80
Table 3.5
(continued)
Septic tank Rural Senegal Mali Namibia Nigeria Ethiopia Zambia Burkina Faso Guinea Benin Chad Côte d’Ivoire Malawi Uganda Niger Kenya Mozambique Rwanda Tanzania Congo, Dem. Rep. Madagascar Ghana Zimbabwe Lesotho Cameroon
Improved latrine 1.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 –0.1 –0.1 –0.1
Source: Morella, Foster, and Banerjee 2008.
Madagascar Rwanda Zimbabwe Burkina Faso Lesotho Benin Mali Kenya Namibia Guinea Tanzania Zambia Uganda Malawi Ethiopia Congo, Dem. Rep. Niger Chad Mozambique Cameroon Ghana Nigeria Côte d’Ivoire Senegal
Traditional latrine 5.9 4.6 1.8 1.7 1.1 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 –0.1 –0.1 –0.1 –0.1 –0.8 –0.9 –1.3 –2.1
Ethiopia Côte d’Ivoire Uganda Congo, Dem. Rep. Senegal Malawi Guinea Mali Mozambique Nigeria Zambia Zimbabwe Tanzania Cameroon Ghana Kenya Chad Benin Niger Namibia Burkina Faso Lesotho Rwanda Madagascar
Open defecation 4.3 3.9 3.9 3.1 2.6 2.5 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.1 –0.3 –0.5 –1.3 –3.1
Niger Burkina Faso Chad Ghana Kenya Benin Tanzania Lesotho Nigeria Namibia Uganda Zambia Congo, Dem. Rep. Rwanda Malawi Cameroon Côte d’Ivoire Mozambique Mali Guinea Madagascar Senegal Zimbabwe Ethiopia
2.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 –0.2 –0.2 –0.4 –0.8 –0.8 –0.9 –1.0 –1.0 –1.5 –2.8