Findings from the Impact Evaluation Baseline Survey in Madhya Pradesh, India
Household Survey Findings
TABLE 15: CONTINUED Income Quartile 1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Total
Primary Work: Months Worked in Last 12 Months Self-employed
9
9
9
10
9
Employee
10
11
12
12
11
Employer or boss
10
12
13
12
12
8
9
10
11
9
Other
9
10
11
10
10
Total
8
9
10
10
9
Day laborer
TABLE 16: HOUSEHOLDS WITH TIME LOSS DUE TO CHILD ILLNESS
Improved Sanitation
Percent of HH with lost hours due to child illness
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Total
6.2%
7.5%
7.2%
8.2%
6.5%
7.9%
7.3%
4.2 Water Source and Safe Water-Use Behavior Table 17 shows the types and locations of water sources reported by HHs. In the survey this information was collected by season (i.e., rainy and dry). However, because the majority (80%) of HHs reported that they used the same water source for drinking throughout the year and the survey was conducted predominantly in the monsoon season, only the results for the rainy season are presented here. Tube wells (hand pumps) were the main water source for most HHs (51%). At 24%, private piped water (15% + 9%) was the second most common HH water source, followed by unprotected dug wells (13%). Private piped water use was substantially higher among richer HHs and hand pump use was higher among poorer HHs. The vast majority of respondents (97%) used a water source located outside of
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Soap and Water at Place for Washing Hands
Yes
they had to take care of a sick child. The data indicate that improved sanitation and water sources and having a place for washing hands might lessen the amount of caregivers’ time lost to illness. Slightly smaller proportions of those with improved sanitation, water, and hygiene (i.e., places for washing hands) reported that they lost working hours due to child illnesses than those without.
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Improved Water Source
their own dwelling or yard. The richest HHs were more likely to report having a water source in their dwelling or yard than the poorer ones. Most HHs (72%) reported using covered water sources; however, almost a quarter (24%) reported using open water sources. Table 18 summarizes water storage and treatment behaviors reported by HHs. Almost all HHs stored drinking water in containers. Eighty-six percent of HHs said that they washed containers daily and about 10% said that they washed containers more than once a week. Most HHs used only water to wash containers (43%), about 22% used soap, detergent, or bleach; 26% used ash. Poorer HHs used mud or ash for washing slightly more than richer ones. Richer HHs were more likely to use soap, detergent, or bleach than poorer ones. The majority (75%) of HHs reported that they prepared or treated water in some way before drinking it (every day in the week prior to the interview). This percentage is higher in richer HHs. For example, 87.2% HHs in the richest income group reported treating drinking water. Of those who treated water in any way, more than 90% treated it every day or every other day. About 7% of HHs reported that Global Scaling Up Rural Sanitation
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