Africa's Water and Sanitation Infrastructure. Access, Affordability and Alternatives

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Africa’s Water and Sanitation Infrastructure

Table A4.5 Structure of Sanitation Tariffs (Only Utilities with Wastewater Responsibility) Country Burkina Faso Cape Verde Côte d’Ivoire Ethiopia Kenya Lesotho Madagascar Namibia

Nigeria Senegal South Africa

Sudan

Tanzania

Uganda Zambia

Utility ONEA ELECTRA SODECI AWSA NWASCO KIWASCO WASA JIRAMA Walvis Bay Windhoek Oshakati FCT WB meter SDE with sanitation Drakenstein Tygerberg eThekwini Johannesburg NWC Khartoum NWC South Darfur NWC Upper Nile DAWASCO DUWS MWSA NWSC KWSC LWSC NWSC

Source: Banerjee, Foster, and others 2008.

Connection Tariff part of cost water bill

% of water bill

Fixed fee

Block tariff Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes

0.85 Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

0.80 0.40 0.50 0.75 0.30 0.30 0.30

Africa's Water and Sanitation Infrastructure. Access, Affordability and Alternatives

Published on Aug 8, 2012

Christina Dian Parmionova

About

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), World Bank. January 2011 This publication integrates a wealth of primary and secondary information to present a quantitative snapshot of the state of the water supply and sanitation (WSS) sectors in Africa. It explains the sectoral institutional structures and utility performance and articulates the volume and quality of financing available over time. The authors also evaluate the challenges to the WSS sectors and explore the factors that govern the expansion of coverage over time. Finally, the authors estimate spending needs for WSS, arriving at a funding gap for meeting the MDGs. The proposed directions for the future draw on lessons learned from best practices and present the menu of choices available to African countries, bearing in mind that the challenges differ to a significant extent among countries and solutions must be tailored to national or regional conditions.

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