RESEARCH NEWS
Abstracts LONG-TERM RESULTS OF SURGERY COMPARED WITH NONOPERATIVE TREATMENT FOR LUMBAR DEGENERATIVE SPONDYLOLISTHESIS Experts compared the 8-year outcomes between surgery and nonoperative care and among different fusion techniques for symptomatic lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS). They enrolled the surgical candidates with DS from 13 centers with at least 12 weeks of symptoms and confirmatory imaging in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) or observational cohort study (OBS). Significantly greater improvements in pain and function for patients with symptomatic DS were seen in the patients who received surgery compared with nonoperative treatment through 8 years of follow-up. The outcomes were not affected by the fusion technique. Similar outcomes were noted among patients treated with uninstrumented posterolateral fusion, instrumented posterolateral fusion, and 360° fusion. Abdu WA, et al. Long-term results of surgery compared with nonoperative treatment for lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis in the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT). Spine, November 16, 2018 A LIFETIME OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES PAYS DIVIDENDS In this cross-sectional study, investigators assessed 1,826 community-dwelling men and women in southern California aged 60–99 years who attended a research visit in 1988–1992 to identify associations between physical activity throughout the lifespan and cognitive function in older age. They observed improved cognitive function in those who had partook in regular physical activity regardless of intensity. They also observed that physical activity in teenage years had a positive, protective benefit against age-related decline in executive function. Reas ET, et al. Lifetime physical activity and late-life cognitive function: The Rancho Bernardo study. Age and Aging, January 09, 2019 MANIPULATION-INDUCED HYPOALGESIA IN MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN POPULATIONS Background: Manipulation-induced hypoalgesia (MIH) represents reduced pain sensitivity following joint manipulation, and has been documented in various
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CA NEWS MARCH 2019
populations. It is unknown, however, whether MIH following high-velocity low-amplitude spinal manipulative therapy is a specific and clinically relevant treatment effect. Methods: Our objectives were to compare changes in quantitative sensory testing outcomes after spinal manipulative therapy vs. sham, control and active interventions, to estimate the magnitude of change over time, and to determine whether changes are systemic or not. Results: Fifteen studies were included. Thirteen measured pressure pain threshold, and four of these were sham-controlled. Change in pressure pain threshold after spinal manipulative therapy compared to sham revealed no significant difference. Pressure pain threshold increased significantly over time after spinal manipulative therapy (0.32 kg/cm2, CI 0.22– 0.42), which occurred systemically. There were too few studies comparing to other interventions or for other types of quantitative sensory testing to make robust conclusions about these. Conclusions: We found that systemic MIH (for pressure pain threshold) does occur in musculoskeletal pain populations, though there was low quality evidence of no significant difference compared to sham manipulation. Future research should focus on the clinical relevance of MIH, and different types of quantitative sensory tests. Charlotte Leboeuf-Yde, Sarah J. Etherington and Bruce F. Walker. Manipulation-induced hypoalgesia in musculoskeletal pain populations: a systematic critical review and meta-analysis. Sasha L. Aspinall Email author View ORCID ID profile, Chiropractic & Manual Therapies. 201927:7
Systematic Reviews EFFECTIVENESS OF KINESIO TAPING IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC NS LBP. A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH METAANALYSIS This study sought to investigate the effects of Kinesio Taping (KT) in patients with nonspecific low back pain as KT is widely used in patients with low back pain. The authors included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults with chronic nonspecific low back pain that compared KT to no intervention or placebo as well as RCTs that compared KT combined with exercise against exercise alone. They considered pain intensity and disability as the
primary outcomes. Whenever possible, the data were pooled through meta-analysis. They identified 11 RCTs for this systematic review (pooled n = 743) and concluded that there was very low to moderate quality evidence shows that KT was no better than any other intervention for most the outcomes assessed in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain. We found no evidence to support the use of KT in clinical practice for patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain. Luz Júnior, et al., Effectiveness of Kinesio Taping in Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain - A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis. Spine: January 1, 2019 - Volume 44 - Issue 1 - p 68-78 PREDICTIVE FACTORS FOR BRACE TREATMENT OUTCOME IN ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS. Investigators analyzed cases diagnosed with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) of age ≤ 18 years and treated with a thoracolumbo-sacral orthosis (TLSO) to assess the forbidden factors of brace treatment consequences ie, failure and/or success. They recorded a sum of 19 radiographic and 8 clinical predictive factors with multiple types of TLSO braces like Boston, Wilmington, Cheneau, Osaka Medical College, Dresdner Scoliosis Orthosis and SPoRT. They observed an association of lack of initial in-brace correction with treatment failure. They suggested a link of brace wear time with failure and success with the moderate evidence. van den Bogaart M, et al. Predictive factors for brace treatment outcome in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A best-evidence synthesis. European Spine Journal, January 07, 2019 ASSOCIATION OF ASPIRIN USE FOR PRIMARY PREVENTION WITH CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS AND BLEEDING EVENTS. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, researchers evaluated data from 13 trials with 164,225 participants without cardiovascular disease to see how aspirin use for primary prevention relates with cardiovascular events and bleeding. Findings revealed that aspirin use in those without cardiovascular disease correlated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events and a higher risk of major bleeding. Zheng SL, et al. Association of aspirin use for primary prevention with cardiovascular events and bleeding events: A systematic review and metaanalysis. JAMA, January 23, 2019
