kampung luar batang revitalisation framework
Master of Architecture | Design Thesis S1Y22 Charensia Pricilla Rompis 860209
2
kampung luar batang revitalisation framework Supervisor: Rob Polglase, Stephanie Wan, Tina Huynh
Faculty of Architecture Building and Planning Melbourne School of Design The University of Melbourne
Fig 1. N/A, Last Studio KBBQ Celebration Night, 2022.
acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to acknowledge and give my warmest thanks to my supervisors, Rob Polglase, Stephanie Wan, and Tina Huynh, for their time and dedication throughout this final semester. It has been a long journey and I have made it until the end because of their tremendous support. I would also like to thank my studio mates, Mandy, Carol, Ian, Robyn, Amber, Calvin, Yiqi, Ling, Kirsty, and Tan for their support, banter, and motivation for this final stretch. And of course, a special thanks to ClarkeHopkinsClarke for providing us such a great studio with the best view and also getting me binge eating on snacks every Monday and Thursday. Furthermore, I would like to give a deep appreciation to Budi Pradono from Budi Pradono Architects, Indonesia, who has inspired and shown me a great insight into Indonesian Architecture. And last but not least, a heartfelt gratitude to my family and friends who have always been there for me since day one (you know who you are).
author I am Charensia Pricilla Rompis, born and raised in Indonesia. I moved to Melbourne when I was 17 to begin my journey in Architecture. At the end of 2019, I graduated from Bachelor of Design, majoring in Architecture and Landscape Architecture at the University of Melbourne. With the current pandemic situation, I have not been able to go back to visit my hometown and therefore, I decided to finish up my final postgraduate thesis on a topic that reminds me of home.
10
contents INTRODUCTION thesis question thesis statement 01 PRELIMINARY significance site analysis historical context socio-demographic architecture typology literature/ precedent studies
12 14 18 42
66
02 DESIGN PROPOSAL design strategy scenario 1.0 scenario 2.0 scenario 3.0
72 93 114 136
REFLECTION
164
APPENDIX sketch/ concept design bibliography list of figures
172
11
how can conventional kampung/ village be better developed and revitalised to amalgamate the existing neighbourhood community with the idea of contemporary living post-pandemic?
?
1. Shirleyana, Scott Hawken, Riza Yosia Sunindijo, City of Kampung: risk and resilience in the urban communities of Surabaya, Indonesia. 2018. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, Vol. 36 No. 5, p. 544. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBPA-02-2018-0025
thesis statement Kampung or village is the main urban settlement type in Indonesia that forms the basis of a social structure and urban typology of the city¹. As people are moving towards the modern world, kampung begins to lose its cultural identity and question the existence of itself. Along with the current pandemic situation and restrictions, the kampung that was originally known as a close-knit community is becoming foreign and distant. Therefore, through recollecting the past and designing for the future, this thesis proposes an architectural framework that aims to re-introduce the idea of community, locality, and contemporary living postpandemic within an existing Kampung Luar Batang in Jakarta, Indonesia.
01 preliminary
the global pandemic COVID-19 or Coronavirus disease is an infectious illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus that was first detected in Wuhan, China. The symptoms of the virus usually differ from mild to moderate respiratory illness depending on the body’s level of immunity. Older people and those with underlying medical conditions tend to develop more serious illnesses compared to others. The virus can spread through an infected person’s mouth or nose in small liquid particles when they cough, sneeze, speak or even breathe. Several ways have been implemented to reduce the current global transmission, such as getting vaccinated, wearing a proper fitted mask, washing hands, sanitising, and maintaining social distance with others¹. In Indonesia, the government introduced a public activity restriction (abbreviated as PPKM) to reduce the transmission of COVID-19. Before PPKM, the government imposed a large-scale social restriction or PSBB or what is generally called a lockdown². These restrictions regulate students and non-essential workers to work and study remotely. Although the effectiveness of the restrictions remain an open question, most citizens have opted to work from home to spend more time with the family and prevent the spread of the virus. 18 preliminary
Fig 1. 1. Charensia Rompis, Social bubble during the pandemic, 2022. 1. World Health Organization, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). (WHO, 2022). https://www.who.int/healthtopics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1. 2. Marjan Miharja, Emil Salim, Gunawan Nachrawi, Rachmat Dwi Putranto, and Anggoro Hendrawan. Implementation of emergency public activity restrictions (PPKM) in accordance with human rights and Pancasila principles. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute, 2021. (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 3: 6855. significance 19
healthcare
mobility
working habit
telehealth/ telemedicine
online transportation & logistic
flexible working arrangement (wfh)
social
consumerism
technology
personal space & safe public space
e-commerce & online delivery
smart device (touchless), robot
environment
essential
energy
urban farming & recycling
electricity & wi-fi
less carbon emission from transportation
Fig 1. 2. Charensia Rompis, Current lifestyle during the pandemic based on observation of friends and family in Jakarta, Indonesia, 2022.
20 preliminary
PPKM restriction in Indonesia applies to all sectors of society. Some industries are implementing 50% WFH (Work from Home) and 50% WFO (Work from Office). Furthermore, 100% WFH policy is applied for non-essential sectors, including teaching and learning activities. In addition to the working restriction, traveling long-distance is also prohibited unless exempt. Domestic traveling in Indonesia requires proof of vaccination and a negative result of the COVID-19 test prior to the flight¹. Since most people are now working and studying remotely, it was believed that these changes in our daily life have further influenced the way we live, work, and socialise. Internet and technology have become the primary necessity of our daily life.
Telehealth and telemedicine are slowly replacing in-person consultation, a rapid increase of users in e-commerce, transformation into smaller social bubbles, and change in the working habit that involves working/ studying from home². These activities have now developed into a new normal on a day-to-day basis which have also become a part of the flexible working arrangement implemented in several companies in Indonesia such as L’Oréal, Telkom, and Indosat. 1. COVID19.GO.ID, Communities Must Carry Out Activities Wisely During Emergency PPKM. (COVID19.GO.ID, 2021). https://covid19.go.id/p/ berita/communities-must-carry-out-activities-wiselyduring-emergency-ppkm. 2. D. Sundawa, D. S. Logayah, R. A. Hardiyanti, New Normal in The Era of Pandemic Covid-19 in Forming Responsibility Social Life and Culture of Indonesian Society. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021. vol. 747, no. 1, 2-7. https://iopscience.iop.org/ article/10.1088/1755-1315/747/1/012068.
significance 21
remote working Remote working and studying are now considered as a new normal given the current pandemic situation. A number of interviews have been conducted over the past years proving several benefits from working from home, such as being close with family, flexible working arrangement, comfortable environment, and cost and time effective. The benefits from working from home often outweigh the disadvantages. It was also believed that remote working/ studying has impacted the psychological wellbeing of workers and students, such as the feeling of burnout and loneliness from being separated from the collaborative environment. 1. A. E. Hami and R. E. Sulistiobudi (2020). Happiness at Work dan Happiness Research During WFH. https://psikologi.unpad.ac.id/wp-content/ uploads/2020/06/Happiness-at-Work-DuringWFH-05072020.pdf. 2. Dov Seidman and Angela Ahrendts. (2021). Commentary: How the best leaders help companies build deeper connection in a work-from-home world. Fortune. https://fortune.com/2021/04/02/moralleadership-human-connection-remote-work-fromhome/.
22 preliminary
Despite these disadvantages, a study from 1,140 participants found that older generations workers tend to feel happier during the remote working period compared to the younger generation¹. This could be due to the social factor from working and studying that is deemed essential for the younger generations. The online platform could connect people across the globe easily, however, online interaction would never be the same as physical interaction.
1. family time
4. traffic free
2. flexibility
5. leisure & hobby
3. safety & comfort
6. productivity
Fig 1. 4. Charensia Rompis, Benefits during remote working/ studying, 2022¹.
+ and - analysis of remote working advantages (+) - flexible working arrangement - more time spent with family - collaborative environment - time & cost efficient with mode of transportation
(-) disadvantages - lack of suitable working space - lack of a collaborative working environment - a distraction from the family members - disappearing boundary between working and personal life - lack of technical support and work supervision
Fig 1. 5. Charensia Rompis, Advantages and disadvantages from remote working, 2022¹. Mood, motivation, and boredom
30% workers
Time management and focus
feel less connected to the companies²
Work demand Technical equipment
44% workers
Communication and work coordination
feel less connected to their coworkers²
Fig 1. 6. Charensia Rompis, Challenges faced during remote working, 2022¹.
Sumatra
Banten
Jabar
Jakarta
Jateng
First week
Jatim
Kalimantan
Timur
Bali
Following weeks
Fig 1. 7. Hami, A. E. and Sulistiobudi, R. E. , Remote working level of happiness, edited by Charensia Rompis, 2022¹. significance 23
Recreational activity
3.5%
Visiting family/ relatives
7.0%
Access to fake news
27.4%
Hobby
44.1%
Exercising/ work out
47.8%
Worship
62.2%
Online communication with family/ friends
65.1% 0%
20%
40%
60%
Fig 1. 8. Charensia Rompis, Activities undertaken during the PPKM/ restriction period, 2022¹.
N/A
11.7%
Internet
31.7%
Bank/ ATM
35.9%
Medicine & General Practicioner
39.5%
Groceries
50.0% 0%
20%
40%
60%
Fig 1. 9. Charensia Rompis, Reasons to go out during the pandemic, 2022¹.
Neutral 34.7% Happy 3.3% Very Happy 1.6%
Bored 33.8%
Very Bored 26.6%
Fig 1. 10. Charensia Rompis, Psychological emotions during the PPKM/ restriction period, 2022¹.
24 preliminary
80%
survey by Central Bureau of Statistics Most of the respondents spent most of their time during PPKM/ pandemic restriction in doing activities that reduced mobility¹. The data shows that during the restriction period, people socialised through the online platform to strengthen the social connections between friends and family from around the world. The fact that people spent most of their time indoor is more than enough to affect the psychological well-being of most people. Therefore, the importance of having a private outdoor space such as a balcony or backyard is crucial to improve human’s physical and psychological wellbeing. 1. BPS RI (2021). Perilaku Masyarakat Pada Masa PPKM Darurat: Hasil Survei Perilaku Masyarakat Pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19 Periode 13-20 Juli 2021. ISBN:978-602-438-427-2. https://www.bps.go.id/ publication/2021/08/02/29234b08faa4910dee5279 af/perilaku-masyarakat-pada-masa-ppkm-darurat-hasil-sur vei-perilaku-masyarakat--pada-masapandemi-covid-19--periode-13-20-juli-2021.html.
212,762
respondents
71.3% from Java 28.7% Outside Java and Bali
significance 25
apartment kitchen bedroom bathroom living room potential working space
Fig 1. 11. Charensia Rompis, 3 Bed Fraser Place Apartment in Jakarta, 2022. base floor plan source: https://www. silverdoorapartments.com/ fraser-place-setiabudijakarta-jakarta-17907/
In an apartment setting for 4 inhabitants, the potential working space is limited to living and dining spaces that are within an open space. This could be both a bad thing and good thing. Bad thing is about the distraction from the house members and the good thing is about being in a collaborative environment where you are “working alone but together”.
medium-sized housing kitchen bedroom bathroom living room potential working space
Fig 1. 12. Charensia Rompis, Rumah Miring in Jakarta by BPA, 2015. base floor plan source: https://www.dezeen. com/2015/12/22/ budi-pradono-architectsrumah-miring-leaninghouse-jakarta-symbol-ofanti-establishment/
In a medium-sized house, the floor plans offer more remote working flexibility due to the fact that there are 3 separated floors that could be transformed into separate private working spaces. The outdoor pool provides a calming ambience that might improve the productivity whilst at home. 26 preliminary
precedent: analysing typical residential floorplan in Jakarta dormitory balcony dorm unit potential working space Fig 1. 13. Charensia Rompis, Proyek Rumah Kost Benhil oleh Bral Architect di Bendungan Hilir Jakarta, 2015. base floor plan source: https://www.arsitag.com/project/rumah-kost-benhil-1/photo/25838
In a dormitory setting, the psychological well-being of the inhabitant is questioned. The live-work-rest spaces were arranged within small units, however, with an additional balcony which is deemed non-ideal during the pandemic restrictions.
vernacular architecture: Joglo House
living room potential working space
Fig 1. 14. Charensia Rompis, Joglo House, 2018. base floor plan source: (https://www. sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S2095263518300384
The planning of vernacular dwelling remarks the importance of communal space in a house and the connection to outdoors through the use of verandah. In relation to the current remote working policy, it would be difficult for the house members to work separately without disturbing each other in the “central space”. significance 27
luxury house
kitchen bedroom bathroom living room potential working space Fig 1. 15. Charensia Rompis, Denpassar Residence in Jakarta, 2022. base floor plan source: https://www.decoist.com/ modern-javanese-design-jakarta/floor-plan-of-firstlevel-of-denpassar-residence-in-jakarta/
For a luxury house, each floors are usually dedicated for private and communal areas. Within the communal areas, the spaces can be transformed into a private working space with outdoor views. The relationship between indoor and outdoor could possibly combat a feeling of boredom during the pandemic restriction.
28 preliminary
holiday villa kitchen unit study living room collaboration Fig 1. 16. Charensia Rompis, Dancing House in Salatiga by BPA, 2015. base floor plan source: https://www. dezeen.com/2015/08/03/budi-pradonoarchitects-bamboo-dancing-mountainhouse-multiple-roof-funnels-salatigaindonesia/
A holiday villa setting is ideal for remote working as each individual have the option to work alone in their own unit or in a shared common area. Furthermore, holiday villa tend to have a shared outdoor space that have landscaping element that could potentially boost productivity for remote workers.
significance 29
case study: Digital Nomads
EU
USA
AU existing data on typical occupancy for Nomads²
Software Engineer
Public Relations
Graphic Designer
E-commerce & Marketing
Consultants & Analyst
Property Manager
Fig 1. 17. Charensia Rompis, Illustration of a digital nomad, 2022².
30 preliminary
“ ... not only are these personal lifestyle choices, but institutionalized patterns of behavior that have consequences.” -Alex, 2019, recorded by Thompson, B. Y.¹
Another term that is used to refer to remote workers is Digital Nomad. A Digital Nomad is considered as a lifestyle based on the voluntary and continuous mobility to achieve leisure that further results in feeling socially isolated, distanced from family, and feeling of loneliness¹. To become a nomad, the individual needs to be selfsustainable, meaning that they need to be fully independent. 1. Beverly Yuen Thompson, The digital nomad lifestyle:(remote) work/leisure balance, privilege, and constructed community. International Journal of the Sociology of Leisure 2, 2019. no. 1, 27-42. 2. Eurostart Enterprises, How to become a digital nomad?. 2021. http://www.eurostartentreprises. com/business-advice/item/64-how-to-become-adigital-nomad.
Nomadic lifestyle has been increasingly popular due to the current WFH trend across the globe. It will not be surprising if in the future there is a more diverse range of age groups and professions of Nomads. What used to be unfamiliar is now familiar. Similarly, other existing lifestyles to Nomads are contract workers, FIFO (Fly In Fly Out), people on sabbatical, volunteers and aid workers, and exchange students. These groups of people can be categorised as short, medium, and long-term residency and are not restricted to an individual, but, can be couples, family, or friendship groups. significance 31
factors influencing Digital Nomads
ease of doing business
living cost
temperature
language spoken
internet speed
San Fransisco, USA
Hub: Treehouse Priority on the wellness, sustainability, and collaborative local community.
currency
Fig 1. 18. Charensia Rompis, Factors influencing digital nomads, 2022¹.
Due to the similar life pattern between WFH workers and Digital Nomad, it is safe to assume that the information and statistics found from the Digital Nomads can be used as a starting point to investigate the needs and requirements for remote working/ studying. In Indonesia, the living cost is considered to be the lowest compared to the rest of the countries. From the data, it appeared that Bali is the best place for Digital Nomads compared to the other cities in Indonesia. This result might occur due to the scenic view and large demographic of people speaking English in Bali. 1. Eurostart Enterprises, How to become a digital nomad?. 2021. 32 preliminary
Miami, USA
Hub: Miami Entrepreneurship Center Partnerships with organisations and companies that enable entrepreneurs to network for free.
Buenos Aires, Argentina Hub: Urban Station Offers pricing based on the working time required.
best co:working areas for Digital Nomads according to Eurostart Enterprise London, UK
Hub: Huckletree Light and spacious, suitable for startups and tech entrepreneurs.
Berlin, Germany
Hub: Betahaus 5 levels with over 5000sqm.
Budapest, Hungary
Hub: Kaptar Weekly communal lunch to create a productive community.
Koh Lanta, Thailand
Hub: KoHub Haven for remote workers, travelling entrepreneurs and digital nomads, startup retreats, workstations and camps.
Bali, Indonesia
Hub: Hubud Open plan concept with workshops and events between members.
Wellington, New Zealand Barcelona, Spain
Hub: Makers of Barcelona Offers a wide range of pricing, space, and times required.
Paris, France
Hub: Numa Space is fully dedicated to digital startups.
Hub: CBD-Biz Hub Suitable for small business and startup community.
Fig 1. 19. Charensia Rompis, Best places for Digital Nomads, 2022¹.
significance 33
precedent studies: co-working in Bali (rural) Access to daylight
Use of local material: bamboo
Multiple co-working arrangement
Use of local material: wood Fig 1. 20. Charensia Rompis, Analysis of co-working space in Hubud, 2022. Base image source: HUBUD, Co-working space, 2022. https://ubudhood.com/directory/directory-listing/hubudco-working-space#prettyPhoto.
Hubud : Ubud, Bali Location Type : co:working space Characteristic - open plan for flexible arrangement Large window openings are designed to allow natural ventilation within the co-working space. - Cubicles available for privacy. Construction Open-air bamboo structure with a view overlooking the forest. Community: Weekly events between Digital Nomads. 34 preliminary
Double height space: openness Flexible working arrangment
Connection to outdoor
Connection to outdoor
co:working space | private vs public
Locally sourced material: bricks Fig 1. 21. Charensia Rompis, Analysis of co-working & co-living space in Outpost, 2022. Base images source: OUTPOST, Co-work & co-live, 2022. https://destinationoutpost.co/location/canggu/
Outpost : Canggu, Bali Location Type : co:working & co:living Characteristic - Two long tables dedicated for public/ co-working. - Double-space to promote the idea of openness that further connects to the outdoor space with transparency. - Two levels of private meeting rooms - The living area is designed with the idea of nature with swimming pool as the heart of the co-living space. Construction local material, warm tone.
analysis: Similar to Hubud, Outpost locally sourced some of their building materials, such as wood and bricks. Both co:working spaces also host workshops and events to engage with the local community and promote collaboration with each individual. Compared to Hubud, it is obvious that Outpost does not incorporate a traditional accent on its interior design. The furnitures were designed with the idea of ergonomics. significance 35
Jakarta
Bali
Fig 1. 22. Charensia Rompis, Map of Indonesia, 2022.
Bali, number one tourist spot in Indonesia vs Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia 36 preliminary
precedent studies: co-working in Jakarta (urban) table divider for privacy
Shared kitchen area Long linear co-working tables
Transparent window to create connection with the central area
public vs private
Fig 1. 23. Charensia Rompis, Analysis of co-working space in Wellspaces, Jakarta, 2022. Base images source: Deskby, Co-working at Wellspaces Jakarta, 2022. https://deskby.com/space/dedicated-deskdwp4M.
Wellspaces Location: SCBD, South Jakarta Type : co:working Characteristic - One of the earliest co-working spaces based in Indonesia with other branches spread across the city - The internal layout gives an impression of what a formal office space would look like. - Industrial, yet warm. - The divider in-between the shared communal tables give an impression of regular office space with dedicated cubicles for each individual. significance 37
Due to the difference in a rural and urban setting, it is quite obvious that places such as co: working spaces in Jakarta are located within a shared building with other companies. Co: working space in Jakarta gives an impression of actual office space in contrast to Bali. The workers in Bali is more flexible and more influenced by the Western worker’s lifestyle. The design of the co: working space in Bali, such as Hubud is highly influenced by the vernacular architecture in Bali. Even the furniture is carefully designed with local material and craftsmanship. Jakarta on the other hand is more into minimalism where the priority is on the ergonomics of working space. The layout is usually designed only for essential needs, not superfluous.
38 preliminary
The co: working space in Bali seems to highly value the workers. Weekly events are hosted to encourage wellbeing and community engagement to ensure that every worker is comfortable being in the space with strangers. Taking Bali’s co:working precedent studies into consideration, there is an opportunity to readdress the working condition in Jakarta such that it could incorporate local community, values, and tradition.
Fig 1. 24. Charensia Rompis, Illustration of a co:working space, 2022.
co:working in Indonesia rural
vs
urban high-rise building
forest, mountain view Scenery open, vernacular, large scale, ownership
dense, minimalism, small scale, shared-building Typology
outskirts of city small population
CBD, large population Location
mostly locals
locals & internationals Demographic
casual
formal Attire
flexible with diverse working spaces
flexible but limited to standard working tables Working spaces
Fig 1. 25. Charensia Rompis, Scenario of Rural vs Urban, 2022.
significance 39
defining kampung Traditional kampung/ village is the main urban settlement type that the majority of Indonesia’s inhabitants live in. It forms the basis of a social structure and urban typology of the city¹. There is an ongoing bias towards the idea of kampung being a slum-like habitat due to the poor hygiene and sanitation². Kampung has a strong local and community presence that are almost impossible to recreate elsewhere. The housing typology and the urban setting of a kampung reflects the history and existing condition of the neighbouring environment. 1. Shirleyana, Scott Hawken, Riza Yosia Sunindijo, City of Kampung: risk and resilience in the urban communities of Surabaya, Indonesia. 2018. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, Vol. 36 No. 5, p. 544. https://doi.org/10.1108/ IJBPA-02-2018-0025 2. Kim Dovey and Ross King, Informal Urbanism and the Taste for Slums. 2012. Tourism Geographies. p. 543-545. DOI: 10.1080/14616688.2011.613944.
40 preliminary
area that needs improvement: hygiene, sanitation dwellings that adapt to the: past - present - future residential status before: local people now: low/mid-income people
laneways: as a gathering space
kampung
>50% of total population in Jakarta social characteristic: close-knit community
architecture: local material & local labour, craftsmanship Fig 1. 26. Charensia Rompis, Characteristics of Kampung, 2022.
significance 41
kampung luar batang Muara Baru Port
storage area of PT. Pluit Sakti Kharisma Sunda Kelapa Port kampung luar batang Muara Baru
Estuary of Ciliwung River
kampung akuarium
apartment
old town 20 200 m 100 0 Fig 1. 27. Charensia Rompis, Surrounding Context of Kampung Luar Batang, 2022. N
1739 demolition protest sign Habib Husein Mosque 42 preliminary
laneways
worship
Origin of Kampung Luar Batang: Luar/ Outside
Kampung/ Village from shelter to settlement Batang/ Wood as a barrier (checkpoints)
Sunda Kelapa Harbour During the Dutch colonisation period in North Jakarta, the harbour near Kampung Luar Batang was highly utilised for trading and therefore, prior to entering the harbour, fishermen would dock their ships behind a wooden checkpoint/ batang and use the kampung area as an overnight shelter. Over the years, the shelter slowly becomes a settlement for the fishermen and they started naming it Kampung Luar Batang.
Dalam/ Inside
fish market
Sunda Kelapa Port
Fig 1. 30. Charensia Rompis, Activity Collage of Kampung Luar Batang, 2022. site context 43
about the site: kampung luar batang SDN01 Penjaringan School
g Empang
Luar Batan
Road
Luar Batang V Street
50
Legend: Mosque 44 preliminary
Street
10
r ee t
Bahari
ng IX Bata
Mitra
Kelapa
ar Lu
Luar
Sunda
treet
g II S
Batan
eet
III Street
Luar
III Str atang V
t VI S tang
Daarul Falaah Mosque
0
Luar B
Muara Baru Road
Lua r Ba
Luar Batang
N
treet
ang IV S
Luar Bat
treet
ng I S
Bata
Port
Road
100 m
market
education
parks
water bodies
a Kela
Sund
historical context:
Fig 1. 28. Heuken SJA, Tempat-tempat Bersejarah di Jakarta, 1997.
Fig 1. 29. Indira Laksmi Subroto, The bridge to cross from the fish market, n.a.
14th Century
17th Century
- Development of settlements in Sunda Kelapa Harbour during VOC’s (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie) authorisation. - Export goods: tamarind, pepper, rice, vegetables, fruits, etc. - Ships: China, India, Persia, Arabia, and other South Asian Countries.
- Settlement for the workers in the harbour and the fishermen. - Spontaneous urban growth pattern. - Habib Husein Mosque (1739) was built - Ethnic group of Betawi Pesisiran in the area.
ort apa P
Habib Husein Mosque
Kampung Luar Batang is located in the Northern part of Jakarta which was formerly known as Sunda Kelapa during the first decades of the 18th century. The area was originally formed during the Dutch colonisation and the surrounding site had been declared as one of the cultural heritages by the Government in 1993. One of the reasons that the village is known for its deep heritage roots is due to one of the old Mosque in kampung luar batang that was built by Syeh Sayid Husein Abubakar Al-Aydus, a religious leader from Hadramaut in Southern Yemen¹. The majority of people living in kampung is from an Islamic background and therefore, the Mosque becomes the main communal space for the community as well as one of the most visited tourist spot in the kampung. 1. Shuji Funo, Bambang F. Ferianto, and Kyouta Yamada. Considerations on space formation and transformation of Kampung Luar Batang (Jakarta). 2004. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering 3, no. 1 (2004): 173-180. historical context 45
site analysis
12pm
5pm g Empang
Luar Batan
Road
RW-3 (14RTs) Luar Batang V Street
r ee t
Luar
RW-1 (11RTs) Luar
Sunda
Mitra
Bahari
treet
g II S
Batan
eet
III Street
Luar Batang
Kelapa
Street
t VI S tang
ng IX Bata
Luar B
Lua r Ba
ar Lu
treet
ang IV S
Luar Bat
III Str atang V
Muara Baru Road
RW-2 (12RTs)
treet
ng I S
Bata
Port
Road
topography /1m 10
N 0
50
100 m
Legend: windrose 10 0
46 preliminary 100 m 50
sunpath
transportation
access to kampung
a Kela
Sund
ort apa P
external transportation transjakarta 12
7am
12A
to City
12B
to Senen
12E
to BNI 46
1A
to Monas
transjakarta microbus JAK3
to Tanah Abang
Train - Station CENTRAL LINE BEKASI LINE LOOP LINE
internal transportation
community organisation religious function in every RW each RW has a chief of RW with an office and siskamling (environmental safety system)
site analysis 47
site mapping: programs
ng Empang
Luar Bata
Road
Luar Batang V Street
Legend: 10
N 0
50
48 preliminary
r ee t
Port
data from: Funo, Ferianto, and Yamada, 177.
business (3.5%)
The100majority of the programs within m Kampung Luar Batang is 80% residential area. Most of the business sectors within kampung are grocery, food kiosk, trading office, hair salon, and printing. Having business and residential areas in one plot is not unusual due to the limitation in the density of the urban fabric around the kampung.
50
treet
ng I S
Bata
Road
100 m
residential (80%)
Street
10
Bahari
ng IX Bata
Mitra
Kelapa
ar Lu
Sunda
treet
g II S
Batan
ort apa P
a Kel
Sund
I Street
III Street
Luar
ang VII
t VI S tang
Luar
0
at Luar B
Muara Baru Road
Lua r Ba
Luar Batang
N
Street
tang IV
Luar Ba
living & business (16.5%)
site mapping: warung/ kiosk
ng Empang
Luar Bata
Road
Luar Batang V Street
Legend: 10
N 0
50
100 m
50
Street
10
r ee t
Bahari
ng IX Bata
Mitra
Kelapa
ar Lu
Sunda
treet
g II S
Batan
ort apa P
a Kel
Sund
I Street
III Street
Luar
ang VII
t VI S tang
Luar
0
at Luar B
Muara Baru Road
Lua r Ba
Luar Batang
N
Street
tang IV
Luar Ba
treet
ng I S
Bata
Port
Road
100 m
attached warung (75%)
data from: Funo, Ferianto, and Yamada, 178.
detached warung (25%) In addition to a living and resting area, there is often warung/ kiosk found in front of the house. Some warungs are a side business for the wives while the husband goes to work on a day-to-day basis. Furthermore, warung can also be extended to the street where it creates a connection with the pedestrian and improve the socio-economic within the kampung site. site analysis 49
site mapping: building height
ng Empang
Luar Bata
Road
Luar Batang V Street
Legend: 10
N 0
50
50 preliminary
treet
r ee t
ng I S
Bata
Port
Road
100 m
single storey (38.6%)
The100majority of the building height m in the kampung is double-storey height where it typically consists of owner space on the ground level and renter space on the upper floor. Although the mapping categorises the building from one to three storeys high, there are often spaces with less than 180mm due to the road pavements due to the rising sea level and seasonal flooding.
50
Street
10
Bahari
ng IX Bata
Mitra
Kelapa
ar Lu
Sunda
treet
g II S
Batan
ort apa P
a Kel
Sund
I Street
III Street
Luar
ang VII
t VI S tang
Luar
0
at Luar B
Muara Baru Road
Lua r Ba
Luar Batang
N
Street
tang IV
Luar Ba
data from: Funo, Ferianto, and Yamada, 177.
double storey (59%)
triple storey (2.4%)
site mapping: building typology
ng Empang
Luar Bata
Road
RW-3 Luar Batang V Street
r ee t
treet
g II S
Batan
Street
Luar
ort apa P
a Kel
Sund
I Street
III Street
Luar Batang
ng IX Bata
t VI S tang
ang VII
Lua r Ba
ar Lu
Street
tang IV
Luar Ba
at Luar B
Muara Baru Road
RW-2
treet RW-1 ng I S Bata
Luar
Sunda
Mitra
N
10 0
Legend: 10
N 0
50
100 m
50
Bahari
Kelapa
Port
Road
data from: Google Street Images
100 m
traditional building
modern building
demolished building
The majority of buildings in RW-3 are modern buildings. From the site survey, it can be seen that there is demolition across the site where they started replacing traditional buildings with modern buildings. In RW-1 however, a number of traditional buildings are being retained, although there seems to be existing Betawi Vernacular Architecture across the kampung. site analysis 51
research data
51 buildings out of 507 buildings (10%) are made of semi-permanent structure
construction material concrete, wooden structure, plywood, corrugated metal sheet.
regulation in the area mixed use - 4 levels business - 8 levels social related - 2levels
2-10 person each household (5 average)
to address the flooding occurence single storey house: 29%
2-storeys house: 59%
gf: brick wall ff: wooden board, plywood, metal sheet r: 55% corrugated sheet | 43% roof-tile | 2% concrete to reflect harsh sun exposure
3-storeys house: 12%
flood measures
occupancy
why locals are staying in the kampung?
52 preliminary
repeated road pavement
trading
quality of the current dwelling in the kampung that might not be the same elsewhere
lower housing/ increased ground floor
~200 service industry (carpenter, tailor, etc.)
lost of income if they move somewhere else
flood barrier
~675 private sector
locals not being able to adapt to new customs and traditions if they move elsewhere
tradition/ communal activities
Malam Jumat Market & Pekan Market every friday night 4pm-5am house transforms/ extends into shops, stalls, laundry, phone kiosk, beauty salon, public lavatories, garages, tailors, entrertainment, rental house, etc. also occurs during Islamic’s calendar celebrations.
Habib Husein Mosque founder: Syeh Sayid Husein Abubakar Al-Aydus (1756 - buried within the mosque) pilgrimage ritual & activity
characteristics of Kampung Luar Batang
detereorating living quality
highly populated
kampung
origin of “Betawi” people
settlement for Javanese labourers and fishermen
flood-prone area
half storey lower ground due to flood measures
dominated by modern buildings
current programs in kampung luar batang
63 houses with 11 rental houses & rooms warung/ local shop
12 grocery shops
5 telephone rental
Fig 1. 32. Charensia Rompis, Research findings in Kampung Luar Batang, 2022. data source: Funo, Ferianto, and Yamada. Considerations on space formation and transformation of Kampung Luar Batang (Jakarta). 173-180. socio-demographic 53
Vendor’s Space
Service Area
sewer sewer Neighbourhood to the Mosque
The typical layout of dwellings within the kampung consists of occupied space for the owner and rentable space for the renters. The majority of the owners work live and socialise in their own space where the front area is usually extended out to the street and be utilised as a market space for the socio-economic purpose. 1. Popi Puspitasari, Sudaryono Achmad Djunaedi, and Heddy Shri Ahimsa Putra. 2011. Ritual and space structure: Pilgrimage and space use in historical urban kampung context of Luar Batang (Jakarta, Indonesia). Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 36: 355. 54 preliminary
alley
socio-economic context surrounding the Mosque
temporary market space (extended business area)
Renter
Rentable Space
Owner
Occupied Space alley
sewer
Neighbourhood around the Mosque
sewer
alley
Fig 1. 33. Charensia Rompis, Typical housing arrangement in Kampung Luar Batang, 2022¹.
typical accommodation unit for rent
3x4m
3x6m
bedroom + toilet Rp 125,000 - 150,000/ month ~ $12.5 - $15/ month
unit unit
bedroom + toilet & kitchen Rp 170,000 - 250,000/ month ~ $17 - $25/ month
b
a
corridor: shared common space socio-economic 55
updated roofing element for balcony
level changes
modern building
sanitation area Fig 1. 34. Google Maps, Virtual Site Visit, 2022. Image source: Google Maps. 2021. Kampung Luar Batang (Jakarta). 56 preliminary
modern building
existing building conditions
new vs old
steep staircase
Luar Batang II Street
level changes
balconies
construction of modern building using traditional scaffolding: bamboo
analysis: The ground floor of each dwelling varies from one storey to a half storey from the street level due to the road pavement after a series of flooding. Some of the construction of the housing element such as the staircase does not meet the regulation since it was built by the locals in the past.
level changes
Luar Batang IX Street analysis: Literature studies mentioned that there used to be Betawi Vernacular Architecture within the area, however, according to the virtual site visit, it appears that most of the housings within the site are generic old buildings that are slowly transitioning into a modern building.
architectural typology 57
existing building conditions near the Mosque
shop frontage and existing dwelling
SDN1 Penjaringan (Primary School)
new vs old
Fig 1. 35. Google Maps, Virtual Site Visit, 2022. Image source: Google Maps. 2021. Kampung Luar Batang (Jakarta). 58 preliminary
construction material
demolition of old housing
half-storey housing
kindergarten
Habib Husein Mosque
intersection in front of the Mosque and food kiosks
Luar Batang V Street analysis: Although some traditional ornaments are still visible in some of the dwellings, it appears that the locals built their own dwellings according to their own necessity and disregard the idea of ornamentation in the architecture. A number of old housings are slowly being demolished and replaced with new modern building. architectural typology 59
Vernacular Architecture in Kampung Luar Batang
Fig 1. 36. Indira Laksmi Subroto, Sketches of the Existing Traditional Houses in kampung Luar Batang, 2022. private
public
Fig 1. 37. Indira Laksmi Subroto, Various Plans of the Traditional Houses of the Betawi people, 2022. edited by Charensia Rompis, 2022.
60 preliminary
Research has shown that only 12% of Vernacular Architecture remains in Kampung Luar Batang¹ which becomes a concern in the loss of cultural identity within the kampung. Through the virtual site visit, it seems that the majority of the buildings were designed by locals with a functional purpose that was cost-effective, rather than incorporating ornaments. Nowadays, old buildings are slowly being replaced with a new modern building that incorporates ornament in the facade (European influence). Characteristic: Porch, Staircase of the porch, ventilation, wooden plank under the roofing edge The organisation of the place usually begins with a porch, bedrooms/ living areas, kitchen, and bathroom at the end of the house. ‘Vernacular’ in this neighbouring kampung can be translated as construction that adapts to the needs of the residents over time and reflects the socio-environmental aspect of the kampung. 1. Indira Laksmi Subroto. n.a. Preservation of Kampung Luar Batang, Sunda Kelapa, North Jakarta. University of Trisakti, Indonesia, 11.
architectural typology 61
development projects of Kampung Luar Batang in the past
1988
IUCD
Integrated Urban Community Development. Ended in 1996. Organisations Involved: PT. Spektra Matrika Indah (consulting firm in Jakarta), funded by BORDA Foundation from Germany, supported by Government of DKI Jakarta. Key Areas: - During 1989, it was found that the kampung was in a bad social and physical condition due to the increasing level of population, lack of sanitation, and undisposed garbage. - Aims to promote self-confidence of the locals and to solve the poverty and social-welfare problems. Successful: - A number of family incomes had increased. - Locals had a better understanding of their land, Government officials and bank. - The slum-look of the kampung had decreased, but not completely.
1993
DKI Jakarta’s Governor Decree
Key Areas: - Kampung Luar Batang was listed on the heritage as a preserved urban area. - Extension of Sunda Kelapa Harbour as a touristic area (i.e. hotels, apartments, etc.)
Key Areas: - Preserving Architectural heritage of a maritime settlements and developing tourism aspect with the city planning program. - Training for the locals, providing facilities, improving house condition and environment.
1995
PT. Spektra Matrika Indah
in coordination with the Building Planning and Conservation Agency of DKI Jakarta. Key Areas: - Physical plan to preserve the cultural and historical value of the site.
1996
University of Trisakti
Key Areas: - Re-designing Vernacular Architecture of Betawi Pesisiran that containts ornamental with new interior planning together with the Government’s decree no. 120/1993.
2020
DKI Jakarta’s Governor
Organisations Involved: Government of DKI Jakarta. DKI Jakarta’s Governor Decree
No. 475/ 1993.
Key Areas: - List of historical buildings to be preserved, such as Mosque of Habib Husein. 62 preliminary
Seniwono Maulana Architects
upon request of the Government of DKI Jakarta.
No. 120/ 1993.
1993
1988
Key Areas: - Revitalisation of Habib Husein Mosque as a tourist spot through ornamentation and exterior design.
data source from: Indira Laksmi Subroto. n.a. Preservation of Kampung Luar Batang, Sunda Kelapa, North Jakarta. University of Trisakti, Indonesia, 4-6.
g Empang
Luar Batan
Road
case study: kampung akuarium Luar Batang V Street
r ee t
Luar
Sunda
DKI Jakarta’s Governor Mitra
Bahari
Kelapa
Street
B
ng IX Bata
II S atang
Sunda
t a Por
Kelap
kampung akuarium
et
Luar
treet
III Stre
Luar Batang
Key Areas: - 3 Shelter Blocks were built in Kampung Akuarium. - Concept of the new development for Kampung Akuarium in the Fish Market that was demolished during 2016 by the former Government.
2021
kampung luar batang
t VI S tang
ar Lu
Lua r Ba
tang V
2018
Luar Ba
III Street
Key Areas: - Eviction and demolition by the former Government ‘Ahok’ in Fish Market
Street
tang IV
DKI Jakarta’s Governor
Luar Ba
Muara Baru Road
2016
treet
gIS
Batan
demolition area
Port
Road 10
N 0
50
100 m
Buildings from the Dutch Colonial Era
Fig 1. 38. Charensia Rompis, Demolition area in Fish Market (now kampung akuarium), 2022.
DKI Jakarta’s Governor
Key Areas: - Completion of Kampung Akuarium.
Fig 1. 39. Daniel Caesar Pratama, the new vertical kampung Akuarium, 2021.
analysis: Due to the demolition during 2016 in the fish market, the government built a vertical kampung for the locals living near the market. From the Architectural language, it appears that the design is incorporating elements from the Maritime Museum, previously owned by the VOC, such as the roof shape and the window openings.
With the current pandemic situation, it is critical to have a private open space/ balcony which this village does not have. The building gives an impression of a typical apartment dwelling in an urban setting with minimal consideration to its occupants. Furthermore, some locals have argued that the land is supposed to be preserved, not built on. historical context 63
SWOT
64 preliminary
Strength - Deep historical roots with the community and the Mosque. - Strategic site: close to the harbour and the city. - Option for pandemic measures.
Weakness - Lost of cultural identity with the newly built architecture form. - Flood-prone area. - Non-ideal living condition. - Poor sanitation and hygiene.
Opportunities - Potential tourism area. - Architecture: learn from the past and develop for the present and future. - An interaction between the locals and visitors. - Re-activating its traditional and cultural identity. - Give the locals an ease of mind that the site will not be demolished (case study: kampung akuarium). - Introduce and guide the locals into living a better life and health condition.
Threats - Local’s ressistance to adapting to the new norm. - Gentrification. - Rising sea levels that cause seasonal flooding. 65
literature studies: made in tokyo author: Momoyo Kaijima and Yoshiharu Tsukamoto year: 2001 about - Observation and re: translating Tokyo’s chaotic urban fabric. - In Tokyo, cultural interest is low whereas the interest in practical issues and affordance is high. - Unexpected cross-pollination of unrelated programs that co-existed in a single form of building. - Cross-bred programs between infrastructure, commercial structure, constructed ground, retaining wall with architecture. analysis The idea of cross-pollination programs in Tokyo further applies to the kampung condition in Kampung Luar Batang. The urban typology in the kampung generally consists of a dwelling with a shopfront extension into the street. The activity of people living in kampung revolves within the kampung itself. Furthermore, the socio-economic condition of people living in the urban scale of Tokyo is similar to what exists in the kampung in Jakarta. The guidebook to this literature study can be used to analyse and implement a new framework for the kampung. 66
Fig 1. 40. Charensia Rompis, Made in Tokyo Cover Page, 2022.
literature studies: delirious New York A Retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan author: Rem Koolhaas year: 1978
Fig 1. 41. Charensia Rompis, Delirious New York Cover Page, 2022.
about - Investigation in Manhattan that records the symbiotic relationship between its culture and architecture. - Consistency of the unrelated urbanism in Manhattan that was a part of an unformulated movement. - “A culture of congestion” where greed is the main drive to the architecture which occasionally and accidentally produces some of the best architectural forms that were ever designed. analysis A reference of Coney Island as a testing ground to bring the idea of rural into the urban setting - similarly to the kampung in Jakarta with the idea of rural within the urban setting. With the planning of a kampung, it appears that the dwellings are built after one another that does not even follow a building regulation. This desperation of functional matter disregarded the rules and created a strong engagement of the community through the street and laneways. literature studies 67
architecture precedent: green school, Bali Location Architects Year Type
: Bali, Indonesia : IBUKU : 2007 : School & Community
analysis The building is inspired from the craftsmanship of the local material through the use of bamboo as a permanent structure and thatched roof to represent a roofing material that was used in the past. The internal arrangement is designed to promote the idea of collaborative community. Fig 1. 42. Charensia Rompis, analysis on Green School, Bali, 2022. 68
architecture precedent: Kampung Admiralty, Singapore Location : Singapore Architects : WOHA Year : 2017 Type : Mixed-use for elderly Key : Elderly, greenery, physical and psychological well-being.
analysis The programs within the building were designed for elderly with biophilic design that mimics the idea of a kampung/ village. Through creating public and private space, the building successfully created residential and a mixed-use buildings that complement each other.
views
Fig 1. 43. Charensia Rompis, analysis on Kampung Admiralty, Singapore, 2022. precedent studies 69
70 concept
02 design proposal
71
The framework will be designed as a revitalisation plan to provide the locals with an option to develop their existing buildings. The main objectives are to promote the tourism sector within the community and create better living conditions post-pandemic. The framework will consist of a fixed spatial organisation with a kit of parts that allow the locals the freedom to choose. Furthermore, a partnership between the locals, architects, investors, and the government is necessary to make it work.
72 concept
key design principles Architecture: adapts to surrounding context and materiality
affordability & flexibility
community engagement
Spatial Organisation adapts to local culture and traditions
cross-pollination: people & programs
3 frameworks 5 key design principles across the RWs in Kampung Luar Batang
design strategy 73
Characteristic: Visitors - Digital Nomad - Interstate Workers/ Students/ Researchers Age: 21-50 (self-sustainable) Occupancy:
Software Engineer
Public Relations
Graphic Designer
E-commerce & Marketing
Consultants & Analyst
Property Manager
Length of Stay: Short-Medium Term Objective: Starting point in transforming the kampung as a tourism spot, including promoting local values and improving facilities & services Necessity programs accommodation
working space
praying area
shared laundry
warung/ kiosk
affordability
community engagement
access to nature
escape/ healing
increasing productivity
traits
74 concept
target audience Characteristic: Local - Local Citizen - Nearby Workers Age: varies (existing age group) Occupancy:
Service Sector
Fisherman
Farmer
Trading Sector
Kiosk Owner
Cook/ chef
Length of Stay: Long Term Objective: Creating a better living condition and begin to introduce the locals into contemporary living Necessity programs praying area
toko/ shop
shared laundry
warung/ food kiosk
communal space traits
sanitation better living & hygiene condition
flexibility & adaptability
affordability
community engagement design strategy 75
local’s and visitor’s activity throughout the day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
fajr
persona visitor
sunrise
dhuhr
asr
maghrib
urban farming
community gathering
isha
local
legend
rest
76 concept
laundry
eating/ shared kitchen
remote working/ working space
street vendors/ food stalls
praying
transformation of communal activity throughout the day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
activity place
communal space
transformation of commercial activity throughout the day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
fish market
day market
night market
food stall/ street vendors
warung/ kiosk
place
1 space = multiple functions 77
The diagram shows how people and programs will be designed to blend together within the framework, for example, different occupancies between locals and visitors, and multiple shared programs happening in throughout the day. Through this cross-pollination of people and programs, we can achieve a number of benefits such as community engagement, improvement in the social and economic sector within the kampung.
78 concept
praying area
affordability warung/ kiosk
Consultants & Analyst
Public Relations
shared laundry
better living condition
escape/ healing
Service Sector
Trading Sector
Fisherman
accommodation
community engagement
Cook/ chef
Software Engineer
Market Owner
sanitation & hygiene
living x working
shared kitchen
Graphic Designer
E-commerce & Marketing
urban farming
access to nature working space
Farmer
adaptability & flexibility
people & programs
programs 79
about the framework architecture language referencing traditional Betawi house gable roof
porch/ balconies external staircase
program as a kit of parts
economy
warung/ kiosk
shared laundry
workshop
communal workspace
social
public gathering
shared kitchen
urban farming
communal workspace
wellbeing 80 concept
residential accommodation
quiet nook
praying area
related sectors
Government
Government
mutual agreement Funding Source
Architect
Locals Locals 1. DKI Jakarta’s Governor sector in charge for future plans in Jakarta 2. The Building Planning & Conservation Agency - Jakarta in charge of the preservation of Kampung Luar Batang 3. The Tourism Agency - Jakarta to increase awareness & promote local value 4. Additional funding source: NGO & Commercial sector contribution 5. The locals Architects & Residents
design strategy 81
form response
surrounding context and climatic condition
height regulation
setback for daylight access throughout the building
82 concept
gabled roof to reflect directional sun
spatial programming
residential + shared mixed-use R 2 semi-public 1 G private
public
massing & spatial organisation
residential
G
warung / kiosk back-of-house warung/kiosk street interface
shared programs: 1 space = multiple functions
warung/ kiosk as a blending tool with the public realm
design strategy 83
material palette
referencing existing social and economic context lightweight materiality
3. corrugated sheet 2. wood
heavy referencing flood context
84 concept
1. recycled red bricks
corrugated metal sheet function: reflect directional sun from going into the building, prevent undesired heat.
brickwork function: roof, wall, doors option: brick variation to allow light penetration and air circulation
bamboo
wood
function: construction scaffolding, space divider, and furnitures.
function: furniture, structure
design strategy 85
exposed structure
setback to allow daylight into the house
materiality: wood & polycarbonate 86 concept
daylight access and materiality
external courtyard
interior ambience and design
balcony and daylight staircase as public function
moodboard 87
chosen framework site
g Empang
Luar Batan
Road
RW-3 (14RTs) Luar Batang V Street
r ee t
RW-1 (11RTs) Luar
Sunda
Mitra
10
N 0
50
100 m
Legend: Mosque in RW-1 10 0
88 concept 50
100 m
Bahari
treet
g II S
Batan
Kelapa
treet
ng I S
Bata
Port
Road
kampung framework Prayer Room in RW-2
Mosque in RW-3
Street
Luar
eet
III Street
Luar Batang
ng IX Bata
t VI S tang
III Str atang V
Lua r Ba
ar Lu
treet
ang IV S
Luar Bat
Luar B
Muara Baru Road
RW-2 (12RTs)
a Kela
Sund
ort apa P
near Habib Husein Mosque scenario 3.0 focuses on the framework acting as a vertical kampung including warung, shared communal facilities, and dwelling for the owners. intersection of kampung scenario 2.0 focuses on the framework being an active space for gathering with additional dwelling, accommodation, cafe, and shared communal space. near Sunda Kelapa Port scenario 1.0 focuses on the framework as a typical framework with warung, dwellings, accommodation and shared communal space. There are three religious centres within Kampung Luar Batang that are distributed in each RW (community organisation). Each RW is under a chief or secretary that are in charge of the residents and the surrounding environment. Using similar socio-religious strategy, the framework will each be positioned within each RW considering the street frontage, ease of access, and existing building conditions.
framework site 89
The three scenarios explore different brief and architecture that reflects the existing condition and needs of the site. Each of the frameworks consists of the same spatial organisation, with the lower ground consisting of a dwelling/ accommodation, and shared space in the upper areas. Each framework contains a similar program, however, slightly differs to accommodate the needs of the surrounding programs. These frameworks aim to re-introduce the idea of community and contemporary living post-pandemic. For the village, these frameworks mean boosting the economy, cultural and tourism aspect of the village.
90 concept
exploded isometric of the proposed framework
91
scenario 1.0
scenario 1.0
g Empang
Luar Batan
Road
RW-3 Luar Batang V Street
r ee t Sunda
Mitra
Bahari
10 0
50
reet
g I St
Batan
Port
Road
20
N 0
N
Kelapa
t
Luar
Street
Batan
rt
pa Po
a Kela
Sund
III Stree
III Street
Luar
reet
g II St
RW-1
ng IX Bata
t VI S tang
Luar Batang
key location
Street
tang V
Lua r Ba
ar Lu
tang IV
Luar Ba
Luar Ba
Muara Baru Road
RW-2
100
200 m
100 m
93
target audience
Aman 7 y.o Student
Adi 48 y.o Trader
Tika Ma’ Ani 43 y.o 65 y.o Housewife Retired
locals Since Aman started going to one of the Primary Schools in the kampung, Tika and Ma’ Ani have been feeling bored at home. Therefore, Adi decided to renovate the house so Tika can stay with Ma’ Ani at home and manage an accommodation upstairs with shared facilities for visitors and neighbours. As for Ma’ Ani, she likes cooking and farming, therefore, Adi created a rooftop space for her where she can grow and cook her own produce. scenario 1.0
Doddy 34 y.o Graphic Designer
Lala Beatrice 28 y.o 32 y.o Fashion Content Designer Writer
James 23 y.o Interstate Student
visitors AM Tika & Ma’ Ani take charge of cooking in the morning, along with Beatrice. During the working hours, Adi took Aman to school before he goes to work, meanwhile, the visitors PM spend their day working in the communal space. At dinner time, the visitors would cook with Tika & Ma’ Ani and eat together with Aman and Adi in the communal space upstairs. 95
site analysis framework site RW-1: Luar Batang IX Street No. 1
Luar Batang VIII
21m
10m
210m²
Street
ng IX Str
Luar Bata
1
N 0
site plan
scenario 1.0
5
10 m
eet
vehicle & pedestrian access framework 1.0 site (210m²) 1
N 0
isometric view
5
10 m
The first framework within the site will utilise the strategic site near the Port to critique the current building proposal on the site. The proposed site consists of a four-storeys building under construction which is starting to show resemblance to the typical modern buildings around the kampung, especially the curved balconies and prominent external columns outdoor. 97
Betawi roof form modern building under construction
bamboo as scaffolding material residential
residential residential
existing condition external staircase for the units above exposed timber structure on brick plinths existing building material bricks (plastered and painterd) > wood structure (painted) > corrugated metal sheet
scenario 1.0
Strength Located within residential areas. Weakness - Site being near the port - potential flooding risk. - Lack of street engagement since the area lacks of warung and communal public space. Opportunities - The current proposal can be a critique to the existing building under construction. - New income and job opportunities. - Reintroduce the idea of warung/ market space to boost the socioeconomic aspect within the area and improve street engagement. Threat A number of abandoned buildings nearby, therefore, high maintenance.
SWOT
99
proposed design concept diagram
skylight
form response to the surrounding context
sun & daylight access
programs
economy
warung/ kiosk
shared laundry
workshop
communal workspace
social
public gathering
shared kitchen
urban farming
communal workspace
wellbeing scenario 1.0
residential accommodation
quiet nook
skylight
semi-public semi-private
public
semi-public private
horizontal and vertical circulation
spatial organisation
building fenestrations: visibility, daylight, and air ventilation 101
materiality
scenario 1.0
pavement: recycled red bricks staircase: red brick and wood panel highlighting the transition between the podium and the main building.
glass awnings with black chrome contrast between the traditional and the contemporary. window that acts as an overhead canopy, creating intimate space. podium in recycled brickwork as a bold language that performs as a base that highlights the verticality through openings and setbacks.
alternating bricks on the balcony to highlight the transition from the podium (bricks) to the main building (wood), as well as giving the idea of openness to the circulation space.
wood panels exaggerating the idea of louvres for natural ventilation. allow continuous natural ventilation and daylight while maintaining privacy for/ from the neighbours.
glass skylight allows daylight into the buiilding while maintaining privacy. exposed timber structure exaggerating the idea of local material and labour. corrugated sheet emphasising the neighbourhood socio-economic condition. 103
warung gorengan/ fried food stall
Legend:
1. Fried food stall (warung) 2. Kitchen 3. Living room 4. Kitchen/ dining room 5. Ma’ Ani’s bedroom 6. Aman’s bedroom 7. Adi & Tika’s bedroom 8. Balcony 9. Coffee shop 10. Co-working space scenario 1.0
11. Meeting room 12. Communal kitchen area 13. Reading nook 14. Shared laundry 15. Double bed accommodation unit 16. Single bed accommodation unit 17. Quiet zone 18. Chill zone 19. Multi-purpose room 20. Indoor rooftop garden
Section Isometric A-A Scale 1:200
1 0
2
5
m
105
G
N Scale 1:200 scenario 1.0
1 0
2
5
m
1
N N scale 1:100
1 0
2
5
m 107
2 scenario 1.0
R N scale 1:100
1 0
2
5
m
109
Luar Batang IX Street No. 1
Scale 1:100 scenario 1.0
1 0
Section Isometric B-B 2
5
m
External Render 111
scenario 1.0
Physical Model
113
scenario 2.0
g Empang
Luar Batan
Road
RW-3 Luar Batang V Street
r ee t
Bahari
10 0
50
100 m
reet
g I St
Batan
Port
Road
20
N 0
N
t
Mitra
Kelapa
Street
Batan
Luar
Sunda
III Stree
III Street
Luar
reet
g II St
RW-1
ng IX Bata
t VI S tang
Luar Batang
key location
Street
tang V
Lua r Ba
ar Lu
tang IV
Luar Ba
Luar Ba
Muara Baru Road
RW-2
100
200 m
rt
pa Po
a Kela
Sund
target audience
Linda 35 y.o Housewife
Anton 37 y.o Business Manager
locals Linda and Anton got married during the early pandemic and decided to move back to their kampung because now Anton can work remotely. Hence, Anton demolished the existing building in his plot and initiate to make a change for the kampung community. After communicating with Linda and Anton’s business partner, Anton decided to build their house with an additional co-living and co-working space for interstate workers just like Anton.
scenario 2.0
Janet 24 y.o Social Media & Marketing
Gerard 26 y.o Start-Up CEO
Tiana 25 y.o Start-Up Co-Founder
visitors AM In the morning, Linda and Janet did some laundry in the communal space over a cup of coffee. Linda and Anton usually prepared and eat breakfast with the visitors. During the working PM hours, Anton always works in the shared co-working areas with the visitors and attends some weekly workshops by invited panels. After dinner, Anton likes to gather and talk to the locals and visitors until bedtime.
117
site analysis framework site RW-2: Luar Batang VIII Street No. 6
12.5m
8.5m
106.25m²
Luar Batang VIII Street
Luar Batang IV Street
1
N 0
site plan
scenario 2.0
5
10 m
vehicle & pedestrian access
1
N 0
isometric view
5
framework 2.0 site (106.25m²)
10 m
The second framework is proposed to be in an intersection where it can become a strategic meeting location for the people across Kampung Luar Batang. In contrast to the other two frameworks, the site is surrounded by shops, kiosks, and mixed-use (residential and business) that could be a great potential to create residential programs. 119
modern buildings external staircase for above units warung/ kiosk storage
mixed-use
existing condition unused space - drying laundry existing building material bricks (plastered and painterd) > wood structure (painted) > corrugated metal sheet
scenario 2.0
Strength Located in an intersection in the heart of the kampung. Weakness - Lack of space for laundry. Opportunities - The exisiting site is currently unused. - Having the site in an intersection, it can become a strategic meeting point for the commmunity and a space for gathering and speech. Threat - Gentrification - because the site will be an important gathering place for the local community.
SWOT
121
proposed design concept diagram skylight
form response to the surrounding context
sun & daylight access
programs
economy
warung/ kiosk
shared laundry
social
public seating
urban farming
wellbeing scenario 2.0
meeting room
residential accommodation
quiet nook
skylight
semi-public semi-private
public street interface & public realm
semi-public private spatial organisation
building fenestrations: visibility, daylight, and air ventilation 123
materiality
scenario 2.0
pavement: recycled red bricks create a transition between the street interface and the building. staircase: red brick and wood panel a staircase and a seating space that creates an engagement within the bustling intersection of the neighbourhood.
alternating bricks on the balcony and residence’s entry give a sense of openness and light into the circulation space, as well as acting as a transition and threshold.
timber balcony additional feature to the timber grid facade that further highlights the relationship between the indoor and outdoor space. setback from the main podium to give a sense of hierarchy.
glass window for daylight, visibility, and public engagement with the street interface.
glass skylight, creates a sense of rooftop space while remain indoor. exposed timber structure appreciating local material and its beauty. corrugated metal sheet highlighting the existing tropical weather condition. 125
Legend:
1. Public seating area 2. Living room 3. Guest room 4. Linda & Anton’s bedroom 5. Balcony 6. Lobby 7. Meeting room
scenario 2.0
8. Bathroom 9. Quite room 10. Single bed accommodation unit 11. Double bed accommodation unit 12. Shared laundry 13. Rooftop garden 14. Rooftop cafe 15. Cafe bacl-of-house
Section Isometric B-B | Scale 1:100 1
0
2
5
m 127
G
scenario 2.0
1
N
Scale 1:100
1 0
2
5
m 129
2
scenario 2.0
R
N
Scale 1:100
1 0
2
5
m 131
Luar Batang VIII Street No. 6
Scale 1:100 scenario 2.0
1 0
Section Isometric B-B 2
5
m
External Render 133
scenario 2.0
Physical Model
135
scenario 3.0
g Empang
Luar Batan
Road
RW-3 Luar Batang V Street
r ee t
Bahari
t
Mitra
Kelapa
10 0
50
100 m
reet
g I St
Batan
Port
Road
N
20 100
N
Street
Batan
Luar
Sunda
III Stree
III Street
Luar
reet
g II St
RW-1
ng IX Bata
t VI S tang
Luar Batang
key location
Street
tang V
Lua r Ba
ar Lu
tang IV
Luar Ba
Luar Ba
Muara Baru Road
RW-2
200 m
rt
pa Po
a Kela
Sund
target audience
Tetty 42 y.o Housewife
Ma’ Ina 62 y.o Retired
Ahmad Jordan 43 y.o 27 y.o Accountant Warung Owner
locals Ahmad and family have been living in their house for over decades. Through the period, they went through a series of flooding event that resulted in the house being under the street level. Since Jordan has started earning income, him and his dad, Ahmad, decided to renovate the house so that Ma’ Ina and Tetty can live comfortably in the house while they go to work. Furthermore, in order to gain some funding back, Ahmad decided to invest in several shared community facilities for the locals that will be managed by Tetty. scenario 3.0
Rudin 38 y.o Software Engineer
Hamli Lola 34 y.o 33 y.o Local Craftsperson Trader
visitors AM Early in the morning, Tetty and Ma’ Ina have been busy doing house chores and preparing some breakfast. When Ahmad and Jordan go to work, Tetty starts her job, from making sure all areas are clean to make sure people come and go comfortably. Throughout PM the day, the space could turn into a working space, warung, and laundromat. Locals can rent the space within a certain timeframe and therefore, the programs can always change. 139
site analysis framework site RW-3: Luar Batang V Street No. 51
13.5m
10m
135m²
Luar B
atang V
Street Habi b Hu sein M osque
Luar Batang V Street
1
N 0
site plan
scenario 3.0
5
10 m
se
b Hu
vehicle & pedestrian access 1
N 0
isometric view
5
Habi
sque in Mo
Area framework 3.0 site (135m²)
10 m
The proposed third framework is just a minute walk from the famous Habib Husein Mosque and adjacent to an accommodation, residential, and a grocery shop. With the development plans involving the Mosque, the proposed framework can further revitalise the kampung area as a tourism spot and promote the socio-economic aspect of the kampung. 141
accommodation with open rooftop space
currently under demolition residential
existing condition half storey due to the continuous street repavement from flooding existing building material bricks (plastered and painterd) > wood structure (painted) > corrugated metal sheet
scenario 3.0
Strength Near tourism spot - Habib Husein Mosque. Weakness There is an existing accommodation nearby and therefore, it is not ideal to create more accommodation space adjacent to an existing one. Opportunities - Using existing structure as a part of the history. - Connection with the accommodation nearby - Ideal site for business. Threat - Gentrification.
SWOT
143
proposed design concept diagram skylight
form response to the surrounding context
sun & daylight access
programs
economy
warung/ kiosk
shared laundry
workshop
social
public gathering
shared kitchen
communal workspace
wellbeing scenario 3.0
residential accommodation
quiet nook
communal workspace
skylight
semi-public semi-private
public
semi-public private spatial organisation
connection between rooftops
building fenestrations: visibility, daylight, and air ventilation 145
materiality
scenario 3.0
pavement: recycled red bricks staircase: red brick and wood panel a communication with the neighbourhood facade, while also playing with the idea of half-storey height from the existing floor height condition.
brick tiles awning when opened, it acts as a dining table and awning. when closed, it creates a camouflage effect along with the brickwall.
frosted glass allow light penetration into the warung underneath while maintaining privacy inside the warung’s back of house.
grid structure highlighting the verticality and the increasing density as a reflection towards the surrounding neighbourhood.
roof extension connection with the neighbouring accommodation to collaborate and function as a community. exposed wood rafters gives a sense of a continuation and transition. 147
Legend:
1. Indomie kiosk (warmindo) 2. Kitchen 3. Living room 4. Bathroom/ laundry 5. Tetty & Ahmad’s bedroom 6. Receptionist/ cafe 7. Meeting room 8. Balcony 9. Single bedroom unit 10. Multi-purpose rooftop area 11. Existing accommodation scenario 3.0
Section Isometric B-B | Scale 1:100 1
0
2
5
m 149
scenario 3.0
N Scale 1:100 1 0
2
5
m 151
scenario 3.0
N Scale 1:100 1 0
2
5
m 153
Luar Batang V Street No. 51 Scale 1:100 scenario 3.0
1 0
Section Isometric B-B 2
5
m
External Render 155
scenario 3.0
Physical Model
157
158
Model Making - scale 1:200 (from left to right) Framework 01 -02 -03 Site Model: - 3D Print PLA (Cool Grey) - White Corrugated Sheet Main Model - 3D Print PLA (White Matte) - Acrylic Hand-Painted Corrugated Sheet (Grey)
159
160
161
building fenestrations: visibility, daylight, and air ventilation
162
163
reflection
week 4 informal feedback reflection In week 4, I presented my preliminary research on topics related to remote working and kampung/village, then I came up with a site within Kampung Luar Batang in Jakarta. During the informal feedback session, I received a suggestion to find a reasoning behind why I have chosen the specific site for the framework. My response to this was “due to the fine grain of the urban fabric within the kampung, most of the programs are residential with mixed-use commercial activity such as warung/ kiosk, and kos/ accommodation.” Each street is similar in a way that it holds a certain historical and environmental value of the kampung and that was what makes Kampung Luar Batang differs to any other kampung in Jakarta. Therefore, I believe that the framework can be applied just anywhere within the site itself.
week 6 informal feedback reflection Moving on to week 6, I came up with the concept for my thesis proposal that was influenced a lot by the site context. Previously, I believed that the framework can be applied just anywhere within the site itself, however, after the weekly sessions with the supervisors, I am starting to believe that the framework should not be just like how it was. It should be different and groundbreaking. Through research, I managed to work out 3 different sites of the framework and as I presented my ideas, I received very constructive feedback in terms of how I could potentially create something distinct about each of the framework sites, more than just looking at the context and create different scenarios for each of them. I agreed that the project could be richer if I create a kit of parts that allow the locals to choose whether they want to develop their building with or without the help of the government, however, I do not think this framework is about the connection between buildings, but rather a connection with the surrounding context and people.
week 9 informal feedback reflection The feedback that I received for sketch design presentation was mainly on the pragmatics of the building and how it could be refined further. Since we had guest crits attending our presentation, I guess I realised the difficulty in introducing a culture to people that has never heard of my project. I guess this is something that I should think about for the final presentation and how to deliver that within the seven minutes. One of the aspect that differs from how we see a contemporary mixeduse building is the spatial organisation going from public to private, not private to public - in this case where external circulation is needed to connect the public into the upper shared areas. I guess in contemporary living, it is not so ideal considering the pragmatics side of it. By applying existing spatial organisation into the framework, it further results in the lack of lighting in the ground floor for the owners. In the coming week, I would like to investigate on how to mitigate this issue that derives from the dense urban setting. In terms of the design aspect, I received a critical feedback on how I could utilise the facade and make it more beneficial for the inhabitants.
final reflection It’s finally over ... From week 9 onwards, I feel like the time just flies so quickly and I realised that my design proposal has changed a lot since the last time I presented it in class. Throughout this period, I spent a lot of time figuring out how the design would work in all three sites. In week 9, I came up with a design that I was happy about, however, I realised that there were a lot of problems with it and it was impossible to implement the design on the other sites. Week by week, I would bring up a new proposal to class and all of them were just not working. I decided to slow down and take a step back. And in week 12, I finally came up with an “actual design” (it was close, I know). I only had a week to figure out everything, including feedback from my supervisors - and I finally solved the problem. Although there is always room for improvement, I know that I do not have the luxury to explore it further down and at this point, I believe that I just had to believe in myself, be strategic and spend my time wisely for the final presentation. It has been a long ride for me, however, if I have time in the future, I would like to go back and do the rest of the things I have not been able to do.
170
appendix
171
sketch/ concept design This chapter is dedicated to the design explorations that have been unable to make it to the final presentation. Though the current proposal and the design explorations were completely different, all these attempts have driven the current proposal to where it is now. These proposals were unsuccessful mainly due to the lack of adaptability across three sites upon the design development phase.
framework 01 submitted as part of Mid-Semester Conept Design Submission unrestricted view daylight from the South East
West residential
x
residential
surrounding context
market as a blending tool
scenario 1.0
South
North
form response
responding to surrounding context
massing studies
1. site boundary
2. extrude (max. 4 storeys)
3. push
4. Southern fenestrations
175
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an
pot
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Shared Communal Space Accommodations
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G
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Dwelling Extended Warung
exploded isometric
1 0
10 5
177
street interface
warung/ dwelling marketplace street
scenario 1.0
shared communal area for coworking/ warung activities
shared programs: 1 area = multiple functions
179
laundry area
flexible working/ warung space
scenario 1.0
rooftop space (urban farming)
181
scenario 1.0
183
scenario 1.0
185
isometric view
view from the street interface scenario 1.0
view through the facade 187
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framework 02 submitted as part of Sketch Design Submission
scenario 2.0
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framework 03 submitted as part of Sketch Design Submission
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North site context
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unrestricted view
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residential
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207
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list of figures Fig 1. N/A, Last Studio KBBQ Celebration Night, 2022. Fig 1. 1. Charensia Rompis, Pandemic Restriction Diagram, 2022. Fig 1. 2. Charensia Rompis, Lifestyle during the pandemic, 2022. Fig 1. 3. Charensia Rompis, Quarantine Strategy during Black Death, 2022. Fig 1. 4. Charensia Rompis, Rank of qualities during remote working/ studying, 2022. Fig 1. 5. Charensia Rompis, Advantages and disadvantages from remote working, 2022. Fig 1. 6. Charensia Rompis, Challenges faced during remote working, 2022. Fig 1. 7. Hami, A. E. and Sulistiobudi, R. E. , Remote working level of happiness, edited by Charensia Rompis, 2022. Fig 1. 8. Charensia Rompis, Activities undertaken during the PPKM/ restriction period, 2022. Fig 1. 9. Charensia Rompis, Reasons to go out during the pandemic, 2022. Fig 1. 10. Charensia Rompis, Psychological emotions during the PPKM/ restriction period, 2022. Fig 1. 11. Charensia Rompis, 3 Bed Fraser Place Apartment in Jakarta, 2022. Fig 1. 12. Charensia Rompis, Rumah Miring in Jakarta by BPA, 2015. Fig 1. 13. Charensia Rompis, Proyek Rumah Kost Benhil oleh Bral Architect di Bendungan Hilir Jakarta, 2015. Fig 1. 14. Charensia Rompis, Joglo House, 2018. Fig 1. 15. Charensia Rompis, Denpassar Residence in Jakarta, 2022. Fig 1. 16. Charensia Rompis, Dancing House in Salatiga by BPA, 2015. Fig 1. 17. Charensia Rompis, Illustration of a digital nomad, 2022. Fig 1. 18. Charensia Rompis, Factors influencing digital nomads, 2022. Fig 1. 19. Charensia Rompis, Best places for Digital Nomads, 2022. Fig 1. 20. Charensia Rompis, Analysis of co-working space in Hubud, 2022. Fig 1. 21. Charensia Rompis, Analysis of co-working & co-living space in Outpost, 2022. Fig 1. 22. Charensia Rompis, Map of Indonesia, 2022. Fig 1. 23. Charensia Rompis, Analysis of co-working space in Wellspaces, Jakarta, 2022. Fig 1. 24. Charensia Rompis, Illustration of a co:working space, 2022. Fig 1. 25. Charensia Rompis, Scenario of Rural vs Urban, 2022. Fig 1. 26. Charensia Rompis, Characteristics of Kampung, 2022. Fig 1. 27. Charensia Rompis, Surrounding Context of Kampung Luar Batang, 2022. Fig 1. 28. Heuken SJA, Tempat-tempat Bersejarah di Jakarta, 1997. Fig 1. 29. Indira Laksmi Subroto, The bridge to cross from the fish market, n.a. Fig 1. 30. Charensia Rompis, Activity Collage of Kampung Luar Batang, 2022. Fig 1. 31. Charensia Rompis, Aerial Plan, 2022. Fig 1. 32. Charensia Rompis, Research findings in Kampung Luar Batang, 2022. Fig 1. 33. Charensia Rompis, Typical housing arrangement in Kampung Luar Batang, 2022. Fig 1. 34. Google Maps, Virtual Site Visit, 2022. Fig 1. 35. Google Maps, Virtual Site Visit, 2022. Fig 1. 36. Indira Laksmi Subroto, Sketches of the Existing Traditional Houses in kampung Luar Batang, 2022. Fig 1. 37. Indira Laksmi Subroto, Various Plans of the Traditional Houses of the Betawi people, 2022. edited by Charensia Rompis, 2022. Fig 1. 38. Charensia Rompis, Demolition area in Fish Market (now kampung akuarium), 2022. Fig 1. 39. Daniel Caesar Pratama, the new vertical kampung Akuarium, 2021. Fig 1. 40. Charensia Rompis, Made in Tokyo Cover Page, 2022. Fig 1. 41. Charensia Rompis, Delirious New York Cover Page, 2022. Fig 1. 42. Charensia Rompis, analysis on Green School, Bali, 2022. Fig 1. 43. Charensia Rompis, analysis on Kampung Admiralty, Singapore, 2022.
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