The Seventies by Chris Elvin

The Seventies Copyright 2011 © Chris Elvin Published by EFL Club Press ISBN-13: 978-1453731451 ISBN-10: 1453731458 Website http://www.eflclub.com Contact: chriselvin@gmail.com EFL Club Press Shimosakunobe 7-12-11 Takatsu-ku Kawasaki-shi 213-0033 Japan

The Seventies: Activities for Students of English as a Second or Foreign Language is available for purchase from bookstores online and offline. An accompanying teacher’s book (The Seventies Teacher’s Book: ISBN-10: 1456503715) is also similarly available for purchase.

About Chris Elvin

Chris Elvin was a teenager through much of the seventies and remembers the decade well and fondly. As an adult, he received an honors degree in organic chemistry from Liverpool University, and a masters degree in TESOL from Temple University Japan. He is also the author of The Sixties: Activities for Students of English as a Second or Foreign Language, Academic Reading in Science: Reading Skills for Students of English as a Second or Foreign Language, and Now You’re Talking. He lives and works in Japan and has over twenty years of experience teaching English as a foreign language. In 2011, he was teaching at Rikkyo University, Waseda University, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, and St. Dominic’s Institute.

1970 Vocabulary Matching

Match the words on the left to their definitions on the right. 1 abandon

.....

nuclear energy used as a source of electricity

2 anti-war

.....

to not allow officially

3 ban

.....

to end a relationship

4 break up

.....

a serious bacterial infection of the intestines

5 chess

.....

a passenger airplane which flew faster than the speed of sound

6 cholera

.....

nuclear energy used for purposes of mass destruction

7 cigarette

.....

to write music

8 compose

.....

a two-person strategy board game played with 16 pieces each

9 Concorde

.....

more important than others of the same type

10 construction

.....

a person among a group who shows an opinion in public

11 demonstrator

.....

when too much of a drug is taken at one time

12 earthquake

.....

to leave forever, or to stop something in progress

13 equality

.....

the act of building something

14 fine

.....

a strong public complaint about something

15 heavy metal

.....

when an illness begins to spread quickly and uncontrollably

16 inequality

.....

a thin paper tube of tobacco that people smoke

17 invade

.....

when people are sent somewhere to do an important job

18 major

.....

against a particular war or all wars

19 mission

.....

a sudden shake of the ground that often causes damage

20 nuclear power

.....

a situation when people are treated fairly or equally

21 nuclear weapon .....

enter another country in order to control it

22 outbreak

.....

to make a decision based on the number of counts of support

23 overdose

.....

to reach or have an effect on an increasing area

24 protest

.....

women and men

25 remote control

.....

a kind of electronic music played loudly with a strong beat

26 soldier

.....

a competition for players or teams and one eventual winner

27 spread

.....

☭

the control of something from a distance using radio waves

28 the sexes

.....

☮

a situation when people are not treated fairly or equally

29 tournament

.....

☺

a person who belongs to the army and who fights in a war

30 vote

.....

☯

to make a person pay money as a punishment

1970 Songs - Fluency Practice To access a listening exercise with short clips of the songs below, visit www.eflclub.com/music.html.

Listen and repeat. Then, without the textbook, try to repeat after your partner. “Your Song” is a love song composed by Elton John. It took him just twenty minutes to write the music. He doesn’t think he has written a love song as good as “Your Song” since. “Close to You” was the first successful song of The Carpenters. The Carpenters were Richard and Karen, who were brother and sister. “Let it Be” was written by Paul McCartney. This song is about Paul’s Mother, Mary, who died when Paul was fourteen. “I’ll Be There” was sung by The Jackson Five. The Jackson Five were five brothers including the youngest, Michael. In this song, a man tells his former lover that he will always be there for her.

This photo was taken in 1970. Can you talk about it for one minute?

What happened in 1970? Say these sentences. 1

A typhoon in Bangladesh killed half a million people.

There were cholera outbreaks in Turkey and also in Slovakia.

US soldiers shot and killed four university anti-war demonstrators on campus.

20,000 women protested against inequality in New York.

The Apollo 13 mission to the moon was abandoned.

The first New York City marathon was held.

The Soviet Union put a remote controlled robot on the moon.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Love Storyâ&#x20AC;? was a best-selling book and a popular movie.

The Beatles broke up.

Two popular American musicians died of drug overdoses.

Listen. Write your partnerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sentences. 1 ....................................................................................................... 2 ....................................................................................................... 3 ....................................................................................................... 4 ....................................................................................................... 5 ....................................................................................................... 6 ....................................................................................................... 7 ....................................................................................................... 8 ....................................................................................................... 9 ....................................................................................................... 10

.......................................................................................................

What happened in 1970? Listen. Write your partnerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sentences. 1 ....................................................................................................... 2 ....................................................................................................... 3 ....................................................................................................... 4 ....................................................................................................... 5 ....................................................................................................... 6 ....................................................................................................... 7 ....................................................................................................... 8 ....................................................................................................... 9 ....................................................................................................... 10

.......................................................................................................

Say these sentences. 1

There were major earthquakes in Peru and also in China.

The United States invaded Cambodia.

Construction workers attacked anti-war demonstrators in New York.

43 countries agreed to stop the spread of nuclear weapons.

The first computer chess tournament took place.

Concorde flew faster than the speed of sound.

Teenagers in the United Kingdom voted for the first time.

Brazil beat Italy to win the Football World Cup in Mexico.

Heavy metal music became popular.

Mick Jagger of the Rolling Stones was fined for possessing drugs.

Face to Face Take turns asking and answering questions. Have fun talking. Write her answers. 1

Which country did the US invade in 1970?

............................................

Who sang “I’ll Be There” in 1970?

............................................

Who are you close to?

............................................

How do people catch cholera?

............................................

Have you ever played chess?

............................................

What do you think of heavy metal music?

............................................

What kind of activities do people do on campus?

............................................

Would you like to run in a marathon someday?

............................................

How old do you have to be to vote in your country? ............................................

What do you use remote controls for?

............................................

Does your country have equality of the sexes?

............................................

Which do you prefer, love stories or war movies?

............................................

What (or who) have you ever abandoned?

............................................

Which famous people died of drug overdoses?

............................................

What do you think of nuclear weapons?

............................................

Face to Face Take turns asking and answering questions. Have fun talking. Write her answers. 1

Who won the Football World Cup in 1970?

............................................

Who sang â&#x20AC;&#x153;Close to Youâ&#x20AC;? in 1970?

............................................

Who will you always be there for?

............................................

Which do you fear most, earthquakes or typhoons? ............................................

What computer games do you like to play?

............................................

What kinds of music do you like?

............................................

Have you ever demonstrated against something?

............................................

What is the longest distance you have ever run?

............................................

Who do you want to vote for?

............................................

How many remote control units do you have?

............................................

What can be done to fight inequality?

............................................

Which do you like better, books or movies? (Why?) ............................................

Have you ever been fined?

What drugs are a social problem in your country? ............................................

What do you think of nuclear power?

............................................

Conduct a Survey Use the topics or words of this unit to help you write a class survey question. ...................................................................................................................?

Ask your question to everyone in the class and record their answers below.

Draw a pie chart or a bar graph of your results.

Write a short summary of your survey. ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................

Tell your group or class about your survey. 7

Research and Write Research one of the topics of 1970 below using the library or the Internet. Concorde

The Kent State Shootings

The 1970 Football World Cup

The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

The Apollo 13 Mission to the Moon

The Womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Strike for Equality

The Hard Hat Riot

Why The Beatles Broke up

In your own words, write an essay about your chosen topic. ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................

Source: ........................................................................................................

1971 Vocabulary Matching

Match the words on the left to their definitions on the right. 1 advertising

.....

the act of spending time or money in pursuit of gain

2 bankrupt

.....

the business of trying to persuade people to buy something

3 calculator

.....

a member of a government of a person who makes laws

4 colony

.....

a romantic friendship between two people

5 communist

.....

the money used within a particular region

6 currency

.....

the price of one country’s currency compared to another’s

7 declare

.....

advantage

8 demerit

.....

an international organization that tries to solve world problems

9 develop

.....

shoes which have very thick soles

10 exchange rate

.....

a traditional kind of music with no known composer

11 folk

.....

a style of music which evolved from rock and roll of the 1950s

12 foolish

.....

unwise

13 idealism

.....

happening at the same time

14 immigration

.....

the political leader of a country which has no royal family

15 independence

.....

a supporter of the politics or economics of Karl Marx

16 investment

.....

to make a business under the control of the government

17 merit

.....

to announce something clearly or publicly

18 microprocessor .....

to successfully create a new product

19 movement

.....

a country controlled by a more powerful country

20 nationalize

.....

belief in good, even if it is impractical or impossible

21 permanent

.....

a legal term for being unable to pay what you owe

22 platform shoes .....

a group of people with a particular belief or set of aims

23 politician

.....

for ever

24 president

.....

freedom from being ruled by someone else

25 promising

.....

looks like it could be successful or enjoyable

26 relationship

.....

disadvantage

27 rock

.....

☭

the part of a computer which performs calculations

28 simultaneous

.....

☮

the act of arriving at a country in order to live there

29 troops

.....

☺

a small electronic instrument for doing calculations

30 United Nations

.....

☯

organized groups of soldiers

1971 Songs - Fluency Practice To access a listening exercise with short clips of the songs below, visit www.eflclub.com/music.html.

Listen and repeat. Then, without the textbook, try to repeat after your partner. “Maggie May” is a folk rock song written and sung by Rod Stewart. It is about Stewart’s relationship with an older woman while still at school. The song was simultaneously number one in the UK and the United States. “It’s Too Late” is a pop rock song sung by Carole King. This song is about the end of a promising relationship. Some people think that the song is about the end of the idealism of the sixties. “You’ve Got a Friend” is a James Taylor cover version of a Carole King pop song. The song is about being a friend for someone in need. “Take Me Home, Country Roads” is a country folk song sung by John Denver. The song is about the beauty of the West Virginia countryside.

This photo was taken in 1971. Can you talk about it for one minute?

What happened in 1971? Say these sentences. 1

Australia and New Zealand pulled troops out of Vietnam.

General Idi Amin became president of Uganda.

The UK stopped automatic immigration from former colonies.

Norway began oil production in the North Sea.

Women were given the right to vote in Switzerland.

The United Kingdom changed its currency.

President Nixon declared a war on drugs.

Rolls Royce went bankrupt and then became nationalized.

Intel developed the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s first microprocessor.

French fashion designer Coco Chanel died.

.......................................................................................................

What happened in 1971? Listen. Write your partnerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sentences. 1 ....................................................................................................... 2 ....................................................................................................... 3 ....................................................................................................... 4 ....................................................................................................... 5 ....................................................................................................... 6 ....................................................................................................... 7 ....................................................................................................... 8 ....................................................................................................... 9 ....................................................................................................... 10

.......................................................................................................

Say these sentences. 1

A public opinion survey found most Americans to be against the war.

India invaded East Pakistan to help the independence movement.

Communist China was admitted to the United Nations.

The environmental organization, Greenpeace, was formed.

The United States lowered the voting age from 21 to 18.

The fixed price exchange rate for gold and the dollar ended.

The United States banned cigarette advertising on television.

Pocket calculators became available.

Internet chat rooms appeared.

Platform shoes appeared in stores.

Face to Face Take turns asking and answering questions. Have fun talking. Write her answers. 1

Which countries pulled out of Vietnam in 1971?

Which country joined the United Nations in 1971? ............................................

Who sang “Maggie May” in 1971?

............................................

Where do your country’s immigrants come from?

............................................

Can you name five oil producing countries?

............................................

Do you like luxury cars such as Rolls Royce?

............................................

Which companies have gone bankrupt recently?

............................................

What do you think of Chanel?

............................................

How old must you be to vote in your country?

............................................

What do you think of Greenpeace?

............................................

Do you think smoking is cool or foolish?

............................................

What do you think of gold as an investment?

............................................

What units of currency does your country have?

............................................

Do you ever use a pocket calculator? (What for?)

............................................

Have you ever worn platform shoes?

............................................

Face to Face Take turns asking and answering questions. Have fun talking. Write her answers. 1

Who became president of Uganda in 1971?

............................................

Which fashion designer died in 1971?

............................................

How older than you could your partner be?

............................................

What are merits and demerits of immigration?

............................................

Which UN Security Council nations never change? ............................................

What kinds of cars do you like?

Which companies are nationalized in your country? ............................................

Which fashion brands do you like?

Who do you trust most, male or female politicians? ............................................

What environmental issue concerns you the most? ............................................

Have you ever smoked?

............................................

Is now the time to buy or sell gold?

............................................

Which people are represented on your currency?

............................................

Do you own anything made using Intel chips?

............................................

How often do you chat on the Internet?

............................................

Ask your question to everyone in the class and record their answers below.

Draw a pie chart or a bar graph of your results.

Tell your group or class about your survey. 15

Research and Write Research one of the topics of 1971 below using the library or the Internet. China and The United Nations

The Bretton Woods System

Coco Chanel

The History of Microprocessors

Greenpeace

The History of Platform Shoes

Idi Amin

The History of Womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Right to Vote

Source: ........................................................................................................

1972 Vocabulary Matching

Match the words on the left to their definitions on the right. 1 arms

.....

money received for the loss or damage of something

2 attempt

.....

the rights of everyone in a society

3 ballad

.....

the number of people who live in a particular place

4 biological

.....

death caused deliberately by oneself

5 burglary

.....

relating to living things

6 civil rights

.....

rhythm and blues

7 commit

.....

worry

8 compensation

.....

a drug known to cause serious damage to unborn babies

9 concern

.....

a thing that travels regularly around the Earth in space

10 conference

.....

a prize awarded for excellence in the music industry in the US

11 contest

.....

to try to do something

12 effect

.....

men who use guns to commit a crime or violent act

13 gangster

.....

a member of an organized crime group

14 global

.....

the crime of entering a building to steal something

15 Grammy

.....

relating to the whole world

16 gunmen

.....

to compete for

17 limit

.....

not carrying a weapon of any kind

18 military

.....

relating to war or armed forces

19 occupation

.....

the sun and the planets which move around it

20 population

.....

job, or the control of a place by an army or group of people

21 R&B

.....

a detailed plan or methods for achieving success

22 recognize

.....

to acknowledge the existence of something or someone

23 satellite

.....

a style of music that is a mix of gospel and rhythm and blues

24 smallpox

.....

the result of a particular event

25 solar system

.....

a very dangerous disease causing spots on the skin and death

26 soul

.....

a slow form of popular love song

27 strategy

.....

☭

to stop something getting too much or too many

28 suicide

.....

☮

a meeting or event with talks about a specific subject

29 thalidomide

.....

☺

to do something that is considered wrong

30 unarmed

.....

☯ weapons

1972 Songs - Fluency Practice To access a listening exercise with short clips of the songs below, visit www.eflclub.com/music.html.

Listen and repeat. Then, without the textbook, try to repeat after your partner. “Alone Again (Naturally)” is a pop ballad sung by singer-songwriter Gilbert O’Sullivan. The song is about a person who wants to commit suicide after being left alone. It is also about the death of one’s parents. “American Pie” is a folk rock song sung by singer-songwriter Don McLean. The song is about the death of a musician who was McLean’s childhood hero. The song is well known for its unclear words. “Ben” is a pop, R&B soul song sung by Michael Jackson. Jackson was 14 when he first sang this number one hit. “The First Time I Ever Saw Your Face” is a pop song sung by Roberta Flack. The song won her a Grammy for Song of the Year.

This image is related to an event of 1972. Can you talk about it for one minute?

What happened in 1972? Say these sentences. 1

Arab gunmen killed 11 Israeli athletes at the Summer Olympics in Germany.

The first Watergate burglaries took place.

Soviet and American leaders agreed to limit arms production.

The UN held its first conference to discuss global environmental concerns.

General Idi Amin ordered 50,000 Asians to leave Uganda.

Thalidomide victims of the late fifties and early sixties received compensation.

A Russian and an American contested the world chess championship.

The Volkswagen Beetle became the world’s most popular car.

A man-made satellite left the solar system for the first time.

The popular tennis video game “Pong” was released.

Listen. Write your partner’s sentences. 1 ....................................................................................................... 2 ....................................................................................................... 3 ....................................................................................................... 4 ....................................................................................................... 5 ....................................................................................................... 6 ....................................................................................................... 7 ....................................................................................................... 8 ....................................................................................................... 9 ....................................................................................................... 10

.......................................................................................................

What happened in 1972? Listen. Write your partner’s sentences. 1 ....................................................................................................... 2 ....................................................................................................... 3 ....................................................................................................... 4 ....................................................................................................... 5 ....................................................................................................... 6 ....................................................................................................... 7 ....................................................................................................... 8 ....................................................................................................... 9 ....................................................................................................... 10

.......................................................................................................

Say these sentences. 1

British soldiers killed 14 unarmed civil rights marchers in Ireland.

President Richard became the first US president to visit China.

World leaders agreed to stop biological weapons production.

An important book about world population growth was written.

Okinawa was returned to Japan after 27 years of military occupation.

There was a smallpox outbreak in Eastern Europe.

Women officially entered and ran a marathon for the first time.

East Germany and West Germany officially recognized each other.

The Apollo 17 landing on the moon became the last Apollo mission.

People went to see “The Godfather” at the cinema.

Face to Face Take turns asking and answering questions. Have fun talking. Write her answers. 1

What famous burglary took place in 1972?

............................................

What was the world’s most popular car in 1972?

............................................

Do you know anyone who has attempted suicide? ............................................

Who was your childhood hero?

Why did Arab gunmen kill Israeli Olympic athletes? ............................................

Which countries have made biological weapons?

Are you concerned about world population growth? ............................................

What global issue are you interested in?

............................................

What is thalidomide?

............................................

If you visited China, what would you do?

............................................

Have you seen the movie, “The Godfather”?

............................................

What do you think of the US occupation of Japan? ............................................

What do you think of Beetle cars?

For what reasons can people claim compensation? ............................................

Do you like to play video games such as “Pong”?

............................................

Face to Face Take turns asking and answering questions. Have fun talking. Write her answers. 1

Who was the first US president ever to visit China? ............................................

Who sang “Ben” in 1972?

............................................

What effect would losing a parent have on you?

............................................

What do you think of Michael Jackson?

............................................

What were the Watergate burglaries about?

............................................

Do you think arms production is a necessary evil? ............................................

Are you concerned about the environment?

What can be done to slow down population growth? ............................................

What is smallpox?

............................................

If you visited Russia, what would you do?

............................................

What gangster movie is the best you have seen?

............................................

Do you think there is life beyond our solar system? ............................................

Why weren’t women allowed to run in marathons? ............................................

Do you know of anyone who has been expelled?

............................................

Do you like strategy games such as chess?

............................................

Ask your question to everyone in the class and record their answers below.

Draw a pie chart or a bar graph of your results.

Tell your group or class about your survey. 23

Research and Write Research one of the topics of 1972 below using the library or the Internet. Bloody Sunday

The Limits to Growth

Pioneer 10

The Stockholm Conference

The 1972 Munich Olympics

The Volkswagen Beetle

The Godfather

The Watergate Burglaries

Source: ........................................................................................................

1973 Vocabulary Matching

Match the words on the left to their definitions on the right. 1 abortion

.....

to use something in smaller amounts

2 classify

.....

an operation to end a pregnancy

3 cultural icon

.....

to put things into groups according to their types

4 cut back on

.....

group of plants or animals which can breed with one another

5 deny

.....

disagreement, especially involving work or between countries

6 disorder

.....

cause

7 dispute

.....

hopeful about the future

8 endangered

.....

a period when the economy of a country is not good

9 ethnic

.....

living things which people fear may cease to exist

10 export

.....

to send goods to another country

11 express

.....

a sequence of similar or related things

12 homosexuality

.....

the state of being attracted to someone of the same sex

13 image

.....

Japanese or Chinese forms of fighting or self-defense

14 involve

.....

a doctor who specializes in mental illnesses

15 kidnap

.....

show

16 luxurious

.....

expensive and comfortable

17 martial arts

.....

state when a person or group is in control of a country

18 minority

.....

to refuse, not admit, or say that something is not true

19 optimistic

.....

a person or image which has great cultural significance

20 psychiatrist

.....

the quality of being simple, uncomplicated or lacking in luxury

21 recession

.....

of a national, racial, religious or linguistic group

22 right

.....

difficult to deal with

23 rule

.....

too proud of oneself, especially concerning appearance

24 scandal

.....

a small group in a society which is different from the majority

25 series

.....

illness of the mind or body

26 set off

.....

an action or event that causes public shock and disapproval

27 simplicity

.....

☭

a picture in the mind or formed by a mirror or lens

28 species

.....

☮

freedom granted to people within a society

29 tough

.....

☺

to take a person away illegally and by force

30 vain

.....

☯

include or connect with

1973 Songs - Fluency Practice To access a listening exercise with short clips of the songs below, visit www.eflclub.com/music.html.

Listen and repeat. Then, without the textbook, try to repeat after your partner. “You’re So Vain” is a pop song written and sung by Carly Simon. The song is about a former lover of Simon who was rather vain. “Goodbye Yellow Brick Road” is a rock pop song sung by Elton John. “The Yellow Brick Road” is an image taken from the movie, “The Wizard of Oz”. The song is about giving up a luxurious lifestyle for one of simplicity. “My Love” is a rock song sung by Paul McCartney and Wings. McCartney wrote the love song to express his feelings for his wife, Linda. “Living for the City” is a rhythm and blues song written and sung by Stevie Wonder. This is an angry song about growing up poor and black in an American city. It is also about remaining optimistic even when times are tough.

This image is related to an event of 1973. Can you talk about it for one minute?

What happened in 1973? Say these sentences. 1

American participation in the Vietnam War officially ended.

Richard Nixon denied being involved in the Watergate scandal.

A recession started in Europe because of the high oil prices.

The Irish Republican Army set off a series of bombs across England.

Denmark, Ireland, and the UK joined the European Economic Community.

American psychiatrists stopped classifying homosexuality as a disorder.

Sears Tower overtook the World Trade Center as the tallest building in the world.

Chile came under military rule.

The Spanish prime minister was killed by a minority ethnic group.

“The Sting” and “The Exorcist” were popular movies.

.......................................................................................................

What happened in 1973? Listen. Write your partnerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sentences. 1 ....................................................................................................... 2 ....................................................................................................... 3 ....................................................................................................... 4 ....................................................................................................... 5 ....................................................................................................... 6 ....................................................................................................... 7 ....................................................................................................... 8 ....................................................................................................... 9 ....................................................................................................... 10

.......................................................................................................

Say these sentences. 1

Egypt and Syria attacked Israel.

Arab oil producing countries cut back their exports of oil.

Workers in the UK started to work just three days a week.

The United Kingdom and Iceland had a fishing dispute.

A law to protect endangered species was signed in the United States.

Abortion became a right for American women.

Sydney Opera House opened.

A South Korean politician and future Nobel Prize winner was kidnapped in Tokyo.

The worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s first handheld mobile phone call was made.

Martial arts expert, movie star, and cultural icon Bruce Lee died.

Face to Face Take turns asking and answering questions. Have fun talking. Write her answers. 1

What country did Egypt and Syria attack in 1973? ............................................

What became protected by law in 1973?

............................................

Which Hong Kong movie star died in 1973?

............................................

Who do you think is vain?

............................................

Do you usually express your feelings or hide them? ............................................

What is the price of oil now?

Which countries have had periods of military rule? ............................................

Which endangered species can you think of?

............................................

What do you think of opera?

............................................

Do you think homosexuality is a disorder?

............................................

What story involving kidnapping can you think of? ............................................

What minority ethnic groups live in your country? ............................................

What do you use your mobile phone for?

............................................

If you went to Sydney, what would you do?

............................................

Who is a cultural icon for people of your age?

............................................

Face to Face Take turns asking and answering questions. Have fun talking. Write her answers. 1

In which city was an opera house built in 1973?

............................................

What right was given to women in 1973?

............................................

Which country came under military rule in 1973?

............................................

Which lifestyle do you prefer, luxurious or simple? ............................................

Are you optimistic even when times are tough?

............................................

In a recession, what do you cut back on?

............................................

What did the Irish Republican Army want?

............................................

Which species are endangered in your country?

............................................

What do you think of fishing?

............................................

Do you think abortion should be a right for women? ............................................

What scandal has there been recently?

............................................

What kind of mobile phone do you have?

............................................

Which tall building do you like?

............................................

If you went to Egypt, what would you do?

............................................

Which martial arts do you like to watch?

............................................

Ask your question to everyone in the class and record their answers below.

Draw a pie chart or a bar graph of your results.

Tell your group or class about your survey. 31

Research and Write Research one of the topics of 1973 below using the library or the Internet. Augusto Pinochet

The Endangered Species Act

Bruce Lee

The History of Mobile Phones

Sydney Opera House

The Watergate Scandal

The 1973 Energy Crisis

The Yom Kippur War

Source: ........................................................................................................

1974 Vocabulary Matching

Match the words on the left to their definitions on the right. 1 adaptation

.....

the bones of a person or animal

2 billion

.....

conventional or learned at school

3 chanson

.....

a song that has the same title as the movie in which it appears

4 cube

.....

because of

5 cyclone

.....

to stop fighting and admit defeat

6 despite

.....

one thousand million, 1,000,000,000

7 destroy

.....

a type of music with a strong beat and originally from Jamaica

8 discover

.....

a solid object with six square sides

9 due to

.....

of an earlier time

10 famine

.....

a period when there is little food for many people in one region

11 formal

.....

a book, song or artistic work which is based on another

12 former

.....

to give up a job or position by telling your employer

13 inflation

.....

able to perceive information hidden from the normal senses

14 invent

.....

a dangerous wind which is shaped like an upside-down cone

15 nation

.....

in some countries, the group of politicians who make the laws

16 parliament

.....

an extremely large natural object which moves around a star

17 planet

.....

a general increase in the prices of things

18 psychic

.....

a tropical storm such as a hurricane or typhoon

19 radical

.....

the answer to a problem

20 refuse

.....

country

21 reggae

.....

to damage something very badly and beyond repair

22 replica

.....

to find something, especially for the first time

23 resign

.....

a classic French song or ballad

24 skeleton

.....

to create something for the first time

25 solution

.....

to try something to see if it is safe or works correctly

26 succeed

.....

to not allow

27 surrender

.....

☭

fundamental or extreme

28 test

.....

☮

to take over a job or position after someone else

29 title song

.....

☺

an exact or very accurate copy of something

30 tornado

.....

☯

without taking notice of or being influenced by

1974 Songs - Fluency Practice To access a listening exercise with short clips of the songs below, visit www.eflclub.com/music.html.

Listen and repeat. Then, without the textbook, try to repeat after your partner. “Until You Come Back to Me” is a soul song sung by Aretha Franklin. The song is about a person who refuses to give up hope about a former partner. “The Way We Were” is the title song of a 1973 movie staring Barbra Streisand. The movie is about a couple who fall in love despite their radical differences. The song is about the fond memories that the couple shared together. “No Woman, No Cry” is a reggae song by Bob Marley & The Wailers. This Jamaican title would mean “Lady, Please Don’t Cry” in formal English. “Seasons in the Sun” is an English language adaptation of a 1961 Belgian chanson. The 1974 version of the song was a worldwide hit for Terry Jacks. It is about a dying person who says farewell to his family and friends.

This image is related to an event of 1974. Can you talk about it for one minute?

What happened in 1974? Say these sentences. 1

A million people lost their lives due to famine in Bangladesh.

President Nixon was forced to resign because of the Watergate scandal.

Inflation became a problem around the world.

The Irish Republican Army bombed the Houses of Parliament in London.

The United States was hit by a series of tornadoes.

A human-like skeleton over three million years old was discovered in Ethiopia.

Barcodes started to be used for items sold in stores.

West Germany won the Football World Cup in Munich.

Stephen King wrote about a girl with psychic powers, his first successful novel.

The worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s population reached four billion.

.......................................................................................................

What happened in 1974? Listen. Write your partner’s sentences. 1 ....................................................................................................... 2 ....................................................................................................... 3 ....................................................................................................... 4 ....................................................................................................... 5 ....................................................................................................... 6 ....................................................................................................... 7 ....................................................................................................... 8 ....................................................................................................... 9 ....................................................................................................... 10

.......................................................................................................

Say these sentences. 1

Twenty thousand people lost their lives in a smallpox outbreak in India.

Vice President Gerald Ford succeeded Richard Nixon as president.

The recession in many countries only deepened.

India became the world’s sixth nation to test a nuclear weapon.

Cyclone Tracy almost completely destroyed an Australian city.

A life-sized army of replica soldiers was discovered in China.

Rubik’s cube was invented.

Muhammad Ali regained the world heavyweight boxing title in Zaire.

Agatha Christie’s “Murder on the Orient Express” was on at the cinema.

The last Japanese World War II soldiers surrendered in the jungle.

Face to Face Take turns asking and answering questions. Have fun talking. Write her answers. 1

Which scandal forced Nixon to resign in 1974?

............................................

What was discovered in China in 1974?

............................................

Which Asian nation had a famine in 1974?

............................................

What are some solutions to the famine problem?

............................................

How many people can live on planet Earth?

............................................

Which countries have tested nuclear weapons?

............................................

Who has resigned in your country recently?

............................................

Who or what was Tracy?

............................................

For how long could you live wild in the jungle?

............................................

Have you ever seen a skeleton?

............................................

Which do you like better, horror or mystery?

............................................

Do you believe people can have psychic powers?

............................................

What do you think of reggae?

............................................

Do you have fond memories of a former partner?

............................................

If you visited London, what would you do?

............................................

Face to Face Take turns asking and answering questions. Have fun talking. Write her answers. 1

Who succeeded Nixon as US president in 1974?

............................................

Which Asian nation tested a nuclear bomb in 1974? ............................................

What are some causes of famine?

............................................

What was the population of the world in 1974?

............................................

How can human population be controlled?

............................................

Which countries want to test nuclear weapons?

............................................

Who or what was Lucy?

............................................

Which discovery of 1974 is interesting for you?

............................................

What would you do to survive in the jungle?

............................................

What replica products do you own?

............................................

Do you prefer Stephen King to Agatha Christie?

............................................

Have you ever tried to solve a Rubikâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s cube puzzle? ............................................

Do you like chansons?

Could you love someone radically different to you? ............................................

If you visited Munich, what would you do?

............................................

Ask your question to everyone in the class and record their answers below.

Draw a pie chart or a bar graph of your results.

Tell your group or class about your survey. 39

Research and Write Research one of the topics of 1974 below using the library or the Internet. Jamaican English

The History of Nuclear Weapons

Lucy, an Early Human Ancestor

The Resignation of Richard Nixon

The 1974 Bangladeshi Famine

The Rumble in the Jungle

The 1974 Football World Cup

The Terracotta Army of Qin Shi Huang

Source: ........................................................................................................

1975 Vocabulary Matching

Match the words on the left to their definitions on the right. 1 abuse

.....

someone who is in the same class as you

2 adore

.....

to connect with

3 assassinate

.....

the greatest that has ever been achieved

4 avoid

.....

to start a company or bring something into existence

5 canal

.....

a person who is hiding from the police or dangerous situation

6 capture

.....

bad behaviour or rude speech, behave badly or speak rudely

7 CIA

.....

military forces such as the army, navy and air force

8 classmate

.....

to catch a person that is wanted by the police

9 dam

.....

a person who controls a country unfairly and by force

10 delegate

.....

to not succeed or to stop working completely

11 dictator

.....

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

12 fail

.....

a woman who will receive a lot of money after a person dies

13 forces

.....

not returned or felt the same way by the other person

14 found

.....

a way of buying goods from a catalogue which arrive by post

15 founder

.....

something that you do regularly and often

16 fugitive

.....

Irish Republican Army; a group of Irish nationalists

17 general

.....

a man-made river

18 grain

.....

to try not to do something or make something not happen

19 habit

.....

to delay an activity or event until a later time or date

20 heiress

.....

to love very much

21 IRA

.....

the person who starts a company or organization

22 link up

.....

by way of, or by means of

23 mail order

.....

a US organization which collects data on other countries

24 moment

.....

to make something known to the public through writing

25 OPEC

.....

a high ranking military leader

26 publish

.....

seed which is used as a source of food

27 put off

.....

☭

a wall built across a river to stop the flow of water

28 record

.....

☮

a person who is chosen to speak at a meeting or conference

29 unrequited

.....

☺

to kill someone who is famous or important

30 via

.....

☯

a short period of time

1975 Songs - Fluency Practice To access a listening exercise with short clips of the songs below, visit www.eflclub.com/music.html.

Listen and repeat. Then, without the textbook, try to repeat after your partner. “I’m not in Love” is a rock song sung by 10cc. The singer of this song tries unsuccessfully to deny that he is in love. “S.O.S” is a pop song sung by Swedish group ABBA. The song is about a relationship that has ended. The members of ABBA were two married couples whose relationships also ended. “My Eyes Adored You” is a pop song sung by Frankie Valli. It is about the unrequited love that the singer felt for a former classmate. “One of These Nights” is a country rock song sung by The Eagles. The Eagles were one of the most successful bands of the seventies. The song is about the habit of putting things off until a later moment.

This photo was taken in 1975. Can you talk about it for one minute?

What happened in 1975? Say these sentences. 1

The Vietnam War ended after communist forces took control of Saigon.

The Suez Canal reopened for the first time in eight years.

The IRA assassinated one of the founders of the Guinness Book of Records.

Spanish military general and dictator Franco died in Madrid.

Inflation in the UK reached twenty-five percent.

Fugitive Carlos the Jackal kidnapped OPEC delegates in Vienna.

Microsoft was founded by Bill Gates.

Russian and American spacecrafts linked up in space for the first time.

A Japanese mountaineer became the first woman to climb Mt. Everest.

“Murder on the Orient Express” was a popular mystery movie.

.......................................................................................................

What happened in 1975? Listen. Write your partner’s sentences. 1 ....................................................................................................... 2 ....................................................................................................... 3 ....................................................................................................... 4 ....................................................................................................... 5 ....................................................................................................... 6 ....................................................................................................... 7 ....................................................................................................... 8 ....................................................................................................... 9 ....................................................................................................... 10

.......................................................................................................

Say these sentences. 1

A communist army took control of Cambodia.

200,000 people died after a dam failed in China.

A report was published about CIA abuses in the United States.

The king of Saudi Arabia was assassinated.

New York City almost went bankrupt.

An American newspaper heiress and fugitive was captured.

The first microcomputers went on sale via mail order.

The Soviet Union bought grain from the US to avoid a famine.

Muhammad Ali became world heavyweight boxing champion in Manila.

“Jaws” was a popular thriller movie.

Face to Face Take turns asking and answering questions. Have fun talking. Write her answers. 1

Which war ended in 1975?

............................................

Which military general and dictator died in 1975? ............................................

Which software company was founded in 1975?

............................................

Who is the founder of Microsoft?

............................................

What kind of computer do you own or use?

............................................

Do you ever buy things via mail order?

............................................

Which famous people have been assassinated?

............................................

What does IRA stand for?

............................................

What is the price of oil now?

............................................

Is there a dam or a canal near where you live?

............................................

If you went to New York, what would you do?

............................................

Have you ever experienced unrequited love?

............................................

Did you ever adore a classmate?

............................................

What do you put off doing until a later moment?

............................................

What is a good habit that you have?

............................................

Face to Face Take turns asking and answering questions. Have fun talking. Write her answers. 1

Which canal reopened in 1975?

............................................

Which countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s king was assassinated in 1975?

............................................

Which movie about a shark was made in 1975?

............................................

Which Microsoft products do you use?

............................................

Do you read a newspaper, and if so, which one?

............................................

What does the CIA do?

............................................

What does OPEC stand for?

............................................

What is the inflation rate for your country now?

............................................

Which kind of companies may go bankrupt soon?

............................................

What is the highest mountain you have climbed?

............................................

If you went to Vienna, what would you do?

............................................

What types and contexts of abuse are there?

............................................

Which do you prefer, mystery or thrillers?

............................................

Would you like to attend a boxing match?

............................................

What bad habit do you have?

............................................

Ask your question to everyone in the class and record their answers below.

Draw a pie chart or a bar graph of your results.

Tell your group or class about your survey. 47

Research and Write Research one of the topics of 1975 below using the library or the Internet. Bill Gates

Patty Hearst

Faisal of Saudi Arabia

Pol Pot

Francisco Franco

The Thriller in Manila

Jaws

The Vietnam War

Source: ........................................................................................................

1976 Vocabulary Matching

Match the words on the left to their definitions on the right. 1 attend

.....

the surroundings or conditions one lives in

2 billionaire

.....

very strange or different

3 boycott

.....

a feeling of sadness about issues such as love and death

4 broken heart

.....

a person who is taken as a prisoner to exchange for a demand

5 burn

.....

a gas used in fridges and aerosols which also destroys ozone

6 CFC

.....

a legal relationship of a man and woman as husband and wife

7 damage

.....

a special event such as a music performance

8 eccentric

.....

a type of fast, loud music which is deliberately offensive

9 education

.....

a person who is very good at gymnastics

10 environment

.....

to encourage the sale of something

11 explode

.....

to cause harm or spoil something

12 festival

.....

a very rich person whose wealth is at least one billion dollars

13 Formula 1

.....

origins

14 growth

.....

to hurt or damage as a result of fire or strong heat

15 gymnast

.....

to make someone happy by giving them what they need

16 gymnastics

.....

a noisy and violent public protest or demonstration

17 hostage

.....

a person who kills people one at a time over a period of time

18 Mao Zedong

.....

to be present at

19 marriage

.....

to refuse to take part in something as a way of protesting

20 Palestinian

.....

to cause something to break up violently into small pieces

21 product

.....

the knowledge one gets at school

22 promote

.....

to increase

23 punk rock

.....

an Arab person whose roots are in Palestine, now Israel

24 raise

.....

a popular form of single seat world car racing

25 riot

.....

something which is made to be sold

26 roots

.....

a sport which involves displaying one’s balance and strength

27 satisfy

.....

☭

in every part or for all of the time

28 serial killer

.....

☮

a Chinese communist leader

29 suffer

.....

☺

the process of increasing in size, number, or amount

30 throughout

.....

☯

to experience something bad

1976 Songs - Fluency Practice To access a listening exercise with short clips of the songs below, visit www.eflclub.com/music.html.

Listen and repeat. Then, without the textbook, try to repeat after your partner. “Don’t Go Breaking My Heart” is a duet by Elton John and Kiki Dee. The song was a number-one hit throughout the world. “Love Hurts” is a rock ballad sung by heavy metal band, Nazareth. This song reached number one in Canada, the Netherlands and Norway. “Tonight’s the Night” is a song written and sung by Rod Stewart. Stewart’s Swedish girlfriend sang some of the words. Some radio stations in the UK refused to play the song. “Bohemian Rhapsody” was written and sung by rock band, Queen. The song is a mixture of ballad, opera, and rock. The music video to promote the song was one of the first of its kind.

This photo was taken in 1976. Can you talk about it for one minute?

What happened in 1976? Say these sentences. 1

An earthquake in China killed over two hundred thousand people.

Hundreds of students were killed in education protests in South Africa.

Scientists warned that CFCs were damaging the environment.

There were riots at a music festival in London.

An eccentric American billionaire died.

Concorde started regular flights between Europe and the United States.

India tried to slow population growth by raising the age of marriage.

Twenty-eight African countries boycotted the Summer Olympics in Montreal.

An Austrian Formula 1 champion suffered serious burns in a race in Germany.

The first punk rock groups started playing in England and America.

.......................................................................................................

What happened in 1976? Listen. Write your partner’s sentences. 1 ....................................................................................................... 2 ....................................................................................................... 3 ....................................................................................................... 4 ....................................................................................................... 5 ....................................................................................................... 6 ....................................................................................................... 7 ....................................................................................................... 8 ....................................................................................................... 9 ....................................................................................................... 10

.......................................................................................................

Say these sentences. 1

An earthquake in Central America killed over twenty thousand people.

Israeli soldiers released hostages from an airplane held by Palestinians.

A NASA spacecraft landed on Mars and sent back photos to Earth.

The IRA exploded twelve bombs in one day in West London.

The founder of the Chinese Communist Party, Mao Zedong, died.

Apple Computer was founded.

A serial killer caused panic in the streets of New York.

A Romanian gymnast won three gold medals with seven perfect scores.

An African American wrote a famous novel about his family roots.

“Rocky” was a popular movie.

Face to Face Take turns asking and answering questions. Have fun talking. Write her answers. 1

Which communist leader died in 1976?

............................................

Where were hundreds of students killed in 1976?

............................................

Do you think that there is life on Mars?

............................................

Are you satisfied with your education?

............................................

Is population growth a serious world problem?

............................................

What news story about hostages do you know?

............................................

What are CFCs and what do they damage?

............................................

At what age can people marry in your country?

............................................

What do you think of Formula 1 car racing?

............................................

Have you ever attended a music festival?

............................................

Which do you like better, punk or heavy metal?

............................................

Have you seen any of the Rocky movies?

............................................

Which Apple products do you use?

............................................

Who do you think is eccentric?

............................................

Do you like gymnastics?

............................................

Face to Face Take turns asking and answering questions. Have fun talking. Write her answers. 1

Where were the 1976 Summer Olympics held?

............................................

Where did a NASA spacecraft land in 1976?

............................................

Have you ever seen Mars?

............................................

Have you ever had a perfect score for anything?

............................................

What can be done to slow world population growth? ............................................

What news story about hostages do you know?

............................................

How is the environment being damaged?

............................................

How many children do you think you will have?

............................................

Have you ever burned yourself? (How?)

............................................

What are the dangers of music festivals?

............................................

What do you think of punk rock?

............................................

Which sports movie do you like?

............................................

Which billionaires can you think of?

............................................

Which Olympic sports event do you like best?

............................................

Have you ever had a broken heart?

............................................

Ask your question to everyone in the class and record their answers below.

Draw a pie chart or a bar graph of your results.

Tell your group or class about your survey. 55

Research and Write Research one of the topics of 1976 below using the library or the Internet. Howard Hughes

Rocky

Mao Zedong

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Rootsâ&#x20AC;? by Alex Haley

Nadia Comaneci

The 1976 Mission to Mars

Operation Entebbe

The Soweto Uprising

Source: ........................................................................................................

1977 Vocabulary Matching

Match the words on the left to their definitions on the right. 1 American Dream

.....

a relating to a king or queen or members of their family

2 amnesty

.....

b poor judgement about language or what should be appropriate

3 anger

.....

c to stop being angry at someone because of what they did

4 anniversary

.....

d punishment by death

5 bad taste

.....

e a world police organization which fights international crime

6 capital punishment .....

a device specifically designed for chopping a person’s head off

7 consider

.....

g a period of ten years

8 decade

.....

h a group of soldiers who are ordered to shoot and kill a prisoner

9 democratic

.....

a type of music which people often danced to in the 1970s

10 disco

.....

not legal, not allowed by law

11 elect

.....

k a kind of dance music of the 1950s which had a loud beat

12 election

.....

13 eradicate

.....

m the day when an important event happened in a previous year

14 execute

.....

n to kill as a punishment

15 firing squad

.....

o a vehicle or aircraft which travels between two places

16 forgive

.....

p fair and based on the principles of democracy

17 GPS

.....

q to believe to be

18 greedy

.....

19 guillotine

.....

s to choose a person for a job by voting

20 homelessness

.....

21 hopelessness

.....

u the basic rights that all people should have

22 huge

.....

v a time when many people choose a person for a job

23 human rights

.....

w global positioning system, which locates your exact position

24 illegal

.....

x one of six yearly international prizes given for great work

25 Interpol

.....

y the condition of having no home

26 Nobel Prize

.....

z the belief that anyone can be rich and happy if they work hard

27 organization

.....

☭ wanting more money, food or things than you need

28 rock and roll

.....

☮ a decision by a government to allow prisoners be free

29 royal

.....

☺ the condition of having no hope

30 shuttle

.....

☯ the condition of being angry

to get rid of completely

a group of people who work together for a shared purpose

very big

1977 Songs - Fluency Practice To access a listening exercise with short clips of the songs below, visit www.eflclub.com/music.html.

Listen and repeat. Then, without the textbook, try to repeat after your partner. “Dancing Queen” is a disco pop song sung by ABBA. The song is about a young girl having fun while dancing at a disco. It was a huge hit throughout the world. “Hotel California” is a rock song sung by The Eagles. The song is about greedy lifestyles and the American Dream. “Don’t Leave Me This Way” is a disco soul song sung by Thelma Houston. The song is about the effect of breaking up with a partner. “God Save the Queen” is a punk rock song sung by The Sex Pistols. The song expressed the anger and hopelessness of young people at the time. TV and radio stations in the UK considered the song bad taste and refused to play it.

This photo was taken in 1977. Can you talk about it for one minute?

What happened in 1977? Say these sentences. 1

Smallpox was eradicated from the world.

Jimmy Carter was elected president of the United States.

President Carter forgave people who had avoided going to war in Vietnam.

A NASA space shuttle made its first free flight in space.

An oil pipeline in Alaska was completed.

In the United States, a man was executed by firing squad.

A serial killer was captured in New York City.

British people celebrated Queen Elizabeth’s 25th wedding anniversary.

Human rights organization Amnesty International won the Nobel Peace Prize.

“Star Wars” was on at the cinema.

.......................................................................................................

What happened in 1977? Listen. Write your partnerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sentences. 1 ....................................................................................................... 2 ....................................................................................................... 3 ....................................................................................................... 4 ....................................................................................................... 5 ....................................................................................................... 6 ....................................................................................................... 7 ....................................................................................................... 8 ....................................................................................................... 9 ....................................................................................................... 10

.......................................................................................................

Say these sentences. 1

A cyclone in India killed 20,000 people and left over three million homeless.

Spain had its first fair and democratic elections in over four decades.

Rock and roll singer Elvis Presley died.

The United States started to use GPS for defence purposes.

Egypt became the first Arab nation to recognize Israel.

In France, the guillotine was used for the last time.

New York City had no electricity for twenty-five hours.

Punk rock bands and fashion became popular among young people.

Portugal allowed childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s family names to come from the mother, too.

Interpol warned people against making illegal copies of video tapes.

Face to Face Take turns asking and answering questions. Have fun talking. Write her answers. 1

Which sickness was eradicated in 1977?

............................................

Where was the guillotine used until 1977?

............................................

Which sickness do you want eradicated?

............................................

What are the causes of homelessness?

............................................

Would you forgive someone who avoided war?

............................................

Are your countries elections fair and democratic?

............................................

Which would you prefer, guillotine or firing squad? ............................................

What do you think should happen to serial killers? ............................................

What kind of things make you angry?

............................................

Do you like to celebrate royal events?

............................................

What does the American Dream mean to you?

............................................

Who do you know who has a greedy lifestyle?

............................................

What do you think of punk rock?

............................................

Do you ever use a GPS?

............................................

What do you think of Star Wars?

............................................

Face to Face Take turns asking and answering questions. Have fun talking. Write her answers. 1

Which organization won a Nobel Prize in 1977?

............................................

Which rock and roll singer died in 1977?

............................................

How many people are homeless in your country?

............................................

How can homelessness be eradicated?

............................................

Is there a person whom you can never forgive?

............................................

Which countries do not have democratic elections? ............................................

What do you think of capital punishment?

What human rights story are you concerned about? ............................................

Have you ever had no electricity for a while?

How many years have your parents been married? ............................................

What family name will you use for your children? ............................................

From where does your country get its oil?

............................................

Which do you prefer, disco or rock and roll?

............................................

Would you like to experience flying in space?

............................................

What do you think of copying movies illegally?

............................................

Ask your question to everyone in the class and record their answers below.

Draw a pie chart or a bar graph of your results.

Tell your group or class about your survey. 63

Research and Write Research one of the topics of 1977 below using the library or the Internet. Elvis Presley

Space Shuttle Enterprise

Jimmy Carter

Star Wars

Punk Rock

The Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II

Smallpox

The Vietnam War Draft Dodgers

Source: ........................................................................................................

1978 Vocabulary Matching

Match the words on the left to their definitions on the right. 1 aerosol

.....

a person who publicly criticizes his or her government

2 Atlantic

.....

a person who is kept in a prison as a punishment

3 citizen

.....

in vitro fertilization, an artificial way of becoming pregnant

4 conceive

.....

a nuclear bomb which kills people without damaging buildings

5 crisis

.....

someone who has been hurt or killed by a person or thing

6 development

.....

good points and bad points

7 dissident

.....

to break or act against an agreement or law

8 divorce

.....

light rock music with a soft beat

9 ecology

.....

the music which is played as part of a movie

10 flood

.....

to abolish or eliminate

11 hot-air balloon

.....

a punishment for breaking a law

12 Israeli

.....

a large bag of heated air with a basket below for people to ride

13 IVF

.....

a situation that has reached a very dangerous point

14 lift (a ban)

.....

become pregnant, imagine, or invent

15 market economy .....

the relationship between living things and their environment

16 neutron bomb

.....

a layer of air in the atmosphere which helps to block UV light

17 ozone layer

.....

a legal member of a country

18 penalty

.....

the ocean between the Americas, Europe and Africa

19 poison

.....

the crime of having sex with a person without prior agreement

20 power ballad

.....

a system in which buyers and sellers negotiate prices freely

21 prime minister

.....

a legal agreement to end a marriage

22 prisoner

.....

medical care

23 pros and cons

.....

something which is harmful and may kill if eaten or drunk

24 rape

.....

an emotional rock song delivered with a powerful voice

25 shah

.....

the leader of a government similar to that of the UK

26 soft rock

.....

a person from Israel

27 soundtrack

.....

☭

a large amount of water that covers land which is normally dry

28 treatment

.....

☮

a metal container which contains pressurized spray liquid

29 victim

.....

☺

the ruler of Iran in the past

30 violate

.....

☯

when something grows, changes or becomes more advanced

1978 Songs - Fluency Practice To access a listening exercise with short clips of the songs below, visit www.eflclub.com/music.html.

Listen and repeat. Then, without the textbook, try to repeat after your partner. “How Deep Is Your Love” is a soft rock song recorded by the Bee Gees. The song was part of the soundtrack to the movie “Saturday Night Fever”. “Just the Way You Are” is a soft rock love song sung by Billy Joel. It was written as a birthday gift for his first wife, Elizabeth. After the divorce, Joel sang jokingly, “She took the dog, the house, the car”. “With a Little Luck” is a rock song sung by the band Wings. It was written by Paul McCartney during the time his wife was expecting a child. “We Are the Champions” is a power ballad sung by UK rock band Queen. Freddie Mercury wrote the song while thinking about football. It is often played at victory celebrations by sports teams, especially in the US.

This photo was taken in 1978. Can you talk about it for one minute?

What happened in 1978? Say these sentences. 1

An Israeli and an Egyptian shared the Nobel Peace Prize.

Two million people were left homeless in India after heavy rain and floods.

China introduced a one-child policy to try to control population.

Chinaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s new leader helped to change the country to a market economy.

A huge oil spill caused serious ecological damage in France.

The US banned CFCs in aerosol sprays because of damage to the ozone layer.

A former prime minister of Italy was kidnapped and killed.

The UK violated the human rights of prisoners in Northern Ireland.

Three people crossed the Atlantic Ocean in a hot air balloon.

Argentina won the Football World Cup.

.......................................................................................................

What happened in 1978? Listen. Write your partner’s sentences. 1 ....................................................................................................... 2 ....................................................................................................... 3 ....................................................................................................... 4 ....................................................................................................... 5 ....................................................................................................... 6 ....................................................................................................... 7 ....................................................................................................... 8 ....................................................................................................... 9 ....................................................................................................... 10

.......................................................................................................

Say these sentences. 1

President Jimmy Carter postponed neutron bomb development.

Two million people protested against the Shah of Iran.

The world’s first baby to be conceived by IVF was born.

China lifted a ban on books by Aristotle, Dickens and Shakespeare.

Japanese economy cars became popular as a result of the energy crisis.

The US banned selling computer technology to the Soviet Union.

A Bulgarian dissident writer was killed by a poisoned umbrella.

A famous movie director fled to France after raping a 13-year-old girl.

The United States allowed its citizens to make their own beer.

The popular video game “Space Invaders” was released.

Face to Face Take turns asking and answering questions. Have fun talking. Write her answers. 1

Where did people protest against a shah in 1978? ............................................

Who won the Football World Cup in 1978?

Which nation introduced a one-child policy in 1978? ............................................

If you had to, would you consider IVF treatment?

What ecological damage happens in your country? ............................................

What books are banned in your country?

............................................

Which famous people have been kidnapped?

............................................

What is the penalty for rape in your country?

............................................

Which country violates human rights of its citizens? ............................................

Have you ever read Shakespeare, or Dickens?

............................................

Who is your favorite writer and why?

............................................

Have you ever played Space Invaders?

............................................

Would you like to fly in a hot air balloon?

............................................

What are some common reasons for divorce?

............................................

If you went to China, what would you do?

............................................

Face to Face Take turns asking and answering questions. Have fun talking. Write her answers. 1

Who postponed the neutron bomb in 1978?

What were CFCs from aerosols damaging in 1978? ............................................

What are the pros and cons of a one-child policy? ............................................

How many children is the best number for you?

............................................

What are some causes of ecological damage?

............................................

Which country is experiencing a crisis these days? ............................................

What do you think of your prime minister?

............................................

How can a woman avoid being a rape victim?

............................................

Which would you study, ecology or human rights? ............................................

Would you like to make your own beer some day? ............................................

Which book, if any, would you like to ban?

............................................

What video games do you like to play?

............................................

What type of economy car do you like?

............................................

Do you know anyone who is divorced?

............................................

If you went to Argentina, what would you do?

............................................

Ask your question to everyone in the class and record their answers below.

Draw a pie chart or a bar graph of your results.

Tell your group or class about your survey. 71

Research and Write Research one of the topics of 1978 below using the library or the Internet. Banned Books

In Vitro Fertilization

Chinaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s One-Child Policy

The 1978 FIFA World Cup

Deng Xiaoping

The 1978 Nobel Peace Prize

Georgi Markov

The Ozone Layer

Source: ........................................................................................................

1979 Vocabulary Matching

Match the words on the left to their definitions on the right. 1 abolish

..... a United Nations Children’s Fund

2 accident

..... b hitting a person in order to change behaviour

3 accuse

..... c cheap food that is prepared and served quickly

4 anthem

..... d to travel to and from school or work

5 classic

..... e a music genre with a strong rhythm and spoken words

6 corporal punishment ..... f a powerful illegal drug which is extremely addictive 7 die out

..... g a person that you do not know

8 diplomatic relations

..... h a creation of high quality

9 domestic

..... i relating to home or country

10 donate

..... j a building for representatives of a foreign country

11 embassy

..... k to give money or goods to help a person or group

12 establish

..... l to continue to live or exist

13 fast food

..... m a place where people drink and dance until late at night

14 commute

..... n a system of having a king, queen, emperor or royal leader

15 gay

..... o a sudden or unexpected event that causes harm or injury

16 heroin

..... p attracted to people of the same sex as oneself

17 hip hop

..... q something which has come out of its container by mistake

18 justify

..... r a song which has a special meaning for a group of people

19 monarchy

..... s the act of taking credit for someone else’s work

20 nightclub

..... t money paid to the creator of an original piece of work

21 overdose

..... u to become less common and eventually disappear

22 plagiarism

..... v to say that a person has done something wrong

23 policy

..... w to officially end a custom or activity

24 rap

..... x a formal agreement between two or more countries

25 royalties

..... y a lifestyle that includes rap, break dancing and graffiti art

26 spill

..... z to give a good reason for

27 stranger

..... ☭ a system of having representatives in each other’s country

28 survive

..... ☮ when too much of a drug is taken at one time

29 treaty

..... ☺ an established practice or plan of what to do

30 UNICEF

..... ☯ to bring about or make happen

1979 Songs - Fluency Practice To access a listening exercise with short clips of the songs below, visit www.eflclub.com/music.html.

Listen and repeat. Then, without the textbook, try to repeat after your partner. “I Will Survive” is a disco soul song sung by Gloria Gaynor. It is about remaining strong after the end of a bad relationship. “Reunited” is a soul R&B song sung by Peaches and Herb. The song is about two lovers getting back together again. “Do Ya Think I’m Sexy?” is a disco pop song sung by Rod Stewart. It is about two strangers who meet at a nightclub and spend the night together. After being accused of plagiarism, Stewart donated his royalties to UNICEF. “Y.M.C.A” is a disco song sung by the Village People. Y.M.C.A. stands for “Young Men’s Christian Association”, a place for men to stay. The song is both a disco classic and a gay anthem.

This photo was taken in 1979. Can you talk about it for one minute?

What happened in 1979? Say these sentences. 1

Pol Pot fled into the jungle as Vietnam invaded Cambodia.

The United States and the Soviet Union agreed to limit their weapons.

Egypt and Israel signed a peace treaty.

American citizens were taken hostage at the American Embassy in Tehran.

A fire broke out at a nuclear power plant in the United States.

Price increases because of the oil crisis led to panic buying in the shops.

Margaret Thatcher became the prime minister of the United Kingdom.

McDonaldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s introduced the Happy Meal for children.

The first international snowboarding competition was held.

Sid Vicious of the Sex Pistols died of a heroin overdose.

.......................................................................................................

What happened in 1979? Listen. Write your partnerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sentences. 1 ....................................................................................................... 2 ....................................................................................................... 3 ....................................................................................................... 4 ....................................................................................................... 5 ....................................................................................................... 6 ....................................................................................................... 7 ....................................................................................................... 8 ....................................................................................................... 9 ....................................................................................................... 10

.......................................................................................................

Say these sentences. 1

The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan.

The United States and China established full diplomatic relations.

Iran abolished the monarchy and became an Islamic republic.

Saddam Hussein became president of Iraq.

A huge oil spill occurred in the Gulf of Mexico.

Sweden banned domestic corporal punishment.

The Irish Republican Army killed a member of the British royal family.

The Sony Walkman became popular, especially among commuters.

Students in England started the modern sport of bungee jumping.

Hip hop and rap music became popular as disco died out.

Face to Face Take turns asking and answering questions. Have fun talking. Write her answers. 1

Which country invaded Cambodia in 1979?

Which two countries signed a peace treaty in 1979? ............................................

Who became prime minister of the UK in 1979?

............................................

What are the pros and cons of a monarchy?

............................................

Is nuclear power good or bad for the environment? ............................................

Do you think it is okay for a parent to hit a child?

............................................

What is your school policy on plagiarism?

............................................

Which is worse, an oil spill or a nuclear accident?

............................................

Do you carry a portable music player?

............................................

Have you noticed any price increases recently?

............................................

How often do you eat fast food such as McDonald’s ............................................

Would you like to do a bungee jump some day?

............................................

Do you like the Sex Pistols?

............................................

Is a nightclub a good place to meet people?

............................................

Have you ever sung and danced to “Y.M.CA.”?

............................................

Face to Face Take turns asking and answering questions. Have fun talking. Write her answers. 1

Which country did the Soviet Union invade in 1979? ............................................

Which punk musician died of an overdose in 1979? ............................................

Who became president of Iraq in 1979?

Who is your countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s prime minister or president? ............................................

What is your opinion about nuclear power?

............................................

Can corporal punishment ever be justified?

............................................

Why do some students plagiarize?

............................................

Which is worse, punk or disco?

............................................

What do you do while commuting to school?

............................................

Have you ever seen panic buying?

............................................

What do you think of Happy Meals?

............................................

Can you ski or snowboard?

............................................

What do you think of hip hop?

............................................

Which people have died of an overdose?

............................................

Do you think Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m sexy?

............................................

Ask your question to everyone in the class and record their answers below.

Draw a pie chart or a bar graph of your results.

Tell your group or class about your survey. 79

Research and Write Research one of the topics of 1979 below using the library or the Internet. Hip Hop

The Iran Hostage Crisis

Margaret Thatcher

The Killing Fields

Snowboarding

The Sex Pistols

The 1979 Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty

The Soviet War in Afghanistan

Source: ........................................................................................................

The Seventies Dictionary

☭

hammer and sickle

☮

peace

☺

smiley

☯

yin and yang

abandon

to leave forever, or to stop something in progress

abolish

to officially end a custom or activity

abortion

an operation to end a pregnancy

abuse

bad behaviour or rude speech, behave badly or speak rudely

accident

a sudden or unexpected event that causes harm or injury

accuse

to say that a person has done something wrong

adaptation

a book, song or artistic work which is based on another

adore

to love very much

advertising

the business of trying to persuade people to buy something

aerosol

a metal container which contains pressurized spray liquid

American Dream

the belief that anyone can be rich and happy if they work hard

amnesty

a decision by a government to allow prisoners be free

anger

the condition of being angry

anniversary

the day when an important event happened in a previous year

anthem

a song which has a special meaning for a group of people

anti-war

against a particular war or all wars

arms

weapons

assassinate

to kill someone who is famous or important

Atlantic

the ocean between the Americas, Europe and Africa

attempt

to try to do something

attend

to be present at

avoid

to try not to do something or make something not happen

bad taste

poor judgement about language or what should be appropriate

ballad

a slow form of popular love song

ban

to not allow officially

bankrupt

a legal term for being unable to pay what you owe

billion

one thousand million, 1,000,000,000

billionaire

a very rich person whose wealth is at least one billion dollars

biological

relating to living things

boycott

to refuse to take part in something as a way of protesting

break up

to end a relationship

broken heart

a feeling of sadness about issues such as love and death

burglary

the crime of entering a building to steal something

burn

to hurt or damage as a result of fire or strong heat

calculator

a small electronic instrument for doing calculations

canal

a man-made river

capital punishment

punishment by death

capture

to catch a person that is wanted by the police

CFC

a gas used in fridges and aerosols which also destroys ozone

chanson

a classic French song or ballad

chess

a two-person strategy board game played with 16 pieces each

cholera

a serious bacterial infection of the intestines

CIA

a US organization which collects data on other countries

cigarette

a thin paper tube of tobacco that people smoke

citizen

a legal member of a country

civil rights

the rights of everyone in a society

classic

a creation of high quality

classify

to put things into groups according to their types

classmate

someone who is in the same class as you

colony

a country controlled by a more powerful country

commit

to do something that is considered wrong

communist

a supporter of the politics or economics of Karl Marx

compensation

money received for the loss or damage of something

compose

to write music

conceive

become pregnant, imagine, or invent

concern

worry

Concorde

a passenger airplane which flew faster than the speed of sound

conference

a meeting or event with talks about a specific subject

consider

to believe to be

construction

the act of building something

contest

to compete for

corporal punishment

hitting a person in order to change behaviour

crisis

a situation that has reached a very dangerous point

cube

a solid object with six square sides

cultural icon

an image which has great cultural significance to many people

currency

the money used within a particular region

cut back

to use something in smaller amounts

cyclone

a tropical storm such as a hurricane or typhoon

dam

a wall built across a river to stop the flow of water

damage

to cause harm or spoil something

decade

a period of ten years

declare

to announce something clearly or publicly

delegate

a person who is chosen to speak at a meeting or conference

demerit

disadvantage

democratic

fair and based on the principles of democracy

demonstrator

a person among a group who shows an opinion in public

deny

to refuse, not admit, or say that something is not true

despite

without taking notice of or being influenced by

destroy

to damage something very badly and beyond repair

develop

to successfully create a new product

development

when something grows, changes or becomes more advanced

dictator

a person who controls a country unfairly and by force

die out

to become less common and eventually disappear

diplomatic relations

a system of having representatives in each otherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s country

disco

a type of music which people often danced to in the 1970s

discover

to find something, especially for the first time

disorder

illness of the mind or body

dispute

disagreement, especially involving work or between countries

dissident

a person who publicly criticizes his or her government

divorce

a legal agreement to end a marriage

domestic

relating to home or country

donate

to give money or goods to help a person or group

due to

because of

earthquake

a sudden shake of the ground that often causes damage

eccentric

very strange or different

ecology

the relationship between living things and their environment

education

the knowledge one gets at school

effect

the result of a particular event

elect

to choose a person for a job by voting

100 election

a time when many people choose a person for a job

101 embassy

a building for representatives of a foreign country

102 endangered

living things which people fear may cease to exist

103 environment

the surroundings or conditions one lives in

104 equality

a situation when people are treated fairly or equally

105 eradicate

to get rid of completely

106 establish

to bring about or make happen

107 ethnic

of a national, racial, religious or linguistic group

108 exchange rate

the price of one countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s currency compared to anotherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

109 execute

to kill as a punishment

110 explode

to cause something to break up violently into small pieces

111 export

to send goods to another country

112 express

show

113 fail

to not succeed or to stop working completely

114 famine

a period when there is little food for many people in one region

115 fast food

cheap food that is prepared and served quickly

116 festival

a special event such as a music performance

117 fine

to make a person pay money as a punishment

118 firing squad

a group of soldiers who are ordered to shoot and kill a prisoner

119 fled

escaped because of fear or danger

120 flood

a large amount of water that covers land which is normally dry

121 folk

a traditional kind of music with no known composer

122 foolish

unwise

123 forces

military forces such as the army, navy and air force

124 forgive

to stop being angry at someone because of what they did

125 formal

conventional or learned at school

126 former

of an earlier time

127 Formula 1

a popular form of single seat world car racing

128 found

to start a company or bring something into existence

129 founder

the person who starts a company or organization

130 fugitive

a person who is hiding from the police or dangerous situation

131 gangster

a member of an organized crime group

132 gay

attracted to people of the same sex as oneself

133 general

a high ranking military leader

134 global

relating to the whole world

135 GPS

global positioning system, which locates your exact position

136 grain

seed which is used as a source of food

137 Grammy

a prize award for excellence in the music industry in the US

138 greedy

wanting more money, food or things than you need

139 growth

the process of increasing in size, number, or amount

140 gunmen

men who use guns to commit a crime or violent act

141 guillotine

a device specifically designed for chopping a personâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s head off

142 gymnast

a person who is very good at gymnastics

143 gymnastics

a sport which involves displaying oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s balance and strength

144 habit

something that you do regularly and often

145 heavy metal

a kind of electronic music played loudly with a strong beat

146 heiress

a woman who will receive a lot of money after a person dies

147 heroin

a powerful illegal drug which is extremely addictive

148 hip hop

a lifestyle that includes rap, break dancing and graffiti art

149 homelessness

the condition of having no home

150 homosexuality

the state of being attracted to someone of the same sex

151 hopelessness

the condition of having no hope

152 hostage

a person who is taken as a prisoner to exchange for a demand

153 hot-air balloon

a large bag of heated air with a basket below for people to ride

154 huge

very big

155 human rights

the basic rights that all people should have

156 idealism

belief in good, even if it is impractical or impossible

157 illegal

not legal, not allowed by law

158 image

a picture in the mind or formed by a mirror or lens

159 immigration

the act of arriving at a country in order to live there

160 independence

freedom from being ruled by someone else

161 inequality

a situation when people are not treated fairly or equally

162 inflation

a general increase in the prices of things

163 Interpol

a world police organization which fights international crime

164 invade

enter another country in order to control it

165 invent

to create something for the first time

166 investment

the act of spending time or money in pursuit of gain

167 involve

include or connect with

168 IRA

Irish Republican Army; a group of Irish nationalists

169 Israeli

a person from Israel

170 IVF

in vitro fertilization, an artificial way of becoming pregnant

171 justify

to give a good reason for

172 kidnap

to take a person away illegally and by force

173 lift (a ban)

to abolish or eliminate

174 limit

to stop something getting too much or too many

175 link up

to connect with

176 luxurious

expensive and comfortable

177 mail order

a way of buying goods from a catalogue which arrive by post

178 major

more important than others of the same type

179 Mao Zedong

a Chinese communist leader

180 market economy

a system in which buyers and sellers negotiate prices freely

181 marriage

a legal relationship of a man and woman as husband and wife

182 martial arts

Japanese or Chinese forms of fighting or self-defense

183 merit

advantage

184 microprocessor

the part of a computer which performs calculations

185 military

relating to war or armed forces

186 minority

any small group in a society which is different from the majority

187 mission

when people are sent somewhere to do an important job

188 moment

a short period of time

189 monarchy

a system of having a king, queen, emperor or royal leader

190 movement

a group of people with a particular belief or set of aims

191 nation

country

192 nationalize

to make a business under the control of the government

193 neutron bomb

a nuclear bomb which kills people without damaging buildings

194 nightclub

a place where people drink and dance until late at night

195 Nobel Prize

one of six yearly international prizes given for great work

196 nuclear power

nuclear energy used as a source of electricity

197 nuclear weapon

nuclear energy used for purposes of mass destruction

198 occupation

job, or the control of a place by an army or group of people

199 OPEC

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

200 optimistic

hopeful about the future

201 organization

a group of people who work together for a shared purpose

202 outbreak

when an illness begins to spread quickly and uncontrollably

203 overdose (1970)

when too much of a drug is taken at one time

204 overdose (1979)

when too much of a drug is taken at one time

205 ozone layer

a layer of air in the atmosphere which helps to block UV light

206 Palestinian

an Arab person whose roots are in Palestine, now Israel

207 parliament

in some countries, the group of politicians who make the laws

208 penalty

a punishment for breaking a law

209 permanent

for ever

210 plagiarism

the act of taking credit for someone elseâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s work

211 planet

an extremely large natural object which moves around a star

212 platform shoes

shoes which have very thick soles

213 poison

something which is harmful and may kill if eaten or drunk

214 policy

an established practice or plan of what to do

215 politician

a member of a government of a person who makes laws

216 population

the number of people who live in a particular place

217 power ballad

an emotional rock song delivered with a powerful voice

218 president

the political leader of a country which has no royal family

219 prime minister

the leader of a government similar to that of the UK

220 prisoner

a person who is kept in a prison as a punishment

221 product

something which is made to be sold

222 promising

looks like it could be successful or enjoyable

223 promote

to encourage the sale of something

224 pros and cons

good points and bad points

225 protest

a strong public complaint about something

226 psychiatrist

a doctor who specialises in mental illnesses

227 psychic

able to perceive information hidden from the normal senses

228 publish

to make something known to the public through writing

229 punk rock

a type of fast, loud music which is deliberately offensive

230 put off

to delay an activity or event until a later time or date

231 R&B

rhythm and blues

232 radical

fundamental or extreme

233 raise

to increase

234 rap

a music genre with a strong rhythm and spoken words

235 rape

the crime of having sex with a person without prior agreement

236 recession

a period when the economy of a country is not good

237 recognize

to acknowledge the existence of something or someone

238 record

the greatest that has ever been achieved

239 refuse

to not allow

240 reggae

a type of music with a strong beat and originally from Jamaica

241 relationship

a romantic friendship between two people

242 remote control

the control of something from a distance using radio waves

243 replica

an exact or very accurate copy of something

244 resign

to give up a job or position by telling your employer

245 right

freedom granted to people within a society

246 riot

a noisy and violent public protest or demonstration

247 rock

a style of music which evolved from rock and roll of the 1950s

248 rock and roll

a kind of dance music of the 1950s which had a loud beat

249 roots

origins

250 royal

relating to a king or queen or members of their family

251 royalties

money paid to the creator of an original piece of work

252 rule

state when a person or group is in control of a country

253 satellite

a thing that travels regularly around the Earth in space

254 satisfy

to make someone happy by giving them what they need

255 scandal

an action or event that causes public shock or disapproval

256 serial killer

a person who kills people one at a time over a period of time

257 series

a sequence of similar or related things

258 set off

cause

259 shah

the ruler of Iran in the past

260 shuttle

a vehicle or aircraft which travels between two places

261 simplicity

the quality of being simple, uncomplicated or lacking in luxury

262 simultaneous

happening at the same time

263 skeleton

the bones of a person or animal

264 smallpox

a very dangerous disease causing spots on the skin and death

265 soft rock

light rock music with a soft beat

266 solar system

the sun and the planets which move around it

267 soldier

a person who belongs to the army and who fights in a war

268 solution

the answer to a problem

269 soul

a style of music that is a mix of gospel and rhythm and blues

270 soundtrack

the music which is played as part of a movie

271 species

group of plants or animals which can breed with one another

272 spill

something which has come out of its container by mistake

273 spread

to reach or have an effect on an increasing area

274 stranger

a person that you do not know

275 strategy

a detailed plan or methods for achieving success

276 succeed

to take over a job or position after someone else

277 suffer

to experience something bad

278 suicide

death caused deliberately by oneself

279 surrender

to stop fighting and admit defeat

280 survive

to continue to live or exist

281 test

to try something to see if it is safe or works correctly

282 thalidomide

a drug known to cause serious damage to unborn babies

283 the sexes

women and men

284 throughout

in every part or for all of the time

285 title song

a song that has the same title as the movie in which it appears

286 tornado

a dangerous wind which is shaped like an upside-down cone

287 tough

difficult to deal with

288 tournament

a competition for players or teams and one eventual winner

289 treatment

medical care

290 treaty

a formal agreement between two or more countries

291 troops

organized groups of soldiers

292 unarmed

not carrying a weapon of any kind

293 UNICEF

United Nations Childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Fund

294 United Nations

an international organization that tries to solve world problems

295 unrequited

not returned or felt the same way by the other person

296 vain

too proud of oneself, especially concerning appearance

297 via

by way of, or by means of

298 victim

someone who has been hurt or killed by a person or thing

299 violate

to break or act against an agreement or law

300 vote

to make a decision based on the number of counts of support

Photo Credits 1970 Oliver F. Atkins, December 21, 1970. President Richard Nixon admires singer Elvis Presley’s cufflinks at the Oval Office in the Whitehouse. 1971 Robert L. Knudsen, May 27, 1971. President Nixon and Mrs Nixon welcome King Faisal of Saudi Arabia. 1972 NASA, February 25, 1972. Pioneer 10’s Pioneer plaque is a gold covered aluminium plate which was attached to the spacecraft’s antenna. It features nude male and female figures as well as symbols that were designed to provide information about the origin of the spacecraft, were it ever to be discovered in space by extra-terrestrials. 1973 Ben Aveling, October 24, 2009. Sydney Opera House with a tall ship in the foreground. 1974 Tomasz Sienicki, 2006. Terracotta Army exhibition in Gdynia, Poland, August 2006. 1975 Department of defence employee, April or May 1975. South Vietnamese refugees walk across a U.S. Navy vessel taking them away from Saigon to the Philippines and eventually the United States. 1976 photographer unknown, September 12, 1976 Chinese citizens file past Chairman Mao as he lies in state in Beijing. 1977 NASA, March 14, 1978 The Shuttle Orbiter Enterprise is off-loaded at Redstone Arsenal Airfield for later Mated Vertical Ground Vibration tests. 1978 White House Staff Photographer, September 7, 1978. Anwar Sadat and Menachem Begin greet each for their first meeting at the Camp David Summit as Jimmy Carter watches. 1979 Nhem Ein, 1979. An unidentified prisoner of Pol Pot’s secret prison “S-21”. Over a million people were tortured, starved to death, or killed during his reign of terror.