CHM 101
Sinex
Illustrating hybridization
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals
Shockwave animation of hybridization click here Chime site with atomic and hybrid orbitals click here
PGCC CHM 101 Sinex
Now let’s make some bonds!
hybrid orbitals – sp, sp2, or sp3
formation of σ bond
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CHM 101
Sinex
σ bond
remaining p orbitals from sp or sp2
π bond hinders rotation about the carbon-tocarbon bond
Planar molecule (each carbon is trigonal planar) with π cloud above and below the plane
formation of π bond
Bond formation from hybridization • Single bond end-to-end - sigma bond side-to-side • Double bond – sigma bond + pi bond • Triple bond – sigma bond + pi bond + pi bond
How about the electron density around a carbon-carbon bond? Polar or Non-polar C2H6
C2H4
C2H2 H+ attack?
How are the two pi bonds in the triple bond oriented? single bond
double bond
triple bond
Spartan 02
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CHM 101
Sinex
What is the hybridization in each carbon atom?
4
2
5
What is the hybridization in each carbon atom?
4 6
3
3 7
1
2
1
sp3 – 2, 5 tetrahedral
sp2 – 1, 3, 4 trigonal planar
sp – 6, 7 linear
Draw the Lewis dot structure –
C3H4
Allene, H2C=C=CH2 What is the hybridization?
Remember to chain the carbon atoms and fill the octet of the center carbon atom in the chain first. You should have come up with one of these structures: H .. H:C:C:::C:H .. H
H H .. .. C::C::C .. .. H H Build the molecular model.
The π clouds of the two double bonds are oriented perpendicular to each other. Hence the hydrogens are turned 90o. The is due to the original orientation of the p orbitals on the center carbon atom. Spartan 02
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