Chao Wei
Curriculum Vitae
About
Chao Wei D.O.B.
1988.11.19
Contact:
chaowei.usc@gmail.com +1 (646) 725-9859 www.polytopian.com I am a graduate student of GSAPP at Columbia University, who has strong interests in architectural design, and all forms of implementation of design. I received my Bachelor of Architecture degree from University of Southern California, honored with the Raymond S. Kenedy Design Award. I am willing to dedicate my professional design and fabrication skills to all areas of design and architectural work.
MS. AAD 1-year
Columbia University, GSAPP
2014 - 2015
University of Southern California
2009 - 2013
Studio works published in academic publications.
Post-professional Degree
B. Arch 5-year
Studio works selected for yearly school exhibition “Expo”.
Professional Degree
Honor
Raymond S. Kenedy Award
Recognized for an outstanding fifth year degree project that represents creative innovations in the presentation of architectural problems.
Dean’s Honor
May 2013
2007-2009
Obtained for three semesters in East Los Angeles College.
Exhibition
Never built: Los Angeles
Digital fabrication models exhibited at A+D Museum in Los Angeles.
New Spaceship - Gunpowder Drawing Collaborated with Cai GuoQiang Studio at Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles.
Activity
Jul 2013
Mar 2012
Associate AIA
2010-Present
LEED Green Associate Candidate
2010-Present
East Coast League Committee Board
2014-Present
Active member since 2010, who is working towards architectural licensure.
General member of United States Green Building Council.
Organize symposiums, lectures, and exhibitions at top architectural schools in East Coast. Compile thesis papers for publication Exposition.
About
UNStudio Shanghai
1-year Traineeship
Curriculum Vitae
Raffles City Hangzhou
2013 - 2014
Facade Design Development
Prepared facade design development documents. Coordinated with client, engineers, and suppliers. Investigated facade system and materials. Reviewed facade construction drawings.
Interior Design Development
Managed interior material selection, documentation, and coordination. Reviewed and certified contractor’s tender reports.
Other Traineeship Work Presented design proposal to client (Wilmar Shanghai). Built physical model by digital tools and handcraft.
HHD_FUN Beijing Summer Internship
Tianshui Center, Qingdao Expo
May-Aug 2012
Construction Document Phase
Prepared constructional documentations related to landscape and facade system.
UP Light Pavilion Conducted the entire installation design and fabrication process. Project published on Designboom and Dezeen.
Finsler Table and Fashion Show Designed JNBY fashion show and reception desk.
Workbase Design
Rhinoceros and Grasshopper Revit and Dynamo
Graphics
AutoCAD VRay and MentalRay Adobe Illustrator / Photoshop / InDesign / Premier
Fabrication
Digital Fabrication (CNC/3DPrint)
Language
English
Maya physical simulation Python and Processing
Interactive Prototyping
Mandarin Chinese visit personal website at polytopian.com
Chao Wei Work collection from 2010-2015 within 4 categories: • • • •
Design Research Professional work Fabrication work
Ms.AAD, GSAPP 2015 B.Arch, USC 2013
ACADEMIC WORK IN COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY
Design
In路Flux
Dumbo Aquatic Center
In路Flux 2014 June - August Instructor: Phu Hoang (M O D U) Studio T.A: Sean Kim Design Team: Chao Wei Dongjoo Kim
Air, the void organized by the architectural boundaries, is a continuous medium that defines the quality of space and our experience in it through our senses. Relative humidity reacting with the various scents from both organic and inorganic materials and matters within the space result in distinctive air qualities which are indicative of program, connectivity to the street (neighborhood), level of privacy and comfort level. Our aquatic center, Influx, is an architectural landscape which investigates the role of boundary, beyond its conventional use for spatial and programmatic organization, and redefines its form and function through systematic explorations of the tectonic and material composition. The continuity inherent in the form and organization of the building allows the users to fluidly experience the space through its landscape of influx between urban and local, interior and exterior, private and public, and definitive and generative.
1
In·Flux
2
Design
Surface Temperature Fluctuation
temperature differentiation
68.2
77.6
72.2
79.5
80.2
79.4
79.7
72.4
80.3
81.3
81.5
72.4
80.2
81.7
70.3
70.7
71.7
72.6
77.6
76.1
80.2
80.2
80.2
79.6
82
80.2
79.6
80.3
79.4
80.9
81.4
82.1
70.6
71.4
73.7
74.5
72.5
68.7
77.7
76.4
81.2
82.5
82.2
77.5
79.4
78.5
79.4
74.8
81.4
82.5
79.3
78.2
78.5
78.9
72.2 72.2
69.3 69.1
77.8 77.8
78.4 78.2
81.4 81.3
81 81
81.2 80.3
77.7 81.2
79.4 81.7
78.5 78.5
79.4 80.1
81.5 81.3
83.6 84.1
82.3 82.5
79.3 79.6
78.2 78.5
78.7 79.2
78.8 78.6
73.6
76.2
72.3
77.2
78.1
77.2
76.9
72.3
77.2
78.4
79.2
72.6
76.4
76.2
72.5
73.1
72.3
73.5
74.1
74.4
76.4
76.7
76.5
77.2
79.6
78.7
77.9
76.6
77.4
78.5
76.5
77.4
73
73.2
73.2
73.1
73.7
71.5
76.3
76
78.2
77.5
78.4
76.2
76.8
76.5
76.2
73
77.4
78.2
76.8
77.5
76.4
75.7
72.1 72.3
71.5 71.5
76.2 76.3
77.2 76.8
78.6 77.4
78.5 76
78.2 77.5
76 78.2
77.2 78.9
76 76
77.3 77.5
79.9 80.2
83.3 83.8
78.8 80.5
77.3 77.5
75.8 76.2
75.2 76.5
75.3 76.1
83.3
81.3
84.7
82.1
85.1
81.5
78.5
81.3
81.9
82.6
83.2
82.5
77.8
80.8
79.2
Surface Temperature at 4pm (79.3°F)
Surface Temperature at 8pm (76.2°F)
82.5
78.9
82.1
78.5
82.2
85
82.4
85.2
73.6
85.6
82
82
82
80.8
83.4
80.5
82.5
80.3
83.7
83.5
83.2
83.5
82.8
81.1
82.7
86.4
82.4
86.2
82.1
86.3
82
80.4
80.8
80.8
84.2
80.5
84.2
80.3
84.7
80.4
84.6
83
85.1
81.1
83.9
86.2 86.2
85 85
84.3 84.3
86 84.2
86.3 87.5
86 86
80.4 80.4
84.4 82.8
83.5 82.8
82.3 82.5
83.5 83.1
83.8 83.2
83.2 83.8
84.5 83.2
80.4 84.5
82.9 84.8
83 83
86.1 85.5
81.1 81.1
85.2 86.4
78.4
77.3
78.9
75.8
78.7
76.5
78
78.6
77.5
77.6
77.9
78
77.4
77.8
77.1
78.3
77.3
77.9
77.2
78.3
76.8
75.3
80
73.2
78.5
77.9
78
79.3
77.4
78.8
77.6
77.8
78.1
78
76.5
78.3
76.2
77.8
77.2
78
78.5
75.3
80.3
79.8
81
78.4
77.9
77.7
77.7
78.1
77.5
78.2
78.4
78
79
78.1
76.2
78.8
77.3
77.9
76.4 76.4
80.4 80
79.9 79.8
81.2 80.1
80.3 81.2
79.8 80
78.5 78.3
79.4 78.9
78.8 78.9
78.2 78.5
77.8 79
77.6 79.1
78.8 79.5
78.1 78.9
78.9 79
78.1 79
77.9 76.2
78.8 78
76.8 76.8
76.5 77.3 77.8
Design
185 ft
In路Flux
205 ft
higher tendency to exchange heat
3
4
In路Flux
Design
Relative Humidity Fluctuation One Main Street Condo
Jacque Torres Ice Cream
Program: Private residential Storefront Condition: Closed entry door with vestibule Air Quality Control: Air-conditioner Scents: Subtle air freshener
Program: Commercial, Confectionery Storefront Condition: Open storefront Air Quality Control: Air-conditioner, natural ventilation Scents: Fruits, sugar, chocolate
Outdoor
Indoor
Outdoor
Indoor
Temperature: 74F Relative Humidity: 79%
Temperature: 72F Relative Humidity: 64%
Temperature: 74F Relative Humidity: 79%
Temperature: 75F Relative Humidity: 80%
Outdoor
Indoor
Outdoor
Indoor
Temperature: 78F Relative Humidity: 56%
Temperature: 73F Relative Humidity: 43%
Temperature: 78F Relative Humidity: 56%
Temperature: 75F Relative Humidity: 64%
Absolute Pianos
Brooklyn Heights Promenade
Outdoor
Indoor
Outdoor
Indoor
Temperature: 74F Relative Humidity: 79%
Temperature: 74F Relative Humidity: 57%
Temperature: 74F
Temperature: 74F
Relative Humidity: 79%
Relative Humidity: 57%
Outdoor
Indoor
Outdoor
Indoor
Temperature: 78F
Temperature: 74F
Temperature: 78F
Temperature: 76F
Relative Humidity: 56%
Relative Humidity: 43%
Relative Humidity: 56%
Relative Humidity: 59%
Crossfit Dumbo
P.S. Bookshop
Outdoor
Indoor
Outdoor
Indoor
Temperature: 74F
Temperature: 74F
Temperature: 74F
Temperature: 74F
Relative Humidity: 79%
Relative Humidity: 57%
Relative Humidity: 79%
Relative Humidity: 57%
Outdoor
Indoor
Outdoor
Indoor
Temperature: 78F
Temperature: 76F
Temperature: 78F
Temperature: 76F
Relative Humidity: 56%
Relative Humidity: 50%
Relative Humidity: 56%
Relative Humidity: 61%
In·Flux
Design
5
Human Body Thermoregulation Thermoregulation
CORE TEMPERATURE 36-38°C
EVAPORATION evaporation rate is reversely proportional to relative humidity (RH), thus physically feel hotter in humid environment.
90% Evaporation
80% Radiation 60%
67%
41%
40%
RADIATION normally, only 4% of blood flows to the skin, under heat stress, 48% of blood flows to the skin.
33%
Evaporation
20%
Convection
CONVECTION
26%
23% 10%
6% 4%
25°C
30°C
1300 1.1°C
1.8°C
2.2°C
1.6°C
4.3°C
2.4°C
0.8°C
0.4°C
0.7°C
Convection Radiation
35°C
2.7°C
Air Temperature
∆T of 1m3 air
26°C
26°C 10.0 25°C 817 8.0
24°C 654 23°C
735
5.5
327
21°C
24°C
5.5
490
MET
236
204
2.3
20°C
110
Weight Lifting
Running Jogging
Vigorous Excercise
Showering
Resting
Calories consumed during specified excercise (in Cal) // 1kCal energy is approximately the amound of energy needed to raise 1kg of water by 1°C Metabolic equivalent, a physiological measure expressing the energy cost of physical activities and is defined as the ratio of metabolic rate (in MET, kCal/kg*h) 1.1°C
22°C
20°C
1.8
0.9
Moderate Bicycling Excercise in Place
23°C
21°C
3.5
2.9
Walking
25°C
7.0
531
22°C
Calories
Approxiamate temperature raise of 1m3 air per person according to the Calories consumption, asumming radiation is the major way of heat exchange
Material Study Exploring Continuous Surface Inversion
Swimming
In路Flux
6
Design
Program Atomization
Program Atomization
locat: 1.0 dist: 0.0 subdiv: 0.0 subdiv': 0.0 iterat: 12.0
locat: 2.0 dist: 13.0 subdiv: 0.353 subdiv': 0.647 iterat: 12.0
locat: 3.0 dist: 17.0 subdiv: 0.248 subdiv': 0.752 iterat: 12.0
locat: 4.0 dist: 25.0 subdiv: 0.15 subdiv': 0.85 iterat: 12.0
locat: 5.0 dist: 32.5 subdiv: 0.258 subdiv': 0.742 iterat: 12.0
locat: 6.0 dist: 38.0 subdiv: 0.04 subdiv': 0.96 iterat: 12.0
locat: 6.0 dist: 13.0 subdiv: 0.353 subdiv': 0.447 iterat: 6.0
locat: 5.0 dist: 17.0 subdiv: 0.248 subdiv': 0.602 iterat: 12.0
locat: 4.0 dist: 32.5 subdiv: 0.2 subdiv': 0.42 iterat: 12.0
locat: 3.0 dist: 32.5 subdiv: 0.2 subdiv': 0.65 iterat: 12.0
locat: 2.0 dist: 32.5 subdiv: 0.04 subdiv': 0.71 iterat: 12.0
locat: 1.0 dist: 38.0 subdiv: 0.04 subdiv': 0.81 iterat: 12.0
Structural Proposal
In路Flux
Design
Warm Cool Dry Humid
Warm Cool Dry Humid
Warm Cool Dry Humid
Warm Cool Dry Humid
Warm Cool Dry Humid
Warm Cool Dry Humid
Warm Cool Dry Humid
7
8
In路Flux Ground Floor Plan at 4m
Design
Design
In路Flux
9
10
In路Flux Second Floor Plan at 12m
Design
Design
In路Flux
11
In路Flux
12
Design
Boundary Condition Dictionary
A
Programmed Poles In between programs
A
A
Closed
Changing room
B
Changing room + shower
C
Changing room + Shower + toilet
Curtain Changing rooms
B
Open
closed
Poles + Sliding Glass Panels Outdoor/Indoor entry
Stairs + Seating Throughout building
Blinds Administration offices + Spinning room/Fitness Studios
Railing Poles Throughout building
Trees Ground floor Outdoor landscape
Grass + Bushes Ground floor Outdoor landscape + Roof terrace
In路Flux
Design
13
Programmed Pipe Dictionary
Metal as Conductor Metal as Conductor Ceramic as Resistor Ceramic as Resistor
Hot Water Cold Water
Hot Water Cold Water
Metal as Conductor Ceramic as Resistor
Hot Water Cold Water
Metal as Conductor Ceramic as Resistor
Hot Water Hot Water Cold Water Cold Water
Metal as Conductor Ceramic as Resistor
Heat Conductor /Resistor Cardio + Weights Hot Water Cold Water
Hot Water Cold Water Hot Water Cold Water
Metal as Conductor Ceramic as Resistor
Metal as Conductor Ceramic as Resistor
Hot Water Hot Water Cold Water Cold Water
Hot Water Hot Water Cold Water Cold Water
Metal as Conductor Ceramic as Resistor
Metal as Conductor Ceramic as Resistor
Steamer Pool + Changing room Hot Water Cold Water Hot Water Cold Water
Hot Water Hot Water Cold Water Cold Water
Shower Changing room
Electrical Bike Rack Throughout building Ground floor park
Hot Water Cold Water Hot Water Cold Water
Light Throughout building
Hot Water Cold Water
Metal as Conductor Ceramic as Resistor
Hot Water Cold Water
Divider Pole Railing In between programs Throughout building
Water Nozzle Water playground
Light Meeting rooms + Spinning room
14
In路Flux
Design
Design
Organization and Circulation
In路Flux
15
16
In路Flux
Design
Boundary Condition Dictionary
Aquatic Center Interior View
Design
Commune LINK
Speculating Models for Collective Urbanism
Commune LINK
2015 January - May Instructor: Laurie Hawkinson (SMH+U) Vishaan Chakrabarti (SHoP) Studio T.A: Leigha Dennis Dana Getman Architectural Design Team: Chao Wei Mengxing Wang Development Team: Pablo Ladron de Guevara Felipe Velasquez
Joint Studio in Architecture + Urbanism Transposition from New York to Barcelona.
Commune LINK is an Live/Work community providing vibrant environment for a good variation of tenants including entrepreneur, short-term and long-term residents, as well as hotel users. Living units are floating on top of a tripleheight story plinth. The plinth connected a convention market, a couple of incubator spaces, recreation program bar and service program bar. One program is supporting one another, which conveys the idea of commune-living. Flexible incubator spaces can fit from technology companies to artists. Art pieces and design products are directly exhibited into hotels rooms as showrooms, which encourage hotel users to experience the new products. Periodical designer’s conferences will be hold in the open-plan market place. Continuous circulation binds recreational programs, service programs together through 5 courtyards as node points. The internal circulation provides porosity from neighborhood scale to building scale. Extended sidewalk and forecourts provide joyful place to meet friends. Besides, formal and informal meetings can be held in the courtyards based on tenant needs. Buyers
Visitors
LIVING
MARKET gallery info center event space
hotel residences ext. stay
Residents Investors
Innovators
INCUBATOR
accelerator training investment
17
18
Commune LINK
Design
NYC
305
Area
39
8.4
Population
1.6
ML2
MILLION
16.5
HH/ACRE
24 Fabrication
New York City Block Enclosed Courtyard
New York City Block Enclosed Courtyard
BCN
Density Fabrication Spaces Program
Barcelona Manzana Enclosed Courtyard
Barcelona Manzana Enclosed Courtyard
ML2
MILLION
29.2
HH/ACRE
26 Incubator
Residential Zones on Plinth Semi-enclosed Fourecourt
Residential ZonesCourtyard on Plinth and Enclosed Semi-enclosed Forecourt and Enclosed Courtyard
Design 1000m
1000m
19 1000m
1000m
1000m
1000m
Commune LINK
1000m
N
Green open space Incubators with co-working space
Fabrication labs Existing hotels near the site
Metro path and Station Bike Lane
Financial Proposal for Site Development
BONDS (40%) € 83 MM
BANK (50%) € 104 MM PROJECT COST € 207 MM LAND LEASE 1% PROFIT+ € 300 K /Yr
DEVELOPER (10%) € 20MM
€16 M NET OPERATING INCOME
8.0%
CAP RATE
20
Commune LINK
Design
New York City - Midtown Manhattan
FAR = 18 69.8
33.6
140.7
29.9 23.0
244.1
35.1
45.9
16.7
25.3
24.5
22.2
20.8
22.4
22.6
30.2
61.7
31.5
22.8
18.2 61.4
22.7 7.715.2 15.1
18.6
61.3
61.3
17.9
17.9
61.3
18.3
29.8
61.3
39.5
139.7
30.9
73.3
243.8
30.1
243.8
N
Barcelona - Example
FAR = 4.6 113.9
14.0 19.8 14.2
13.9 19.8 14.2
14.0
24.2 12.0 24.3 8.27.97.912.2 24.2 37.0 23.2 12.713.5 14.6 13.6
113.6
30.8
20.1
42.8
113.7
40.1
24.5
19.9
15.0
29.6
113.6
44.6
20.2 12.412.2
19.9
31.5
13.3 24.4
114.1 unit: meter
19.9 114.6
17.5 19.9
31.0
113.5
23.6
14.4 19.8 14.2
114.0
20.0 17.7 18.0 11.7 18.4 10.48.67.47.1
35.8
N
113.4
17.1 9.49.3 14.9 9.1 20.4 11.9 21.9
117.1
20.0
113.5
14.2
113.8
Commune LINK
Design
21
Existing Site Situation - Preso Modelo
16.0m
38.0m
22.0m
Brooklyn Heights, New York
16.0m 33.0m
30.0m
30.0m
10.0m
30.0m 25.0m
Eixample, Barcelona
28.0m 25.0m
40.0m 20.0m
42.0m 20.0m
12.0m
22
Commune LINK
Brooklyn Bridge park Redhook Labor force South Brooklyn Industry City Prospect Park
Cultural Loop
Midterm Model for Brooklyn Site
Design
Brooklyn Navy Yard Barclays Center Brooklyn Museum Botanic Garden
Design
Commune LINK
23
Brooklyn, New York
N
Sectional Scheme and Scenarios
Short Section cut through the atrium
24
Commune LINK
Final Model for Barcelona Site
Design
Design
Commune LINK
25
Exiample, Barcelona
Bird’s Eye View Looking South
26
Commune LINK
N
Ground Floor Plan and Programs
Design
Design
Commune LINK
27
28
Commune LINK
Design
HOTEL
EXTENDED STAY
N
Typical Upper Floor Plan and Partnership
Design
Commune LINK
AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Master Lease BCN Housing Agency
75% of AMI 60% of Total Units 100% Occupancy
MARKET RATE APARTMENTS
29
30
Commune LINK
Design
Typical Unit Plan, Corridor as Common Area and Exhibition Space
Design
Commune LINK
31
Chelsea Hotel, “Burning up again“ - Julia Calfee
“If the manager somehow felt – he had this great sixth sense – that this person could do something, or if he liked them, then you were in that hotel. So that incredible pressure from the outside world, or judgment like, this guy is worthless because he’s not making any money, didn’t exist in the Chelsea Hotel.” - Julia Calfee
32
Commune LINK
Design
Rendering of a Typical Design Hotel Unit and its Corridor
Design
Commune LINK
33
34
Commune LINK
Design
Design
Commune LINK
35
36
Commune LINK
Design
Xavier â‚Ź30 membership
Partner up with furniture designers to start a brand.
Sam â‚Ź180
hotel
Tech student from Singapore. Tourism and networking.
Hotel guests, Creators, and Entrepreneurs
Design
Commune LINK
Thomas €300 hotel Partner at a tech venture capital from NYC.
o
Ramon & Ximena €90 extended stay €200 membership Live 2 hours away from BCN. Part of incubator program.
37
38
Commune LINK
Design
Lucia â‚Ź30 membership Find a 3D printer available for tomorrow.
Carmen â‚Ź30 membership Owns a fabrication shop. Looking to attract more clients.
Long-term Residents, Short-term Hotel Users
Design
Commune LINK
39
Jose & Ana â‚Ź1170 two-bedroom Young couple starting to teach at local high school, with 2-year old child.
Alberto â‚Ź750 one-bedroom Student at University of Bercelona, admitted to rent affordable house unit.
40
Commune LINK
Design
Street view from the North, looking at the expanded sidewalk, entrance of incubator, outdoor open space on the foreground, and affordable housing, daycare center on the background.
Design
Commune LINK
41
42
Commune LINK
Design
Interior view at the hotel lobby, looking at the market and exhibition information panels,partially the incubator, outdoor courtyard, and a few conference rooms above.
Design
Commune LINK
43
44
Commune LINK
Design
Brooklyn Site Living/ Working/ Fabricating Proposal
Barcelona Living/ Incubating /Marketing Proposal
Design
2015 January - April Instructor: Nanako Umemoto (Reiser + Umemoto)
Yokohama Redux
Yokohama Port Redux Yokohama Port came at a threshold moment when design concepts submitted to the jury: from typology to historicist post modernism, to neo–modernism, to deconstruction came up against proponents of fluent geometry, topology, single surface projects, and a host of emerging design models inspired by philosophical concepts of becoming (Deleuze), complexity theory, non-linear dynamics, etc. A wire structure model is developed through the study of casting vessels (voids). Then building tectonics start to emerge from the wire behavior. Programs are distributed in the vessels that is structurally supported by spatial truss systems.
29
Yokohama Redux
Design
Girder Section Morphology
7.5 8.0
7.5
7.0
15.0
[R/4]=0 R<2 L < 10
10.5
10.5
7.0
2.5
5.0
2.5 2.5
5.0
2.5 5.0 2.5
2.5
5.0
2.5
x = 0.2 x = 0.5
2.5
x = 0.2 x = 0.5
x = 0.5
10.0
7.5
7.5
15.0
35.0
10.0
50.0
[R/4]=2 6 < R < 10 30 < L < 50
[R/4]=3 10 < R < 14 50 < L < 70
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.
0
5.0
5. 0
[R/4]=1 2<R<6 10 < L < 30
5.0
4.9
5.0
0
5.
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0 5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0 0
5.
0
5.
5.
0
0
5. 5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0 5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
30
West Wing (Domestic)
Design
Yokohama Redux
Exploded Structure Axon
Skylight
Facade
Osanbashi Hall
C.I.Q
Elevator Core East Wing (International) Entrance
31
32
Yokohama Redux
Design
Program Organization and Circulation
Employee Circualtion Osanbashi Hall
Domestic Departure
Osanbashi Hall
C.I.Q Dropoff and Entry
Residents Circualtion International Departure
Section and Elevations
+40.50 +35.00 +30.00 +25.00 +20.00 +15.00 +10.00 +5.00 +0.00 -6.50
Longitudinal Section
SE Elevation
NW Elevation
Design
International Departure Employee Circualtion
Restaurants
Yokohama Redux
Dropoff and Entry
Residents Circualtion
Domestic Departure
Floor Plans
+22.00
+8.00
+3.00
-2.50
33
34
Yokohama Redux
Design
Techtonic Exploration Wire Model
Design
Yokohama Redux
35
36
Yokohama Redux
Design
Vessel Casting Study Plaster and Balloon Model_03
Techtonic Exploration Wire Model
Design
Yokohama Redux
37
38
Yokohama Redux
Design
Section of vessel also introduce a arm as port deck. Wires are stapled with joints.
The elasticity of piano wire resulted compression and tension.
All wires are fed into an ending piece.
PROFESSIONAL WORK AT UNSTUDIO
Professional Work
UNStudio
Mixed-Use Development
Raffles City Hangzhou 2013 - 2014 June UNStudio Traineeship Work Ben van Berkel, Astrid Piber, Hannes Pfau Facade design development Shuyan Chan, Markus van Aalderen, Shuojiong Zhang, and Anna von Roeder. Interior design development Garret Hwang, and Cristina Gimenez.
UNStudioâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mixed-use Raffles City development is located near the Qiantang River in Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejiang province, located 180 kilometres southwest of Shanghai. Raffles City Hangzhou will be CapitaLandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sixth Raffles City, following those in Singapore, Shanghai, Beijing, Chengdu and Bahrain. The project incorporates retail, offices, housing and hotel facilities and marks the site of a cultural landscape within the Quianjiang New Town Area.
39
40
UNStudio
Professional Work
Raffles City Hangzhou reaches a height of 60 stories, present views both to and from the Qiantang River and West Lake areas, with a total floor area of almost 400,000 square metres.
Podium Plan
UNStudio
41
28087
O1 W 04
21975
19775
Professional Work
T1L13 01 program office 270.5
T1L13 03 program office 103.5
T1L13 02 program office 109.0
200 150
14186
1100
1100
FR
O1 W 03
6150
6050
28940
568
200
6150
6050
1100
1840
fire shutter
150
O1 W 02
14186
hydrant box
O1 W 03
riser= 161.5mm, run=260mm total= 26 risers, 4200mm FF
O1 W 06
O1 W 03
3.8
03
1840
SL
T1L13 11 circ office 100.0
FR
O1 W 02
riser= 161.5mm, run=260mm total= 26 risers, 4200mm FF
T1L13 05 program office 304.4
5017
7220
200
O1 W 03
200
6150
7150
2275
200 6150
O1 W 05
06
03
O1 W 03
facade fire wall
T1L13 13 core office circ 20.8
O
O
7150
05
02
SH 01
+58.750 +58.600
T1L13 15 core office circ 57.6
accessible 4.4
fire staircase
1.1
O
O
01 women's 17.2
3.0
riser= 155.6mm, run=260mm total= 27 risers, 4200mm FF
04
01
SL airlock 10.6
hydrant box
1100
O
O
0.9
shaft size: 2800x2600
Fire Staircase
4701A
car size: 2150x1800 shaft size: 2800x2600
O1 W 08
hydrant car size: box 2150x1800
0.9
airlock 16.0
1.2
O1 W 07
SH 02
fire shutter
O1 W 06
O1 W 05
door position uneven floors
Office Lifts L1, L5, L7-16
O1 W 07
0.7
0.8
pantry 7.0
T1L13 12 program office 12.0
9.1
201
4.6
0.6
SA 01
0.8
0.7
160
4.6
O1 W 08
02
58446
0.9
SL
facade fire wall
car size: 2000x1700 shaft size: 2700x2600
Fire Staircase
AHU Room Size: 12300x5000 56.5
SA 02
T1L13 09 program office 246.3
T1L13 04 program office 316.2
O1 W 02
men's 19.9
airlock 10.5
O1 W 03
150
1100
T1L13 10 circ office 83.8
hydrant boxes
O1 W 03
1850
4701C O1 W 03
1830
O1 W 03
hydrant box
1100
200
7220
5020
O1 W 05
core
divison walls
O1 W 04
28085
334
core
divison walls
outline
4701B
19773
21973
outline
T1L13 06 program office 103.5
T1L13 07 program office 108.6
O1 W 05
T1L13 08 program office 270.9
334
12911
200
9113
13061
200
6350
8185
200
2800
7150
9660
200
4042
3100
150
11250
4100
334
1850
1601
16334
6901
7643
division walls
8691
core
68279
outline
T1 L13 Plan
T2L28 05 program hotel tower 47.4 T2L28 06 program hotel tower 45.4
8622
11222 1.6
1.6
05
5310
SL SL
5210 1100
T2L28 10 program hotel tower 44.8
1500
04
0.4
5210
1.7
car size: 2000x1500 shaft size: 2700x2300
1.2
3.8
1.6
airlock 12.2
Fire Staircase
900 4200
hydrant boxes
car size: 2150x1800 shaft size: 2800x2600
T2L28 16 program hotel tower 52.0
divison walls
T2L28 11 program hotel tower 52.3 15472
1.6
1.6
1.3
1.6
T2L28 13 program hotel tower 45.4
T2L28 15 program hotel tower 48.1
11222
T2L28 17 program hotel tower 47.8
200
fire retaining wall
T2L28 12 program hotel tower 47.3
8622
9388
FR
600
13766
6437
19435
4751
5852
6100
200
4800
3870
3350
50155
4800
200
7250
4800
200
3100
6300
200
7151
4349
16149
outline
divison walls
T2L28 14 program hotel tower 47.4
core
5420
1850 150
900
1.1
200
SL
er
1.6
2820 core
outline
6410
1.9
0.9
03
02 ST
car size: 2000x1500 shaft size: 2650x2600
2700
37063
01
laundry chute 1.3
0.8
200
0.2
6120
01
1700
T2L28 09 program hotel tower 44.8
0.3
0.5
ST
07 08 H
fire shutter
6410
3968
0.9
2800
Apartment Lifts L1 L52-57
fire shutt
T2L28 18 program hotel tower 67.1
BOH Hotel 12.6
0.3
0.8
Hotel Guest Lifts L26-50 car size: app1850x1300 shaft size: 5500x2800
FR
1.6
car size: 2000x1700 shaft size: 2800x2600
1.2
SL
riser= 156.5mm, run=280mm total= 23 risers, 3600mm FF
5.2
H
Liftoverrun and Machineroom 12820x2300x14650
06
1.9
Hotel Guest Lifts L27-50 car size: app1850x1300 shaft size: 5500x2800
H
6685
T2L28 19 voids 97.1
202
airlock 11.3
Fire Staircase
5.1
1.9
2300
H
05
fire shutter
3968 6410
+127.150 +127.100
2600
T2L28 21 core hotel tower circ 56.9
er
fire shutt
200
900
T2L28 01 program hotel tower 67.1
FR
6685
T2L28 08 program hotel tower 52.3
car size: 2000x1500 shaft size: 2700x2600
hydrant boxes
4200
T2L28 20 circ hotel tower 221.5
riser= 156.5mm, run=280mm total= 23 risers, 3600mm FF
1850
600
200
1.6
FR
1.1
25461
T2L28 07 program hotel tower 47.3
T2L28 04 program hotel tower 48.1
15472
1.3
1.6
150
900
9388
5420
2820
T2L28 03 program hotel tower 52.0
T2L28 02 program hotel tower 47.8
division walls
core
4349
outline
T2 L30 Plan
42
UNStudio
Elevation
Professional Work
UNStudio
Professional Work
technical floor
lmr + overrun 10900
43
technical floor
strata soho high apartments
ELV shaft
SE &PD shaft
strata soho high apartments
strata soho high
strata soho high apartments
strata soho high apartments
technical/refugee
CTL office
refuge area
strata soho low apartments
strata soho low apartments
ELV shaft
strata soho low
SE &PD shaft
lmr + overrun 14750
soho lobby
strata soho low apartments
strata soho low apartments
liftpit -2500fl
technical/refugee
technical floor/ shaft refuge area
service apartments
lmr
tech floor
overrun +7600
service apartments
corridor
serviced apartment
shaftcorridor
SVC aprt Lift 1 L18-L31
service apartments
dining
skylobby technical/refugee
liftpit 2200-fl
mep transfer floor technical floor/ refuge area
service apartments
shaft
gym
toilet
lmr+ overrun 10470
mep transfer floor technical floor/ refuge area
storage lmr + overrun 8350
office
unused
office
office corridor
office high
office corridor
unused office corridor
office corridor
unused office corridor
office corridor
office low
office corridor
unused
office corridor
office
toilet office corridor
office
refuge area
gas shaft
unused
chinese restaurant
apartment lift
main circulation
f&b
toilet
f&b
gas shaft
airlock
airlock
f&b
airlock
f&b
airlock
circulation
circulation
circulation gas shaft
gas shaft
Office Lift 1,2 L1, L5, L7-16
gas shaft
7.60m=
10KV switch room
service area
corridor
bike garage fan room
infrastructure
infrastructure
parking garage
1000
carparking
ramp
infrastructure
chiller room
airlock
circulation
airlock
circulation
show window main circulation
main circulation
high end shop circulation
Firefighter/ Service lift 2
P +0.00m
boilerroom fan room 200 -FF
circulation
airlock
main circulation
shop
shop
road
road
cooling water tank
road
7.6m= P 0.0m SOHO Aptm Shuttle 1 B3,B2,L1, L5, L33
road
f&b open kiosk
f&b
shop
airlock
Office Lift 3,4 L1, L5, L7-16
retail podium
liftpit -6250fl
liftpit -6250fl
f&b open kiosk
corridor
bike ramp
theatre garden
corridor
storage
service area
bike garage
cooling water make up room
parking garage
storage
liftpit liftpit -4350 fl -4350 fl
Section
24°
2000
logo/signage back wall: R-9.05 - gypsum; painted white
UNStudio
prefabricated gypsum panels; R-9.01 - 20mm gypsum; putty/paint gray
Professional Work
1200
44
10mm steel profile to separate materials
specialists
China Un
R-9.02 - 12mm artificial stone; gray
revision ----
dashed line of structural column behind cladding
ARUP Sh
24°
revision
partition walls between stalls
a gLichtR5 50
650
R2
Interior Design Development:
1200
---revision ----
66°
00
90°
---revision ----
400
baseboard: R-1.05 - gray ceramic tile
---revision ----
150
Basement Kiosk Design and Documentation
revision ----
---revision ----
04 elevation - column cladding 4804
1:20
disclaimer Do not scale document co dissemination result in liabil
see 4803
Ra
803
50
70
100
1350
detail (similar)
30mm steel tube substructure as required
01 5802 275
70
310
100
30mm steel tube substructure as required
baffled directional recessed potlight
baffled directional recessed potlight
edge gray paint (R-9.01)
edge gray paint (R-9.01)
edge gray paint (R-9.01)
950
baffled directional recessed potlight
800
800
950
310
150
30mm steel tube substructure as required
150
275
100
800
310
01 5802
950
70
150
275
detail
1350
0
1350
01 5802
detail
R550
R5
R55
detail
03 5801
1300
1850
column cladding: R-9.07 - 6mm white artificial stone
1850
detail
1500
3350
1300
3350 1850
3350
1300
client
seating inside kiosk
partition walls in between stalls
02 5801
detail
cash counter: R-9.03 - 12mm artificial stone; white
268 Xizang M 200001 Shan
partition walls between stalls
01 5801
architect
cash counter: R-9.03 - 12mm artificial stone; white
12mm Glass
Stadhouders P.O.Box 753 1070 AJ Ams The Netherla
space for show cases, etc. to be designed by tenant optional bench along kiosk front
625
100
625
100
project name
R-9.02 - 12mm artificial stone; gray
2008-14
30mm steel tube substructure as required
status
final file name
R4
LED rope light, baseboard: R-1.05 - gray ceramic tile
0
project numb
R-9.02 - 12mm artificial stone; gray
30mm steel tube substructure as required
R4
LED rope light, baseboard: R-1.05 - gray ceramic tile
550
30mm steel tube substructure as required
550
550
R-9.02 - 12mm artificial stone; gray
R40
Raffles Ci
1100
1100
gypsum back wall
1100
1100
100
4801-480
LED rope light, baseboard: R-1.05 - gray ceramic tile
0
drawing num
4804
title/descripti
03 section - seating area 4804
1:20
02 section - standard front
see 4803
4804
Retai
01 section - cash counter
see 4803
1:20
4804
see 4803
1:20
O:\2008-14 Raffles City
Facade Design Development:
Facade System 09 - Storefront Documentation 7101C
7101B
7101A notes
REVISION NR DATE
DESCRIPTION
001. 110731. Tower lobby cable system 002. 110731. Natural ventilation system 003. 110731. Showcases 004. 110731. Firerated fin
003
003
004
003
003
001
001
legend
+/-00 = P(+/-00) EXTERIOR FLOOR LEV B.O.C.+0.00 T.O.C.+0.00
CEILING HEIGHT TAG
F.F.L.+0.00 T.O.S.+0.00
INTERIOR FLOOR FINI WALL TYPE
00
FIRE SHUTTER FR
FIRE RATED WALL
F 00
FINISH TYPE
STRUCTURAL CONCR
CONCRETE BLOCK PA
UTILITY AREA FLOOR
GLASS PARTITION WA
TENANT DIVISION WA
STRUCTURAL SLABE ST-FLR -00
STAIR NUMBER
ST-CFLR -00
CINEMA STAIR NUMB
L - FLR -00
LIFT NUMBER
ESC- FLR -00
ESCALATOR NUMBER
R - FLR -00
BASEMENT VEHICULA
B - FLR -00
BRIDGE NUMBER
AC Room AHU Room AE AI SE KE TE ELE ELV PD CWP TE
AIR CONDITIONING EQ AIR HANDLING UNIT R AIR EXHAUST DUCT AIR INTAKE DUCT SMOKE EXHAUST DU KITCHEN EXHAUST D TOILET EXHAUST DUC ELECTRICAL SHAFT EXTRA LOW VOLTAGE PLUMBING & DRAINA CHILLED WATER PIPE TOILET EXHAUST DUC CLEAR GLASS PANEL INSULATED VISION G INSULATED ALUMINIU INSULATED GLASS PA INTEGRATED FIRE RA INSULATED ALUMINIU
G S F.G. I
4901L
typical shopfront type D
4901K
1:50
typical shopfront type C2 1:50
7100C
4901J
typical shopfront type C1 1:50
4901I
typical shopfront type B3 1:50
7100B
4901H
typical shopfront type B2 1:50
7100A
4901G
typical shopfront type B1 1:50
specialists
China United Engineering revision ----
date 07-03-11
podium a
ARUP Structure (Shangh revision ----
date 29-01-10
digital dra
ARUP MEP (Shanghai) revision ----
date 11-11-09
pd and b
ARUP Fire (Shanghai) revision ----
date 27-10-10
revised fi
Meinhardt Facade Techn revision ----
date 16-02-11
facade de
Davis Langdon & Seah C revision ----
date ----
----
MVA Hong Kong Limited revision ----
date ----
----
disclaimer Do not scale from drawing. All dime document contains copyrighted ma dissemination or duplication of any result in liability under applicable law
Raffles Cit 003
003
003
T1
client
268 Xizang Middle Road 200001 Shanghai architect
Stadhouderskade 113 P.O.Box 75381 1070 AJ Amsterdam The Netherlands
T +31 (0 F +31 (0 info@un www.uns
project name
Raffles City Hangzhou project number
2008-14 status
revision
final
G - 12/08/1
file name
4901.dwg drawing number
4901 title/description
Showcase ty 4901F
typical shopfront type A6 1:50
4901E
typical shopfront type A5 1:50
4901D
typical shopfront type A4 1:50
4901C
typical shopfront type A3 1:50
4901B
typical shopfront type A2 1:50
4901A
typical shopfront type A1 1:50
O:\2008-14 Raffles City Hangzhou\Design Develo
UNStudio
Professional Work Central Void
350
430
1700
1470 150
5250
3550
002
001
main circulation
f&b
1450
5250
FOR CENTRAL VOID PANELING SEE DWG 4515-4517
1 5540 central void railing
main circulation
main circulation
shop
5250
1450
5250
1700
L06
1470
150 80
1400
001
1400
shop
+34850 = P(+27250)
002
FOR CENTRAL VOID COLUMN SCHEDULES SEE DWG 4811-4824
3550
3550
5250
1700
L07
1470
150 80
+40100 = P(+32500)
1400
main circulation
cinema
1400
3550
5600
350 80
+45700 = P(+38100)
L08
3550
3550
002
5550 central void escalator
main circulation 001
1450
1700
central void railing
shop
1400
main circulation
main circulation
shop
main circulation
shop
main circulation
shop
3550
1700 5250
3550
5250
1470
L04
1450
150 80
+24350 = P(+16750)
1400
5250
FOR CENTRAL VOID ESCALATOR SCHEDULES SEE DWG 4550-4552
5541
3550
3550
5250
1470
150 80
L05
shop
1400
main circulation
shop
+29600 = P(+22000)
main circulation shop
3550
5250
1700 3550
5250
1470
150 80
+19100 = P(+11500)
L03
main circulation shop
45
UNStudio
46
Professional Work
5736C
28 mm insulated vision glass unit (8mm low E+12 mm air gap+8mm)
3mm coloured & anodized folded aluminum fin supported by SHS 100 x 100 x 5 (see finish schedule for color details & see facade consultants dwgs for details)
Finished floor
L27
800
DATUM POINT (FF-80) TO SET CURTAIN WALL UNITS
2mm spray painted steel sheet shadow box with 100mm insulation fire rated assembly
4850
28 mm insulated vision glass unit (8mm low E+12 mm air gap+8mm) 3mm coloured & anodized folded aluminum fin supported by SHS 100 x 100 x 5 (see finish schedule for color details & see facade consultants dwgs for details) Push out operable glass panel (see facade consultants dwg for details)
5650
5620
Clear ceiling height (FF -800)
5736A
Finished floor
L26
clear height / ceiling package structural floor to floor finished floor to finished floor
DATUM POINT (FF-80) TO SET CURTAIN WALL UNITS
hotel f&b
+113.65
steel encased concrete column with fire resistent intumescent paint
524 80
432
1003 105
882
1000 105
914
502
80
410
1009 105
898
1000
105
909
481 80
393
908
14mm laminated safety glass railing with stainless steel side clips fixed to mullions 3mm coloured & anodized folded aluminum fin supported by SHS 100 x 100 x 5 (see finish schedule for color details & see facade consultants dwgs for details) 28 mm insulated vision glass unit (8mm low E+12 mm air gap+8mm) floor slab edge offset 300mm behind outside facade of curtainwall unit
5736D
5736C
473
1000
1015 105
105
907
80
381
105
UNStudio
Professional Work
896
hotel skylobby
96
14mm laminated safety glass railing with stainless steel side clips fixed to mullions 220 mm deep colored & anodized aluminum transom (see facade consultants dwgs for details)
L27
150
80
Finished floor
800
250
top mounted structural steel anchor plates welded to auxiliary steel anchor bolts embedded in structural slab (see facade consultants dwgs for details) 2mm spray painted steel sheet shadow box with 100mm insulation fire rated assembly 220 mm deep colored & anodized aluminum transom (see facade consultants dwgs for details) 2 layers of gypsum board with 100/150mm insulation for fire rated assembly suspended ceiling system (see finish schedule typ.)
5650
4850
5620
10
Clear ceiling height (FF -800)
5736B
hotel f&b
Finished floor
L26
150 50
20
14mm laminated safety glass railing with stainless steel side clips fixed to mullions 220 mm deep colored & anodized aluminum transom (see facade consultants dwgs for details)
900
coloured & anodized aluminum curtain wall system (see finish schedule for color details & see facade consultants dwgs for details)
DATUM POINT (FF-80) TO SET CURTAIN WALL UNITS
28 mm insulated vision glass unit (8mm low E+12 mm air gap+8mm)
technical floor
coloured & anodized aluminum curtain wall system
5736C
laundry chute
clear height / ceiling package structural floor to floor finished floor to finished floor
top mounted structural steel anchor plates welded to auxiliary steel anchor bolts embedded in structural slab (see facade consultants dwgs for details) 60 x 120 mm colored anodized aluminum transom (see facade consultants dwgs for details)
47
48
UNStudio
Professional Work
Unfolded T1 LF South Face A - middle
Professional Work North
UNStudio
T02 face "B"
(LANDSCAPE FACADE NORTH FACE) 01 28
Tower 02 T02
T01 face "B"
(LANDSCAPE FACADE NORTH FACE) 28
01
01
28
West
Tower 01 T01
T02 face "A"
(LANDSCAPE FACADE SOUTH FACE)
28 01
T01 face "A"
(LANDSCAPE FACADE SOUTH FACE)
LANDSCAPE FACADE GLAZING 1 - L - A - 24 - 05
TOWER Tower 01 =1 Tower 02=2
FACADE TYPE Landscape=L
TOWER FACE South =face A North =face B
FLOOR LEVEL
South
PANEL NUMBER Depending on Direction
SOHO APARTMENT
MEP/TECH
MEP/TECH
SERVICE APARTMENT
MEP/TECH REFUGEE
OFFICE
RETAIL PODIUM
Axo Overview T1LF South Face A - middle
East
49
UNStudio
Professional Work STAGE 1
STAGE 2
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN / FEASIBILITY STUDY
SCHEMATIC DESIGN CD 50%
ANALYSE
CD 100%
STAGE 3
DESIGN DEVELO
SD 50%
VISION
SD 100%
DD 30%
CONCEPT AND PRINCIPLE
DESIGN PROGRESS /
visualization studies
layout setup
information collecting
scenarios analysis
high level conceptual responses
layout studies
presentation booklet
refinement of spatial concept
contractual setup memorandum of understanding setup
architectural concept development testing alternatives program definition
material studies visualization studies
FINAL REVIEW WORKSHOP
information mapping
INTERIM REVIEW WORKSHOP
developing of spatial concept
FINAL REVIEW WORKSHOP
definition of massing
PREVIEW MEETING
definition of vision STAGE KICK OFF WORKSHOP
brief review
testing aesthetic approaches material studies full visualization
INTERIM REVIEW WORKSHOP
PROJECT MOBILIZATION
INTERIM REVIEW WORKSHOP
50
DESIGN / CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
PERMISSION DWG SUBMISSION 方案报批
OFFICIAL MILESTONE
MASTER PLAN APPROVAL
MASTER PLAN REVIEW AND PERMISSION
2 WK
40% CD FEE
CONTRACT / PAYMENT
40% SD FEE
40% DD FEE
40% CD FEE
40% SD FEE
40% DD FEE
20% CD FEE
20% SD FEE
STAGE 3
STAGE 4
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTATION
STAGE 5
0%
DD 30%
DD 60%
STAGE 6
CONSTRUCTION ADMINISTRATION
POST SERVICE
DD 100%
DESIGN PROGRESS / AESTHETICS
DETAIL / SPECIFICATION
AESTHETIC SUPERVISION
MAINTANENCE / ADAPTATION
technical coordination
- Review for design intent
- Review for design intent
- Review for design intent
sample / material review
technical advice (Maintenance)
refinement of spatial concept
technical incorporation
- Quality check
- Quality check
- Quality check
aesthetic supervision
adaptation for operation
- Technical advice
- Technical advice
- Technical advice
facade / ID / architecture major mock-up review
defects inspection / adaptation
testing aesthetic approaches material studies full visualization
INTERIM REVIEW WORKSHOP
layout setup
review CD issue 1
review CD issue 2
review CD issue 3
TENDER tender preparation
tender issue
tender query ( multiple time )
- Superstructure, Facade,etc.
CONSTRUCTION COMPLETED
CONSTRUCTION ADMINISTRATION (OPTIONAL) tender awarded
review shop drawing from contractors (Facade / ID) review geometry / massing (Structure)
- Feedbacks on tender query
- Site coordination / Assistence
- Attending tender interview.
- Clarification of RFI for design intent
- Advise on tenderers
- Value engineering / Optimization
(for design intents)
- Resident architect provision - Site supervision
TENDER (OPTIONAL) - Material / aesthetics advice
40% DD FEE
AMENDMENTS (MULTIPLE TIME)
EXPERT BOARD MEETING
DD SUBMISSION (FIRE / FACADE)
BUILDING PERMIT ISSUED
- Tender mock-up / sample review
100% CA FEE
40% CD FEE 40% DD FEE
40% CD FEE 20% DD FEE
20% CD FEE
UNStudio Workflow Hotel Atrium _ Original Design
R: 600 LOFT R: 600
135 mm
R: 600 R: 600
Facade Design Development:
Geometry optimization, aesthetic supervision. interlocking situation: Lofting two fillet curves to form a tilted surface
CONJUNCTIVE RESEARCH STUDIES
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Architecture As Societal Function System: An Approach of Swarm Intelligence Research Project 2013 Instructor: Kristine Mun
A research topic goes along my studies from University of Southern California and Columbia University. Research topic was developed prior to and in conjunctive with visual and technical studies.
Abstract Architecture’s societal role is an everlasting topic that has been studied over time. With the evolution of science and engineer, architecture’s societal role is effected and adapting to the new age. This research paper will discuss architecture should fit into current and future society as a communicative system, from an approach of the application of evolutionary intelligent agent within adaptive design processes. The discussion includes two parts, theoretical exploration and research. Architecture’s societal function is the encouragement of communication, where Niklas Luhman’s social system theory provides a fundamental understanding for society and system. The research part starts with the observation of the intelligent agents’ social behavior models. Then it further investigates their influence on the relationship between generative design and human being’s social behaviors. With the above study and discussion as basis, this research paper offers one possible alternative utilizing the self-organizing potential of swarm intelligence, in terms of the negotiation between a complex set of desires and parameters in the emergence of architecture. Specifically, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Ant Colony
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Optimization (ACO) will be introduced and compared as examples. The goal is to explore the method of synthesizing localized interactive agents to the fulfillment of the role of architecture as a societal functional system during the design process.
Annotated Outline 1. Hypothesis - Modernism architectural design can be read as a linear process, which could be predetermined by the users, due to its rationality and rigidity. Architecture in the age of network should utilize the communication function.
1.1 Le Corbusier’s Radiant City and the applied zoning theory is rational, top-down, and predetermined design strategy. Jane Jacob critiques the orthodox city planning theory of being lack of intricate mutual support. 1.2 Sheltering is the last societal function of architecture, and yet great architecture should encourage communication for and with the context. “Contexting” is a way of complexity reduction through pre-programming and focusing the attention of the participants in a communicative interaction. 2. Theoretical Research - The relationship between system and subsystem determines the function, whereas the relationship between each respective subsystem determines the service that a system performs. 2.1 The shift of the modes of societal differentiation. German sociologist Niklas Luhmann analyzed three primary mode of societal differentiation during the development of societies. The archaic society was based on segmentation, a central-peripheral mode of differentiation. Then stratification becomes the primary manner of the societal differentiation for the majority societal periods before modernization. Functional differentiation marks the transition toward modernity. 2.2 Patrik Schumacher’s comparative matrix of Societal Function Systems. (Architecture, science, economy, morality) 3. Analytical Solution - Complexity theory suggests adaptive and generative system to serve the communicative situation. Architecture design methodology must involve an indeterminate, open-ended, bottom-up design process to fulfill architecture as a communication system.
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3.1 Indetermination and uncertainty should be part of the design product, because communicative situation is indeterminable. Indetermination allows the emergent of function systems in temporal dimension. 3.2 Volatile interaction between one service and the encompassing system is a responsive, bottom-up design process, i.e. performance based architecture design is generative and adaptive, which is now being studied by architects for the analysis optimization of structure. 4. Swarm and Social Behavior Modeling Research 4.1 Social psychology explains human behavior as result of the interaction of mental states and immediate social situations. Interestingly, social comparison takes place very frequently in our social life when we make decisions, or want to evaluate something, even self-evaluate. The theory explains how individuals evaluate their own opinions and abilities by comparing themselves to others in order to reduce uncertainty in these domains, and learn how to define the self. (Daily live, Internet) 4.2 Cognitive anthropology is concerned with what people from different groups know, and how that implicit knowledge changes the way people perceive and relate to the world around them. Herd mentality is defined as the way people are influenced by their peers to adopt certain behaviors, follow trends, and/or purchase items. (Stock market) 4.3 Swarm Intelligence is a well-established artificial intelligence study simulating the collective behavior of decentralized, self-organized system. Agent – “ intelligent agent (IA) is an autonomous entity which observes through sensors and acts upon an environment using actuators and directs its activity towards achieving goals. Intelligent agents may also learn or use knowledge to achieve their goals.” 4.4 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) 5. Summary - The societal function of new architecture is to encourage communication with and within its context. Through the study of social behaviors, Swarm Intelligence proves a great potential for adaptive design approach to the fulfillment of architecture as a societal function system.
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Hypothesis Born in the late 80s, I always keep my childhood memory in Hutong as a drive to find adventurous and intricate spaces, where many unknown things would take place. I remember climbing the telegraph poles that slanted by the brick walls to get up to the roof and catapult the streetlights. I also remember the parapet which I rode a bike and flew over. Many years later, I will never climb the poles again, nor take risk to fly over a meaningless pedestrian parapet. And yet, I can feel deeply about what these random things in my experience has left to me. Beijing has now transformed completely into an “international” mega city, where high-rise office buildings crowds in central business district. With the modernistic developments, Hutong is broadened out and become avenue; family houses are demolished and replaced by 6-floor apartments. Life condition has Indeed improved, but the occupants are less tied to the building. In Jane Jacobs’ words, “middle-income housing projects which are truly marvels of dullness and regimentation sealed against any buoyancy or vitality of city life” (Jacobs 1961). In Le Corbusier’s Zoning theory, he marked out the center of a city should be for commerce, and that residential areas should surrounds it. Contrarily, Jane Jacobs critiques the orthodox city planning theory of being lack of intricate mutual support. Although New York City is planed rigidly with grid, each district involves great diversity of societal function systems. The New York City planning didn’t limit any territory with specific service, or zoning. And yet every region in New York has the possibility to admit every societal function system. It is because of the reduction of zoning, the grid of Manhattan created a complex societal status: residence, commerce, cultural, leisure, and many other systems share mutual support in the same community. In the domain of a city, the advantage of the complexity is the convenience of city life. One can easily find a supermarket, restaurant, library, cinema, and the subway within a ten-minute walking distance. In fact, the complexity of various societal function systems promotes the relationships of various human behaviors. I guess this is the secret of Manhattan to keep its vitality. Alike the zoning theory, in the domain of architecture, modernism design is a linear process, which could be predetermined by the users due to the rationality and rigidity. Architecture design is not to solve problems. Therefore, I daringly take a skeptical attitude to the modernism architecture design process, with regard to the fulfillment of architecture as societal function system. And sheltering is certainly the last function for
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architecture, because otherwise engineers are capable enough to take place. Then what is architecture’s societal function, or how should architecture fit into the society? With the evolution of science and engineer, architecture’s societal function is also effected and adapting to the new age. In my opinion, today’s world is a world of network, thus Architecture should encourage the communication for the context. Anthropologist Edward Hall recognizes contextualization as a way of complexity reduction via pre-programming and focusing the attention of participants in a communicative interaction (Hall 1976). Here, context for architecture design doesn’t only refer to geographic condition, whereas the communicative situation of users’ is even more relevant with respect to today’s architectural societal function. In fact, site contextualization design requires man-made manufacture process to be function as a meaningful communication system, whereas those architectures, who take its users as the context, deserve a second alternatives. In other words, the new architectures deserves a whole new design process that is not linear, in order to fit into the modern society as a communicative system.
Theoretical Research To understand architecture as societal function system, German sociologist Niklas Luhmann’s theory of society acts as the theoretical background. During the time of Aristotle, the encompassing social system was called the political society. The industrial development has dramatically changed that conception, which replaced political with economy and culture as the definitive character of society. Luhmann pointed out that every epoch has different mode of societal differentiation. And he analyzed three primary modes of societal differentiation during the development of societies (Luhmann 1982). The archaic society was based on segmentation, a central-peripheral mode of differentiation. Then stratification became the primary manner of the societal differentiation for the majority societal periods before modernization. It is functional differentiation that marks the transition toward modernity. He suggests using systems analysis to “disclose the structure and processes which characterize the social system”. Comparatively, architecture may be understood as a social system in the theoretical way. Therefore, in the post-industrial age, architecture is a societal function system. Importantly, all social systems are craving for meaningful communications. Luhmann stated, “Social systems use communication to constitute and interconnect the events
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(actions) which build up the systems…they exist only by reproducing the events which serve as components of the system” (Luhmann 1982). The relationship between system and subsystem determines function, whereas the relationship between each respective subsystem determines the services. Extrapolated from Luhmann’s theory, Patrik Schumacher analyzed a comparative matrix of Societal Function Systems (Schumacher 2011). According to him, “the autopoietic system of science within modern functionally differentiated society has taken up this societal function: to order and adapt society via the continuous provision of new knowledge; education system is to order and adapt society via the continuous, innovative organization of universal socialization; economic system is to order and adapt society via the continuous, innovative provision of normatively stabilized expectations, etc.” Similarly, the social role of architecture as a societal function system is to provide innovative communicative functions and services to the users.
Analytical Solution To maintain architecture’s role as a communication system, the architecture itself needs to be adaptive and organized in a decentralized way in order to serve the individuality of indeterminable communication situations. Embryological house is a conceptual work by Gregg Lynn, in 1997-2001. One of the most important concepts of Embryological house is to “extend the interplay of “generic” and ”variation” implied in this rethinking to notions of product “branding” and the satisfaction of individual desire through consumer-specific, unique versions of the product” (Lynn 2001). Complexity theory suggests adaptive and generative system to serve the communicative situation, because communicative situation is indeterminable. And thus the design method should involve an indeterminate, openended, bottom-up design process. Indetermination and uncertainty need to perform as a
Figure 1 - theoretical model for architecture as a societal function system.
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character of the design product, which allows the design product to justify in the temporal dimension. In the field of artificial intelligence, complexity is defined by Melanie Mitchell as “large network of components with no central control and simple rules of operation give rise to complex collective behavior, sophisticated information processing, and adaption via learning or evolution” (Mitchell 2009). In order to fulfill the architecture’s societal function as communication system, the new architecture design process should be a non-linear, open-ended process with the goal of synthesizing the system with human behaviors. Rivka Oxman states, “architecture design shifts from pure modeling to the understanding of organizational principles and systems with a specific behavior” (Oxman 2007). Volatile interaction between one service and the encompassing system is a responsive, bottomup design process, i.e. the analysis and optimization of structure is a known generative and adaptive design process that has been studied by architect like Sawapan. In fact, performance-based design is generative and adaptive design process. It provides parametrical simulation, which can directly modify designs. Oxman explains, “in such approaches the desired performance can be activated as a performative mechanism to generate and modify designs digitally” (Oxman 2007). The intelligent agents, which accord with the above discussion, need the self-organization growth character. And the solution derived from this process do not necessarily match conventional structural systems but gain performance by self-organization of its members. In all, architecture as a communication system acquires the self-organization and self-referential capabilities through the reflection of specific human being’s social behaviors.
Swarm Behavior Model Research The kernel of architecture as communication system is to answer the question, how people respond to the environment and associate to each other. Social psychology explains human behavior as result of the interaction of mental states and immediate social situations. The bottom-up design process should establish a tie relationship with social psychology. Interestingly, social comparison takes place very frequently in our social life when we make decisions, or want to evaluate something, even selfevaluate. The theory explains how individuals evaluate their own opinions and abilities by comparing themselves to others in order to reduce uncertainty in these domains, and learn how to define the self (Wikipedia). For example, we refer to other people’s
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Research Figure 2 – Greg Lynn’s Embryological house provides an early concept aiming at the satisfaction of each individuals. Figure 3 - Millipede is a Grasshopper™ component developed by Sawapan Architects, focusing on the analysis and optimization of structures. This performancebased design is a bottom-up process.
opinions when we decide which restaurant to go for dinner. This basic human social behavior involves swarm theory, and comparative to the ant colony intelligence. Ants leave pheromone when searching for food and optimize the walking path. View the ant and people who search for food as elementary agents of the whole system, the iteration occurs when massive quantity of agents repetitively perform the specific behavior, which in this case, searching for food. The very close similarity opens up the potential to use Swarm Intelligence as the bottom-up, nonlinear solution to encourage the architecture’s societal function as communication system. As in today, it is the intricate city life and network that results complex correlation in between people and other people. Cognitive anthropology is concerned with what people from different groups know, and how that implicit knowledge changes the way people perceive and relate to Figure 4 – Stock Market, image courtesy from National Geography, July 2007
the world around them. Herd mentality is defined as the way people are influenced by their peers to adopt certain
behaviors, follow trends, and/or purchase items (Wikipedia). Take the stock market as an example, traders swarm in the exchange floor, practices the same every day - fact-finding, independent study, and voting. Although each individual’s behavioral result is different due to their own information gathered, the whole stock market as the encompassing system usually fuses the fragments and follows the cohesive trend. Swarm Intelligence has been a well-established artificial intelligence study simulating the collective behavior of decentralized, self-organized system. Swarm Intelligence is first studied for many topics of natural phenomena, like global climate and neuro-science. The self-organizing potential serves as the basis logic for the emergent architecture, and allows the possibility of communicative situations. Through the iteration of multiple agents, the Swarm Intelligence performs a non-linear and bottom-up design process.
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Swarm Intelligence for architecture, as a societal function system doesn’t aims to solve problems, but to create indeterminable scenarios to fulfill the responsive communication function. In 2011, Nike+ established their interactive collective footmarks database installation for their users to visualize where they have run. This database is promising because it represented communicative interactions between the product and its users. It also helps us articulate the city
Figure 5 – Swarm simulation project by GSAPP students, advised by Roland Snooks, utilized multiple attractors and steering behavior, 2011
life and planning. This installation involved the Nike+ sensor underneath the running shoes, and involved their user as part of the communication system. This communication model showed a great paradigm for the utilization of Swarm Intelligence in the scope of Architecture. The Emergent Field is a conceptual design project done by Roland Snooks (Kokkugia) in 2003. The project utilized multiple Particle Swarm Optimization agents as the tool of the emergent of public space, who also advised successful public spaces are emerged, rather than prescribed. New design process understand emergence as the generation of spaces, through the iteration of multiple agents. Intelligent Agent is defined as “an autonomous entity, which observes through sensors and acts upon an environment using actuators and directs its activity towards achieving goals. Intelligent agents may also learn or use knowledge to achieve their goals” (Wikipedia). The action between individual agents serves as subsystem, where the achieved goal is the functional system. As mention before, Ant Colony Optimization and Particle Swarming Optimization both serves for the system of swarm behaviors, yet the action that take place between individual agents are different. And each action serves as the simple rule for the agent to operate. In Particle Swarm Optimization, the initial movement status as one sub-system decides its future behavior. Collision Avoidance or Attractors serves as another sub-system, which distribute simple rules to each agent. Comparatively, agents in Ant colony Optimization wander randomly, and keep giving feedbacks to each other, just like pheromone attractions. Through a population of agents and iteration, a pheromone path appears. The more agents participate, the stronger attraction it performs. On the contrary, the reduction of participants results the fading away of pheromone. As discussed, the relationship between system and subsystem determines the function, whereas the relationship between each respective subsystem
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Figure 6 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Emergent Field, Roland Snooks, 2003.
Figure 7 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Nike+ running interactive database developed by YYN. Image courtesy of http://yesyesno.com/nike-city-runs
determines the service. Specifically, the difference between Particle Swarm Intelligence and Ant Colony Intelligence is the relationship between each agents, or service. However, the function of the encompassing system remains the encouragement of communication between system and sub-system.
Summary In the future, the society will become an epoch of autonomous. The societal function of new architecture is to encourage responsive communication for people. Through the study of swarm behaviors, Swarm Intelligence sufficiently proves a great potential for adaptive design approach to fulfill the communicative role of architecture as a societal function system. The process of proving architecture as communication system is abstract, and involved many theoretical studies from exterior disciplines other than Architecture itself. The key concept that architecture as communication system includes the system theory, which explained the relationship between system and sub-system. Besides, the process also includes the theory of complexity, which almost performs as the methodology for the management of information. And the theory of complexity analytically indicates that new architecture design process should be bottom-up, indeterminable, and open-ended process.
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Annotated Bibliography Scholar References Jacobs, Jane, Introduction in “The Death and Life of Great American Cities,” 1961 Hall, Edward, chapter 6 context and environment in “Beyond Culture,” 1976 Luhmann, Niklas, “the World Society as a Social system,” in International Journal of General Systems Vol. 8, No. 1, 1982 Schumacher, Patrik, “The Autopoiesis of Architecture, Volume 1, A New Framework for Architecture,” Published by John Wiley & Sons, 2010
Lynn, Greg, description in his Personal Blog, 2002, < http://archives.docam.ca/ en/wp-content/GL/GL3ArchSig.html > Oxman, Rivka, 3.1.4 Performance Model in “Digital Architecture as a Challenge for Design Pedagogy: Theory, Knowledge, Models, and Medium”, 2007 Internet References Visual Complexity, Blog < http://www.visualcomplexity.com/vc/ > Roland Snooks, Kokkugia Wiki, < http://www.kokkugia.com/wiki/index.php5?title=ScriptLibrary > < http://www.kokkugia.com/wiki/index.php5?title=Swarm_intelligence_links > < www.kokkugia.com/wiki/index.php5?title=Swarm_intelligence_reading > Shiffman Daniel, Autonomous Steering Behaviors, Blog, < http://www.shiffman.net/teaching/nature/steering/ > Provost, Wallace, The World as a Social System < http://n4bz.org/gst/gst12.htm > National Geographic Swarm Theory, Peter Miller, July 2007, < http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2007/07/swarms/swarms-photography > Herd Mentality, Wikipedia < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herd_mentality > Intelligent Agent, Wikipedia < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent_agent#Structure_of_ agents >
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Simulation of Bone Growth
Ossification 2014 Fall EnCoded Matter Instructor: Ezio Blasetti Research Team: Chao Wei Nicole Mater Casey Worrell Wei Wen
Spongy bone remodels itself based on the changing external forces it is subjected to. The thin columns of bone are called tubercular, and bone marrow and blood vessels move through the porous cavities. The structure of this bone growth along its long axis is drawn using three separate script behaviors. Major bone columns are drawn from a start point using a simple agent script. The agent trails are then attracted to one another with a cohesion script. Secondary bone columns connect the agent trails to the perimeter and the other trails with a venation script.
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0.0 Behavior Research Spongy bone remodels itself based on the changing external forces it is subjected to. The thin columns of bones are called trabeculae, and bone marrow and blood vessels move through porous cavities. The structure of the bone growth along its axis are drawn using three separate script behaviors. Major bone columns are drawn to the start point using agent script. The agent trails are then attracted to one another with a cohesion script. Secondary bone columns connect the agent trails to the perimeter and the other trails with a venation script. Soft-bone porosity
Bone cross-section
Varying bone densities Bone behaviors
Venation
Circle packing
Agent growth
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0.1. Base Scripts
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- Agent Class
import rhinoscriptsyntax as rs class Attractor(): def __init__(self, POS, MAG): self.pos = POS self.mag = MAG print "made an attractor" class Agent(): def __init__(self, POS, VEC): #here we initiate the class by matching the inputs to variables in the class self.pos = POS self.vec = VEC self.id = rs.AddPoint(self.pos) self.trailPts = [] self.trailPts.append(POS) self.trailID = "" print "made an agent" def move(self): rs.MoveObject(self.id,self.vec) self.pos = rs.PointAdd(self.pos,self.vec) self.trailPts.append(self.pos) if self.trailID: rs.DeleteObject(self.trailID) self.trailID = rs.AddCurve(self.trailPts) def updateVec(self, attractors): #update the vec of the agent according to the s attractor sumVec = [0,0,0] #get the vector of attraction or repulsion from each attractor for attractor in attractors: attractionVec = rs.VectorCreate(attractor.pos,self. pos) #distance = rs.VectorLength(attractionVec) distance = rs.Distance(attractor.pos,self.pos) attractionVec = rs.VectorUnitize(attractionVec) attractionVec = rs.VectorScale(attractionVec, attractor.mag/distance) #add them together sumVec = rs.VectorAdd(sumVec,attractionVec) sumVec = rs.VectorScale(sumVec, 3/len(attractors)) #add the sum to your current vec self.vec = rs.VectorAdd(self.vec,sumVec)
def Main(): lines = rs.GetObjects("select a few linesâ&#x20AC;?, rs.filter.curve) myAgents = [] for line in lines: startPt = rs.CurveStartPoint(line) endPt = rs.CurveEndPoint(line) vec = rs.VectorCreate(endPt,startPt) myAgents.append( Agent(startPt,vec) ) #ask the user to select a bunch of points and make them attractors ptObjects = rs.GetObjects("select a few points to make attractors", rs.filter.point) myAttractors = [] for ptObj in ptObjects: coord = rs.PointCoordinates(ptObj) name = rs.ObjectName(ptObj)
if name : myAttractors.append( Attractor(coord, float(name))) else : myAttractors.append( Attractor(coord, 1) ) for i in range(100): rs.EnableRedraw(False) for myAgent in myAgents: myAgent.updateVec(myAttractors) myAgent.move() rs.EnableRedraw(True) Main()
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0.1. Base Scripts - Cohesion import rhinoscriptsyntax as rs import random def buildCrvs():
crvs = rs.GetObjects("pick curves to attract to each ", o rs.filter.curve) thres = rs.GetReal("type threhold for attaction", 8) scale = rs.GetReal("type the scale for attraction", 0.2 gens = rs.GetInteger("type how many iterations", 10) for i in range(gens): for j in range(len(crvs)): crv = crvs[j] rs.RebuildCurve(crv, 3, 30) copyofcrvslist = crvs[:] copyofcrvslist.pop(j) allotherpts = [] for othercrv in copyofcrvslist: othercrvpts = rs.CurvePoints(othercrv) allotherpts.extend(othercrvpts) rs.EnableObjectGrips(crv) locations = rs.ObjectGripLocations(crv) newlocations = [] for coord in locations: index = rs.PointArrayClosestPoint(allotherpts, coord) closestpt = allotherpts[index] dist = rs.Distance(coord, closestpt) if dist<thres: newlocations.append(coord) else: vec = rs.VectorCreate(closestpt, coord) vec = rs.VectorScale(vec, scale) newcoord = rs.PointAdd(coord, vec) newlocations.append(newcoord) rs.ObjectGripLocations(crv, newlocations) buildCrvs()
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0.1. Base Scripts - Venation import rhinoscriptsyntax as rs import scriptcontext as sc class food(): def __init__(self, MESH): self.id = MESH self.vtxs = rs.MeshVertices(self.id) def attract(self, myLeafPts): for vtx in self.vtxs: index = rs.PointArrayClosestPoint(allLeafPos, tx) v closestLeafPt = myLeafPts[index] dist = rs.Distance(vtx, closestLeafPt.pos) if dist>closestLeafPt.step: vec = rs.VectorCreate(vtx, closestLeafPt.po s) closestLeafPt.vec = rs.VectorAdd(closestLea fPt.vec, vec) else: if closestLeafPt.arrivedAt =="notyet": rs.AddLine(closestLeafPt.pos, vtx) closestLeafPt.arrivedAt = "yes" def avoid(self, myLeafPts): rs.EnableObjectGrips(self.id) newLocations = [] for vtx in self.vtxs: index = rs.PointArrayClosestPoint(allLeafPos, vtx) closestLeaftPt = myLeafPt[index] vec = rs.VectorCreate(vtx, closestLeafPt.pos) dist = rs.Distance(vtx, closestLeafPt.pos) if vec != [0,0,0]: vec = rs.VectorUnitize(vec) if dist > closestLeaftPt.step/3: #### vec = rs.VectorScale(vec, closestLeafPt.step/di st) vec = rs.VectorScale(vec, closestLeafPt.step/2 ### newLocation = rs.PointAdd(vtx, vec) newLocations.append(newLocation) rs.ObjectGripLocation(self.id, newLocations) allLeafPos = [] class LeafPt(): def __init__(self, POS, STEP): self.pos = POS allLeafPos.append(self.pos) self.step = STEP self.vec = [0,0,0] self.arrivedAt = "notyet" self.count = 0
def grow(self): if self.vec != [0,0,0]: self.vec = rs.VectorUnitize(self.vec) self.vec = rs.VectorScale(self.vec, self.step) newPos = rs.PointAdd(self.pos, self.vec) rs.AddLine(self.pos, newPos) newLeafPt = LeafPt(newPos, self.step) return newLeafPt def Main(): mesh = rs.GetObject("select mesh for venation diagram", rs.filter.mesh) ptObjs = rs.GetObjects("select points to start", point) rs.filter. step = rs.GetReal("type the step size for each point", 0.5) myFood = food(mesh) myLeafPts = []
for ptObj in ptObjs: coord = rs.PointCoordinates(ptObj) myLeafPt = LeafPt(coord, step) myLeafPts.append(myLeafPt) for i in range(50): myFood.attract(myLeafPts) newLeafPts = [] for myLeafPt in myLeafPts: newLeafPt = myLeafPt.grow() if newLeafPt != None: newLeafPts.append(newLeafPt) myLeafPt.vec = [0,0,0] myLeafPts.extend(newLeafPts) myLeafPts = myLeafPts + newLeafPts myFood.avoid(myLeafPts) Main()
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Bifurcation
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iteration = 500 al 1.2 sep 0.8 coh 0.6 att 0.2 rad 2
al 1.6 sep 0.8 coh 0.6 att 0.2 rad 2
al 1.2 sep 1.0 coh 0.6 att 0.2 rad 2
al 1.2 sep 1.2 coh 0.6 att 0.2 rad 2
al 1.2 sep 0.8 coh 1.0 att 0.2 rad 2
iteration = 400
iteration = 300
Ossification
iteration = 200
iteration = 100
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Intersection
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iteration = 500 al 1.2 sep 1.0 coh 0.6 att 0.4 rad 2
al 1.4 sep 1.0 coh 0.6 att 0.4 rad 2
al 1.6 sep 1.0 coh 0.6 att 0.4 rad 2
al 1.4 sep 1.2 coh 0.8 att 0.4 rad 2
al 1.4 sep 1.4 coh 0.8 att 0.4 rad 2
iteration = 400
iteration = 300
Ossification
iteration = 200
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iteration = 100
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Symphonic Particles
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Symphonic Particles
TSoF GSAPP 2014Fall
This short animation is made in Maya nDynamics. The topological form is a trace of dancing figure. Particles are emitted from the skeleton of dancers. And the particles decay in 5s in amount and color. And the animation is finished with HDR rendering.
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music
Foals - Stepson Ruff special thanks to
Professor Jose Sanchez
SoFT GSAPP 2014Fall
access animation
Symphonic Particles
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Resonant Strings
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Resonant Strings
SoFT GSAPP 2014Fall
This short animation is made with Maya Audiowave plugin. The topological form is responding to the amplitude and frequency of the music. Surface follows simple sin-curve movement. HDR Rendering with gradient material from red-black-blue visualize the movement of strings.
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music
the Gazette - Infuse Intro special thanks to
Professor Jose Sanchez
SoFT GSAPP 2014Fall
access animation
Resonant Strings
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72 Performative Structure
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Generative Pipeline:
Performative Structure 2015 Spring Approaching Convergence Instructor: Maider Llaguno Biayna Bogosian
The workflow is a pipeline that allows non-expert users to choose the most efficient structure and panelization solution to fabricate a shell pavilion. We analyze the deformation of the shell geometry under certain load by using karamba and kangaroo in order to understand its force distribution. We use Grasshopper and WeaverBird to finish the draft panelization by applying 3 types of grid systems to the shell. After that, we use a Bi-Directional Evolutionary Structure Optimization method to reduce the material from 30% to 70% to generate a solution pool. The most efficient solution could be chosen by comparing the shell force distribution and reduced panelization solutions. The most efficient solution of panelization will be materialized by using Weaverbird.
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Workflow Diagram
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Question: How to optimize a shell pavilion with the most efficient way of structure and panelization?
Description: The workflow is a pipeline that allows non-expert users to choose the most efficient structure and panelization solution to fabricate a shell pavilion. We analyze the deformation of the shell geometry under certain load by using karamba and kangaroo in order to understand its force distribution. We use Grasshopper and WeaverBird to finish the draft panelization by applying 3 types of grid systems to the shell. After that, we use a Bi-directional Evolutionary Structure Optimization method to reduce the material from 30% to 70% to generate a solution pool. The most efficient solution could be chosen by comparing the shell force distribution and reduced panelization solutions. The most efficient solution of panelization will be materialized by using Weaverbird.
How to optimize a shell pavilion with the most efficient structure and panelization? Kangroo vs Karamba
Karamba
Weavebird + Grasshopper
Kangaroo vs. Karamba
Karamba
Weaverbird + Lunchbox
Form Finding
Structure Analysis
Subdivision
Form Finding
Structure Anlysis
Subdivision
Form Finding
Bi-Directional Bi-Directional Evolutionary Structure Optimization Evolunationary Structure Optimization
Material Reduction Material Reduce
Weavebird
Weaverbird
Materialization Materialzation
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Structure Analysis and Deformation
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30% Reduction
Material Reduction
50% Reduction
Performative Structure
70% Reduction
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76 Performative Structure
Research
access animation
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
ACADEMIC WORK IN
Design
May(C)loud
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Interactive Soundscape 2013 January - May Instructor: Kristine Mun Studio T.A: Myles F. Siotto Sam Keville Physics Lab: Angella Johnson Special Thanks: Nicole Larkin Manuel Kretzer & Materiability Research Network
Received Best Graduate Project Award in 2013. Project published in eVolo 6: Digital And Parametric Architecture.
May(C)Loud May(C)Loud is an interactive soundscape, initiated by the sound of environment, interacts with the visitors, and learns from their response to generate the iterating process of interaction. Inspired by William Hogarthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s principles of beauty, the design took three aspects into consideration, Variety, Symmetry and Intricacy. All human senses delight in the beauty of variety, the composed dynamics. Drafted from the behavior of sound, a rhythmic series of geometry is presented to visualize the invisible sound. And in return the change of environment entertains the eye and ear with the pleasure of variety. Driven by the study of Electro-active Polymer (EAP), a new kind of intelligent material, the shape of leaf units follows the rule of symmetry. Meanwhile, a great sense of intricacy emerges from the integration of triangulation patterns and circle packing. In sum, its mobility and interactivity vitalizes a dynamic beauty.
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May(C)loud
Design
Full Scale Installation on Graduate Show
May(C)loud
Design
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Geometry Composition 90 120 60%
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68%
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62%
68% 68% 60
120
A single piano wire forms a petal shape.
Growth pattern of the radial geometries.
The petal rotates around its midpoint at 72°.
Applied packing logic to the current pattern.
Duplicates itself, and rotates along its fixed point.
Geometric relation between circle and triangles becomes the structure baseline.
For 3 points, rotate 120°; For 4 points, rotate 90°; For 5 points, rotate 72°; For 6 points, rotate 60°.
Layered different radial components into the framework in relate to different radius.
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May(C)loud
Design
Environmental Loop
Triggers microphones to pick up noise from the environment again
Equipments: 9x Micro-Servos (170 degree rotation) 5x Servos (continuous rotation) 1x Arduino Mega 2x Arduino Kits 2x USB Power Cords 6x Piezo Buzzers 6x Female Mono Jacks 4x Speakers 1x External Power
Microphones detect volume and frequency of noise from various locations
Learns from the reaction of the occupants: becomes louder or quieter in response to the change in volume of the environment
Internal Action Loop
Servos respond to noise and pull the Spinning Unit: Volume defines the amount of actuated servos; Frequency defines the speed
Spinning Units pull the strings that actuate the piano wire
Piano Wire Units vibrate and creat
Design
May(C)loud
Loud Burst shocks the occupants into silence
A certain decibel level and frequency is reached, Silence for 3 seconds
e
nge
Input Output
Piezo Sensors collect sound from the subtle vibration of the piano wires
nd create a new layer of sound
Cone Units actuate in response to the new layer of sound
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Design
About Adaptability and Generitivity [Adaptability – the procedure of making (something) suitable for a new use or purpose; modify; Biology, a change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment.] In the year of 1961, Peter Cook was 25 year old. In that year, with David Greene, Mike Webb, he created an independent architectural magazine, Archigram. Then Ron Herron, Warren Chalk, and Dennis Crompton joined their magazine from the second publication. Among them, many taught at the Architecture Associate, and always gathered to discussed their rebel ideas. They believed that the age of Bauhaus had ended, and they dedicated to invent new languages to create new architecture and city. The year of 1961 is the monumental year of human exploring the space. April 12th, Yuri Gagarin set himself into the 4.75-ton spaceship, the Vostok I, with the 90-kilogram spacesuit, and flied into the space for the first time in human history. He saw in his eyes, and marveled the earth “is surrounded by a light blue aureole”. Then on May 25th, president Kennedy announced the Apollo Moon Landing Program. This giant leap directly inspired a lot more ambitious imaginations about our future. Among those imaginative pioneers, few members of Archigram had started their fiction-like designs for new architecture and city. One of the most important philosophies of Archigram is to mobilize and adapt. “The Plug-in City” of Peter Cook in 1962 reflected their ambitions, and emphasized the idea of mobilization of architectures. Their philosophy discarded the traditional understanding that architectures are eternal and staple, whereas architectures can be freed from the detention of geology as well as the idea of “Ucalized”. Meanwhile, their philosophies faced the fact that architectures can be consuming products, and adapt themselves to the very different conditions and environments.
Design
May(C)loud
Full Scale Installation on Graduate Show
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Design
[Generitivity - characteristic of or relating to a class or group of things; a class of things that have common characteristics and that can be divided into subordinate kinds.]
Full Scale Installation on Graduate Show
If saying adaptability is somehow related to form-finding strategy and physical functions, then Generitivity is the most internal and basic principles. If one says adaptability is about physics and mechanics, then Generitivity is about algorithm, chemistry and biology. And yet the regrettable fact is that architecture is the least subject that applies new technologies into its research and practice, despite its long and noble history. In addition, it is always a challenge to make artificial nature, or analyze natural forms before the initial CAD developments were carried out in the 1960s. Today, the noble architecture as a subject is
certainly facing a seriousrevolution due to the thriving digital techniques. The Hylozoic Series by Philip Beesley and Rachel Armstrong is a series of geotextile installations containing hybrid researches from chemistry, biology, topology and mechanics. Among many interesting topics around the projects, the living succession is definitely the most fascinating part. As Rachel introduced, one of the initial ideas was â&#x20AC;&#x153;to explore how selfassembling chemical technologies such as programmable protocells could be used creatively â&#x20AC;Ś in order to tackle apparently the intractable environmental challengesâ&#x20AC;?(Beesley, 125). The subtlety of this idea is that protocells are able to move around at the interface between oil and water, sense their environment, and undergo complex behaviors that are observable to the viewers. Chells are artificial chemistry cells, which have inorganic membranes to operate the hygroscopic effect. Chells exhibit the characteristics of both container and metabolism during their self-assemblies. They become the vehicle through which a desired internal milieu interacts with the environment imbuing the whole system with additional living properties.
Design
Max/MSP Real-time Interactive Control
May(C)loud
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Design
Design
May(C)loud
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Expandable Material as Actuator Electroactive Polymers, or EAPs, are polymers that exhibit a change in size or shape when stimulated by an electric field. The most common applications of this type of material are in actuators and sensors. A typical characteristic property of an EAP is that they will undergo a large amount of deformation while sustaining large forces. [Source: Wikipedia] Among the electronic EAPs especially the dielectric elastomer are functional materials that have promising potential as muscle-like actuators due to their inherent compliance and good overall performance. The combination of large active deformations, high energy densities and fast response is unique to dielectric elastomer. The basic unit of dielectric elastomer actuators consists of a dielectric elastomer film (e.g. silicone or acrylic elastomer) sandwiched between two compliant electrodes. In this arrangement, the polymer acts as a dielectric in a compliant capacitor. When an electrical voltage is applied between the electrodes, an electrostatic field occurs and the electrostatic forces from the charges on the electrodes squeeze uniformly the (incompressible) elastomer film. As a result, the polymer material is enlarged elastically in the plane (Maxwell stress). As soon as the voltage is switched off and the electrodes are short-circuited the capacitor contracts back to its original shape. The observed response of the polymer film is caused primarily by 0.04â&#x20AC;? PETG Plastic Sheet the interaction between the electrostatic charges on the electrodes. Based on the 3x Stretched 3M VHB 4910 principle of operation of soft DE EAP, mainly two directions to perform work against external loads are possible: Thin Layer of Graphite Powder
â&#x20AC;˘ Work in planar directions (expanding actuator) â&#x20AC;˘ Work in thickness direction (contractive actuator)
Copper Tape on Opposite Side
Power Supply 1k-3k V DC With a Step-up Converter Electro-Active Polymer
El ex an ty ch un la EA m ac ov de is
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May(C)loud
Elastistic Behaviors
Design
May(C)loud
Design
Fabrication Components
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5"
4 7/8”
3 5/8”
4 7/8”
4 7/8”
R 3/16"
1/16” 1/8”
R 5/16" 3 3/4"
1/4”
R 1/8"
7/8”
R 1/4"
1/8” 1/16”
2 1/8”
1” 3 1/2”
3/16”
1”
1/4”
1 1/4”
1”
3/4”
1 1/8”
x4
5/8”
x 27
x5
6"
1/2”
4 1/2"
1/4”
x7
2 3/8”
1/4” 3/32” 1/32” 1/8”
5/32”
1/8”
3"
6 1/4"
1/16”
1"
1/8"
1/4”
1/8”
varies in length, corresponding to the circle’s radius
1/8"
5/8”1/8”
R 1/2" R 5/16"
x 119 x 43
R 1/4"
varies in size, corresponding to the circles’ circumference 1 3/4”
R 1 1/2"
R 1/4" R 1/4"
1/8”
x4
x9
x7
x6
7/8” 1/16”
1/8”
1/4”
x 21
1/8”
5/8”
1/16” 1 7/8” 2 7/8” 3 7/8” 4 7/8” 5 7/8” 6”
x 35
varies in diameter, varies in number of divisions (0, 3-6)
5”
4”
3”
1/8”
x3
1/4"
2”
x6 x6 x4 x2 R 1/4" R 1/4"
x 43
varies in size, corresponding to the intersection
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May(C)loud
Design
Elevation: Willow Leaf Unit Actuation Butterfly Unit Actuation Cloud Flower Unit Actuation
Butterfly Unit
Cloud Flower Unit
Leaf Unit
Unit actuation
Willow Leaf Unit Actuation Butterfly Unit Actuation Cloud Flower Unit Actuation 2
3
1
4
Design
May(C)loud
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Plan: 3/16” Thick Acrylic Frame Thin Acrylic Sheet Buttery Unit Tentacle-like Leaf Unit Piano Wire Flower Servo Arm and Platform
3/16” Thick Acrylic F Servo Arm and Plat Thin Acrylic Sheet Butterfly Piano Wire Fl Tentacle-like Leaf
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May(C)loud
Design
Design
FDHQ
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Los Angeles Fire Department Lifeguard Division Headquarter 2012 September - December Instructor: Doris Sung (D.O.S.U)
FDHQ Sitting on Dockweller beach, adjacent to the west of LAX, the FDHQ includes a major beach watch station, a beach vehicles and utility storage, as well as a meteorological record center. Noise, wind, solar radiance and temperature are the environmental issues that need to be taken into design consideration. Therefore, FDHQ utilized the following two passive sustainability design strategy: - Natural breeze from the ocean (west) are moderate and comfortable. Building mass is split up into a central courtyard, increased natural ventilation (Fluid Shape) - The solar radiation, cloud coverage, and temperature change dramatically on the beach. High heat mass building material is used on the south-east side (Material Integration)
stretch with constraints
bend and fillet
rotate and slide
shear according to local wind pattern
taper corners
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FDHQ
Design
Based on site analysis, design intent is to integrate aerodynamics with the building mass. Wind become an importation factor for meteorology center, and general ventilation purpose. A possible hang-gliding center will take advantage of western wind with a highest speed at 40-50km/h.
FDHQ
Design
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NEED OF WIND (VENTILATION) ACTIVE PASSIVE
Equipment Storage 400 ft2
Storage Room Facility Room 300 ft2 300 ft2
Beach Vehicle Storage 2000 ft 2
Bathroom/Locker room 1000 ft 2
Staff Restroom 450 ft2 Conference Room 800 ft2
Lobby 400 ft2
Record Centre 800 ft2
Watch Tower 300 ft2
Training Pool 1000 ft 2
0.5
0.8
Fitness Centre 700 ft2
0.4 0.5
0.5 0.6
0.8
0.8 0.9
0.9 1.0
Bonfire Place 2000 ft 2
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0.7
1.0
LIFEGUARD TRAINING CENTRE PROGRAM/WIND 6500 ft2 / INDOOR TRAININGS
Hang Gliding Path 4000 ft 2
0.6
Clinic Room 400 ft2
0.9
Bath 500 ft2
Public Pool 2000 ft 2
0.3
0.4
Conference Room 300 ft2
0.6
Rest Area 2000 ft 2
Public Restroom 1000 ft 2
Wind Tunnel 300 ft2
METEOROLOGY CENTRE PROGRAM/WIND 2950 ft2 / INDOOR ACTIVITIES
1.0
ADDITIONAL POSSIBLE PROGRAM/WIND 11500 ft2 / OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES
Clinic and Lifeguard Watch Station
Car Design
- Design inspiration for Structure and Aesthetics
Relax Area and Storage Vehical maintenance and Storage
Meteorological Research Center
Training Pool
Fitness Center Facility Room
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FDHQ
Design
Major structural form follows wind information. Topological change allows for public activities and institutional programs. Membrane-thin roof divides between interior and exterior, wraps the still structure.
Design
FDHQ
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FDHQ
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Design
Parametric-varied Facade System as Exhaust Component
elongated shape maximize air intake
Shark Fin
- Design inspiration for Exhaust Component
Design
FDHQ
A longer fin will allow more air intake. The fin component can be unfolded into a flat piece, to allow digital fabrication.
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FDHQ
Design
Design
FDHQ
AXONOMETRICAL WALL SECTION
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scale 1” = 4’ - 0
Design
A A
B B
FDHQ
B B
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A A
Longitudinal Section
LONGITUDINAL SECTION SECTION A A scale scale 1” 1” == 24’ 24’ -- 0” 0” LONGITUDINAL
Latitudinal Section
LATITUDINAL SECTION SECTION BB scale scale 1” 1” == 18’ 18’ -- 0” 0” LATITUDINAL
Design
FDHQ
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FDHQ
Design
1. Interior View to pool 2. Backyard and Amphitheater 3. Bird’s eye view west 4. Bird’s eye view east
Design
FDHQ
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FDHQ
1. Bird’s eye view west 2. Bird’s eye view east
Design
Design
Echo School
Musical Performance School 2010 September - December Instructor: Edward Woll
The Echo School The Echo School is a musical performance school, located on Glendale Blvd, close to Sunset blvd. It is programmed with a sculpture park and indoor gallery. Concerts and performance shows will be held every week. In order to attract more commercial attentions from the Sunset Blvd, the main entrance is set on the corner of the two major high ways. Material-wise, the performance hall is popularized with stone panels. The L-shape private practice rooms are warped with perforated metal panels to bring more energetic emotions into the space. Perforated skin can efficiently provide shading and ventilation, which will ensure the occupants with comfort. Truss system and braced frames are used behind the metal facade to provide structural support. The performance hall interior is finished with wood panels. The color of materials are corresponding to the surrounding site.
A - Public Corridor and Exhibition Area B - Musical and Dancing School C - Concert Hall C
d at gra
l e leve
e rad at g
A B
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Echo School
SITE PLAN
Site Plan
Design
Design
Exploded Structural Systems
FLAT ROOF
INTERIOR PLASTER WALL PERFORATED STEEL PANEL STEEL TRUSS SYSTEM (3 SUPPORTING AREA)
CONCRETE FLOOR AND WOOD FINISH
DOUBLE GLAZING
GREEN ROOF
INTERIOR PLASTER WALLS
STREET LEVEL CONCRETE FINISH GROUND
Echo School
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Echo School
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Design
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OPEN TO BELOW
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3rd FLOOR PLAN
1. Small practice room 2. Medium practice room 3. Large practice room 4. Extra large practice room 5. Skylight 6. Storage 7. Elevator
2nd FLOOR PLAN
1. Entrance lobby to performance hall, and sculpture park 2. Sculpture park 3. Interior gallery 4. Green roof gather area 5. Main performance hall 6. Courtyard cafe 7. Main entrance lobby 8. Drop-off and loading zone 9. Elevator
EAST ELEVATION
SECTION B-B
NORTH ELEVATION
SECTION C-C
Echo School
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F
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Design
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11. Backstage 12. Escalator 13. Elevator 14. Main performance hall 15. Courtyard cafe 16. Entrance lobby 17. Drop-off and loading zone 18. Parking entrance
1. Basement entrance to main performance hall 2. Restrooms 3. Escalator 4. Main performance hall 5. Backstage area 6. Storage 7. Mechanical room / HVAC 8. Parking 9. Elevator
WEST ELEVATION
SOUTH ELEVATION
A
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A A
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SECTION D-D
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BASEMENT FLOOR PLAN
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
1. Small practice room 2. Storage room 3. Mechanical room / HVAC 4. Reception 5. Office 6. Registration 7. Restroom 8. Green room 9. Skylight 10. Secondary performance hall
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SECTION E-E
Echo School
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Design
STONE PANEL 2’ STEEL BEAM CONCRETE SLAB CORAGATED METAL STUD INSOLLATION FIREPROOF PANEL CEMENT FINISH WOODEN BATTENS FOR SUBSTRUCTURE
CONCRETE PANEL
PLASTER BOARD
WOODEN FINISH
PERFORATED ALUMINIUM PANEL ACOUSTIC STUD 2’ STEEL BRACE FRAME
DOUBLE GLAZING
STEEL TRUSS
ELEVATED WOODEN FLOOR FLOOR STUDS
F - CORNER DETAIL / PRACTICE ROOM
G - CORNER DETAIL / PERFORMANCE HALL
F
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SECTION A-A THROUGH MAIN AND SECONDARY PERFORMANCE HALL
Design
Echo School
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View From Glendale Blvd 1: 50 Detail Section Model
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Echo School
Design 1:100 Final Model
EXHIBITION AND FRABRICATIONS
Fabrication
Skylots
A+D Museum Never Build: Los Angeles Exhibition
Skylots
Haralamb H. Georgesco, 1965 Haralamb H. Georgescu (1908â&#x20AC;&#x201C;1977), also known as Harlan Georgesco, was a twentieth century Romanian-American modernist architect. He had a 44-year career spanning time in both Romania and the United States before dying in California in 1977.
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Skylots
Fabrication
My task for this volunteer work was to carry out the original design of the Skylots, by Georgesco in 1965. The whole project was reviewed and re-designed through my interpretation. My task also included the preparation of fabrication files and parts. The whole model building process took more than 50 hours to complete.
Fabrication
Skylots
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HHD_FUN
Fabrication
Lighting installation 2012 May - August HHD_FUN Internship Work Zhenfei Wang, Luming Wang, Sisi Lv
UP Designed for the 2012 Beijing Di Tan lighting festival, Chinese studio HHD_FUN‘s ‘up’ installation provides a place of rest in our fast-paced active lives. Pairs of slender bamboo rods are anchored in a metal base, curving to meet adjacent posts at a single point from which a solitary light is hung. This creates a network of spatial vaults illuminated to offer a comfortable environment in which to sit and look around. 100 random points in a 20x20 m square. Distance to neibor point >1.2m
2.1m< Distance <3m
Other Points
Vortex for Convex Hull
Area * Parameter B Cantanery Chain
Fabrication
HHD_FUN
Project was published on web-media.
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HHD_FUN
Fabrication
Parameteric Control and Variation
: 89 : 25 : 47
: 78 : 20 : 39
: 69 : 21 : 43
: 69 : 21 : 44
: 77 : 21 : 34
: 92 : 27 : 45
: 61 : 17 : 33
: 65 : 18 : 39
: 65 : 18 : 38
:100 : 29 : 47
: 71 : 21 : 42
: 85 : 21 : 41
Fabrication
HHD_FUN
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Full scale installtion exhibited at Di Tan Park in Beijing.
HHD_FUN
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Fabrication
1119mm 1466mm 1747mm
5mm
5mm 50mm
1119mm
300mm
300mm
4691mm
5176mm 1119mm
700mm
1119mm
5mm
65mm
300mm
300mm
700mm
621mm
621mm
621mm
623mm 1820mm
2796mm
底盘 细节
Dimension DETAIL Layout OF BOTTOM PLATE
竹 细节 DETAIL OF BAMBOO
Fabrication
HHD_FUN
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Full scale installtion exhibited at Di Tan Park in Beijing.
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HHD_FUN
Fabrication
Reception desk for JNBY fashion show 2012 May - August HHD_FUN Internship Work Zhenfei Wang, Luming Wang
The Finsler Table In mathematics, particularly differential geometry, a Finsler manifold is a differentiable manifold together with the structure of an intrinsic quasi-metric space in which the length of any rectifiable curve. The generic set up of Finsler table involved two table tops and one stand. Other versions of Finsler table was developed by introducing more table tops but applying the same geometric rule.
Finsler Table 1.0
Finsler Table 2.0
Fabrication
HHD_FUN
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Physically fabricated Finsler table on JNBY show as reception table.
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