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ORGANIZACIÓN DEL AULA EN EDUCACIÓN INFANTIL Técnicas y Estrategias para Optimizar los Recursos en el Aula de Educación Infantil

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ORGANIZACIÓN DEL AULA EN EDUCACIÓN INFANTIL Desde hace unos años ha aumentado en gran medida el interés acerca de la mejor forma de organizar el aula. En la actualidad, los estudiosos y profesionales de la educación infantil prestan especial atención a este tema, ya que antes no se le daba la importancia que merecía. En este manual, que Ideaspropias Editorial le presenta, se abordan temas referentes a las características espaciales de las aulas, la distribución del tiempo en función de las necesidades del alumno, la ordenación y organización de los espacios, la adquisición de diferentes aprendizajes a través del juego, los diferentes recursos y materiales didácticos y los problemas derivados del orden en el aula. El objetivo general de este manual es presentar las pautas para organizar eficazmente la distribución del espacio, los materiales y los tiempos en el aula.

ISBN 10: 84-96578-97-6 ISBN 13: 978-84-96578-97-5

9 788496 578975

EDITORIAL

www.ideaspropiaseditorial.com


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