, this catalogue, shown at p. 335). (V. Rare) (b) Both pteryges visible. MC (10.92 g; 6h). (Ex. Rare) 952. Billon tetradrachm Roma Numismatics 33, 31 March 2012, 523 (13.39 g; 6h). (V. Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue. 963. Billon tetradrachm (a) One dot. Savoca Coins, eBay Item No. 251724769031, Nov. 2014 (12.04 g). (V. Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue.

Supplement to the Catalogue

Supplement No. 2

905(b)

859B

874A

906A

860A

885A-1 865-2

910

895A

918(b

866A

895B

868A-2

952

904A-1

868C

963(a)

Supplement No. 2

965. Billon tetradrachm (a) Cuirass with Gorgon’s head. Prieur 479; ANS; MC (no. 965, this catalogue, shown at p. 343) (V. Rare) (b) Cuirass plain. Dionysos Numismatik, eBay Item No. 370926604858, Nov. 2013 (12.59 g). (Ex. Rare) 966. Billon tetradrachm (a) Cuirass with Gorgon’s head. Dura 426; Prieur 478; (V. Rare) (b) Cuirass plain. MC (13.08 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) 980. Æ 29 (8 assaria) (a) Both pteryges visible. SNGCop 272; ANS; MC (no. 980, this catalogue, shown at p. 345) (b) Only r. pteryx visible. Matmil, eBay Item No. 201215231059, Dec. 2014 (13.85 g; 12h). (Ex. Rare) 1002. Æ 30 (8 assaria) MC (13.86 g; 12h). (V. Rare) A photograph of a coin is added; the photograph in the catalogue is of a plaster cast of a coin in the BN. 1012A. Billon tetradrachm. Obv. AVTOK. K. M. IOVΛ. ΦIΛIΠΠOC CЄB. Bare-headed bust of Philip II r., dr., seen from behind. Rev. ΔMAPX ЄΞOVCAC (sic) Eagle stg. on palm branch, head r., wing to r. behind leg, wreath in beak; in exergue, SC. Gemini XII, 11 January 2015, 412 (10.94 g) (this coin shown); Savoca Coins 4, 30 Aug. 2015, 355 (10.37 g); Hirsch 314, 24 Sept. 2015, 2986 (11.48 g). (V. Rare) Like no. 1012, this is a dieengraver’s error in which Philip I’s titles were substituted for his son’s. Like nos. 1013 and 1013A, the reverse has a Type 2 eagle, which is rare for the Series 1 tetradrachms of Philip I and II. It was struck from the same rev. die as the illustrated example of no. 1013, with ЄΞOVCIAC misspelled as ЄΞOVCAC. 1019. Billon tetradrachm. Same as no. 1017, but rad. bust r., dr. and cuir., seen from behind. Michel Prieur reported (private communication) that his listing of this bust type (Prieur 397) as draped and cuirassed was in error, and that all the examples he had seen had a bust which was draped only (see this catalogue, no. 1020). This author also cited an example in the ANS collection as having a draped and cuirassed bust, but this may also be an error, in which case all the Series 3 tetradrachms of Philip II as Caesar have a bust which is draped only, with no cuirass. However, some of the Series 1 tetradrachms of Philip II as Caesar clearly do have a draped and cuirassed bust, e.g., no. 1008. 1021A. Billon tetradrachm. Same as no. 1017, but rad. bust l., dr., seen from behind. Marc R. Breitsprecher, VCoins, Sept. 2018 (11.54 g). (Ex. Rare) 1023A. Billon tetradrachm. Same as no. 1022, but bust l. A.T. Hartmann Coll., ex Dionysos Numismatik, eBay Item No. 371072542288, June 2014 (11.46 g; 6h). (Ex. Rare)

Supplement to the Catalogue 1027B. Billon tetradrachm. Same as no. 1027, but rad. bust l., dr., seen from behind. (Same as no. 1027A, but eagle stg. r., head r.) Dionysos Numismatik, eBay Item No. 390960805493, Nov. 2014 (11.51 g). (Ex. Rare) 1048. Billon tetradrachm (c) Cuirass with balteus and trabea, l. arm raised. Dionysos Numismatik, eBay Item No. 390653776287, Sept. 2013 (13.67 g). (Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue. 1051. Billon tetradrachm (a) Cuirass with Gorgon’s head. Pegasi Numismatics, VCoins, Nov. 2015 (10.59 g). A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue. 1054A. Billon tetradrachm Same as no. 1042, but rad. bust r., dr. and cuir., seen from front, both arms raised, and eagle stg. r., head r. (Same as no. 1054, but eagle stg. r. head r.) CNG eAuction 299, 25 March 2013, 302 (12.62 g, 1h). (Ex. Rare) 1063. Billon tetradrachm (a) One dot. Munzhandlung Ritter, Feb. 2013 (13.07 g). (V. Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue. 1065. Billon tetradrachm (a) Cuirass plain, two dots under r. pteryx at end of legend. Triskeles Auctions, 12 Sept. 2013, 103 (11.90; 12h). (Ex. Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue. 1066. Billon tetradrachm (a) Cuirass plain, two dots under r. pteryx at end of legend. Prieur 486; (no. 1066, this catalogue, shown at p. 357) (Ex. Rare) (b) Cuirass plain, two dots under center of cuirass. agora-wien, eBay Item No. 201264433191, Jan. 2015 (12.62 g). (Ex. Rare) 1075A. Æ 29 (8 assaria) Same as no. 1073, but bust of Tyche l., ram l., and rev. legends retrograde (die reversed), including S. CNG eAuction 283, 25 July 2012, 180 (17.39; 5h). (Ex. Rare) 1079. Æ 29 (8 assaria) This variety was based on the description at Hunter 3, 312, and as noted in the catalogue at fn. 272: “This variety has not been confirmed by the author, and the Hunterian specimen may be a coin of Philip I.” The publication of SNGHunter, with photographs of all the coins catalogued, confirms that this coin is of Philip I, not Philip II. Unfortunately, this coin and several others of Philip I continue to be misattributed to Philip II in that publication; see SNGHunter 3079, 3080, 3082, and 3083.

Supplement to the Catalogue

965(b)

966(b)

Supplement No. 2

1048(c)

1051(a)

980(b)

1054A

1002-2

1063(a)

1012A

1065(a)

1021A

1066(b)

1023A

1075A

1027B

Supplement No. 2

1087A. Billon tetradrachm. Same as no. 1087, but eagle with head r. and wing behind leg at r. (Type 2 eagle). Numismatik Lanz, eBay Item No. 372451826203, Oct. 2018. (Ex. Rare) Series 1 and Series 2 tetradrachms (with eagle standing on palm branch) with a Type 2 eagle are known for Philip I and Philip II (this catalogue, nos. 893A, 898, 1013, 1013A, and 1015), but this and the following coin are the first recorded Series 1 and Series 2 tetradrachms of Otacilia Severa with a Type 2 eagle. 1088A. Billon tetradrachm. Same as no. 1088, but eagle with head r. and wing behind leg at r. (Type 2 eagle). Dionysos Numismatik, eBay Item No. 391408157944, March 2016 (12.60 g). (Ex. Rare) See the note accompanying no. 1087A. 1105. Billon tetradrachm (f) No dots. Dionysos Numismatik, eBay Item No. 371005990517, Feb. 2014 (12.05 g). (Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue. 1106. Billon tetradrachm (c) Three dots. Dionysos Numismatik, eBay Item No. 370995475353, Jan. 2014 (11.86 g). (Ex. Rare) This variety (with three dots) was listed in the catalogue but with no examples known at that time. 1110. Billon tetradrachm Solidus Numismatik, eBay Item No. 391136175708 May 2015 (11.75 g). (Ex. Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue. 1114A. Billon tetradrachm Same as no. 1113, but eagle stg. l, head r. No dots under bust. (Same as no. 1114, but no dots.) Pegasi XXXI, VAuctions, 28 Oct. 2014 (12.00 g). (Ex. Rare) 1117A. Billon tetradrachm Same as no. 1113, but bust seen from front. No dots under bust. (Same as no. 1117, but both pteryges visible on bust, no dots, and eagle stg. r., head r.) Dionysos Numismatik, eBay Item No. 370896029500, Sept. 2013 (12.03 g). (Ex. Rare) 1118A. The description in Supplement No. 1 omitted “Two dots under bust”. 1127. Billon tetradrachm The existence of variety (b), with two dots, has not been confirmed and is questionable. See comments under 1128. 1128. Billon tetradrachm Some of the varieties of this type listed in this catalogue and in Prieur’s catalogue were based on misreadings of the number of dots or lack thereof, and cannot now be confirmed. (See footnote 282 at page 368, this catalogue.) After comparing the obverse

Supplement to the Catalogue dies of the known examples, Michel Prieur reached the following conclusions (personal communication): (a) One dot. This is known from three [now four] coins, all from the same obverse die. A better photograph is added: Mike R. Vosper Coins, VCoins March 2014 (12.6 g). (b) Two dots. This variety cannot be confirmed. The coin listed and illustrated at Prieur 571A is struck from the same obverse die as the following variety. (c) Three dots. This variety is confirmed, but the coin illustrated as no. 1128(c) in this catalogue is struck from the same obverse die as variety (e), which has five dots. A photograph of a coin with three dots is added, courtesy of M. Prieur. (d) Four dots. --- (e) Five dots. This variety is confirmed and illustrated in this catalogue. (f) No dots or letter. This variety cannot be confirmed. The coin listed and illustrated at Prieur 568 is struck from the same obverse die as variety (c), which has three dots. 1132. Billon tetradrachm Same as no. 1125, but laur., cuir. bust r. seen from front. Two dots under bust. Dionysos Numismatik, eBay Item No. 370925033822, Nov. 2013 (12.15 g). (Ex. Rare) The coin cited in the the catalogue (SNGCop 282) has an uncertain number of dots, but on this example there are clearly two dots below the bust. 1133A. Billon tetradrachm Same as no. 1125, but laur., cuir. bust l. seen from front. (Same as no. 1133, but eagle stg. r., head r.) eBay Item No. 331246992665, June 2014 (11.6 g); Hirsch 326, 16 Feb. 2017, 2118 (10.93 g). (Ex. Rare) 1137. Billon tetradrachm (d) Three dots. Hirsch 326, 16 Feb. 2017, 2119 (11.87 g). (Ex. Rare) The dots are not clear, but the obverse die is the same as for no. 1136(b), which clearly has three dots. 1138. Billon tetradrachm (a) One dot. Dionysos Numismatik, eBay Item No. 370886225522, Sept. 2013 (9.19 g). (Ex. Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue. (b) Three dots. Dionysos Numismatik, eBay Item No.371452908659, Oct. 2015 (13.60 g). (Ex. Rare) (c) S. Naville Numismatics 12, 18 Jan. 2015, 226 (11.88 g); Athena Numismatics, VCoins Dec. 2015 (12.70 g; 6h). (Ex. Rare) This bust type has previously been recorded only with one dot or three dots (McAlee 1138-1139; Prieur 551-552). 1146. Billon tetradrachm (e) Θ. Dionysos Numismatik, eBay Item No. 391664985296, Jan. 2017 (12.02 g). (Ex. Rare) The letter Θ appears to symbolize a ninth officina. This is surprising because, except for this coin, the highest number seen on the tetradrachms of Trajan Decius is Z (seven), and the tetradrachms struck under the following emperor, Trebonianus Gallus, were also struck at only seven officianae.

Supplement to the Catalogue

Supplement No. 2

1087A

1128(c)

1088A

1132

1105(f)

1133A-2

1106(c)

1110

1114A

1117A

1128(a)

1137(d)

1138(a)

1138(b)

1138(c)

1146(e)

Supplement No. 2

Supplement to the Catalogue

1160. Billon tetradrachm (b) MC (14.07 g; 1h). (V. Rare) This coin has a clear pteryx at Hostilian’s shoulder, which is absent on most specimens. (See p. 376, fn. 290.) (e) Z. Tkalec AG, May 2011 (12.52 g). (V. Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue. 1167. Billon tetradrachm (a) One dot. Mike R. Vosper Coins, VCoins March 2014 (12.3 g). (V. Rare) A photograph is added of this variety, which was listed but not illustrated in the catalogue. 1169. Billon tetradrachm (c) Δ. MC = Ares Web Auction 7, 21 Feb. 2020, 483 (9.88 g). (Ex. Rare) (d) I. Mike R. Vosper Coins, VCoins Aug. 2015 (12.6 g). (Ex. Rare) Some of the rare Group 4 tetradrachms struck under Trajan Decius have an officina number in Roman numerals, while some have the number in Greek numerals. See no. 1146 (I, IV, S, VII, and Θ [this Supplement]), nos. 11561157 (Δ and VI), no. 1162 (VI), and nos. 1169-1169A (I [this Supplement], Δ [this Supplement], Є, and S). This is the first known example of a tetradrachm of Herennia Etruscilla with a Roman numeral.

1160(b)

1160(e)

1167(a)

1169(c)

1169(d)

Supplement to Appendix 1

Supplement No. 2

Supplement to Appendix 1: Countermarks Countermarks Found on SC Bronze Coinage Howgego, GIC No.

Description of Coins

Description of Countermark Reference (this Supplement)

——-

Augustus Augustus

Race torch (?) Branch

See no. 206. See no. 206(b).

—-

Augustus

Monogram of Π above ⊼

See no. 207.

—-

Tiberius

Head of Zeus-Ammon

See no. 217(e).

502

Also Otho and Titus

“Lighted race torch”

See nos. 320(a) and 384(b).

506

Also Augustus

See this cat., Apx. 1.

See no. 207.

NE|B (Nero Year 2)

See no. 217(a). See this cat., Apx. 1, for this cmk. on coins of Augustus and Claudius.

Also Tiberius

Lituus

See no. 217(c). See this cat., Apx. 1, for this cmk. on a coin of Augustus.

—-

Domitian

Group of five circles with a solid circle or pellet within each one

See no. 409.

472

Also Trajan

Thunderbolt in rectangular incuse

See no. 487(a).

—-

418 var.

Also Tiberius

Countermarks Found on Flavian Orichalcum Coinage Howgego, GIC No.

Description of Coins

Description of Countermark Reference (this Supplement)

245

Domitian as

Athena standing, hldg. spear and shield

See no. 415

—-

Domitian dupondius

Group of 12(?) solid circles or pellets within an incuse square

See no. 414