MIAMI Resiliency Studio
Project Editors: Nancy Clark + Kai-Uwe Bergmann Contributing Professors: Kai-Uwe Bergmann UF Global Lab + Ivan Smith Distinguished Visiting Professor Partner BIG- Bjarke Ingels Group AIA, RIBA, LEED AP Nancy Clark Associate Professor Program Director of Global Lab Co-Founder Consortium for Hydro-Generated Urbanism University of Florida School of Architecture Graphics Editors: Mitch Clarke + Douglas Nassar Contributing Graphics Editor: Alexander Thomas
No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner without written permission from the University of Florida, except in the context of reviews. Every reasonable attempt has been made to identify the owners of copyright. Errors or omissions will be corrected in subsequent editions.
STUDIO TEAMS:
Mitch Clarke + Melissa Jones
Lian Chen + Zhizhou Wang
Jaeyoung Joo + Chang Liu
Kaylee Delhagen + Matthew Vetterick
Carmen Chan + Jonathan Jimenez
Krista Farmer + Lok Wong
J. Alex Fernandez + Evan Vander Plough
Blaire Davis + Mason Ip
Miami Resiliency Studio - Kai-Uwe Bergmann + Nancy Clark University of Florida College of Design, Construction and Planning Dr. Christopher Silver, Dean School of Architecture Jason Alread, Director Š 2015 University of Florida Graduate School of Architecture
PHOTO CREDITS Pg 14-15 Florida Memory: State Library and Archives of Florida Pg 71 Arianna Prothero/WLRN Pg 113-114 Frank Hammond Joe Raedle/Getty Image
Graduate School of Architecture University of Florida School of Architecture PO Box 115702 Gainesville, FL 32611-5702 gsoa.dcp.ufl.edu
Special thanks to Ivan Smith Endowment
INTRODUCTION KAI-UWE BERGMANN
Today as I write this Florida Governor Republican Rick Scott bans the terms “climate change” and “global warming” from being used in any official government communications or reports. Sea-level rise is another term that Scott prohibits, saying it should be called “nuisance flooding. He has repeatedly stated he is not convinced that climate change is caused by human activity, despite scientific evidence to the contrary. Fact is the state of Florida is the region most susceptible to the effects of global warming in this country. Sea-level rise alone threatens 30 percent of the state’s beaches over the next 85 years. Governor Scott’s emphasis on semantics is proof that there is a lack of leadership on the issues of resiliency in South Florida. Add to this a lack of any plan of action from the region’s largest energy provider, the largest airport hub or its major tourist destinations that are all critical to its economic vitality. Thus the responsibility for thinking of our future resilient and sustainable regions shifts from the statewide to the local – from the government to our institutions like the University of Florida at Gainesville. When Nancy Clark contacted me to teach a resiliency studio in Gainesville I was intrigued. I consider Florida to be ground zero of the major challenges we are to face in our ever changing climate and coastlines. I saw great potential in partnering with her and co-teaching a studio that would focus on Miami and its environs on a citywide scale to see how it could redefine its relationship to one of its greatest resources – water. Nancy reached out to me due to our recent work on the Rebuild by Design competition which had gathered the talent of the world to work with the talent of the Superstorm Sandy-affected region to propose a protective system that not only shields the city against floods and stormwater; but in doing so provides social and environmental benefits to the community, and an improved public realm. These pages are the result of a semesters worth of research and design solutions to think of systemic ways to improve the situation so we are not always just applying band aids to our crumbling infrastructure. The students were asked to work in teams of two and to locate their own sites throughout the Miami region through researching different aspects of water – from eroding coastlines, saltwater intrusion, fresh water aquifers, porous subsurfaces or at-risk transportation or energy systems. Once their sites were located they then developed their own programs and looked to either store and detain the rising sea-levels, accept new boundaries, build entire new defensive systems and even allow the tidal currents to become a new source of energy.
This booklet can be seen as individual efforts to deal with one aspect of our ever changing relationship with water but even more importantly offers a collective view on how a region can prepare itself for the future through a series of intelligent acupuncture like urban moves that all together make Miami more resilient. Climate change will become one of the dominate concerns for our cities as major natural disasters and extreme weather events have become the new normal. Incorporating climate resilience into new infrastructure design or retrofitting is a marginal cost — pennies on the dollar — compared to the nearly $300 billion spent in the U.S. in the last decade to repair damage from weather-related disasters. This booklet offers a view of a future that ensures that Miami will be around for our children’s children.
INTRODUCTION NANCY CLARK
With over 1,200 miles of coastline surrounding the peninsula, rising tides are an obvious concern for Florida. Coastal communities and tidal habitats will be increasingly stressed by the interaction of climate change impacts with development and population growth. Miami is particularly vulnerable to water fluctuations and leads the world in assets at risk. In MIAMI RESILIENCY STUDIO, the students were challenged to rethink systems on a city scale to discover design opportunities within Miami’s infrastructural vulnerabilities. We focused on specific areas of the city including the Miami Airport, the river and canal systems, waste and water treatment infrastructure, and energy plants. Each project presented here proposes an innovative infrastructural solution to mitigate the various environmental concerns for the city while simultaneously enhancing the public realm by introducing new shared urban space into the city. Some, like Atlas Islands and Transport, explore the development possibilities of new highly valuable waterfront property as a part of an urban resiliency plan that can pay for itself. Others projects, such as Blue Rescue, Tri-Line, and Quality of Water, focus on water resources adaptation strategies and considered the need for Miami to reengineer its water and storm water adaptation systems as an opportunity for community development. Additional areas of research for MIAMI RESILIENCY included identifying cultural assets that will need protection, the impact of the growing population of south Florida and subsequent energy demands expected by 2100, and the need to introduce new landscape infrastructures to help mitigate storm surge, retreating coastlines, and water quality. Together, all eight proposals offer solutions for how the massive levels of funding scheduled for infrastructure upgrades can also lead to a new civic infrastructure for South Florida. Whether parks and open spaces or education and employment opportunities, these projects highlight the need for cities to address the social dimension of resiliency and envision mitigation strategies that not only address rising waters but also improve the quality of life of its citizens. MIAMI: RESILIENCY STUDIO presents the results of graduate research at the University of Florida developed as a part of a Global Lab design studio co-taught by Kai-Uwe Bergmann and Nancy Clark in the spring of 2015 sponsored by the Ivan Smith Endowment program in the School of Architecture.
MIAMI URBAN ARTERY MITCH CLARKE + MELISSA JONES
BLUE RESCUE JAEYOUNG JOO + CHANG LIU
SOBE |FORTRESS FORTRESS CARMEN CHAN + JONATHAN JIMENEZ
ATLAS ISLANDS J. ALEX ALEXANDER FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ + EVAN+VANDER EVAN VANDER PLOEG PLOEG
TRI LINE CHIENLIEN CHEN LIEN++ZHIZHOU ZHIZHOUWANG WANG
TRANS.PORT TRANS-PORT KAYLEE DELHAGEN + MATTHEW VETTERICK
VIRGINIA KEY WATER TREATMENT KRISTA FARMER + LOK WONG
ECO-TRICITY BLAIRE DAVIS + MASON IP
TABLE OF CONTENTS
MIAMI URBAN ARTERY MITCH CLARKE + MELISSA JONES Over the course of the past century, the Miami River has been retrofitted from a natural course to an artificial canal for industrial purpose. Lack of local ecology coupled with salt water intrusion and the effects of sea level rise have become the top threats to the region. In addition to the environmental threats, a lack of social gathering and connection combined with the effects of the economic crisis have rendered the area as an urban wasteland. Our goal is to use the river’s edge as an urban strategy to mitigate ecological concerns as well as adapt to the rising seas. By introducing programmable cultural spaces with adaptable ecology, we hope to bring a more connected urban fabric to the river’s edge and throughout the surrounding neighborhoods. Our development strategy includes a “kit of parts” built upon the current Miami Greenway project that has been underway for the past 11 years. The project is split into two phases of retrofitting; one for the vast maritime industry along the river the other for community use. The act of retrofitting the Miami River’s industrial sector accounts for public access to the waterfront while still protecting the multi-billion dollar economic investments of businesses. The retrofitting for community use takes the needs of the community and combine it with the needs for the environment. Programs such as theatre space, urban gardening, and recreational fields are juxtaposed to wetlands, estuaries, and marshes to stitch together a cohesive riverfront. This “urban artery” serves as a connective tissue to filter into the riverfront area.
MIAMI RIVER | BISCAYNE BAY
1900
1920
DREDGED VS. NATURAL RIVER CONDITIONS
EFFECTS OF SALT WATER INTRUSION
Normal saltwater/freshwater relationship
Exacerbation due to dredging
Saltwater intruding into freshwater aquifer
Artificial defense to mitigate Intrusion
IMPERVIOUS EDGE
PERVIOUS EDGE (HARD)
PERVIOUS EDGE (SOFT)
7.37%
30%
63.63%
IMPERVIOUS EDGE PERVIOUS EDGE (HARD) PERVIOUS EDGE (SOFT)
M
MARITIME INDUSTRIES ALONG MIAMI RIVER Ship Building/Repair Boat Building Boat Dealership Deep Sea Frieght and Transportation
45%
Inland Water Frieght and Transportation
3%
5% 1%
Harbor Operations Cargo Holding Navigational Shipping
17%
5% 1%
13%
10%
Marinas
DECLINE OF VALUE FOR INDUSTRIAL LOTS $227
$232
Price per sq. footage
200
$147
150
$124
$107
100
$92
$87
2006
2007
2008
2009
$71
$73
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
AT 3 FOOT SEA LEVEL RISE, 40 % OF LOTS ALONG MIAMI RIVER ARE FLOODED.
INDUSTRIAL/VACANT LOTS ALONG RIVER
MIAMI GREEENWAY
Recreation fields + Commercial development
Cultural center + Boardwalk
t
Urban gardening + Water recreation
ECOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS
URBAN DEVELOPMENT
STRATEGIC KIT OF PARTS
Recreation and Boardwalk
Playgrounds
Cultural Spaces
Water Recreation
Community Gardens
NEW MIAMI URBAN ARTERY
OUR PROPOSAL LINKS 4 MILLION SQ. FT. OF NEW PERVIOUS LAND WITH...
...SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW MIAMI “URBAN ARTERY”.
BOARDWALK AND ENTRANCE TO JOSE MARTI PARK
RETROFITTED EDGE FOR GALLERY SPACE + NATURAL ECOLOGY
URBAN GARDENING AND WATER RECREATION
BLUE RESCUE JAEYOUNG JOO + CHANG LIU The city of Miami faces challenges of urban sprawl, heavy rain, and flooding of its environment. The change in the flow of water through the Floridian and Biscayne Aquifer has exacerbated the issue of water in the region. It is projected that up to 70 % of the drainage capacity of the 28 coastal flood/salinity control structures protecting southeast Florida from flooding and saltwater intrusion could be lost with sea level rise at less than 1 foot. Adaption solutions may require the addition of high-capacity pumping stations costing millions of dollars each. The Blue Rescue focuses on the need for new pumping stations and providing a series of new urban spaces. The project focuses on the need for the new pumping stations and fresh water by creating pumping station parks located in the most vulnerable areas in Miami that would hold water during flooding and provide recreation areas by incorporating social infrastructure unique to the neighborhood it occupies.
RAINFALL IN MIAMI
30
20
10 Frequency of avg. rainfall (%)
40
10
8
6 4 2
D
N
O
S
A
J
J
F
M
Monthly of avg. rainfall (%)
M
A
M
J
D N O S A J
J M F
A J
DAMAGE OF FLOODING/SEA LEVEL RISE
BELOW 3 FT
Property Value $38.01 Billion
Homes
71,702
Population 128,548
Roads 384 Miles
Miami is SINKING
HISTORIC WATER FLOW
CURRENT WATER FLOW
REVITALIZE WATERWAYS
RESCUE CENTERS
ARTIFICIAL BASINS
PUMP FIELDS
OBSERVATORY
PROMENADE
BOTANICAL GARDEN
VERTICAL FARMING
PUMP STATION STRATEGY
LOW DENSITY URBAN PLAZA
HIGH DENSITY URBAN PLAZA
PUMP STATION IN USE DURING FLOODING SITUATION
PLAZA DURING FLOODING SITUATION
SOBE | FORTRESS CARMEN CHAN + JONATHAN JIMENEZ Miami Beach is an international destination known for its luxurious lifestyle and its prime location on the water. Generating nearly half of the total expenditures of visitors for all of Greater Miami, South Beach is threatened against rising sea-levels, as well as both storm and tidal flooding. SOBE Fortress proposes the use of public space and transportation as defensive strategies against water, seeking to protect the island and its historical districts. Public spaces such as commercial areas, promenades, parks, and marinas weave themselves around South Beach and become the floodable fortifications that protect the island. In addition, canals are introduced along the current roadways to relieve the pressure of rising water through Miami’s porous limestone foundation. The project recognizes that the quality of life in South Beach cannot be changed overnight, so the proposals for each district are through 2025, 2050, and 2100 master plans. These master plans set guidelines for the elevation construction, and preservation of infrastructure and land and creates four new districts: Lincoln, 5th Street, Alton, and Collins. Lincoln and 5th Street districts are the most similar in that they are prominent entry points as well as commercial corridors. Alton is the most vulnerable district as it is the lowest pint of South Beach, while Collins is the most naturally protected. Transportation, through a series of parking garages and marinas along the major entry points, promote the use of pedestrian, bicycle, and boat traffic on the island.
COMMERCIAL
HISTORIC DISTRICT
Total Expenditures (Millions)
25 20.7
20
21.8
22.8
18.8 17
15 10 5 2009
2010
2011
2012
Greater Miami
$22.9 billion a year
Miami Beach
$10.6 billion a year
2013
$288 per day ECONOMIC IMPACT OF OVERNIGHT VISITOR
South Beach
8,054,020
66% Lodged in Miami Beach
Lincoln Road
5,444,971
69%
Lodged in Miami Beach
Nightlife
2,079,677
25%
Lodged in Miami Beach
MOST VISITED ATTRACTIONS IN MIAMI BEACH
200
Expenditures ($)
175.55
150
168.84 134.43
100
94.14 63.43
50
Lodging
Meals
Transportation
Entertainment
Shopping
Type of Expenditures
TOTAL EXPENDITURES PER PARTY
Hotel Room Tax: 2% $33.7 Million Food + Beverage Tax: 3% $26.9 Million
2013 $60.6 Million
MIAMI BEACH TOURISM COLLECTIONS
Sea levels will RISE
+3’ SEA LEVEL RISE
+7’ SEA LEVEL RISE
3’ Defesene Line 7’ Defense Line
DEFENSE STRATEGIES
Lincoln District
Alton District
5th Street District
Collins District
NEW CONFIGURATION OF DISTRICTS
NEW DISTRICTS MIAMI BEACH
FORTIFICATION STRATEGIES
ALTON DISTRICT 2100
COLLINS DISTRICT 2100
LINCOLN ROAD DISTRICT 2100
5TH STREET DISTRICT 2100
ALTON 2050 IMPLEMENTATIONS: Public connection to water New base flood elevation for future development Green space acting as defense system
ALTON 2100
5TH STREET 2050 IMPLEMENTATIONS: Passive/active defense methods Alternated transportation Marina/Boardwalk public linkage
5TH STREET 2100
FORTIFIED SOUTH BEACH 2100
ATLAS ISLANDS J. ALEX FERNANDEZ + EVAN VANDER PLOEG Within the district of Miami, South Beach’s bayside coast is vulnerable to large, seasonal tidal events and the devastating effects of sea level rise. Dunes on the east coast provide a crucial passive method of protection from these tidal and storm events. The passive system of resiliency and protection through additive land is the inspiration for the creation and development of a string of new connected barrier islands on the vulnerable Biscayne Bay side that will extend as far north as Mid Beach. The string of new islands will isolate a portion of the bays coastal water and therefore aid in controlling water intrusion in the bay and also conforming itself to the existing boat movement patterns. In addition, a network of canals surgically cut within the fabric of South Beach will help mitigate any flooding events that threaten the islands from below. Development along the newly created landmass will act harmoniously with the prevailing South Beach lifestyle and also find itself contributing to its already vibrant community. Retail, recreation, housing, nightlife, and even a new sports arena are all developed with economic and transportation efficiency in mind. Critical to this proposal is the coupling of a long-term solution to the water crisis with the promise of an increase in valuable waterfront development amounting to an urban resiliency adaption plan that pays for itself.
This is the future of Miami Beach....
VOLUME OF TIDES IN BISCAYNE BAY
LOCAL MITIGATION STRATREGIES
POPULATION AFFECTED IN SOUTH FLORIDA
MIAMI BEACH WATER USAGE
COMPARISON OF TAMPA DESALINATION PLANT
REPETITIVE LOSS PROPERTIES | FLORIDA
REPETITIVE LOSS PROPERTY PAYOUTS | FLORIDA
NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE DEBT GROWTH
INFRASTRUCTURE MITIGATION FUNDING | PASSIVE
INFRASTRUCTURE MITIGATION FUNDING | TOTAL
DEPTH OF BISCAYNE BAY
BOAT MOVEMENT THROUGH BISCAYNE BAY
PROPOSAL OF NEW BARRIER ISLANDS AND CANALS
NEW PROTECTIVE BARRIER ISLANDS IN BISCAYNE BAY
TRI LINE CHEN LIEN + ZHIZHOU WANG The city of Miami currently faces three threats: the rising seas, increase in storm intensity, and tidal flooding. The goal of this project is to tackle these issues through a series of interventions that will combine the strategies of discharge, storage, and fortification to mitigate the effects of climate change. Increased watersheds into the Miami River, Little River, and the C-8 canal is alleviated by the introduction of the Blue Line, a new canal system that runs parallel to an existing cargo rail line. The Blue line will hold and delay water flow using ecology to filter water before being introduced into the Biscayne Bay. The Green Line provides parks and diverse habitats while acting as a greenland reservoir in the event of heavy rain or flooding. Finally, the Red Line is a floodable fortification that runs along the Biscayne Bay waterfront introducing civic amenities and recreation areas in order to provide phases protection against the rising seas over the next century.
5 foot flood area
TIDAL CRISIS ALONG MAJOR WATERWAYS
WATER CIRCULATION
FLOODING TYPES
TRI-LINE URBAN STRATEGIES
2100 TRI-LINE MASTER PLAN
WATER CIRCULATION
STREET REBUILD
GREEN SPACE REBUILD
VACANT LOT REBUILD
TRANS.PORT KAYLEE DELHAGEN + MATTHEW VETTERICK Transportation is the linchpin of Miami, as the movement of goods and people is among the primary industries that allow Miami to thrive. The two primary transportation hubs for both goods and people are the Miami International Airport (MIA) and PortMiami. MIA is currently undergoing major renovations due to aging facilities and runways. By the year 2050, MIA is expected to increase by 20 million passengers a year. PortMiami is also expecting substantial growth both in number of cruise passengers and number of shipping containers. Both MIA and PortMiami have no more room in their current locations to expand for this expected growth. In order to alleviate the strain on these two primary hubs, we propose building an entirely new airport and re-locating the existing port. The new Air+Port would be located three miles off the coast of Miami Beach, which would allow for saving in fuel used in ships and shorter travel distances into Miami and Miami Beach for visitors. As a means of protection against storm surge, an arrangement of barrier islands would be incorporated into the overall structure of the new facility, with the primary barrier island being the new port and the secondary one an ecological barrier island that partially sits under the raised airport. In order to offset some of the costs of construction, the current port would be redeveloped as a mixed-used community to accommodate population in the greater Miami area.
PORTMIAMI CRUISE PASSENGER TRAFFIC + EXPECTED
PORTMIAMI CARGO TEUs+ EXPECTED
(MIA) PASSENGER TRAFFIC + EXPECTED
750-800 ACRES MORE FOR 20 MILLIONS+ PASSENGERS
PROPOSED RAIL CONNECTIONS
TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT
FUEL CONSUMPTION SAVED | CRUISE SHIPS
FUEL CONSUMPTION SAVED | CARGO SHIPS
AIRPORT NOISE EXPOSURE CURVE
WATERWAYS UNDER PRESERVATION
AIR + PORT
AIR + PORT
VIRGINIA KEY WATER TREATMENT KRISTA FARMER + LOK WONG Growing population, aging infrastructure, and salt water intrusion pose a significant threat to the Biscayne aquifer and the quality of water throughout Miami-Dade Country. It is becoming increasingly urgent to address means to provide a clean water sources that anticipates a growth in need while protecting the limited water supply available to Miami. Aging wastewater and water treatment infrastructure is expected to cost over $1 billion to repair. The 62 year old Central district waste water treatment plant situated on Virginia Key is at risk from rising seas and storm surge beginning at 3 feet. Through a phased decommissioning of the old plan and decentralization to the mainland, Virginia Key is transformed into an ecological water treatment park that promotes educational awareness and provide social space for outdoor recreation.
VIRGINIA KEY WATER TREATMENT CENTER
Salt water Intrusion Water Table
Water Table
Pump Wells
Pump Wells
MITIGATION TO SALT WATER INTRUSION
480.52 MILLION GALLONS PER DAY
75.6%
Public Safety
13.7% Commercial/ Industrial Mining
6.9% 2.8%
Power Generation
Agriculture/SelfSupplied
0.3%
Recreational Irrigation Domestic/Self
0.5% Supplied
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium Sodium Fluoride Lead
Nitrate Copper
2015 2020 2030
2015 2,724,623 people
2020 2,885,439 people
2030 3,206,287 people
EXPECTED POPULATION GROWTH IN MIAMI-DADE COUNTY
AGING INFRASTRUCTURE AT RISK
WATER/WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS
WATER/WASTEWATER RECYCLING PROCESS
POTENTIAL SITES
Virginia Key
DECENTRALIZATION OF PLANT
Transportation
Wetlands
Circulation Pathways
WATER TREATMENT PARK
SOCIAL/ECOLOGICAL CONNECTION WITH INFRASTRUCTURE
VIRGINIA KEY WATER TREATMENT PARK
ECO-TRICITY BLAIRE DAVIS + MASON IP With the ever growing population in Miami, the city looks to meet its energy demands by the year 2100 and the existing infrastructure has its flaws. The Turkey Point Nuclear Generation Station, located 20 miles south of the city of Miami is exposed and vulnerable to sea level rise, storm surge, and hurricane damage. With a combined capacity of 3300 MW, Turkey Point is the largest generating station in Florida, the sixth largest power plant in the United States, and supplies all of south Florida with nuclear power. The Fukushima disaster in 2011 impacted development and communities within a 50 mile radius in Japan. A similar disaster at Turkey Point would seriously impact the entire Miami-Dade county area, including the 161,566 people living within a 10 mile radius of the station. Less perilous but equally problematic is the huge demand of nuclear energy on water sources. Currently, Turkey Point requires approximately 114 million gallons of water for cooling. With the Gulf Stream a mere 25 miles off the coast of Miami, it’s time for Florida to consider the benefits and the potential of tidal power generation. Eco-TriCity is located in the Gulf Stream 21 miles east of Miami where a tidal energy turbine array is proposed to replace all of the nuclear energy generated by Turkey Point. Phase one of the development includes a Tidal Research Institute as its anchor to propose a new age of energy generation.
MELTDOWN IMPACT IN SOUTH FLORIDA
The power plant of the future covers 71% of the earth’s surface
GLOBAL TIDAL CURRENTS
36 30 24
Turkey Point Nuclear Plant
nuclear waste that has to b kept apart from people for something like one to six million years. We don’t have any idea how to protect something for a miillion years.”- South Miami Mayor Phillip Stodard (may 2013)
Nuclear Reactors
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
Spent Nuclear Waste
2015 Katrina
1992
Opal
1990
Category 5
Category 2
0
Floyd
6
Category 4
12
Category 4
18
Andrew
Storm Surge Height (Feet)
“Nuclear Power generates nuclear waste that has to be kept apart from people for something like one to six million years. We don’t have any idea how to protect something for a million years.” -Miami Mayor Phillip Stodard (May 2013) “Nuclear Power generates
Years
3’ SEA LEVEL RISE IN MIAMI-DADE COUNTY
NUCLEAR GAS
ductivity
GWh
114 million gallons/day
oductivity
GWh
0 million gallons/day
on population) : 3.4 GWs (24,125 GWh)
GULF STREAM OFF FLORIDA COAST
TURBINE SPACING X-AXIS
TURBINE SPACING Y-AXIS
TURBINE GRID
ORTHOGONAL CITY BLOCK Present day visitors experience and perceive the urbanity of street spaces and program by the orderly and convenient organization of the urban fabric.
RADIAL FORMATION To break the monotony and rigidity of the orthogonal city block, a new perception of urbanity is imagined by looping and conforming to a circular radial motion revolving around an epicenter.
RECONFIGURED FORMATION The formation of the urbanity is adjusted to conform to site constraints (turbine array placement).
ADAPTED AMALGAMATION The action, process, or result of combining or uniting the elements of circulation through a city with defined constraints (tidal turbine array) and the elongation from a linear spine and pinching of edges to create channels for transportation.
AERIAL APPROACH
PHASE 01 PROGRAMMATICS Research + Development Hub
Commercial
Commercial/Residential
Biological Science Hub
Commercial Computer Science Hub
Engineering Hub
PHASE 03 PROGRAMMATICS
Art/Entertainment Hub
Art/Entertainment Hub
PHASE 02 PROGRAMMATICS Tidal Turbine Laboratory
Tidal Turbine Laboratory
ECO-TRICITY MOBILITY SYSTEMS
Pedestrian Streets Port
Rail Line
Pedestrian Walkways
TIDAL INSTITUTE
COMMERCIAL AND RESIDENTIAL HUB