the
WELLNESS CENTER
By: Chesenia Burgos 1
This book is dedicated to my grandfather. Who during the last weeks of his life did not receive the proper physical rehabilitation from the facilities assigned to help him. My drive for this project is to create an encouraging and welcoming environment that strays from the typical medical feel in addition to holding high standards for maintaining a caring staff that dedicates themselves to the wellbeing of others. Also to my grandmother who has always cared for others as her own. As well as all the aging population who deserve to continue doing more of what makes them happy. siempre en mi corazón papá January 14, 2014 “So encourage each other and build each other up, just as you are already doing” 1 Thessalonians 5:11
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Project Objectives Historiography & Contemporary Context Case Studies Part I: Visage-a-Visage Day Spa Part II: The Art of Wellness Part III: P.W.C.C. Spa & Fitness Center Part IV: Orhidelia Wellness 4 Design & Technical Criteria 5 Topical Explorations 6 Existing Site, Context, Climate, & Zoning 7 Programming 8 Building Analysis, Code, Regulations, & Standards 9 Research Summary 10 Bibliography 1 2 3
2 14 26 28 36 44 52 62 110 132 144 157 168 172
2 Fig. 1.1
PROJECT OBJECTIVES
1 Fig. 1.2
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INTRODUCTION
“What accounts for the explosive
re-emergence of the 2,000-year-old spa experience? The baby boom contingent is entering mid-life adolescence, where the possibility of becoming a centenarian is a national obsession. Couple this with a desire for vigorous quality of life, and [people] begin to understand the demand for longevity-enhancing regimens. People not only want to live longer, but they expect to be able to enjoy a sumptuous meal, indulge their
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greatest passions, and maintain an active lifestyle well into their 90s. The new paradigm is ‘inner well-being radiates outer beauty.’ Thus, the adage ‘if you look good, you feel good’ has been superseded.”1 Put this together with the rapid aging of the body as it grows older and the outcome is a massive amount of prospective clients that long for a place to restore themselves; without having to deal with the stagnant hospital atmosphere. Recently, hospitals have been
Fig. 1.4
outsourcing practices to smaller facilities. This extension from the clinical hospitals has opened a door for wellness centers which offer holistic healing in an encouraging environment where clients can interact amongst others with comparable inhibitions and similar goals. Wellness centers encompass multiple programs which fall under three classifications; clinical, fitness, and spa. Together these programs generate a foundation for therapeutic restoration of the body. With the added growth of the aging population, the demand for this type of facility is on the rise and should not be overlooked. In Baby Boomers: Can My Eighties be like My Fifties, Helen Rehr discusses the Third Summit Meeting on the Baby Boomers’ perception of aging. Rehr communicates that “old age is not for [the Baby Boomers]”, in fact they expressed that they did not see aging as a concern but on the contrary that they may age but would not get old; Baby Boomers believe they will sustain their youth.2 Rehr clarifies that “when they think of aging, if they think of it at
all, it is not about growing old but rather in terms of wellness, independence, and self-sufficiency.�3 This perception of aging lends itself to the need for wellness facilities that offer restoration and rejuvenation of the body in order to maintain such youthful spirits.
GENERAL DESIGN GOALS The objective of this project is to generate a wellness center that will enhance the quality of life by encouraging an active routine. This will be accomplished through selected clinical, fitness, and spa programs, overall aesthetic and implied mood, as well as the building’s surrounding environment. Clinical programs may include physical and occupational therapy to increase mobility and function in addition to helping clients live life as independently as possible. Speech therapy, for those suffering from communication and swallowing disorders, stress testing, consultation, nutrition education, and aquatic therapy. Fitness programs may incorporate classes in aerobic exercises, yoga, tai chi, meditation, weight lifting, senior wellness, weight management, and stroke exercises.
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Fig. 1.6
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The spa program will focus on therapeutic techniques providing massage rooms, acupuncture, as well relaxation massage. Together these programs will help support the youthful spirited needs of Baby Boomers as well as the younger generations.
RESEARCH GOALS AND METHODS The purpose of research is to understand the Baby Boomer generation, as well as what happens to the body as it ages, in order to prepare a facility that will tend to their future needs. In order to fully understand the generation, information about their overall lifestyle, thought process, and future goals need to be gathered. Furthermore, examination about how the body develops and the most common types of disorders that come with age need to be comprehended. Throughout the research process, information and data will be collected through the use of books, articles, and scholarly journals; whether through tangible or online sources. In addition, case studies will be visited in order to realistically comprehend the programs and spaces required to achieve the type of wellness center 6
that is being proposed. Interviews will be conducted with professionals throughout the various fields of therapy, nutrition, fitness, and interior design to gather facts about the realities of client needs and how design is incorporated to help facilitate healing. Books allow for tangible evidence that has already been gathered. Therefore the use of Joan Whaley Gallup’s Wellness Centers: A Guide for the Design Professional is an insightful resource for the overall design approach to a wellness facility. Gallup discusses the history of natural medicine and the evolution of the wellness center building type. She goes into depth about planning the space, designing the interior, and developing the programs that make up the center. These programs include topics such as lighting, ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) compliancy, finishes, rooms to include, ceilings, and acoustical needs. The book also includes case studies that go into depth about square footages, programs offered, and the history. In order to understand the Baby Boomer generation, Baby Boomers: Can my eighties be like my fifties?, by Joanna M. Mellor and Helen Rehr, discusses how hospitals, home care
agencies, and other social services may not be prepared for the aging of the Baby Boomers. They go on to discuss the Third Summit Meeting on the Baby Boomers and their perception of their future. The books gives insight on the aging process and the generation’s needs from both medical, statistical, and the population’s viewpoint. In Robert D. Henry and Julie D. Taylor’s Spa: The Sensuous Experience, they convey the history of the spa and how people began utilizing its benefits. The authors define the different types of spas and the goals and moods each tries to achieve. There is a specific section that goes on to explain wellness and medical spas and its nourishing atmosphere. This section also includes brief case studies where design and program are discussed. Though books can be enlightening, visiting case studies will allow for personal interviews and a deeper understanding of how spaces are laid out and the atmosphere that has been created. Through this experience, solutions can be developed based off of what works and what could be altered. In addition to evaluating issues that occurred after the facility had been built and how the users of the building feel.
Fig. 1.7
THE ROLE OF THE DESIGNER Interior designers aim to create functional spaces specific to the type of user group that will be occupying the building. Designers must research the details of a building type, in this case a wellness center, and its user group in order to better comprehend room types, sizing, lighting, materials, occupancy levels, HVAC needs and much more. This understanding is significant as interior designers have a responsibility to the client, users, and society when implementing their designs. Designers must gather client needs and wants and accommodate them while also maintaining standard guidelines such as ADA compliancy. When designing a wellness center aimed at enhancing the quality of life of its users, it is essential to understand what the client wants to bring to its users. Specifically to the wellness center, this means designing appropriate clinical, fitness, and spas spaces that offer the proper equipment and a maximum level of functionality aside from being aesthetically pleasing. Designers must also understand the type of experience 7
the users will sense once entering a certain space/building and how to make it properly function. Since users will continue to use the wellness center long after construction has been completed, there is a big emphasis on the user experience and realistic functionality on how each space will be used along with how best to design them. In a wellness center, designers must understand what “enhancing the quality of life” means to both medical professionals and Baby Boomers. While Baby Boomers know what their goals are in life, medical professionals have been trained to treat certain symptoms of the aging body and know what they need in order to accomplish treatment. In reference to society, a designer is first taught to constantly design for the welfare, health safety and well-being of the public. Therefore, to society a designer must be well-informed and aware of their decisions. In Paul Bailey’s article, An Interior Designer has a Direct Influence on the Places and Spaces we Occupy, he emphasizes how “interior design requires knowledge of appropriate building regulations, health and safety legislations, project planning and technical specifications, all applied Fig. 1.8
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in a creative fashion to generate an environment.”4 Together these factors effect society and the way people live, feel, and breathe. While designing a wellness center, designers must stick to proper healthcare regulations and choose from appropriate materials for the environment. There is always a drive for improving the work environment in any building type. Within wellness centers specifically, the overall aesthetic should promote healing as well as the programs it holds. With this as an objective the interior will include materials that encourage indoor air quality and products that help support a healthy lifestyle; whether that be through the use of chairs, proper heights, finishes, or the relationships of spaces to one another.
“Interior design requires knowledge of appropriate building regulations, health and safety legislations, project planning and technical specifications, all applied to generate an environment.”
Fig. 1.9
ENVIRONMENTAL / SUSTAINABILITY OBJECTIVES With every design there are environmental factors to consider. Especially when designing a wellness center that encourages well-being, its impact on the environment should also supports its impact on its users. Sustainable features will be implemented to enhance how the building operates. These features are to include proper use of natural daylight, heating and cooling mechanisms, use and reuse of water and saving electricity. The use of natural daylighting and views of nature are vital when it comes to energy savings as well as the psychological effect it has on people. Through sunlight, the amount of artificial lighting required to illuminate the interior of the wellness center is minimized, thus saving electricity. In addition, studies have found that views of nature and daylighting can help lower stress levels, therefore, increasing productivity and mood. Consequently, the wellness center will use daylighting to allow for the opportunity to boost how clients feel about themselves, their healing progress, as well as the
motivation to keep moving forward. The design of the center will also include a reduction in its water usage. This will be achieved through the use of high-efficiency, low-flow fixtures in the restooms, kitchens, and changing rooms. Where appropriate, faucets will be designed to incorporate motion sensors to further conserve water. Heating and cooling needs will be accomplished with geothermal energy and heat exchangers that conserves energy by helping heat and cool fresh air from outside. Sustainable factors will correspondingly be integrated into the material selection. Building materials such as floor coatings, paints, and adhesives will contain low volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Keeping VOCs to a minimum will allow for greater indoor air quality and lower health risks. Flooring material, fabrics, and wallcoverings will be highly considered when they contain recycled, easily renewable content, and natural materials. Furnishings will be chosen from companies that manufacture locally in order to limit the amount of air pollution the design createsCombined, these factors will establish a sustainable foundation for the wellness center.
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THE CLIENT The client for this wellness center is Bryn Mawr Hospital, one of the Main Line Hospitals located just ten minutes from the proposed location. Bryn Mawr Hospital has a wide range of advanced medical technologies and comprehensive range of safe, high-quality health services and they now wish to branch out and open a wellness center focused on assisting the middle-aged and older community.5 Currently they do have other locations that offer outpatient services but are still broad in the services provided; whereas the hopes of this new wellness center will bring a new focus towards the Baby Boomer generation. Bryn Mawr Hospital targets to create a new facility just minutes from the main hospital in order to offer clients a new atmosphere of
care. This wellness center will provide physical, occupational, speech, and aquatic therapy as well as fitness and spa programs that will work together to enhance the quality of life of the Baby Boomer generation. Therefore, design considerations will be towards this target market.
USERS The general public and future employees make up the user group for this wellness center. Within this new facility, the middle-aged will look for programs to enhance their lives and heal aches that they may be experiencing due to age. They will be looking to turn away from the stagnant hospital atmosphere in a place where holistic health and the importance of healing can be perceived throughout the building’s design and then back
“It is essential to keep a universal design approach so that the building can be readily used and accessed by everyone regardless of their differences. The design will therefore include adjustable furnishings and built-ins to accommodate different needs, a neutral color palette that compliments different ages and genders, and artwork acceptable for all races.“ 10
Fig. 1.10
Fig. 1.11
up with the programs it offers. The addition of having a gym, allows for monitored health and rehabilitation that cannot be found at a typical gym. The needs of this general public will include areas of focused healing and encouragement as well as relaxation. The building will include enjoyable areas that inspire people to want to be active and join in on fitness programs, as well as dedicated rooms for individual consultation and treatment within the clinical programs. Although the general public is central for providing potential clients, the staff that will be working within this facility is equally essential when considering the design. The staff will be working within the facility daily for much longer than a client’s visit. Therefore, it is key to accommodate for their well-being and keeping the overall morale high. Without the staff who would be providing the services within the wellness center? This includes designing proper heights and placement for equipment and storage, selecting appropriate seating and insuring that indoor air quality is not compromised when selecting finishes.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS With Bryn Mawr Hospital as its client, this wellness center will be associated with, and therefore continue to be, a non-profit organization. As a result, money will come from donations, funding, federal and state grants, and through selling services and product. In addition, as a non-profit organization, there must be considerations when it comes to budget. Since money will be coming from donations and federal/state funding, there may or may not be a large enough budget to accommodate extravagant designs. Special designs will be employed in key locations where they will have the best impact on the overall design. When selecting materials, expensive patterns will be passed over as they can quickly put a strain on budget. Likewise when selecting furniture and fixtures, the assortment will come from middle ranged prices that still maintain a high quality of durability without being too expensive.
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DEMOGRAPHICS The development of this new wellness center targets the suburban area of Haverford Township as well as the neighboring towns. This area includes people from diverse ethnicities, race, religion, age, and genders. With such a broad spectrum of potential clients, it is essential to keep a universal design approach so that the building can be readily used and accessed by everyone regardless of their differences. The design will therefore include adjustable furnishings and built-ins to accommodate different needs, a neutral color palette that compliments different ages and genders, and artwork acceptable for all races. Rehr concludes that the Baby Boomer generation has shown to be psychologically resilient and better informed than their parents’ generation.6 As a result, they are more familiar with the use of technology which allows for the incorporation of new technological advances. The wellness center will incorporate new technology in the equipment used as well as within the amenity 12
spaces in order to engage users and make certain tasks easier. Overall the center will be a space of equality where every individual will feel invited and encouraged along their path to a healthier and positive lifestyle.
WELLNESS HELPS YOU DO MORE OF WHAT MAKES YOU HAPPY.
Fig. 1.12
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14 Fig. 2.1
Historiography & Contemporary Global Context
2 Fig. 2.2
Fig. 2.3
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T
ime and again people give themselves credit for an invention when they have never seen or heard of the outcome, therefore, it must be a remarkable discovery; this is just the nature of mankind, seeking acknowledgment. Although, often when history is looked at and combed through, countless supposed “new discoveries” of today were already uncovered way before our time. In “A Brief History of Spa Therapy, Tubergen explains that when taking a look at the word “spa”, this word can relate back to the Latin word “spagere” (to scatter, sprinkle, moisten) or part of
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the Latin phrase “sanitas per aquas” (health through water).1 It is also said that the word “spa” may have derived from the Walloon word “espa” which means fountain or from the Belgian town Spa, where a thermal spring was discovered. Over the course of history, the term spa has taken on multiple meanings such as taking the waters, balneotherapy, spa therapy, and hydrotherapy, but the underlining concept of healing one’s self has never changed.2 In conjunction with spas came the notion of fitness and exercising in order to maintain a stable lifestyle.
Fig. 2.4
ANCIENT GREECE and the ROMAN EMPIRE [500 B.C.E. – 400 B.C.E.] In the times of ancient Greece, thermal baths were widely popular as it was seen as both recreational and therapeutic. The act of “taking the waters” was initially performed in private baths by the wealthier population until public baths were constructed. Baths were recommended for cleansing purposes before later serving as a way to cure diseases, socialize, and serve as a means of recreation. An ancient physician Hippocrates (460370), proposed that people became ill due to an imbalance of bodily fluids.3 He proclaimed that in order to regain this balance “a change in habits and environment was advised, which included bathing, perspiration, walking, and massages. [Therefore] the baths were often combined with sports and education, the precursors of the gymnasium.”4 Baths became widely available as more and more were constructed; they had the capacity to hold hundreds of people. As the Greeks continued their way of taking on the waters, the Romans also had baths of their own.
Romans baths fit into three categories; baths at home, private baths, and public baths. If people were living far away from the homeland, they would construct their own in mineral and thermal springs on the new land they expanded upon. In Ralph Jackson’s “Waters and Spas in the Classical World”, he describes how thermal baths became highly recommended “in the treatment of particular maladies as, for instance, for soothing chest and back pains in pneumonia, promoting good respiration, relieving fatigue, relaxing joints, curing headaches, and promoting the secretion of urine.”5 He goes on to add how “cold douches were used to relieve swellings and painful joints, while the addition of herbal oils and extracts extended the powers of warm baths.”6 The idea that wellness could come from spa treatments had a powerful effect on both the Greeks and the Romans. Greek and Roman baths had a similar construction and implemented many of the same rooms; as an example one may look at the baths at Pompeii, the building plan is seen as a rhombus with rectangular rooms in the interior (figure 2.1). Its configuration is like many others with separate entrances for men and Fig. 2.5
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“Thermal baths became highly recommended in the treatment of particular maladies as, for instance, for soothing chest and back pain.” women, and then a progression into the atriums, dressing rooms, cold baths, warm baths, hot baths, and courtyards. These ancient buildings were typically constructed out of stone which was readily available and helped maintain the desired temperatures within the baths as well as contain the water. They would require elongated rooms that could seat hundreds of people, as well as maintain high temperatures, in the case of hot baths, that helped people perspire and rid themselves of poisons from the body. Since these baths were constructed pre-electricity, sunlight was the sole means of illuminating the spaces. Since Greek and Romans baths were the earliest forms known to have been developed into a building type, they do not have a precursor. Although there is a crosscultural relationship between the two. Through its discovery, baths became a distinctive activity of both the Greek 18
and Roman societies making it an integral part of their daily lives. Since they were valued so highly for their healing and recreational purposes, baths were considered to be a symbol of health and well-being, as well as a sign of wealth when exclusive to the upper class. Though the upper class were the first to indulge in baths, this quickly changed as it became more societal. The demographics for the building type spread across a wide range as they were used by all ages, genders, and cultures; while mainly kept in rural areas where there was a higher population. The origins of the site conditions varied throughout the seasons. The climate changed from hot and dry to chilly and rainy depending upon where longitudinal wise people lived within the countries. This effected the areas of the baths were kept opened and which where enclosed; that way they could be accessible throughout the year.
THE DARK, MIDDLE AGES and the EMERGENCE OF YOGA [450 A.D. – 1500 A.D.] As Christianity rose and the Roman Empire fell in 476, so did the culture of bathing; it became
prohibited by the church as the cure for healing fell into the hands of faith, worship, and prayer.7 Baths were redeveloped into churches, although some did remain, with the majority made available to the aristocrats who were not affected by the church’s declarations and others as holy spas for healing.8 In Lynn Thorndike’s “Sanitation, Baths, and Street-Cleaning in the Middle Ages and Renaissance”, she confirms that “soap and baths were little used in those times…this general practice of bathing disappeared…”9 This can be reassured as the dark and middle ages were known for their filthy streets filled with waste, foul smells, and overall lack of sanitation. Although, this does not dismiss that people were still told to bath in times of sickness. It was not until the thirteenth century that baths began to be rebuilt and people began to take hours bathing. While bathing gained more attention, fitness has always been a part people’s lives in order to survive. In Northern Europe, people depend on physical fitness to hunt, gather, tend cattle, and do labor around their properties; therefore the fall of the Roman Empire brought a revival for fitness.10 In addition to fitness, the practice of yoga was said to have Fig. 2.6
originated around these early ancient times within the India culture.11 People have found Indian stones sculptures from 3,000 B.C. that demonstrate yoga postures.12 It is said that an Indian sage and physician by the name of Patanjali wrote the systemized treatise soley to yoga as early as 200 B.C13. Therefore, Patanjali is considered to be the father of yoga because “after generations of oral teachings, his texts made it more accessible” to the public.14 These texts are known as the Yoga Sutras and are “a collection of one hundred and ninetyfive statements that explore what it takes to gain mastery over the mind and emotions.”15These statements offer advice about spiritual growth and how the postures help achieve such a goal and are used even in modern times as practitioners cite the ancient teachings for spiritual guidance. This practice is also a discipline and a way of living where meditation, relaxation, and fitness perform a role in its development. Yoga teaches fitness through breathing and postures and the importance of allowing oneself to be aware of their body and its senses. Although not widely known at the time, this method of thinking was around during the middle ages.
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RENAISSANCE through AMERICA’S NATIONAL PERIOD [1300 A.D. – 1860 A.D.] The Renaissance soon brought along another decline for baths; they were said to be the source of many diseases.16 Although, this did not take away the significance of social activities. Lance Dalleck clarifies that through fitness, notables such as Martin Luther and John Locke developed a theory that “high fitness levels enhanced intellectual learning.”17 Furthermore he states “leaders such as Benjamin Franklin recommended regular physical activity –including resistance training –for health purposes, while President Thomas Jefferson recommended more extreme measures: ‘Not less than two hours a day should be devoted to exercise, and the weather shall be little regarded. If the body is feeble, the mind will not be strong.’”18 People all around began to advocate about the significance of daily exercise for all ages. Some programs and instructors even began to incorporate music during calisthenics which shares likeness to modern-day aerobics.19 If advocates were not enough, 20
Fig. 2.7
through the Industrial Revolution attention to the essentials of fitness were brought to the forefront. As people began to move into cities and leave their rural lives behind, daily physical activity plummeted; there were lower levels of physical activity as well as less need for movement. With the lack of daily fitness, “by the 1950s, with life-threatening diseases like cancer and diabetes becoming more widespread, the cost of industrialization and urbanization would become glaringly apparent.”20 As this realization occurred, people began looking into programs and ways of reintroducing fitness into the daily lives of urban dwellers. This period began to see development in anthropometric measurements permissible enough to assess people’s fitness progress and encourage them to be more active.21 There was even the “launch of the first scientific studies on fitness instruction and the creation of organized fitness teaching methodologies.”22
19TH and 20TH CENTURIES [1800 A.D. – 1900 A.D.] As attention to fitness grew so did the reemergence of taking on the waters; the incorporation of
spa practices. With the beginning of the nineteenth century came an increase in improving how mineral water could be used in medicine and healing.23 Tubergan emphasizes “Doctors were convinced that for each disease Mother Nature possessed an appropriate medicinal spring, which could be discovered through chemical analysis of the waters.”24 The notion of baths and spas became integrated into a wellness center where people came for healing. In Joan Gallup’s “A Guide for the Design Professional”, she confirms that “from 1972 to 1997, just over 350 wellness centers have
been built.”25 There was clearly an aim for moving healthcare away from the hospital setting. Treatments began to develop from hot and cold baths, to herbal baths, mud packs, and even the incorporation of physical exercise, massages, and diets.26 This conveyed ideas to the integration of healing, fitness, and relaxation within one facility. In the early years of the Cold War, the shift in fitness went from adults to children as the first wave of baby boomers were born.27 Lance elaborates that school children began getting tested to measure muscular strength and flexibility and
studies showed that “close to 60 percent of American children failed at least one of the tests, as compared to only 9 percent of children from European countries.”28 This sparked substantial awareness to promote health and fitness to the youth, and all ages, and the consequences of a daily life with minimal fitness levels.
YOGA in the WESTERN WORLD The study of yoga found its way into the western world as Americans Fig. 2.8
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became intrigued by its practice. They embraced the teachings of Swami Vivekananda, the first Indian spiritual teacher, and welcomed him to the 1893 World Parliament of Religions in Chicago, Illinois where American’s applauded him for his lecture on yoga.29 Sarley quotes the Sivanada Yoga center: The ancient yogis had a profound understanding of man’s essential nature and of what he needs to live in harmony with himself and his environment. They perceived the
physical body as a vehicle, with the mind as the driver, the soul man’s true identity, and action, emotion and intelligence as the three forces that pull the body-vehicle. They formulated a unique method for maintaining this balance –a method that combines all the movements you need for physical health with the breathing and meditation techniques that ensure peace of mind.30 The impetus of Swami’s lecture have roots from 1877 when the Theosophical Society
“The ancient yogis had a profound understanding of man’s essential nature and of what he needs to live in harmony with himself and his environment. They perceived the physical body as a vehicle, with the mind as the driver, the soul man’s true identity, and action, emotion and intelligence as the three forces that pull the body-vehicle.“
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Fig. 2.9
in New York began to study “Eastern religion and mystical traditions”.31 Soon more and more people began to analysis and research the benefits of yoga and in the twentieth century yoga adherents began to look at the health and physical benefits of its practice. As the western practice of yoga began to focus primarily on the physical poses called asanas, local doctors and scientists began to explore the physiological aspects of asana practice.32 In addition to the rise in curiosity towards yoga and its practice, Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson drew inspiration from the ancient Bhagavad Gita; the sacred yogic text.33 They’re enthusiasm towards its spiritual intuition and self-reliance began a movement known as transcendentalism.34 There are different branches of yoga for instance, raja yoga, which is what Swami taught, concentrates on “meditation and the control of the intellect to attain enlightenment.”35 Hatha yoga, which was introduced in New York in 1919, focuses on exploring different postures and is the most popular branch. Karma yoga suggests that in order to “ensure a good future, our current behaviors need to be positive.” Followers of Karma believe Fig. 2.10
in what goes around comes around and tend to commit to self-less service in order to reach enlightenment.36 Bhakti yoga places “devotion to the Divine ahead of everything else”; it is a positive way of channeling energy and allows people to gain a tolerance of everyone they come in contact with.37 Jnana yoga teaches people to tap into their inner knowledge through “self-inquiry, meditation, and contemplation.”38 Students of this type of yoga focus on figuring out what is deception and what is the truth by shifting perception. Tantra Yoga is about a path of ritual, cultivating a reverential attitude towards life and honoring the spirit in all of life.39
BENEFITS OF YOGA With multiple branches of yoga, one begins to wonder the specific benefits of its practice. If asked, many people who practice yoga may say it is wonderful, relaxing, and revitalizing. Its practice brings peace of mind and sense of tranquility and this is because it calms the nervous system, enhances flexibility, and increases strength and energy.40 Yoga is done at the students pace and ability; it is taught to no feel the pressure of advanced yogis and 23
instead focus on furthering one’s own skills. In this way yoga helps to improve the body’s metabolism as many of the postures massage the internal organs and stimulate digestion.41 While yoga is great for the body, it also promotes spiritual and psychological health. By allowing the body to relax through stretches and breathing, a person can feel the stress being lifted right off. With the instant gratification yoga
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passes, it is obvious why it has been incorporated into fitness and health.
21st CENTURY [2000’s] As thoughts of health and fitness moved into the twenty-first century, so did the term “wellness”. Ben Zimmer states that may people were inspired by “the preamble to the World Health Organization’s 1948 constitution:
Fig. 2.11
‘Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.’”42 Today we hear about wellness programs, wellness spas, and wellness food, through the radio, television, internet, and our peers. It is a way of thinking that has developed throughout the course of history and that will continue to develop as time goes on. Modern day spas promote wellness through the mind, body, and soul through massages, wraps, and meditation. Fitness and wellness are now commonly associated and incorporate exercises that help people perform both physically and mentally. Hospitals have begun to outsource some of their practices to wellness centers such as physical and aquatic therapy. These centers have developed into spaces where fitness, health, and recovery are a priority. Successively, spas and fitness activities have coincided for thousands of years. It is no wonder that in modern day they are deeply intermingled within facilities as well as the way we define them as a way of getting better and taking care of our bodies.
Fig. 2.12
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Case Studies 26
PART I : VISAGE-A-VISAGE DAY SPA PART II: THE ART OF WELLNESS PART III: P.W.C.C. SPA & FITNESS CENTER PART IV: ORHIDELIA WELLNESS
Fig. 3.1
3 Fig. 3.2
Fig. 3.3
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PART I : VISAGE-A-VISAGE DAY SPA In order to properly design
and program a wellness center, it is crucial to physically visit buildings that have similar program types. This allows for a better understanding of how the spaces function together, the dimensions each room requires, the atmosphere created, as well as how people feel within the spaces. In addition, it permits the
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evaluation of existing wellness centers and creates opportunity for improvement to the proposed facility.
VISAGE-A-VISAGE DAY SPA, SALON, & BOUTIQUE Visage-a-Visage, French for “face-to-face�, is located in the city of Fig. 3.4
Fig. 3.5
Fig. 3.6 | First Floor | Central Datum
public
private
Fig. 3.7 | First Floor | Public versus Private
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X
Fig. 3.8 | Site Map of Lancaster City
Fig. 3.9 | 802 North Duke Street
Fig. 3.10 | Second Floor
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Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Just minutes from downtown, it is easily accessible by foot, bus, or train and does provide a parking lot for those who drive in from out of town. Within its urban setting are an array of restaurants, shops, markets, homes, and parks. The local hospital and baseball field are also located just a couple blocks away. Lancaster has a thriving economy due to the high volume of tourism which makes this an ideal location for people looking to relax and heal for a day. The city is located in a humid continental climate; it experiences all four seasons; cold winters and hot summers. These climate conditions have influence on the building’s original design as it was constructed to maintain warm in the winters and cool in the summers an abundance of windows. The building, known as the Mary Reynolds’s Mansion, is over 8,000 square feet and comprises of three floors and a basement. Although its original architect is unknown, the Georgian style mansion was built in 1894. Inhabited by multiple occupations throughout the years, it was recently purchased in 2011 by Visage-a-Visage owner, Ray Broderick. At this time, it underwent an estimated $600,000 renovation,
Tina Stoltzfus, Ray’s daughter, was the interior designer for the massive restoration. Taking into consideration this high renovation cost, the rest of the interior was designed with refurbished and reused materials as a caution for the environment. This day spa is relevant to the wellness center because of its incorporation of adaptive reuse and massage therapy. Although the building suffered water damage and vandalism, its owners where still able to restore and reuse much of the original building. The spa also sees around fifty “purchases” a day, making it busy. Within the massage floor, there is a change in mood from the rest of the building is immediately recognizable. Clients do sense a feeling of relaxation and care when circulating around the space, as well as, during their treatment. Ray and his wife Darla Broderich are the private owners of the spa and together make a spontaneous, familyoriented couple with a passion for their trade. Their daughter, Tina, is just as avid about the spa as they are and together they ensure the business is maintained. The users of the space range from all ages, but the majority fall between the ages of 20-50 years old. These clients range from the middle to
upper class and vary 75% female, 25% male. As for the staff, there are more than thirty employees working at the day spa; majority of which are women.
CONCEPT & STYLE The building was designed as a Georgian style mansion. On the exterior it features classical ionic columns, decorative moldings, symmetrical fenestration, and a central entrance door. The interior demonstrates a boxed plan with a dominant central datum oriented from the front entrance to the back of the house; the datum becomes the main corridor within the space. In this sense the interior and exterior are holistically integrated with one another.
“The users of the space range from all ages, but the majority fall between the ages of 20 - 50 years old. These clients range from the middle to upper class and vary 75% female, 25% male.�
The building consists of three floors and a basement. The rooms are located adjacent to the central datum which creates a rectangular rhythm throughout the floors. As these rectangles progress throughout the space, there is hierarchy in the sizing of the rooms; the hierarchy of each room is shown through its square footage. The floors are then divided into the functions of the day spa. Public rooms are generally located on the main and second floor, where as private areas are confined to the third floor and basement. As a result, public spaces include the following: the main floor houses the entrance sequence, main event space, stylist rooms, and pantry spaces and the second floor consists of hair and nail rooms. The private rooms are comprised of the bridal suite, wax room, and couple massage rooms on the third floor and the massage rooms on the basement level. Circulation throughout the space is created with the central corridor; this allows quick access to multiple rooms. The stairs throughout the building are vertically aligned above one another permitting quick transitions from floor to floor. Wayfinding is included on a sign on each door indicating the function of
Fig. 3.11 | Third Floor
Fig. 3.12 | Second Floor
Fig. 3.13 | Basement Plan
31
the room. Also when a client walks in for an appointment, they are escorted to the appropriate room. Since the building is an adaptive reuse, the designers did their best to preserve and refinish all the existing parts of the building; making the project sustainable in that manner. The decorations used throughout the building are also recycled, repurposed, and refinished objects, such as the chandeliers and most of the furniture pieces. The paints chosen are low in volatile organic compound and contribute to the overall indoor air quality of the space. The predominant interior finishes are comprised of refurbished hard wood floors, vinyl upholstery, low VOC paints, and reused/repurposed practitioner tables and chairs. Restoring and reusing the existing floors was successful in saving money and time and maintaining the integrity of the historical building. The vinyl upholstery allows for easy cleaning and sanitizing between guest visits. Each particular service has a specific set of furniture in order for it to function properly. The massage rooms incorporate a table in the center and enough room for the practitioner to circulate around; in the 32
couples rooms there are two tables. The stylist rooms are comprised of three to four chairs and a cabinet with a mirror. The nail rooms also have about three to four tables and chairs. The overall color palette consists of whites, tans, and greys, with accents of powder blue and deep purples. The colors create a sense of tranquility that comforts both staff and guests into a welcoming and relaxing
“ Since the building is an adaptive reuse, the designers did their best to preserve and refinish all the existing parts of the building; making the project sustainable in that manner. “ atmosphere. Within the basement are the accents of deep purples, and with the dimmed lights, it promotes a peaceful and worry free mood. The building has multiple windows which stimulates the use of natural lighting throughout the space. Artificial lighting is used in areas such as the central corridor where the natural lighting is limited. In the basement, artificial lighting is used due to the
lack of windows. During sessions, lighting is kept at a minimum and just enough for the practitioners to see. The decorative elements of the space include the restored decorative moldings and paintings on the walls; they painted around any existing emblems and artwork hung on the walls. The decorative moldings are essential to the Georgian style period. The artwork displayed throughout the building embrace pieces from local artists that can be purchased at the spa; each work of art includes a price tag.
EVALUATION When speaking with the users there was a mutual agreement that the overall aesthetic appeals to a tranquil atmosphere. The renovations enhanced the building’s former life and altered it enough to appreciate the modern times. The amount of square footage is a advantage as it doubled what they had at their previous location and allowed the owners to expand their growing business. Much of the interior was salvaged and reused pieces that brought a unique style of its own and allowed each room to have its own personality. I also felt the interior designer, Tina, kept in mind the
existing building and made sure it was maintained. The one thing they would change is to enlarge the laundry room on the main floor so it may accommodate their growing business. I felt having the majority of the massage rooms on the basement floor was an appropriate placement because of the lack of light it already encouraged. It adds to the serene mood of an indoor massage. The one thing I would change on that level is the location of the changing rooms. One must go through the bar and event spa in order to access them and to some people that may be uncomfortable because that is a social space. When events are taking place, the changing rooms are then not accessible to other clients attending the spa. I felt it appropriate to have the bridal suite and couple massage rooms on the third floor because it gave them a sense of hierarchy, as well as seclusion which is appropriate for the functions of the rooms. The location of a pantry space on the main floor also always for food preparation for events that would take place in the solarium; located conveniently across the corridor. Overall I felt the design of the spa was successful in bringing in all the necessities needed within the day spa.
Fig. 3.14
Fig. 3.15
33
SPACES, ROOMS, & ADJACENCIES: ROOM
FUNCTION
APPROX. SQ. FT.
Vestibule
Transitional space
10
1
Reception
Greet and check guests in/out
250
1
Waiting Room
Guests wait to be attended
250
1
Wash Room
Wash Room
34
Wash all items used throughout the day Wash all items used throughout the day
QTY. ADJACENCIES
100
1
150
1
Restroom
Men/women
40
3
Kitchen
To serve guest drinks
100
1
Kitchen
Employee kitchen
120
1
Office
For office manager
150
1
Massage Room
Single person room
100
5
Couples Room
Two person room
150
4
Reception Waiting Room Vestibule Waiting Room Office Vestibule Wash Room Waiting Room Stylist Room Office Massage Rooms (3) Storage Varies- Stylist, Wax, Hair, Nail, Massage Rooms Wash room Event Space Employee lounge Restroom Wax room Bridal Suite
VISUAL/ ACOUSTICAL PRIVACY
NEEDS MET?
Low
Yes
Visual privacy for receptionists
Yes
Visual privacy from program rooms High Acoustical privacy to reduce noise High Acoustical privacy to reduce noise
Yes Too small, some noise does travel Yes
High
Yes
Medium
Yes
High
Yes
Reception Stylist Room
High
Yes
Massage rooms Bridal suite Massage Rooms, wax room
High to create tranquility High to create tranquility
Yes Yes
4
Shampoo room, Hair room, Stylist rooms
Medium
Yes
200
1
Hair room Stylist room
Medium
Yes
Haircuts, perms, relaxers etc.
200
1
Medium
Yes
Nail Room
Manicures, pedicures
200
1
Medium
Yes
Wax Room
Waxing
120
1
Medium
Yes
Changing Room
For guests to prepare themselves
High
Relocate so one does not walk through bar area
Employee Lounge
Place for employees during their breaks
High
Yes
High
Yes
Medium
Yes
Medium
Yes
Stylist Room
Hair styling, coloring, etc.
200
Shampoo Room
Washing/ rinsing hair prior to styling
Hair Room
100
200
1
1
Bridal Suite
For special events
200
1
Bar/Event Space
Lounge, drinks, for events
250
1
Lunch Room/Event Space
For guests/ employees, also serve as large event space
500
1
Stylist room Shampoo room Hair room Restroom Couples room Kitchen Restroom Massage rooms Bar/ event space Massage room Bridal suite Kitchen Couples room Wax room Employee lounge Kitchen Massage rooms Changing room Storage Stylist room Kitchen
35
PART II : THE ART OF WELLNESS The Art of Wellness, is located
within the Constitution Health Plaza in Philadelphia at 1930 South Broad Street, Unit 16. The health plaza, the former home of St. Agnes Hospital, was established in 1920 as a modern medical campus housing over 400,000 square feet of gross floor area.1 With this location, the building
36
serves a population of over 1.5 million from a convenient location that offers independent family practices as well as large outpatient care.2 In the heart of the city, its location offers multiple transportation options by way of bus, train, car, and by foot. There is also street parking and a public parking garage adjacent to the building.
Philadelphia has an assortment of restaurants, small shops, parks, and markets; all within walking distance of the Constitution Health Plaza. As the largest city in Pennsylvania, it is a large economic center attracting tourists from every part of the world. This attractions raises the population of Philadelphia creating a large pool of
Fig. 3.16
Fig. 3.17
37
Fig. 3.18 | Floor Plan | Focal Point
Fig. 3.19 | Floor Plan | Circulation
38
potential clients for a wellness center. Philadelphia is located in a humid continental climate; receiving all four seasons throughout the year. The climate condition and the density of the city prompted the plaza’s five-story construction in order to accommodate the vast amounts of people in the area. The Art of Wellness is a one level 1,425 square foot unit located off the main floor of the plaza. They recently relocated to the plaza as of January 20th 2014 from their previous location on 7th and Bainbridge. The interior designer to the space was the chief visionary officer and office manager, Emanuel Ramos; he made all the executive decisions on renovating the new space to fit the needs of the practice. Due to the small footprint and limited interior finishes, the space was roughly around $10,000 to renovate. This wellness center is relevant to the proposed wellness center because it offers many of the related programs that will be incorporated into the design. Although the square footage is much smaller, the Art of Wellness provides massage therapy, acupuncture, oriental medicine, nutritional consultations, psychotherapy, total body analysis, as well as tai chi, and yoga classes.
Therefore, the layout of the interior and the patient rooms were applicable as references to how a wellness center can function. Yan Q. Huo is the private owner for the Art of Wellness. Born in China, her father was a practitioner in Chinese Medicine, and she follows in his footsteps. She opened the Art of Wellness in 2009 where her goal is to help and teach others through a holistic approach.3 The users of the space range from 22-65 years old and primarily come from the middle class; women make up 60% of the clients, while men make of 40%.
Fig. 3.20 | Typical Massage Room
CONCEPT & STYLE The overall style concept of the Constitution Health Plaza falls under the international style of architecture; the plaza is five-stories and a ground floor, for a total of 404, 847 square feet.4 The Art of Wellness makes up a small portion of the plaza with a concept of a holistic flow. The majority of the spaces are public with the exception of the office and storage room. Within the space there is a transitional space that becomes the central focal point in which all the practitioner rooms revolve around; Fig. 3.21 | Acupuncture Room
39
this allows for easy circulation from room to room. The space is grouped into two; the entrance and waiting room and the practitioner areas. The interior finishes are comprised of white vinyl composite tile, fabric and vinyl upholstery, and reused furniture from their previous location. The vinyl upholstery is used within the patient rooms to allow for quick cleaning and sanitation. The floor is original to the plaza, although they redid the ceiling tile. Each practitioner room is includes a massage table and a small desk and chair. Their waiting room has four chairs and shelves for displaying products and a small office. The overall color palette consist of white walls with paintings and decorative sconces to allow for a tranquil mood. Since the wellness center is centrally located within the plaza, there are no windows to provide naturally lighting, therefore, artificial lighting is used all throughout the space. In order to create a peaceful mood, diffused lighting is used and the overhead lighting is typically kept off. The paintings displayed within the spaces are tranquil scenes of beaches, oceans, and peaceful wildlife; not much else is displays.
40
Fig. 3.22
EVALUATION After speaking with the staff, the greatest strength they found after the move was the ample street and garage parking adjacent to the building. At their previous location, they observed that as more restaurants were brought to the area, the harder it was to find parking. This hassle brought stress to the staff which made them realize that their clients must be feeling stressed as well; anxious about not being late to an appointment because they cannot find parking. The staff also agreed that the circulation throughout the space was convenient. They enjoyed how they could go from one room to the next without confusion. They also liked the white walls as it brought a more medical feel which is what they were aiming for; they recently rebranded before they relocated. When it comes to parking, I agree that there is ample availability as I did not have a hard time when I visited. In addition, I also find the circulation to be straight forward; it helps that the office is small. The convenience of entering into the waiting room and then transitioning
to an open area that leads to all the practitioner rooms was well designed. Although, I did not enjoy the bland white walls with paintings as I felt like I was at a medical office which is not the feeling I would want going to a wellness center. Furthermore, some of the paintings just seemed to be placed on a wall with little thought which I did not appreciate. The space was also small and I found it inconvenient that they must rent out space for yoga and tai chi classes; it makes their schedule less flexible. Fig. 3.23
“ There are no windows to provide naturally lighting, therefore, artificial lighitng is used all throughout the space. In order to create a peaceful modd, diffused lighitng is typically kept off�
Fig. 3.24
41
SPACES, ROOMS, & ADJACENCIES:
NEEDS MET?
ROOM
FUNCTION
Waiting Room
Guests wait to be attended
104
1
Reception/ Office Pantry
Low
Yes
Reception/ Office
Greet and check guests in/out
70
1
Waiting Room Patient Rooms
Medium
Yes
Massage Room
Single person room
120
2
High to create tranquility
Yes
Acupuncture Room
Single person room
100
1
High to create tranquility
Yes
Psychotherapy Room
Single person room, or couples
121
1
High due to confidentiality
Yes
70
2
Low
Yes
10
1
Low
Yes
Storage Pantry
42
VISUAL/ ACOUSTICAL PRIVACY
APPROX. SQ. FT.
Place to keep documents and supplies For employee use
QTY. ADJACENCIES
Psychotherapy Room Storage Massage Room Psychotherapy Room Massage Rooms Acupuncture Room Massage Room Panty Storage Waiting Room
Fig. 3.25
43
PART III : P.W.C.C. SPA & FITNESS CENTER The Prince of Wales Country
Club is located in Santiago, Chile. The spa and fitness center was designed collaboratively by PLAN Arquitectos and Loroworks Architects in 2005. The two firms refurbished the existing 9,687 square feet while constructing 12,916 square feet of new space over two levels.
44
The spa and fitness center is relevant to the proposed wellness center because of its incorporation of fitness and spa under one roof and the concept of adaptive reuse. The building’s style allows for a twist onto modern design of fitness and spa centers and the impact they can have on the community. The average user
of this space ranges from 20 – 45 years of age from middle to upper class. Located within the largest urban city in Chile, Santiago, the design of the Prince of Wales Country Club incorporated its own tranquility by surrounding itself with trees and landscape expanding the 585.33 acre property. This planning
Fig. 3.26
Fig. 3.27
45
allows the country club to have its own atmosphere within the city; it helps promote well-being. Santiago is located in central Chile within the temperate Mediterranean climate. The average temperature is sixty-seven degrees Fahrenheit and little rain.
CONCEPT & STYLE
Fig. 3.28
46
Fig. 3.29
The Prince of Wales Country Club is within the Chilotan architecture style. This style features exposed wood and wooden shingles as shown on the exterior. For the renovations, the Club’s owners, who remain anonymous, wanted to “re-new their member’s interest by updating their leisure and sport services, promoting the informal meeting and intensifying general use during the week.”1 The club had very “consolidated facilities and exteriors, so the implanting strategy considered an underground sports platform, placed under the Club House’s north gardens, designed in such as way which would balance the existing eclectic architecture.”2 Much of the new construction does not obstruct the original look of the building and “the functional union of the facilities takes place underground, through the ramps on both sides which are
directed towards the underground swimming pool and gymnasium.3 As well as balancing the existing style, “building underground allows the existing sports fields that are above ground to remain as they are, which is of great importance to [the owners].”4 Altogether, “the project consists of a simple and versatile pavilion, which proposes a great curved wall that would maintain a harmonic rhythm with the land.”5 This new pavilion contains swimming pools and “illuminates different areas by cenital light. On the other side of the curved wall, the project presents an open court that brings light to the inner spaces.”6 On the first level there are two bridges which connects the existing building with the new sports areas.7 The walkways lead to the green roof of the new facility and creates a cohesive circulation to all the amenities. The circular lights on the green roof help illuminate the spaces below and create a spherical repetition on the landscape. On the underground level, a walkway and outdoor patio unites the two buildings which creates a flow between the spa, fitness center, activity rooms, and cafeteria. The angled glass wall separating the patio from the pool and spa areas generates
KEY 1. Swimming Pool 2. Spa 3. Fitness Center 4. Patio 5. Walk way 6. Cafeteria 7. Activities Room1 8. Activities Room2 9. Ceiba Tree
Fig. 3.30 | Underground Level | Asymmetry
KEY 1. Bridge 1 2. Bridge 2 3. Patio 4. Walk way 5. Green Roof
Fig. 3.31 | First Floor | Rhythm of Repetition
47
Fig. 3.32
48
Fig. 3.33
Fig. 3.34 | Longitudinal Section - South
Fig. 3.35 | Longitudinal Section - West
an asymmetrical plan from which all the other rooms extend from. The interior to the addition consists of wood and stone flooring, tile and glass walls, and concrete ceilings. The equipment in the fitness areas are upholstered in vinyl to allow for sanitizing. With large spans of window walls, much of the interior receives natural daylighting. Incorporated along the curved wall is a series of cenital lights. This lighting system captures the natural sunlight and directs it deeply into the interior rooms. This promotes sustainability and reduces the overall electricity use in the facility. Artificial lighting is used in the interior spaces further away from the natural light. The building follows a
complementary color scheme of neutral whites, greys, browns, with accents of yellow or the blue. The majority of these colors come from the natural stone, tile, and water used within the interior spaces. The introduction blues in the spa areas creates a sense of tranquility while yellow in the fitness areas generates excited and motivation during exercise.
EVALUATION Overall, the integration of an underground facility with the original building was successful in maintaining the integrity of the Chilotan style. The use of bridges allows for a sensitive connection between the existing and new spaces without completely
changing the exterior landscape of the country club. With the new interest in sustainability, the addition of the cenital lights is an essential part of incorporating natural daylighting to the interior spaces and reducing the dependency on artificial lighting. The placement of spaces also succeeds in creating a direct pathway between each room. This creates an ease of circulation that leaves no confusion for its users. The addition of the undulating wall also creates a visual rhythm of repetition that enhances the tranquility within the interior. The neutral colors generate a sense of calmness as well as sophistication. The project was cohesively composed and allows for members to get the relaxation and well-being they desire. 49
SPACES, ROOMS, & ADJACENCIES: ROOM
50
FUNCTION
APPROX. SQ. FT.
QTY. ADJACENCIES
Walkway
Transitional space
-
1
Bridge
Connection between the facilities
-
2
Cafeteria
For members and staff
-
1
Swimming Pool
Aerobics
-
1
Spa
Therapeutic and relaxation
Fitness Center
Aerobics and weight lifting
-
1
Patio
Provides outdoor seating
-
1
Activities Room
For group activities
-
2
Green Roof
Incorporated into the landscape
-
1
-
1
Patio Activities Room Cafeteria Patio Green Roof Original Building Walkway Activities Room Spa Fitness Center Patio Fitness Center Swimming Pool Spa Swimming Pool Patio Swimming Pool Spa Walkway Cafeteria Walkway Fitness Center Patio Bridges Walkway
VISUAL/ ACOUSTICAL PRIVACY
NEEDS MET?
Low
Yes
Low
Yes
Medium
Yes
Low
Yes
Medium
Yes
Medium
Yes
Low
Yes
Medium
Yes
Low
Yes
Fig. 3.36
51
PART IV : ORHIDELIA WELLNESS Orhidelia
Wellness is located in Podcetrtek, Solvenia. The name “Orhidelia� comes from the orchid flower which in the classical era was believed to have miraculous power for healing.1 This center has since then developed into a sanctuary of restoration and strength for its community.
52
The building was collaboratively designed by Enota (architects) and Bruto (landscape architects in 2009 for a total budget of $16,413,280.2 The 107,531 square foot project consists of two floors that integrate themselves around the landscape. Orhidelia Wellness is relevant to the wellness center because of its
modern design and incorporation of adaptive reuse. The design of the building uses the surrounding landscape as inspiration for its concept and integrates the land into its plan with the materials and technology used to construct it. Unlike hospital health and wellness centers, Orhidelia offers a holistic visual of tranquility
Fig. 3.37
Fig. 3.38
53
54
Fig. 3.39 | Sections
through its construction and use of curtain walls without a static medical feel. Its inviting facades are in unity with nature and further support the comfort and therapy to guests. The center also unites the existing buildings within the compound creating a contemporary and cohesive complex. Enota and Bruto’s client was Terme Olimia, a center for vitality, beauty, leisure, and relaxation. It is comprised of multiple facilities including a spa, wellness and health center, hotels, and a thermal aquatic park.3 This company is known to look forward and invest in new types of accommodations that will help the wellbeing of its guests. Their commitment to the well-being of their guests is their basic promise and guiding principle engendered in all of their services.4 Typical users of Orhidelia are between the ages of 20 – 50 years old from middle to upper class. These guest are both local to the area as well as tourists that come from all over the world. The building offers multiple pools and saunas as well as nutritional foods and a bar. During a daily, weekly, and monthly basis the wellness center offers access to multiple pools, saunas, massages, nutritional foods, aquatic therapy, and physiotherapy.
Guests come here to rejuvenate and are welcomed to lodge in one of the five hotels within Terme Olimia. The center is located in the north-eastern lowlands of Slovenia within the continental climate. The average temperature in July averages to 68 degrees Fahrenheit and the summer to winter temperatures are known to differ significantly as snow becomes frequent.5.In the rural area of Slovenia surrounded by farmlands and scattered developments, the wellness center invites visitors with is healing and warming thermal waters.
Fig. 3.40
CONCEPT & STYLE Orhidelia is a contemporary style building attracting guests through its folding exterior and nature inspired interior. The main design goal for the building is “to diminish as much as possible its presence in the surroundings. Since the demanded program of wellness center is very extensive and in parts it demands overcoming great spans and big heights of inner spaces, putting up classically conceived building on central green plot would fill up last remaining open area in thermal complex and largely degraded its spatial 55
Fig. 3.41 | First Floor Plan
56
Fig. 3.42 | Second Floor Plan
57
Fig. 3.43
58
Fig. 3.44
quality.”6 Therefore this new wellness center is designed like a landscape arrangement rather than a building.7 The exterior walls create folding elevations that “appear like supporting walls dividing different levels of landscape surfaces.8 There is a central walking path that generates a stretched datum over the roof and allows guests to see completely new and different experiences of the site.9 On either side of this main datum, there are inner roads that connect to the path and form “two smaller public squares to control the speed of vehicles and ultimately gives advantage to pedestrians over vehicular 10 traffic.” Altogether, the complex searches for existing single buildings rather than “searching for its own expression and claiming its space.”11 The building takes advantage of the natural daylight with its large expanses of glazing that bring in light to both floors. Artificial lighting is used within the private spaces that are away from the large windows as well as in the public spaces to be used during the night. Another factor that allows as much natural sunlight as possible is the thin roof structure. By creating multiple column supports and integrating smaller columns into them,
the architects were able to create a thin roof profile which supported more daylighting. In addition, the “tree-like” supports and triangular roof allowed the numerous interior pools to be unobstructed by the multitude of columns that would have been needed to support the rooftop. The interior spaces balance the exterior with its continuation of folding elements that separate the spaces. Much of the open areas are public while the private spaces are off to the side and out of view. The interior has a luxurious and cheerful atmosphere with its dark floors, medium toned walls, black painted columns, and “colored” water. The building interior is constructed of steel, glass, and decompressed wood that complement the extravagance of the space. The flooring is a combination of tile and bare concrete that go along with the duality of the space. Within the pools, light changes the look of the water so guests are always relaxing in “colored” water appealing to a more passive experience. The complementary color scheme creates an achromatic mixture of whites, greys and blacks, with accents of pink, purple, and yellow. The combination of the cold
concrete and tile with the warmth of the wood reassures the concept of having the building blend into the environment. The colors also stimulate a healthy and healing atmosphere.
EVALUATION Overall, Orhidelia’s modern interior brings forth a new twist on wellness centers. It is a prime example of how a space of healing can turn away from the “medical” look and more towards a hospitality atmosphere. The materials used for its construction encompass a tranquil center with reverberates its relaxation to its guests leaving them satisfied. The integration of nature and having the building “blend in” to the environment also allowed for the concept of integrated interior column supports and a reduction in the amount of columns meeting the floor. The thoroughness of this structure system provided the correct means for creating an open concept space with large pools uninterrupted by columns. The architects put a great deal of thought into its design that even the color of the water was a part of the concept.
59
SPACES, ROOMS, & ADJACENCIES:
60
ADJACENCIES
VISUAL/ ACOUSTICAL PRIVACY
NEEDS MET?
ROOM
FUNCTION
APPROX . SQ. FT.
Entrance
Combination indoor/outdoor transitional space
-
1
Exterior pools Lounge
Low
Yes
Spa
Therapeutic and relaxation
-
Multiple
Interior pools Saunas
Low
Yes
Massage Areas
Therapeutic
-
Multiple
Medium
Yes
Saunas
Heated room
-
Multiple
High
Yes
Exterior Thermal Pools
Thermal therapeutic waters
-
Multiple
Low
Yes
Interior Thermal Pools
Thermal therapeutic waters
-
Multiple
Low
Yes
Lounge
Public space
-
Multiple
Medium
Yes
Restrooms
For guests and staff
-
2
High
Yes
QTY.
Interior pools Saunas Interior pools Spa Lounge Entrance Interior pools Spa Exterior pools Spa Lounge Interior pools Spa Interior pools Spas
Fig. 3.45
61
62 Fig. 4.1
Design & Technical Criteria
4 Fig. 4.2
Fig. 4.3
63
INTRODUCTION Every
building type is programmed towards a specific function. These functions are unique to the nature of work in the facility, and therefore, require specific design guidelines in order to recognize the needs of the building and its user groups. These stringent guiding principles are enforced to create effectively operating spaces that protect the health, life safety, and welfare of the public. Within a wellness center, it is necessary to create a welcoming atmosphere that motivates as well as promotes healing in order to attract patients and have them leaving satisfied.
64
Fig. 4.4
FURNITURE, FINISHES, & EQUIPMENT W
ellness centers provide a variety of services which all need unique furniture, finishes, and equipment. These furnishing and finish requirements allow each department to function properly and maintain safety standards. For physical and occupational therapy rooms, adjustable treatment tables, seating with arms, parallel bars, and worktables adaptable to a variety of activities are necessities. These objects must all be accessible to all patients and accommodate for any impairments. In addition, storage is crucial to house the supplies needed during treatment. The fitness areas will need ample room for exercise equipment and classroom space with bars for aerobic workouts. Due to the high traffic of people, finishes should be durable, easily cleanable, and anti-bacterial. Vinyl upholsteries and With the incorporation of a gymnasium, fitness center, and locker rooms, where people will be active and perspiring, finishes should not be absorbent but instead repeal moisture. This will aid in maintaining a healthy and sanitary
Fig. 4.5
environment. Within the fitness and aerobic areas, the flooring should be able to withstand the weight of the heavy equipment and be slip resistant to prevent accidents. The public areas that do not serve as treatment or fitness areas may be designed with less stringency in terms of the specific type of furniture and equipment needed. In the reception and lobby areas, desks, seating, and tables may be left to the designers choosing. Although, these areas still require durable furniture and finishes that are compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act that requires universal accessibility.
65
Plan 1
Plan 2
Plan 3
Fig 4.6| These plans show three dressing-locker room arrangements, each with its own particular advantages. Dressing lockers are marked with X’s. Plan 1: Storage lockers are grouped in a small space for economy in drying uniforms with forced warm air; some congestion may result from dressing lockers being next to one another. Plan 2: Distributing dressing lockers over the entire area gives each participant ample dressing space. Plan 3: Distributing dressing lockers over the entire suite; units can be installed in any number desired and lend themselves to group dressing method for girls. By constructing walls A, B, C, and D putting a grille to ceiling above locker tiers and installing grille sliding doors at E, each unit becomes a complete dressing room for community use. Walls A, B, C, and D can be omitted and gates F added to get some use and permit towel service and toilet units to be installed at points A and D.
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Equipment List:
1. Posture Mirror 2. Parallel Bars 3. Steps 4. Stall Bars 5. Gym Mat 6. Stationary Bicycle 7. Sayer Head Sling Attached to Ceiling 8. Pulley Weights 9. Shoulder Wheel 10. Gym Mat Hooks 11. Cart with Open Shelves 12. Open Shelves 13. Wheel Chair 14. Shelf 15. Wall Hooks 16. Wall Cabinet 17. Lavatory, Gooseneck Spout 18. Water Closet 19. Hand Rail 20. Waste Paper Receptacle 21. Portable Equipment 22. Adjustable Chair 23. Whirlpool 24. Chair 25. Table 26. Chair, preferable with arms
27. Wheel Stretcher 28. Desk 29. Swivel Chair 30. File Cabinet 31. Bookcase 32. Bulletin Board 33. Wall Desk (counter, shelf below) 34. Lavatory, Gooseneck Spout and Foot Control 35. Wall Cabinet with Lock 36. Treatment Table, Storage below 37. Mirror and Glass Shelf over Lavatory 38. Adjustable Stool 39. Laundry Hamper 40. Sink with Drainboard 41. Paraffin Bath 42. Glass Shelf over Sink 43. Overbed Trapeze 44. Three Single Outlets on separate branch circuits, 1 outlet 2-pole, 2 outlets 3-pole 45. Folding Door 46. Cubicle Curtain 47. Under Water Exercise 48. Overhead Lift 49. Coat Rack 50. Telephone Outlet
Fig. 4.7 | Physical Therapy Basic Office Plans
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Fig. 4.8 | Health Club Space Plans
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Fig. 4.9 | Gymnasium Plan
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Fig. 4.10
ERGONOMICS A
s in all types of buildings, designing with the human in minds is essential. Therefore, proper integration of ergonomics, anthropomorphic and proximetrics must be considered. Ergonomics takes into consideration the design of objects so its users interact more proficiently and carefully with them. Within a wellness center, all furniture and equipment must accommodate the diversity of the patients as well as the employees. This includes examine and treatment tables, chairs, desks, exercise equipment, and all utilities. Anthropomorphic design takes into account the human body and its needs in terms of dimensions. All objects that is meant for human interaction in some way must be accessible. As a result, all types of circulation (stairs, elevators, and corridors) must be maintain certain minimum dimensions that allow for universal use. In addition, grab bars, pantry areas, equipment, reception areas, drinking fountains, and objects a person will come into contact with must not exclude a person due to distance.
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Proximetrics is the use of space and how certain distances, eye contact, smells, and sounds affect how people react amongst each other. Wellness centers should create an atmosphere of motivation and healing. The design will take into consideration the five senses of the human body in order to create a tranquil and inspirational environment.
Fig. 4.11 | Physical Therapy Exercise Area Sample Layouts
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Fig. 4.12
MATERIALS D
ue to the constant traffic of guests and staff, as well as the patients in wheelchairs or crutches, materials must be durable and able to withstand rough usage while also requiring low maintenance. Interior wall surfaces must be durable as well as attractive and in physical therapy and occupational therapy areas and wall protection should be utilized to shield against wheelchairs, carts, and stretchers.1 Ceramic wall tile or glazed structural units can serve the purpose as well, although they resemble the institutional character of the hospital and subsequently should be minimized in patient areas.2 Vinyl wallcovering has gained a popularity in modern day as a substitute for these other methods of wall protection; applied either partially or entirely to the walls. In swimming and therapy pools, the wall and floor finish must be constructed out of masonry, tile or any other inert and impervious material in addition to being durable.3 The finish also has to be moderately smooth and either a light color or white. Overall, all flooring should be
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slip resistant to prevent accidents. This is essential in areas where there will be excess moisture from water or human perspiration such as swimming and fitness spaces. Patients should feel safe when circulating around the facility. Research into color studies assists designers in creating therapeutic schemes that add to the healing and motivational atmosphere of a wellness center. Cool colors such as blues are considered to be calming and restful, making them applicable colors in a restorative environment. Light colors are known to be stimulating and energetic making them perfect for fitness rooms.
Fig. 4.13
LIGHTING P
roper lighting is essential in every building type, and for sustainable purposes, the use of natural daylighting should always maintain a priority. For those areas where artificial lighting is needed, designers must understand the proper lumen output, intensity, and color temperature desired. Lumens are known as the amount of light emitted by a lamp and its intensity differs depending on the light source. In areas of concentration, such as offices, treatment rooms, and fitness areas, the intensity of the light source should be enough to allow for clear visibility. Other areas, such as spa and massage rooms, the brightness or luminance of the lamp is not required to be as high as in spaces of concentration since low lighting is often acceptable in creating a relaxing and meditation environment. Color temperature is used to determine the color rendering capabilities of a light source; measured in degrees Kelvin. The color rendering index then compares light sources to a standard lamp with a white light source. This minimizes the color variation of
objects as they are moved throughout different spaces within a facility. Although artificial lighting is a quick way to direct lighting within a space, designers must always consider the existing fenestration. Daylighting distributes a uniform light throughout the day, which creates cohesiveness. In order to further illuminate a space, surfaces with matte finishes and use of light colors help reflect more light and make a space look brighter. Overall, a typical rule to practice is to not introduce more light than needed during the summer months.1
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Fig. 4.14
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN A
s a wellness center, it is perhaps seen as vital to incorporate healthy building practices that protect the health of its users as well as the environment. There are numerous systems and design practices today that incorporate the reuse of rain water, maintain good indoor air quality, take advantage of natural daylighting, are energy efficient, and include materials and furnishings that are low in volatile organic compounds and off-gassing chemicals. Studies have shown the positive outcomes of natural daylighting with the effect it has on people, in addition to being an energy saver. Along with natural daylighting, the incorporation of views to the outside tends to lift people’s mood, causing them to be motivated and more productive than if they were to be in a room with all artificial lighting and minimal contact with the outdoors.
Fig. 4.15 | The three main types of solar space heating systems (a) Direct gain, (b) thermal storage wall, and (c) sunspace.
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Fig. 4.16
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A| Air from an upper wall register should be thrown about three-quarters the distance across a room before it drops to the level of peoples heads.
B| Floor registers cannot serve large spaces. They are good at countering the heating or cooling effect of windows.
C| Proper airflow pattern from a ceiling diffuser. Fig. 4.17
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Fig. 4.18
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Fig. 4.20
ACOUSTIC CONTROL I
n a wellness center, it is essential to group clinical functions away from fitness areas to maintain good acoustical control.1 In addition, in the swimming and therapy pool areas, the design should incorporate baffles or other devices that control and reduce the echo effect.2 Acoustical control is not just vital for aesthetical purposes but also in terms of communication. For example, arthritis patients who are receiving aqua therapy must be able to hear the instructor. Furthermore, since many people suffering with arthritis are elderly, acoustics become essential during these treatments.3 Acoustical control becomes much more pertinent in spaces where confidential information is shared, such as consultation, evaluation, and treatment rooms. These can be areas where patients want a sense of privacy, and therefore, common walls and potential openings where sound could travel should be properly taken care of. These conditions include, doors, intersections between walls and ceilings, outlet locations, and materials chosen.
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Fig. 4.21 | Speech level in dBA
Fig. 4.22 | Examples of sound-absorbing treatment schemes to reduce ceiling reflections 79
Fig. 4.23 80
Fig. 4.24 81
Fig. 4.25
WAYFINDING & SIGNAGE W
ayfinding systems must be exceptionally clear and leave no room for surprises. They provide visual control where staff members may not be able to verbally direct patients. When people navigate a space for the first time, they face a series of decisions as they head towards their destination. There should be a rhythm of spaces with a clear logic where patients and visitors have a strong understanding of their destination In order to begin the design process, the designer must comprehend the daily patterns of anticipated visitors and apply this logic to the planning phase.2 In The Wayfinding Handbook: Information Design for Public Places , David Gibson explains, “The job of a wayfinding designer is to present information in public spaces that helps facilitate a seamless visitor experience. In other words, the necessary sequence of movement should feel as effortless and simplified as possible so that ten steps, for instance, seem to require only two or three.”3 Along with proper wayfinding comes the use of signage. Signs
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act as a visual symbol for displaying room names, functions, and location types.4 Within a wellness center, it is essential that these signs be comprehendible which necessitates using appropriate sizing and legible fonts. This becomes pertinent as there will be people of all ages attention the facility and visual capabilities may vary. In addition, the use of contrasting colors aids communicating.
“The job of a wayfinding designer is to present information in public spaces that helps facilitate a seamless visitor experience. In other words, the necessary sequence of movement should feel as effortless and simplified as possible so that ten steps, for instance, seem to require only two or three.”
Fig. 4.27 | Visual Distance from Signage
Fig. 4.26 | Letter Visibility Chart
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Identification Signs
Directional Signs
Regulatory Signs
Fig. 4.28 | Examples of wayfinding types
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CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING SYSTEMS T
he swimming and therapy pools must be constructed of a durable material and designed to withstand all anticipated loading for both pool empty and pool full conditions.1 There will also be provisions made for the relief of pressures which might occur as result of unbalanced exterior hydrostatic pressures or means shall be provided for positive and continuous drainage from under the pool floor or around the pool walls, whether ground water is present or might occur in the near future.2 In addition, the indoor relative humidity should be kept at 50 to 60 percent which can be challenging in a building that houses both fitness and clinical functions. This may require a special air-handling unit to supply constant air volumes to various spaces. Another engineering consideration is the maintenance of air changes to refresh the environment without allowing chlorine odors to invade common spaces. Some patients receiving treatment may be sensitive to such odors and therefore it is vital that it be controlled properly.3
Fig. 4.29
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UNIVERSAL DESIGN, ADA, & CODE
Fig. 4.30
A
ll areas of the wellness center should be handicapped accessible. In addition, there should be handrails with frequent areas of rest and water fountains available. It is also essential to include communication devices of some sort. Incorporated into the design, wellness centers typically include telemetry particularly around the running track.1 Protruding objects are not allowed to reduce the clear width of an accessible route or maneuvering space below the minimum requirement.2 Although, objects mounted with their leading edge at or below 2 feet 3 inches above the finished floor may protrude any amount.3 In addition, objects that are fixed to the wall surface may project more than 4 inches if mounted with the lower extreme of their loading edge at or below 2 feet 3 inches above the finished floor but not into the minimum clear width.4 Swimming pools, therapy pools, spa pools, should all include guardrails and ladders. In addition they are required to have sloped entries or pool stairs, and floor space
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for pool lifts. When pools are opened to the public they must be accessible to everyone including those with disabilities. If a portable pool lift is too be implemented, it may be stored when the pool is closed but it must be by the poolside and fully functional during hours of operation. For locker rooms, if there is a cluster, 5% or at least one locker must be fully accessible. There should be an accessible route of at least 36” and a clear space of 48”x30” to accomodate a wheelchair. Benches are required in dressing, fitting, locker rooms, saunas, and steam rooms. There must be clear floor space for people use are using wheelchairs to approach parallel to the short end of the bench. If benches are located in wet areas, these floors must be slip-resistant and designed not to accumulate excess water.
“ All areas of the wellness center should be handicapped accessible and should not exclude those with disabilities”
Fig. 4.31| Able-Bodied Man and Woman
Man with Walking Aid | Man and Woman on Crutches 87
Fig. 4.32 | Walkway Clearances
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Fig. 4.33 | Drinking Fountains
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110 Fig. 5.1
TOPICAL EXPLORATIONS
5 Fig. 5.2
Fig. 5.3
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WHAT MOTIVATES? Research
has narrowed down the factors that motivate people to continue to exercise and continue with their therapeutic sessions into the following categories: psychological, cognitive and emotional factors; behavioral attributes and skills; social and cultural influences; and physical environment and/or physical activity characteristics. Analyzing each of these factors allows designers to better understand the attributes that
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make an environment appealing to clients. Therefore, creating facilities that attract potential patients and keep them wanting to return.
PSYCHOLOGICAL Research shows that the primary psychological factor associated with exercise adherence and motivation is a person’s physical self-efficacy.1 In “What Motivates
People To Exercise”, Len Kravitz defines self-efficacy as “a person’s confidence in her or his ability to do exercise and be consistent with workouts.”2 While men are more involved with physical activity and have a shown to be naturally stronger than women, it is essential that women gain this self-efficacy in order to grow selfworth, which is also a key factor for motivation. It is proven that “the more people think they can successfully do
Fig. 5.4
Fig. 5.5
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exercise, the more likely they are to [be motivated] to an exercise program” and better themselves. Whether that be through exercise, physical therapy, occupational therapy, or massages. The professionals within the facility must also empower their patients to succeed. This affirmation encourages progress and has the visitors wanting to come back. In addition, the programs that are offered should be instructed in such a way that clients are successful with every visit.
BEHAVIORAL ATTRIBUTES Studies have shown that there is a positive association between maintaining a healthy diet and adhering to exercising.3 The “affirmative health-related outcomes that people detect and appreciate from an exercise program” are the principals of what makes them want to come back and continue.4 In addition, “consistent exercisers seek a high quality of life and prioritize special time in their schedule to be physically active.”5 As a result, they allow themselves the realization that their goal is obtainable and confirm that they are worthy enough to continue bettering themselves. This assurance that exercise improves 114
the quality of life is a key motivating factor that keeps people exercising.6 Precise awareness of “actual fitness gains being achieved is also motivating to many individuals and increases their competence and exercise adherence.”7 Therefore, it is essential that people understand it may take months from the start of their program to see outcomes and this is where setting realistic goals aids in maintaining motivation. Also, assessments and reporting improvements is critically important in encouraging the commitment to exercising.8 Along with assessments, positive feedback from fitness professionals and doctors, “within a supportive exercise atmosphere”, is considered consequential to sustaining motivation.9 As proficiency in exercise
“Consistent exercisers seek a high quality of life and prioritize special time in their schedule to be physically active. As a result, they allow themselves the realization that their goal is obtainable” Fig. 5.6
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improves, people begin to develop confidence in their ability to achieve new and “more specific and more challenging goals, and thus (with the help of their personal trainer) they set these new goals into action” as their motivation continues to increase.10
SOCIAL & CULTURAL INFLUENCES Numerous studies show that social support from a significant other or meaningful friend is highly associated with the growth of motivation.11 Often exercise professionals partner their clients with a “buddy” or group to aid in developing the drive to do more. Having a large group of people with similar goals and having clients witness each other’s successes helps them believe in themselves as well and how obtainable their objectives are.
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT Research shows that easy access to workout facilities enhances a person’s probability to adhere to exercising.12 Therefore, locating a facility within close proximity to neighborhoods and places with a high population of people is ideal. 116
This allows them to quickly make it to their timed session and even promotes walking or biking if it is within a reasonable distance. Another factor that motivates people to continue their attendance is their satisfaction with the workout equipment and the perception that it is safe and the facility as a whole is user-friendly.13 Older buildings with run down equipment make a person question the reliability of the machines. They may begin to think about the probability that it may fail, and if it does, what would happen to them and that fear is just not worth their valuable time. Furthermore, it adds unnecessary stress, which for some, may perhaps be one of the things that working out helps them relieve.
COLOR’S EFFECT ON MOTIVATION Another way of considering how environments effect a person’s personality and drive is the relationship between color and stimulation. People are diverse and react to spaces accordingly depending upon their varying characters. Psychologists have divided personality into two groups; introverts and extroverts. They have determined that people will not
“ It is essential that people understand it may take months from the start of their program to see outcomes and this is where setting realistic goals aids in maintaining motivation “ be happy in a surrounding that is contradicting to their personalities; such as an extrovert in a calm and passive environment.14 Although, “wrong conclusions should not be drawn from these facts. The extroverted personality type at times also needs to find tranquility including visual tranquility.”15 The conclusion is that these points lean toward the need for a variety of design in order to capture the needs of the wavering population. Designers who understand these personality types create successful environments that work according to their needs. Bright colors are seen as stimulating, and therefore, have been shown to promote motivation. In addition, large patterns can be inspiring and thought-provoking as well, creating incentive not just to be active but to continue doing so.
Fig. 5.7
Fig. 5.8
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WHAT ENERGIZES? A
s motivation encourages patients to continue attending the wellness center, they develop an energetic characteristic. Designers have the responsibility to maintain this drive as they create an interior that matches the energy of its patients with a dynamism of its own. The use of certain colors can
initiate energy and the most effective are reds and violets. These two “stimulating colors boost [people’s] energy level by causing the body to pump out more adrenaline.”16 These “high-energy colors are especially good in offices, entryways, small sitting rooms, or staircases.”17 Although there are some precautions
where if designers want their guests to “feel inspired by not wired, [they] add just a touch [of color] here and there –red-leather magazine caddy or even a big bunch of fresh red or purple flowers” are just as effective.18 Red is also found to be associated with aggression, passion, and boldness, making it an ideal choice
Fig. 5.9
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Fig. 5.10
Fig. 5.11
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Fig. 5.12
“ Stimulating colors boost people’s energy level by causing the body to pump out more adrenaline ” for workout areas.19 Along with these strong traits, red is symbolic of the sun’s energy which becomes more effective when combined with natural light.20 Red is an “emotionally intense color which enhances human metabolism, increases respiration rate, and raises blood pressure.”21 Therefore, its use within fitness areas allows guests to be stimulated and increase their activity levels. Although, it is essential to maintain a balance of its use with other colors so that a person’s senses are not over-stimulated. Studies have shown that “too much red could create a feeling of restlessness instead of the desired result of invigorating [a patient’s] senses.”22 If this is the case, designers can use other hues of red such as mauve, orange, gold, peach, pink, and yellow.23 Purple “combines the stability of blue and the energy of red.”24 It is associated with power, luxury, and ambition which creates a determination for patients. Within wellness centers this determination is a factor that lifts patient spirits. Fig. 5.13
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WHAT CALMS? With all of life’s endeavors,
people frequently forget to take time and relax, to take care of themselves and reflect on healing. Often the buildings people come in contact with either add or take away from that tension the forms throughout the week. Designers have a responsibility to aid in helping people feel at ease, comfortable
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with the interior environment that they come across day after day. For the proposed wellness center, it is essential that the atmosphere felt is just as calming as it is energizing. Patients will be arriving to the facility seeking rehabilitation and healing. Although they do need motivation and energy to keep them actively
Fig. 5.14
seeking treatment, they also need to be able to calmly redirect themselves.
ACCESS TO NATURE In “Functional Color and Design in Healthcare Environments”, studies have shown that “Ninety-five percent of all individuals who are asked how to alleviate a stressful situation respond that they are most comforted and soothed by being outdoors.”25 Furthermore, they specifically noted that in situations of stress, they like to engage all of their senses in order to help calm themselves.26 As a wellness center, the proposed facility will have physical and mental wellbeing as one of their top priorities. Here is where design professionals learn to add strong references to nature in healthcare environments in order to reduce stress and pain and replenish the human condition.27 Using natural sunlight to illuminate spaces is an essential part of a healthy well-being. It is evident that people respond better in situations where they have views of the
Fig. 5.15
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outdoors instead of feeling confined within structural manmade walls. Designers can find ways to bring in interior gardens within facilities to help alleviate the sense of being apart from nature. These “healing gardens offer a way to blur the lines between indoors and outdoors” causing patient stress levels to decline.28 In addition, roof gardens provide more ways to access nature while also changing the views from the typical therapy rooms. What once seemed costly and frivolous, the introduction of daylight deep into a large facility “has proven differently giving design teams the freedom to use daylight as a standard light source for interiors.”29 Bringing in nature and natural elements within a facility that promotes a healthy lifestyle offers reassurance to its patients that they “practice what they preach”. As nature mends itself, so are the patients and together they reinforce that healing is a promising outcome, although it may take time to achieve. The concept of biophilia talks about how there is an instinctive bond between human beings and other living organisms.30 This bond assists people in relieving themselves of strain and reverting it back, generating an internal
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Fig. 5.16
“Designers can find ways to bring in interior gardens within facilities to help alleviate the sense of being apart from nature “ peace. This concept incorporates biomimicry which begins to study nature’s models in order to use the processes to solve human problems.31 This drive for nature becomes a vital component of sustainable design. Using the colors found in nature creates a tranquil atmosphere. Earth tones in a wellness interior provides a soothing, calming environment that promotes an uplifting of the soul.32 The range of colors can include “fresh new green found in spring’s first growth to the deepening green leaves and grass of summer.”33 The spring and summer months also bring in accents of color from “flowering blooms including red, yellow, white, purple, and blue.”34 Fall inspires ochre, amber, gold, fire read, oranges and deep burgundy from the leaves and plants of the season, while winter promotes browns and grays as bare tree branches and trunks are revealed.35 Together these colors work to provide a gentle and restful interior.
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WHAT HEALS? Color
has always held a role in the design process as a way for designers to provoke a particular feeling or mood. Even before its use within interiors, color was seen as a way to stimulate and heal people. In ancient times, “physicians revered color, diagnosed through it, and prescribed color through chemicals, organic and inorganic potients, amulets, and rituals.”36 In 1878, Dr. Edwin Babbitt published his book, “The Principles
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of Light and Color”, and today his chromotherapy is practiced by many followers.37 Babbitt spoke of things such as “thermal and electrical colors and the relationship among colors, elements, and minerals.”38 He would prescribe certain colors as a way to heal, for instance, “red for illnesses such as consumption, physical exhaustion, chronic rheumatism, and paralysis.”39 Babbitt found an understanding with color and
believed that “red shared properties with the warming elements of the sun. He classified yellow and orange as stimulants for the nerves, yellow also being described as a laxative, an emetic, and a purgative.”40 Therefore, he taught that when yellow is mixed with a little red, it became a cerebral stimulant.41 For blues and violets, he considered them to be cold, soothing, and possessing contracting potencies. He would “employ them against all
Fig. 5.17
Fig. 5.18
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inflammatory and nervous conditions, such as sciatica, hemorrhage of the lungs, cerebrospinal meningitis, neuralgic headaches, nervousness, nervous irritability, and sunstroke.42
MODERN DAY USE OF COLOR Within the proposed wellness center, the sensation of healing will be one of the goals. Therefore, the facility with promote healing through its use of color. As mentioned, blue and violet tones have a tendency to soothe people. This quality allows patients to have a therapeutic atmosphere that supports their need for healing. Red, as a warming element, welcomes clients into the environment, making them feel received and celebrated. This increases the retention rate as patients are drawn to the center’s nurturing atmosphere. Therefore, combining the restorative nature of blue, with the warming aspects of red will create an
“ There is a professional responsibility to create environments that do not put unnecessary strain on psychological and physiological wellbeing, “ 128
ideal environment for a wellness center. In the book entitled “Color Therapy: Healing with Color”, the author Christa Muths discusses methods of color healing.43 They are as follows: 1. Color intake through foods 2. Irradiation with the inherent color 3. Color intake through drinking 4. Bathing in colored water 5. Sunbathing in color 6. Irradiation with color 7. Visualizing color (breathing exercises coupled with the visualization of color in sequence of the rainbow colors) 8. Breathing color (a visualized color is inhaled and exhaled) 9. Color meditation Although a few of these methods may be questionable, others do have an impact. Nutritionists may prescribe a patient specific types of food that will benefit and heal their bodies; while recommending they stray away from other substances that have a tendency to harm. Furthermore, “bathing in color” can be interpreted as being outdoors in the natural sunlight or in a room with views of nature. The
Fig. 5.19
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Fig. 5.20
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Fig. 5.21
outdoors can often be a place of healing as people reflect on the environment’s natural way of restoration. In yoga and meditation, the visualization and breathing of color are useful to rebuild the mind, body, and soul. It is a way of setting aside the struggles of the day and focusing on basics of life and how they make a person feel. This is where color and its relationship with emotions can aid in concentrating energy into one’s self and away from negative thoughts and emotions. People who breathe in color ponder a particular one as they take in deep breaths while inhaling and exhaling. Likewise, the visualization of color is actually a part of “imagination therapy” which helps a patient to relax.44 The healing power of color certainly accomplishes a good deal in the design process. Since there is a professional responsibility to create environments that do not put unnecessary strain on psychological and physiological wellbeing, interior designers should certainly familiarize themselves with psychosomatics.45 In addition, “decisions about visual design in [the] environment should be based on an understanding of aspects of architectural psychology –especially color psychology.”46
Fig. 5.22
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Fig. 6.1
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EXISTING SITE, CONTEXT, CLIMATE, AND ZOMING
6 Fig. 6.2
Fig. 6.3
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CITY | TOWN | VILLAGE The proposed building for the wellness center is located in Haverford Township, Pennsylvania. Named after Haverford-West in Wales, members of the Society of Friends purchased 40,000 acres from William Penn and began arriving in 1682. The township covers approximately 10 square miles and is bordered by Darby Creek and Marple Township on the west and Lower Merion and Mill Creek on the
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east. Today, in order to accommodate a population of more than 49,000 people, there are 165 miles of roads, three golf courses, convenient shopping centers, hundreds of acres of parks, a prestigious college, and even a bubble gum factory.1 The area was primarily agricultural until the second decade of the twentieth century. The census returns of 1860 show the value of livestock, animals slaughtered, bushels of grain harvested, and orchards and garden produce at fairly high
values indicating the success of these industries. The two creeks, Darby and Mill, that surround the township provided millseats for the early settlers and would later amount to 1,800 grist and sawmills that were built along the banks of the creeks. During the Revolution, these became the second largest powder mills in the United States. When the ceased operation in 1840, they were converted for the manufacture of cotton and wooden goods.2 The town is known for its many
Fig. 6.4
historical mills, sawmills, shoemakers, coppers, and blacksmiths. These industries allowed the township to flourish and attract much of its population today. The inhabitants are comprised predominantly by white Americans (93.4%) followed by African Americans (2.1%), Hispanics (0.9%), Native Americans (.1%), Asians (2.7%), and other (0.8%). The age distribution range is 24.9% under the age of 18, 34.9% between 1844, and 40.2% ages 45 and older. The Philadelphia and West Chester Turnpike later formed the Philadelphia and West Chester Traction Company and built the toll road, and trolley line, which opened in 1898. These trolleys provided transportation to Philadelphia and workers were now able to commute. The population of Haverford practically doubled between 1900 and 1925.3 Throughout the seasons, Haverford township averages 75.3°during the summer, 61.1° in the fall, 51.2° in the spring, and 45° in the winter. It is consistent with a humid continental climate and receives an average of 46.5 inches of rainfall each year.
Fig. 6.5 | The chart shows the average climate conditions in Haverford Township in comparison to the United States Fig 6.6 | The chart below illustrates the average seasonal temperatures in Haverford Township Summer 75.6 ° | Fall 61.1 ° | Spring 51.2 ° | Winter 45 °
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NEIGHBORHOOD The neighborhood of Haverford is along the Main Line, which historically is known for its wealth. The architectural style of the area consists of Gothic style churches, English-Tudor style schoolhouses, and Victorian, Georgian Stone, and Tudor style mansions and homes. The people residing in the area come from middle to upper classes families. The proposed site is located within the Haverford Reserve. This reserve is a 209 acre site located within the heart of the Main Line. It includes 120 acres of preserved parkland with “rolling hills, streams, mature trees, hiking trails, and 45 acres of township environmental and recreational areas.�4
STREET The proposed building for the wellness center is located on the quiet street of 9000 Parkview Drive. The uses of the surrounding buildings range from commercial to residential. The commercial buildings average one-story while the homes average two floors. There are also198 one-level condominiums for adults 55 and above 136
in six four-story buildings.5 The area contains many trees and open spaces that create a tranquil environment as it fosters a relationship between the environment and its residences. Although it is within a residential community, the building’s placement on the street secludes it enough to offer a comfortable place away from home. The natural plants and trees help maintain the surrounding ecosystem much like how a wellness center will aid its patients.
SITE ZONING The Haverford Reserve has land for parks, hiking, playing fields, and pavilions. In addition, there are apartment buildings and houses as it is currently zoned for special residential
“ Within the heart of the Main Line it includes 120 acres of preserved parkland with rolling hills, streams, mature trees, hiking trails, and 45 acres of township environmental and recreational areas “ Fig. 6.7
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er nt
w i
nd wi s SITE ANALYSIS KEY site location direction of traffic campground dog park
su 138
s nd i r w e mm
playground sun angle wind direction atheletic fields
Fig. 6.8
Fig. 6.9
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development. The surrounding areas are zoned for low density residential as well as recreation and open space. The reserve ensures that the land is properly used to bring recreational fields and parks to the Haverford community.
SITE ANALYSIS In order to enter Parkview Drive, there is a two-way intersection. Off of the intersection that splits into a one-way lanes through the residential area and then combines to form a twoway leading up to the site. Pedestrians use the public sidewalks that parallel the roads and intersection crosswalks. The parking lot is located on the front entrance side of the building. It is created to its minimal capacity in order to promote carpooling and other forms of transportation. The south side of the building faces the parking lot and also has a view of the athletic fields. The north faces the hiking trails that make their way into the surrounding woods. The east and west sides also face the woods which altogether creates an environment in sync with nature. In order to use proper daylighting, the majority of the windows are located on the south
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side where the side path will hit the strongest. Between 11am-1pm the sun will have reached its highest location in the sky, and therefore, shading is critical in order to properly control the natural light. The south side of the building will need to maintain sufficient shading while capturing as much sunlight as possible. The sound quality is well preserved as the site is located within a reserve, surrounded by parks, trees, and within a quiet neighborhood. Due to the athletic fields, there may be days were shouts from the crowds of people watching or from the players can be heard from the building’s premises. Veterans’ Memorial Highway is located to the west of the building just past the trees and may cause traffic noises during rush hour periods. There are no major changes in the grade or slope surrounding the main entrance to the building. The north side does contain a hill although it is used for the trails, and as a result, are accessible to those who wish to use them. The surrounding landscape is comprised of native trees and plants. As a result, a meadow landscape is establish which creates a thick carpet of grasses and perennial
“ It is essential that people understand it may take months from the start of their program to see outcomes and this is where setting realistic goals aids in maintaining motivation “ flowers that bloom throughout the seasons. The meadow of native plants requires no watering, minimal mowing, no fertilizing, and create a method of reducing stormwater runoff which stabilizes the slopes. They attract a diverse variety of birds, butterflies, and animals, thus enhancing the biodiversity of the area. The natural landscape generates a peaceful place to relax as it increases people’s connection with nature. The site has access to several desirable features. There are multiple running paths on the building’s grounds for use by the public. There are soccer and baseball fields with a large children’s playground nearby that offer a friendly, safe place to be active. The site also features a neighboring campground for those looking to further their tranquility out in nature.
Fig. 6.10 | These charts illustrate the crime rates per year in Haverford as compared to Pennsylvania and the United States as a whole.
141
In terms of safety, Haverford has an overall crime rate of 17 per 1,000 residents. When compared to FBI crime data, the chances of a person becoming a victim of crime in Haverford is 1 in 59. Comparing these statistics to national averages, the chance of becoming victim to a violent crime is 1 in 2387 and becoming a victim to a property crime is 17 per 1,000 residents which is about average with others cities and towns in America.6
Fig. 6.11 | This map shows the areas of recent criminal activities within the township; the number one activity being theft.
142
“ The site has access to several desirable features. There are multiple running paths on the building’s grounds for use by the public. There are soccer and baseball fields with a large children’s playground nearby that offers a friendly, safe place to be active. The site also features a neighboring campground for those looking to further their tranquility out in nature “
Fig. 5.12
Fig. 6.12
143
PROGRAMMING 144
Fig. 7.1
7 Fig. 7.2
Fig. 7.3
145
T
he proposed wellness center will consist of three programs: clinical, fitness, and spa. These departments will work cohesively in order to give patients and guests the proper care and assistance they seek. The clinical program will primarily be the physical therapy and occupational therapy departments. These rooms should be at least 450 square feet as they must accommodate treatment tables, parallel bars, machines, activity areas, and allow for
146
the flexibility to arrange these activities. Examination and consultation rooms will provide patients with proper advising in a private area where visual and acoustical privacy are essential. In addition, a nutritionist will advocate for healthy eating habits, alongside exercise, encouraging patients to start and continue a fit lifestyle. The clinical program is to be perceived as a welcoming environment that promotes healing and tranquility. Patients are to feel
relaxed and comfortable within the rooms as well as with the staff. The fitness program is the largest as it requires a gymnasium, lap pool, exercise room, free weights area, an indoor track, multiple aerobic and yoga studios, locker rooms, showers, and fitness testing areas. These areas need a significant amount of square footage to carry out the events that take place within. The rooms shall be adjacent to one another for quick access to the services provided.
Fig. 7.4
The majority of lighting will take advantage of the sun’s natural light while artificial lights will be placed in areas where additional illumination is need for public safety. The allowance of square footage for this program will allow for the arrangement of the rooms between the two floors of the proposed building. The site includes outdoor areas that are large enough to accommodate fitness classes; introducing flexible workout areas. The perception of the fitness program is to be energetic and motivational. Allowing patients and guest to feel invited into the space, and once inside, keep them driven to continue with their scheduled agendas. The spa program consists of a spa pool, sauna, steam room, and multiple massage rooms. This department, although small, will allow patients to ease tension buildup in their bodies resulting in stress relief. The massage rooms will be addressed in a private manner so patients feel comfortable during treatment. These rooms need only to be a minimum of 120 square feet to fit a treatment table and desk for the practitioner. This program will be kept on the same floor as it is the smallest of the three programs.
Fig. 7.5
The perception for the spa program is an area to relief stress and welcome healing. The rooms will address acoustical and visual privacy issues, aside from a calming atmosphere. The rooms within each program shall be adjacent to one another so that quick access is created amongst the departments. Every program will require durable materials that are easily cleanable and antibacterial due to the high volume of patients and guests that will be going in and out of the facility. As a wellness center, it will need to simulate a motivational and sanitary environment.
The administration areas will be located between the two floors and near the entrance of the building. The reception area will allocate adjacency space for offices. In addition, the auxiliary areas, such as restrooms, storage, and vending areas, will be located as needed and deemed appropriate throughout the floors. The retail space will have priority adjacency with the lobby and waiting area, although the healthy food and juice bar is flexible and may be placed on either floor as there is outdoor space that would complement the room requirements.
147
PROGRAM : Room Name ENTRANCE
Qty
Adjacencies
Vestibule
1
50
50
Reception, Lobby/Waiting Area
Reception
1
200
200
Vestibule, Lobby/Waiting Area
Lobby/Waiting Area
1
140
140
Vestibule, Reception, Retail Space
Retail Space
1
300
300
Healthy Food/Juice Bar, Reception
Healthy Food / Juice Bar
1
300
300
Retail Space, Lobby/Waiting Room
ADMINISTRATION
Program Total Square Footage = 400
Program Director’s Office
1
100
100
Other Offices
Facility Director’s Office
1
100
100
Other Offices
Assistant Director’s Office
1
100
100
Other Offices
Clinical Director’s Office
1
100
100
Other Offices
CLINICAL PROGRAMS
Program Total Square Footage = 2,700
Physical Therapy
2
450
900
Occupational, Exam, Consultation
Occupational Therapy
2
450
900
Physical, Exam, Consultation
Examination Room
2
120
240
Physical, Occupational, Consultation
Consultation Room
2
120
240
Physical, Occupational, Exam
Therapy Pool
1
300
300
Lap Pool, Basketball Court, Track
Nutritionist
1
120
120
Physical, Exam, Consultation
FITNESS PROGRAMS
Program Total Square Footage = 22,484
Aerobics/Yoga Studio
3
500
1,500
Exercise, Free Weights, Court
Exercise Room
1
4,000
4,000
Free Weights, Aerobics, Court
Free Weights Area
1
600
600
Exercise, Court, Aerobics
Basketball Court
1
4,700
4,700
Exercise, Free Weights, Aerobics
Lap Pool
1
4,700
4,700
Basketball Court, Therapy Pool
Indoor Track
1
4,840
4,840
Basketball Court, Lap Pool
Qty
Sq.Ft. Each
Sq.Ft. Total
Adjacencies
Fitness Testing
2
150
150
Aerobics, Exercise Room
Men’s Locker Room
1
600
600
Restroom, Women’s Locker Room
Room Name
148
Sq.Ft. Each Sq.Ft. Total Total Square Footage = 990
FITNESS PROGRAMS CONTINUED
Privacy
Lighting
Equip/Furn
Finishes
Perception
-
Natural/Artificial
Lounge Seating
-
Inviting
Acoustical/Visual
Natural/Artificial
Task Seating
Durable
Inviting
Acoustical
Natural/Artificial
Lounge Seating
Durable
Inviting/Relaxing
Acoustical
Artificial
-
Durable
Energetic
Acoustical
Natural/Artificial
Bar Stools
Durable
Energetic
Acoustical/Visual
Natural/Artificial
Office Furniture
-
-
Acoustical/Visual
Natural/Artificial
Office Furniture
-
-
Acoustical/Visual
Natural/Artificial
Office Furniture
-
-
Acoustical/Visual
Natural/Artificial
Office Furniture
-
-
Acoustical/Visual
Natural/Artificial
Exam Table
Antimicrobial/Durable
Tranquil/Relaxing
Acoustical/Visual
Natural/Artificial
Exam Table
Antimicrobial/Durable
Tranquil/Relaxing
Acoustical/Visual
Natural/Artificial
Exam Table
Antimicrobial/Durable
Tranquil/Relaxing
Acoustical/Visual
Natural/Artificial
Exam Table
Antimicrobial/Durable
Tranquil/Relaxing
Acoustical/Visual
Natural/Artificial
-
Durable
Tranquil/Relaxing
Acoustical/Visual
Artificial
-
Durable
Tranquil/Relaxing
Acoustical
Natural/Artificial
-
Antimicrobial/Durable
Tranquil/Energetic
Acoustical
Natural/Artificial
Exercise Machines
Durable
Energetic
Acoustical
Natural/Artificial
-
-
Energetic
Acoustical
Natural/Artificial
-
Durable
Energetic
Acoustical
Natural/Artificial
-
Durable
-
Acoustical
Natural/Artificial
-
Resilient Floor
-
Privacy
Lighting
Equip/Furn
Finishes
Perception
Acoustical
Artificial
-
Durable
-
Acoustical/Visual
Artificial
Lockers, Benches
Antimicrobial/Durable
-
149
Free Weights Area
1
600
600
Exercise, Court, Aerobics
Basketball Court
1
4,700
4,700
Exercise, Free Weights, Aerobics
Lap Pool
1
4,700
4,700
Basketball Court, Therapy Pool
1
4,840
4,840
Basketball Court, Lap Pool
Qty
Sq.Ft. Each
Sq.Ft. Total
Adjacencies
Fitness Testing
2
150
150
Aerobics, Exercise Room
Men’s Locker Room
1
600
600
Restroom, Women’s Locker Room
Restroom
2
122
244
Locker Rooms
Showers
2
275
550
Locker Rooms, Restroom
Women’s Locker Room
1
600
600
Restroom, Men’s Locker Room
PROGRAM : Indoor Track Room Name FITNESS PROGRAMS CONTINUED
SPA PROGRAMS
Program Total Square Footage = 720
Spa Pool
1
200
200
Lap Pool, Therapy Pool
Sauna
1
80
80
Steam Room, Massage Room
Massage Room
3
120 (min.)
360
Steam Room, Sauna
Steam Room
1
80
80
Sauna, Massage Room
AUXILIARY ROOMS
Total Square Footage = 1,370
Restrooms
4
80
320
Employee Pantry/Break Room
Employee Pantry
1
100
100
Break Room, Restroom
Employee Break Room
1
180
180
Pantry, Restroom
Wash Room
1
110
110
Clinical, Spa Program Areas
Vending Area
3
10
30
Lobby, Placed as Needed
Electrical Room
1
15
15
Mechanical, Janitor, Storage
Janitor Closet
1
15
15
Mechanical, Electrical, Storage
Mechanical Room
1
300
300
Electrical, Storage, Janitor
Storage
3
100
300
Electrical, Mechanical, Janitor
CIRCULATION 30-40%
Circulation Total Square Footage = 1,400
Building Total Square Footage = 35,000
150
Total = 31,464
Acoustical
Natural/Artificial
-
-
Energetic
Acoustical
Natural/Artificial
-
Durable
Energetic
Acoustical
Natural/Artificial
-
Durable
-
Acoustical
Natural/Artificial
-
Resilient Floor
-
Privacy
Lighting
Equip/Furn
Finishes
Perception
Acoustical
Artificial
-
Durable
-
Acoustical/Visual
Artificial
Lockers, Benches
Antimicrobial/Durable
-
Acoustical/Visual
Artificial
-
Antimicrobial/Durable
-
Acoustical/Visual
Artificial
-
Non-Slip
-
Acoustical/Visual
Artificial
Lockers, Benches
Antimicrobial/Durable
-
Acoustical
Natural/Artificial
-
Durable
-
Acoustical/Visual
Artificial
Bench
Antimicrobial/Durable
-
Acoustical/Visual
Artificial
Massage Table
Antimicrobial/Durable
Relaxing
Acoustical/Visual
Artificial
-
Antimicrobial/Durable
-
Acoustical/Visual
Artificial
-
Antimicrobial/Durable
-
Acoustical/Visual
Natural/Artificial
-
Durable
-
Acoustical/Visual
Natural/Artificial
Dining Seating
Durable
Relaxing
Acoustical/Visual
Artificial
Laundry Machine
Durable
-
Acoustical
Artificial
-
Durable
-
Acoustical/Visual
Artificial
-
-
-
Visual
Artificial
-
-
-
Acoustical/Visual
Artificial
-
-
-
Visual
Artificial
-
-
-
151
LOWER LEVEL TEST FIT
152
MAIN LEVEL TEST FIT
153
Indoor Track
Lap Pool
Basketball Court
Free Weights Area
Exercise Room
Aerobics / Yoga Studio
Nutritionist
Therapy Pool
Consultation Room
Examination Room
Occupational Therapy
Physical Therapy
Clinical Director's Office
Assistant Director's Office
Facility Director's Office
Program Director's Office
Healthy Food / Juice
Retail Space
Lobby/Waiting Area
Reception
Vestibule
ADJACENCY MATRIX Vestibule Reception
`
`
Lobby/Waiting Area
`
`
Retail Space Healthy Food / Juice Bar Program Director’s Office Facility Director’s Office Assistant Director’s Office Clinical Director’s Office Physical Therapy
`
Occupational Therapy Examination Room Consultation Room Therapy Pool Nutritionist Aerobics/Yoga Studio Exercise Room Free Weights Area Basketball Court
` `
`
Lap Pool
154
Indoor Track Fitness Testing
` `
` `
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
` ` `
` `
` `
` ` `
` ` ` `
` ` ` ` ` `
`
` `
` `
`
` `
`
`
`
` `
`
155
Storage
Mechanical Room
Janitor Closet
Electrical Room
Vending Area
Wash Room
Employee Break Room
Employee Pantry
Restrooms
Steam Room
Massage Room
Sauna
Spa Pool
Women's Locker Room
Showers
Restroom
Men's Locker Room
Fitness Testing
Indoor Track
Lap Pool
Basketball Court
Free Weights Area
Exercise Room
Aerobics / Yoga Studio
Nutritionist
Therapy Pool
Examination Room
Indoor Track
Lap Pool
Basketball Court
`
Free Weights Area
Exercise Room
Aerobics / Yoga Studio
Nutritionist
Therapy Pool
Consultation Room
Examination Room
Occupational Therapy
Physical Therapy
Clinical Director's Office
`
Assistant Director's Office
`
Facility Director's Office
Basketball Court
Healthy Food / Juice
Free Weights Area
Retail Space
Reception
ADJACENCY Aerobics/Yoga Studio Exercise Room MATRIX
Vestibule
Nutritionist
Lobby/Waiting Area
Therapy Pool
Program Director's Office
Consultation Room
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
``
`
`
`
`
``
`
``
Retail Space Men’s Locker Room
`
`
`
`
`
HealthyRestroom Food / Juice Bar
`
`
`
`
`
ProgramShowers Director’s Office
`
`
`
`
`
Vestibule Lap Pool
`
Reception Indoor Track
`
`
Lobby/Waiting Area Fitness Testing
`
`
`
`
Facility Director’s Women’s Locker Office Room AssistantSpa Director’s Pool Office
`
`
Clinical Director’s Sauna Office Physical MassageTherapy Room
`
Occupational Therapy Steam Room Examination Room Restrooms
`
`
`
`
`
`
Consultation Room Employee Pantry Therapy PoolRoom Employee Break Nutritionist Wash Room Aerobics/Yoga Studio Vending Area
`
`
Exercise Room Electrical Room Free Weights Area Janitor Closet Basketball Court Mechanical Room
` `
`
Lap Pool Storage Indoor Track
156
Fitness Testing Men’s Locker Room
` `
`
`
` `
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
Exercise Room
Aerobics / Yoga Studio
Nutritionist
Therapy Pool
`
`
`
` `
` `
` ` `
` ` ` `
` ` ` ` `
`
` `
` ` `
` ` ` ` ` `
` ` ` ` ` `
` ` ` ` ` `
` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
`
` `
`
`
Restrooms
Steam Room
Massage Room
Sauna
Spa Pool
Women's Locker Room
Showers
Restroom
Men's Locker Room
Fitness Testing
Indoor Track
Lap Pool
Basketball Court
Free Weights Area
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
` ` `
` ` `
Storage
Mechanical Room
Janitor Closet
Electrical Room
Vending Area
Wash Room
Employee Break Room
Employee Pantry
`
`
`
`
`
`
` `
` `
`
` `
`
` ` `
` `
`
`
`
157
158 Fig. 8.1
BUILDING ANALYSIS & CODES
8 Fig. 8.2
159
BUILDING ANALYSIS
T
he Haverford Township Recreation and Environmental Center was designed by Kimmel Bogrette Architecture + Site and completed in June 2012. It is a contemporary building which uses nature as an inspiration for its design. The dominate building materials are natural stone and wood which transition from the
exterior to the interior of the facility. Many of the materials are durable and anti-bacterial for cleanability and longevity. It was designed as a place for the community to come together free of charge and enjoy themselves. It integrates sustainable design principles holistically through geothermal heating, cooling systems,
Building Name: Haverford Township Community Recreation & Environmental Center Architect: Kimmel Bogrette Architecture + Site Address: 900 Parkview Drive, Haverford, PA 19041 Date of Completion: June 2012 Number of Stories: 2 levels Total Gross Square Foot: 35,000 Awards: 2013 DCNR Green Park of the Year 2014 Land Ethics Award 160
natural daylighting, flooring composed of post-consumer, recycled, bio-based, natural materials, low flow fixtures, and a recycling program that diverted at least 75% of the project’s construction debris from landfills and incineration facilities. While the building feature 35,000 square feet, the complex also includes 45 acres of outdoor active recreational space, over 120 acres of open space and hiking trails, a playground, and a dog park. These auxiliary areas were all considered when choosing this location for the proposed wellness center. Using the existing building, the proposed wellness center will utilize the sustainable systems already in place as it is LEED certified. The building in its entirety will be used, plans for an additional mezzanine level are also a proposal, as well as excavating into the site in order to create a lap and therapy pool. The current vestibule will be maintained, and the main central stairwell and elevator may also be preserved, although they are able to be relocated after the design process has begun.
Fig. 8.3
Fig. 8.4
161
Fig. 8.5
162
Fig. 8.6
163
164
165
ANALYSIS DIAGRAMS
MINOR
MAJOR
MINOR
MAJOR
SECTION DIAGRAM: SOLID VERSUS VOID
SECTION DIAGRAM: HIERARCHY
166
MINOR MAJOR
OUTDOOR INDOOR
MAIN LEVEL DIAGRAM: HEIRARCHY
MAIN LEVEL DIAGRAM: OUTDOOR SPACE VERSUS INDOOR SPACE
MINOR MAJOR
OUTDOOR INDOOR LOWER LEVEL DIAGRAM: OUTDOOR SPACE VERSUS INDOOR SPACE
MAIN LEVEL DIAGRAM: SOLID VERSUS VOID
167
1. PROJECT DATA Project Name: Haverford Wellness Center
3. USER GROUP CLASSIFICATION & MEANS OF EGRESS Sprinklered: Fully Sprinkled Dead End Limit: 50’-0”
Address: 900 Parkview Drive, Haverford, PA 19041
A-2 – ASSEMBLY GROUP – CAFÉ/JUICE BAR
Date of Completion: June 2012
A-3 ASSEMBLY GROUP – GYMNASIUMS, INDOOR SWIMMING POOLS (without spectator seating)
Number of Stories: 2 levels Total Gross Square Foot: 35,000
2. APPLICABLE BUILDING CODE INFORMATION
B – BUSINESS – AMBULATORY CARE FACILITIES, CLINIC (outpatient) M – MERCANTILE – RETAIL
4. GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS Minimum Corridor Width: 44 inches Number of Exits: 2 per floor, 1-500 per story
Zoning Ordinance: Special Residential Ordinance [SRO] Fire Code: 2010 Philadelphia Fire Code
Exit Access Travel Distance: 300 feet
5. FIRE PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS
Building Code & Date: 2012
Fire Exit Enclosures: 2 hours
Energy Code: International Energy Code
Shafts and Elevator Hoistways: 2 hours Tenant Space Separations: 2 hours Smoke Barriers: Assume 30 minutes Corridor Fire-Resistance Rating: Incidental Use Areas
168
USER GROUP CLASSIFICATION CHART A—2 - ASSEMBLY
A-3 - ASSEMBLY
B – BUSINESS
M - MERCANTILE
BUILDING TOTALS
Gross Square Footage
300
22,984
3,320
300
26,904
SF / Occupant
200
30
100
60
390
Number of Occupants
15
76
33
5
390
Water Closet Male
1
1
1
1
4
Water Closet Female
1
2
1
1
5
Lavatories Male
1
1
1
1
4
Lavatories Female
1
1
1
1
4
Drinking Fountains
1
1
1
1
4
Service Sink
1 for entire building
-
-
-
1
169
168 Fig. 9.1
RESEARCH SUMMARY
9 Fig. 9.2
Fig. 9.3
169
T
hroughout the research process, each section written taught a unique perspective and fact about designing a wellness center. The overall goal of this project will be to generate a center that will enhance the quality of life by encouraging an active lifestyle and helping others rehabilitate. Targeting the baby boomer generation, physical and occupational therapy will assist the ageing population in order for them to continue
170
doing what makes them happy. Exploring the history of wellness, fitness, and spas has taught the high significance it has held in society. Fitness and well-being has always been a part of life and people have always been fascinated with the healing aspects of water. The environment of thermal baths and hunting and gathering societies has brought an insight into the social characteristics of spas and fitness as they are incorporated into wellness. This
allows for the design of an energetic facility which unites people with a common goal of bettering themselves. Visiting case studies allowed for observations of real world applications. Being in an actual spa environment permitted the evaluation of proper lighting, finishes, furniture, and dimensions for accessibility and comfort. Each of these observations will be taken into account when designing the proposed wellness center. In addition, these case studies
Fig. 9.4
taught what did not work as well as what did work within the buildings. The unvisited case studies depicted how distinctive the design of the wellness center can be and what type of environment can be created by using specific colors, lighting techniques, and furniture options. Researching the design and technical criteria’s of what makes up a wellness center ensures that it will be designed with the right intentions. The proper furniture, finishes, and equipment are essential for an appropriately run center that follows the requirements needed for high traffic areas. These include durable, anti-microbial, and easily cleanable surfaces to maintain the well-being of both the patients and the facility. The materials chosen will also uphold the constant traffic of people, wheelchairs, crutches, and carts. Ergonomics will be considered to guarantee the patients, as well as the staff, are comfortable. Natural daylighting will be used as much as possible and artificial lights used as needed to create the correct mood for each of function. Wayfinding will be direct so that there is a clear path upon entering the building and to every destination prior. Understanding what in design
Fig. 9.5
motivates, energizes, calms, and heals in a building will offer a holistic view of what type of atmosphere the proposed wellness center will take. It is critical to comprehend the effects certain colors, furnishings, equipment, and lighting options have on people. The proposed wellness center will incorporate aspects that will involve all four types of environments explored. The existing site will influence the type of people that will populate the center as well as the surroundings. A wellness center that promotes well-being should be located in an environment that does not add more
stress to the people coming. This includes being located in an area that away from busy, high traffic areas such as cities. The existing site is in a remote residential area, with lots of open space for parks and running trails. Overall the research has taught that every wellness center needs to be safe and accommodate everyone, including those with disabilities. The careful integration of modern open spaces with smaller private areas for clinical areas will give individuals the proper privacy where needed and create a comfortable space were people want to gather.
171
172 Fig. 3.1
Citations & Bibliography
10 Fig. 3.2
Fig. 3.3
173
SECTION 1 | CITATIONS & IMAGE SOURCES 1 Robert D. Henry and Julie D. Taylor, Spa: The Sensuous Experience (Australia: The Images Publishing Group, 2005), 6. 2 Joanna M. Mellor and Helen Rehr, Baby Boomers: Can my eighties be like my fifties? (New York: Springer Publishing Company, 2005), 3. 3 Ibid. 4 Paul Bailey, “An Interior Designer has a Direct Influence on the Places and Spaces we Occupy,” The Independent, August 30, 2014, http://www.independent.co.uk/student/
magazines/an-interior-designer-has-a-direct-influence-onthe-places-and-spaces-we-occupy-760044.html. 5 “Main Line Hospitals: Statement of Accreditation,” mainlinehealth.org, last modified January 2006, http://www.mainlinehealth.org/oth/Page. asp?PageID=OTH000102. 6 Joanna M. Mellor and Helen Rehr, Baby Boomers: Can my eighties be like my fifties? (New York: Springer Publishing Company, 2005), 11.
IMAGES: Fig. 1.1: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/GocheGanas_Wellness_centre_reception_and_pool_ area.jpg Fig. 1.2: http://www.feinknopf.com/media/original/Brad_Feinknopf-9784-58.jpg Fig. 1.3: http://www.schowalter-villa.org/_modules/CMS/_images/pool.jpg Fig. 1.4: http://wholetritionwellness.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/hall-view-2.jpg Fig. 1.5: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/economics/10171591/10-Baby-Boomer-entitlements-todays-youth-wonthave.html Fig. 1.6: http://www.franklinarch.com/images/educational/utc-wellness-natatorium/utc-wellness_04.jpg Fig. 1.7: http://www.anschutzwellness.com/sites/default/files/fitness-floor.jpg Fig.1.8: http://oneeyeland.com/image.php?imgid=29486 Fig. 1.9: http://www.foodmatters.tv/ Fig. 1.10: http://ochealthsystem.org/wp-content/uploads/swimming-pools.jpg Fig. 1.11: https://c2.staticflickr.com/8/7072/7215003370_7806a0f86c_z.jpg Fig. 1.12: http://www.theprospect.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/exercise.jpg 174
SECTION 2 | CITATIONS 1 A, van Tubergen and der Linden van, “A Brief History of Spa Therapy,” Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 61, no. 3 (2002): 273, http://ezproxy.philau.edu:2048/ login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19728455 9?accountid=28402. 2 Ibid. 3 Ibid. 4 Ibid. 5 Ralph Jackson, “Waters and Spas in the Classical World,” Medical History, No. 10 (1990): 1, http://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2557448/. 6 Ibid. 7 A, van Tubergen and der Linden van, “A Brief History of Spa Therapy,” Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 61, no. 3 (2002): 273, http://ezproxy.philau.edu:2048/ login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19728455 9?accountid=28402. 8 Ibid. 9 Lynn Thorndike, “Sanitation, Baths, and Street-Cleaning in the Middle Ages and Renaissance,” Speculum 3, no. 2 (1928): 193, doi: 10.2307/2848055. 10 Lance C. Dalleck and Len Kravitz, “The History of Fitness,” IDEA Health and Fitness Association, Last modified January 2002, http://www.ideafit.com/fitness-library/thehistory-of-fitness. 11 Sangeetha Rajah, “History of Yoga,” hindupedia.com, accessed September 9, 2014, http://www.hindupedia. com. 12 Dinabandhu Sarley, and Ila Sarley, The Essentials of
Yoga, New York: Dell Publishing, 1999, 7. 13 Ibid. 14 Ibid. 15 Ibid. 16 A, van Tubergen and der Linden van, “A Brief History of Spa Therapy,” Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 61, no. 3 (2002): 273, http://ezproxy.philau.edu:2048/ login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19728455 9?accountid=28402. 17 Ibid. 18 Lance C. Dalleck and Len Kravitz, “The History of Fitness,” IDEA Health and Fitness Association, Last modified January 2002, http://www.ideafit.com/fitnesslibrary/the-history-of-fitness. 19 Ibid. 20 Ibid. 21 Ibid. 22 Ibid. 23 A, van Tubergen and der Linden van, “A Brief History of Spa Therapy,” Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 61, no. 3 (2002): 274, http://ezproxy.philau.edu:2048/ login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19728455 9?accountid=28402. 24 Ibid. 25 Joan Whaley Gallup, Wellness Centers: A Guide for the Design Professional, New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1999, 4. 26 A, van Tubergen and der Linden van, “A Brief History of Spa Therapy,” Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 61,
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SECTION 2 | CITATIONS & IMAGE SOURCES no. 3 (2002): 274, http://ezproxy.philau.edu:2048/ login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19728455 9?accountid=28402. 27 Lance C. Dalleck and Len Kravitz, “The History of Fitness,” IDEA Health and Fitness Association, Last modified January 2002, http://www.ideafit.com/fitness-library/thehistory-of-fitness. 28 Ibid. 29 Sangeetha Rajah, “History of Yoga,” hindupedia.com, accessed September 9, 2014, http://www.hindupedia. com. 30 Dinabandhu Sarley, and Ila Sarley, The Essentials of Yoga, New York: Dell Publishing, 1999, 7. 31 Ibid. 32 Sangeetha Rajah, “History of Yoga,” hindupedia.
com, accessed September 9, 2014, http://www. hindupedia.com. 33 Dinabandhu Sarley, and Ila Sarley, The Essentials of Yoga, New York: Dell Publishing, 1999, 8. 34 Ibid. 35 Ibid. 36 Ibid, 14. 37 Ibid. 38 Ibid, 16. 39 Ibid, 17. 40 Ibid, 21. 41 Ibid. 42 Ben Zimmer, “Wellness,” NY Times, April 16, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com.
IMAGES: Fig. 2.1: http://gurutej.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/yoga-class-1.jpg Fig. 2.2: http://www.cnn.com/2012/10/25/health/time-fitness-concierge/ Fig. 2.3: http://breathlessresortsblog.files.wordpress.com/2013/10/semb_yoga2_11.jpg Fig. 2.4: http://beirutblog.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/roman-baths-beirut.jpg Fig. 2.5: http://www.travelettes.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/roman-baths.jpg Fig. 2.6: http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2014/02/03/article-2550896-002406F900000258-233_624x420.jpg Fig. 2.7: http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2014/02/03/article-2550896-002406F900000258-233_624x420.jpg
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SECTION 3.1 | IMAGE SOURCES Fig. 2.8: http://www.clarkhuesemann.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Washburn-Fitness-Center-3c.jpg Fig. 2.9: http://brandiblomquist.files.wordpress.com/2013/10/yoga1.jpg Fig. 2.10: http://ventureyogastudio.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/676142.jpg Fig. 2.11: http://www.oanow.com/gallery/news/collection_94d772da-092b-11e3-8d09-001a4bcf6878.html Fig. 2.12: http://cdn.archinect.net/images/1200x/va/vayugzt96cp8v6mm.jpg
3.1 IMAGES: Fig. 3.1: http://www.carolinapartners.com/uploads/images/shutterstock_159078203.jpg Fig. 3.2: http://touchmedspa.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Hot-Stone-Massage.jpg Fig. 3.3: http://welltodoliving.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Balance-DP_6109815_XL.jpg Fig. 3.4: Surroundings. Personal photograph by Chesenia Burgos. 5 August 2014. Fig. 3.5: Visage Exterior. Personal photograph by Chesenia Burgos. 5 August 2014. Fig. 3.6: Datum Diagram. Personal image created by Chesenia Burgos. 13 September 2014. Fig. 3.7: Spatial Diagram. Personal image created by Chesenia Burgos. 13 September 2014. Fig. 3.8: https://www.google.com/maps/preview?q=visage+visage Fig. 3.9: https://www.google.com/maps/preview?q=visage+visage Fig. 3.10: http://media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com/originals/18/c9/fa/18c9fae4e14cb2747b0dac86f1969d61.jpg Fig. 3.11: Third Floor Plan. Personal image created by Chesenia Burgos. 13 September 2014. Fig. 3.12: Second Floor Plan. Personal image created by Chesenia Burgos. 13 September 2014.
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SECTION 3.2 | IMAGE SOURCES Fig. 3.13: Basement Plan. Personal image created by Chesenia Burgos. 13 September 2014. Fig. 3.14: Bubble Pendant. Personal photograph by Chesenia Burgos. 5 August 2014. Fig. 3.15: http://media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com/originals/f0/88/bd/f088bd5ce84e4e5709d9e68203896530.jpg
3.2 IMAGES: Fig. 3.16: Plaza Exterior. Personal photograph by Chesenia Burgos. 13 August 2014. Fig. 3.17: http://constitutionhealth.org/ Fig. 3.18: Focal Point Diagram. Personal image created by Chesenia Burgos. 20 August 2014. Fig. 3.19: Circulation Diagram. Personal image created by Chesenia Burgos. 20 August 2014. Fig. 3.20: Massage Room. Personal photograph by Chesenia Burgos. 13 August 2014. Fig. 3.21: Acupuncture Room. Personal photograph by Chesenia Burgos. 13 August 2014. Fig. 3.22: Diffused Sconce. Personal photograph by Chesenia Burgos. 13 August 2014. Fig. 3.23: https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/art-of-wellness-raising-funds-to-expand-our-efforts-and-improvemore-lives#activity Fig. 3.24: Psychotherapy Room. Personal photograph by Chesenia Burgos. 13 August 2014. Fig. 3.25: Transitional Room. Personal photograph by Chesenia Burgos. 13 August 2014.
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SECTION 3.3 | CITATIONS & IMAGE SOURCES 3.3 CITATIONS: 1 “P.W.C.C. Spa & Fitness Center / PLAN Arquitectos + Loroworks Architects,” Archdaily.com, Last modified July 10, 2010, http://www.archdaily.com/?p=68134. 2 Ibid. 3 Ibid. 4 Ibid. 5 Ibid. 6 Ibid. 7 Ibid. 3.3 IMAGES: Fig. 3.26: http://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/1278689236-country-club-44.jpg Fig. 3.37: http://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/1278689193-country-club-39.jpg Fig. 3.28: https://www.google.com/maps/place/Prince+of+Wales+Country+Club Fig. 3.29: https://www.google.com/maps/place/Prince+of+Wales+Country+Club Fig. 3.30: http://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/1278689282-underground-level.jpg Fig. 3.31: http://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/1278689273-first-floor.jpg Fig. 3.32: http://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/1278689145-country-club-31.jpg Fig. 3.33: http://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/1278689158-country-club-34.jpg Fig. 3.34: http://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/1278689261-elevations-sections-2.jpg Fig. 3.35: http://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/1278689261-elevations-sections-2.jpg Fig. 3.36: http://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/1278689100-country-club-23.jpg
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SECTION 3.4 | CITATIONS & IMAGE SOURCES 1 “Wellness Orhidelia,” Terme-olimia, accessed October 10, 2014, http://www.terme-olimia.com/gb/wellnessorhidelia-708. 2 “Orhidelia Wellnes / Enota,” Archdaily.com, Last modified June 3, 2010, http://www.archdaily.com/?p=62814. 3 Ibid. 4 “Wellness Orhidelia,” Terme-olimia, accessed October 10, 2014, http://www.terme-olimia.com/gb/wellnessorhidelia-708. 5 “Weather and Climate in Slovenia.” Slovenia Info. Accessed October 10, 2014. http://www.slovenia.info. 6 “Orhidelia Wellnes / Enota,” Archdaily.com, Last modified June 3, 2010, http://www.archdaily.com/?p=62814. 7 Ibid. 8 Ibid. 9 Ibid. 10 Ibid. 11 Ibid. 3.4 IMAGES: Fig. 3.37: http://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/1275494390-orhidelia-12.jpg Fig. 3.38: http://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/1275494351-orhidelia-09.jpg Fig. 3.39: http://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/1275494474-sections.jpg Fig. 3.40: https://www.google.com/maps/place/Terme+Olimia+D.D./@46.158267,15.606871 17z/data=!3m1!4b1! 4m2!3m1!1s0x476590bdaf507017:0x6ac67e53ca9c63b2 Fig. 3.41: http://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/1275494456-plan-01.jpg Fig. 3.42: http://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/1275494462-plan-02.jpg Fig. 3.43: http://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/1275494417-orhidelia-14.jpg Fig. 3.44: http://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/1275494337-orhidelia-08.jpg Fig. 3.45: http://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/1275494249-orhidelia-01.jpg 180
SECTION 4 | CITATIONS Joseph DeChiara, Time-Saver Standards for Building Types, New York: McGraw Hill, 1990, 500. Ibid. Ibid, 1266. Norbert Lechner, Heating, Cooling, Lighting: Design Methods for Architects, New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1991, 346. Joan Whaley Gallup, Wellness Centers: A Guide for the Design Professional, New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1999, 121. Ibid, 121. Ibid, 121. Ibid, 120. David Gibson,The Wayfinding Handbook: Information Design for Public Places, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2009, 36. Ibid, 37. Ibid, 48. Joseph DeChiara, Time-Saver Standards for Building Types, New York: McGraw Hill, 1990, 1266. Ibid. Joan Whaley Gallup, Wellness Centers: A Guide for the Design Professional, New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1999, 121. Ibid, 122. Ibid, 1402. Ibid. Ibid.
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SECTION 4 | IMAGE SOURCES Fig. 4.1: http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/measurement.jpeg Fig. 4.2: http://www.suddathworkplace.com/space-and-furniture-planning.aspx Fig. 4.3: http://www.meldrenachapin.com/blog/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/ColorWayfinding2.jpg Fig. 4.4: http://treadmillreviewers.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/proform-treadmill-people-running.jpg Fig. 4.5: http://www.stupic.com/residence-lobby-interior-design/amazing-sunlit-double-lobby-hyde-apartmentbuilding-with-rainy-chandelier-in-sydney-australia/#bc Fig. 4.6: De Chiara, J. Crosbie, Time-Saver Standards for Building Types, Singapore: McGraw-Hill, 2001. Fig. 4.7: De Chiara, J. Crosbie, Time-Saver Standards for Building Types, Singapore: McGraw-Hill, 2001. Fig. 4.8: De Chiara, J. Crosbie, Time-Saver Standards for Building Types, Singapore: McGraw-Hill, 2001. Fig. 4.9: De Chiara, J. Crosbie, Time-Saver Standards for Building Types, Singapore: McGraw-Hill, 2001. Fig. 4.10: De Chiara, J. Crosbie, Time-Saver Standards for Building Types, Singapore: McGraw-Hill, 2001.http:// arttattler.com/Images/NorthAmerica/Canada/Montreal/Canadian%20Center%20for%20Architecture/Imperfect%20 Health/08-IMPE_621.01.jpg Fig. 4.11: De Chiara, J. Crosbie, Time-Saver Standards for Building Types, Singapore: McGraw-Hill, 2001. Fig. 4.12: http://olpos.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/impressive-exposed-beam-indoor-swimming-pool-withgarden-views-at-dusk.jpeg
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SECTION 4 | IMAGE SOURCES Fig. 4.13: http://images.jimonlight.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/mind.jpg Fig. 4.14: http://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/5356b262c07a80f16a00010e_aia-namestop-10-most-sustainable-projects-in-u-s-_johnandfrancesangelos_law_center_brad_feinknopf_entrance_lobby530x713.jpg Fig. 4.15: De Chiara, J. Crosbie, Time-Saver Standards for Building Types, Singapore: McGraw-Hill, 2001. Fig. 4.16: De Chiara, J. Crosbie, Time-Saver Standards for Building Types, Singapore: McGraw-Hill, 2001, 110. Fig. 4.17: De Chiara, J. Crosbie, Time-Saver Standards for Building Types, Singapore: McGraw-Hill, 2001, 111. Fig. 4.18: De Chiara, J. Crosbie, Time-Saver Standards for Building Types, Singapore: McGraw-Hill, 2001,437 Fig. 4.19: De Chiara, J. Crosbie, Time-Saver Standards for Building Types, Singapore: McGraw-Hill, 2001. Fig. 4.20: http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-cJRESuvdK6o/UzYqPsPWkCI/AAAAAAAAAkM/sCXOTFmlTLw/s3200/rvtrresonant-chamber-origami-architectural-acoustic-panels-275105.jpg Fig. 4.21: De Chiara, J. Crosbie, Time-Saver Standards for Building Types, Singapore: McGraw-Hill, 2001. Fig. 4.22: De Chiara, J. Crosbie, Time-Saver Standards for Building Types, Singapore: McGraw-Hill, 2001, 37. Fig. 4.23: De Chiara, J. Crosbie, Time-Saver Standards for Building Types, Singapore: McGraw-Hill, 2001, 38. Fig. 4.24: De Chiara, J. Crosbie, Time-Saver Standards for Building Types, Singapore: McGraw-Hill, 2001.
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SECTION 5 | CITATIONS 1 Len Kravitz., “What Motivates People To Exercise?” IDEA Fitness Journal 8, No. 1. 2011, http://www.ideafit.com/fitness-library/what-motivates-people-toexercise? 2 Ibid. 3 Ibid. 4 Ibid. 5 Ibid. 6 Ibid. 7 Ibid. 8 Ibid. 9 Ibid. 10 Ibid. 11 Ibid. 12Ibid. 13 Ibid. 14 Frank H. Manke, Color, Environment, and Human Response, New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1996, 27. 15 Ibid, 28. 16 Milena Damjanov, “Boost Your Mood With Color,” Health. com, Last modified April 21, 2008, http://www.health.com/health/ article/0,,20411073,00.html 17 Ibid. 18 Ibid. 19 Ibid. 20 Ibid. 21 Ibid. 22 Ibid. 23 Ibid. 24 “Color Meaning,” Colorwheelpro.com, Accessed November 2, 2014. http://www.color-wheel-pro.com/color-meaning.html. 184
25 Celeste Allen Novak and Barbara Richardson, “Functional Color and Design in Healthcare Environments,” Continuing Education, Last Modified December 2013. continuing education. construction.com. 26 Ibid. 27 Ibid. 28 Ibid. 29 Ibid. 30 Ibid. 31 Ibid. 32 Ibid. 33 Ibid. 34 Ibid. 35 Ibid. 36 Ibid, 30. 37 Ibid, 33. 38 Ibid. 39 Ibid. 40 Ibid. 41 Ibid. 42 Ibid. 43 Ibid, 36. 44 Ibid, 37. 45 Ibid, 49. 46 Ibid.
SECTION 5 | IMAGE SOURCES Fig. 5.1: http://www.pilot-pr.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Stollen-Indoor11.jpg Fig. 5.2: http://clas.arizona.edu/files/las/bgs-focus-behavior.png Fig. 5.3: http://www.healinglifestyles.com/uploads/images/2006/sept%202006/ sep2006yogaretreat.jpg Fig. 5.4: http://www.kahlerslater.com/content/images/7-Spinning-01.jpg Fig. 5.5: http://www.kahlerslater.com/content/images/7-Spinning-02.jpg Fig. 5.6: http://assets.wsanfrancisco.com/lps/assets/u/W-San-Francisco---FIT-night2.jpg Fig. 5.7: http://ww1.prweb.com/prfiles/2014/05/27/11886389/101%20Ellwood%20Fitness%20Center%20s.jpg Fig. 5.8: http://www.brandlhof.com/typo3temp/pics/e775c38860.jpg Fig. 5.9: http://www.drivecardio.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Drive-04.jpg Fig. 5.10: http://novotelbangkokimpact.com/wp-content/gallery/the-hotel-slide/foyer.jpg Fig. 5.11: http://novotelbangkokimpact.com/wp-content/gallery/the-hotel-slide/escalater.jpg Fig. 5.12: http://www.styleture.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/sustainable-interiors.jpg Fig. 5.13: http://novotelbangkokimpact.com/wp-content/gallery/the-hotel-slide/DSC_7808.jpg Fig. 5.14: https://m1.behance.net/rendition/modules/31552761/disp/6ee41a68c658d952 520f92 47f290a332.jpg Fig. 5.15: http://www.impactmarketing.net/press/ConnCollegeFitnessCenter2.jpg Fig. 5.16: http://www.onekindesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/San-Francisco-Warehouse-05-1-Kind-Design. jpg Fig. 5.17: http://havenmagazine.files.wordpress.com/2012/05/paints1.jpg Fig. 5.18: http://sweat.burnthis.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Evolve-Wellness-Center-1.jpg Fig. 5.19: http://www.made-in-italy.com/files/imagecache/lg/pictures/travel-to-italy/vacation-ideas/spas-and-wellnesscenters.jpg Fig. 5.20: http://ww1.prweb.com/prfiles/2014/05/13/11849727/stock.jpg Fig. 5.21: http://zeospot.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/the-mira-hong-kong-spa-interior-decor.jpg Fig. 5.22: http://suddhaprem.wordpress.com/2012/07/28/spa-yoga-ayurveda-personal-experience-retrea/ 185
SECTION 6 | CITATIONS & IMAGE SOURCES 1 Haverford Township Historical Society, “Images of America: Haverford Township,” Charleston: Arcadia Publishing, 2003, 7. 2 “History of Haverford Township,” Haverfordtownship.com, Last modified January 29, 2008, http://www. haverfordtownship.com/egov/docs/120164522361.htm 3 Ibid. 4 “Haverford Reserve,” Haverfordreserve.com, last modified 2013, http://www.haverfordreserve.com/ 5 Ibid. 6 “Haverford Crime Rates,” neighborhoodscout.com, Accessed November 8, 2014, http://www.neighborhoodscout. com/pa/haverford/crime/#description
IMAGES: Fig. 6.1: http://www.haverford.edu/library/special/images/haverford_mh_lg.jpg Fig. 6.2: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/1913_Haverford_ Township_map. png Fig. 6.3: http://ehgazette.blogs.brynmawr.edu/files/2008/12/founders-hall2.jpg Fig. 6.4: http://delawarecountyhistory.com/haverfordtownship/images/HaverfordTwp. CollegeBarclayHall2c.jpg Fig. 6.5: http://www.bestplaces.net/climate/city/pennsylvania/haverford_township Fig. 6.6: http://www.bestplaces.net/climate/city/pennsylvania/haverford_township Fig. 6.7: http://delawarecountyhistory.com/haverfordtownship/PartofHaverfordTwp.jpg Fig. 6.8: https://www.google.com/maps/place/9000+Parkview+Dr,+Haverford,+PA +19041/@39.9929838,75.34297 79,606m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x89c6c02741e3c4e3:0xd029ac6d90523a6e Fig. 6.9: http://www.haverfordtownship.com/egov/documents/1296760501_630218.pdf Fig. 6.10: http://www.usa.com/haverford-pa-crime-and-crime-rate.htm Fig. 6.11: https://www.google.com/maps/@-33.4350591,-70.5684865,548m/data=!3m1!1e3 Fig. 6.12: http://www.haverfordhistoricalsociety.org/history-and-resources/historical-sites/nitre-hall 186
SECTION 7 | CITATIONS & IMAGE SOURCES IMAGES: Fig. 7.1: https://recreation.athletics.cornell.edu/sites/recreation.athletics.cornell.edu /files/photos/ NoyesFC2-1162_06_028.jpg Fig. 7.2: http://ellipticalratings.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Elliptical-trainer-fitness-training-in-gym.jpg Fig. 7.3: http://www.xclusivecorporatefitness.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/bigstock-Man-running-in-a-gymon-a-trea-61080305.jpg Fig. 7.4: http://www.fitnessjetset.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/IMG_5337ed1.jpg Fig. 7.5: http://www.petagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/gym-striking-espa-hba-fitness-center-layoutdesign-with-large-mirror-and-wall-separator-ornaments-enticing-health-and-fitness-center-interior-design-ideas-homefitness-center-design-straight-and-pres.jpg
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SECTION 8 | IMAGE SOURCES Fig. 8.1: Haverford Community Center. Personal image taken by Chesenia Burgos. 5 August 2014. Fig. 8.2: Haverford Center Exterior. Personal image taken by Chesenia Burgos. 5 August 2014. Fig. 8.3: Outdoor Recreational Fields. Personal image taken by Chesenia Burgos. 5 August 2014. Fig. 8.4: Community Outdoor Area. Personal image taken by Chesenia Burgos. 5 August 2014. Fig. 8.5: Studio. Personal image taken by Chesenia Burgos. 5 August 2014. Fig. 8.6: Multi-Purpose Room. Personal image taken by Chesenia Burgos. 5 August 2014.
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SECTION 9 | IMAGE SOURCES Fig. 9.1: http://www.spellmanbrady.com/files/projects/rolling-green-village.jpg Fig. 9.2: http://youthvoices.net/sites/default/files/image/26656/apr/books1.jpg Fig. 9.3: http://www.beauregard.org/sites/Physical%20Therapy%20Tammy.jpg Fig. 9.4: http://www.ssorkc.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Clinic-pic.jpg Fig. 9.5: http://www.rehabalternatives.com/blogspot/wp/2013/03/78616981.jpg
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A special thanks to ...
2014 CAPSTONE COMMITTEE Lisa Phillips
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Capstone Research & Programming Professor
Suzanne Nicholson |
COO/Principal at Meyer
Christina Niemeyer |
Designer at Meyer
Emanuel Ramos |
CVO/Office Manager at Art of Wellness
Chyna Finefrock
Receptionist/Owner’s Grandaughter at Visage a Visage
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