Portfolio Yuan Xiong
the University of Sheffield MA in Urban Design OCT 2015
RESILIENCE WITHIN the BORDER CONDITION Urban Design Project of Chung Ying Street the Border of Hong Kong & Shenzhen September 2015 12 weeks Type: Academic, individual
context Resilience is defined as ‘: the capacity of a system to absorb disturbance and reorganize while undergoing change so as to still remain essentially the same function, structure and feedbacks, and therefore identity, that is, the capacity to change in order to maintain the same identity’. According to resilience principles, Diversity, Modularity, Social Capital, Innovation, Overlap, Tight Feedback loops, Ecosystem Services, which can be related with the definition of "edge effect" in the ecological area. The site located in a special street Chung Ying Street, a complex border street between Shenzhen & Hong Kong. I have taken comprehensive research on economic, political and social-cultural aspect of the street, and provide develop strategies from the three aspect. Using design language and taking advantages from both side, a co-productive public space can encourage residents' inner communication to diverse the possiblities on the street.
Location of the border
China One of the most rapid developing Country in the world. The rapid urbanization in China leads a high economic development, but it also cause a sequence of problems like gentrification, social imbalance, and historical cultural fractures.
One Country Two System There would be only one China, Hong Kong and Macau have their autonomy, which are governed by the their local government, while the rest of China uses the socialist system.
CLOSED FRONTIER AREA The site is located in the Frontier Closed Area, which was established in 1955. It is a border zone area in Hong Kong extended inwards from the border with Shenzhen. For anyone to enter the area, a Closed Area Permit is required.
THE BORDER CONDITION
Hong Kong was a British colony with the perpetual cessionis, and returned
to China in 1997. It is the "One Country, Two Systems" Special Administrative Region of China. Hong Kong has strong university networks.
Chung Ying Street is on the border between Shenzhen and Hong Kong. Its adjacent areas are Sha Tau Kok Closed Frontier Area and Chung Ying Street Closed Frontier Area, which belong to Hong Kong and Shenzhen respectively.
Chung Ying Street A historical commercial street on the border between Hong Kong and Shenzhen
Shenzhen is the world design capital with active design industry, attracting
the world’s major electronics manufacturers. The young city owns young population, active volunteer oganizations and enthusiastic government.
To be the physical border as well as the demographic, territorial, economic, political, social, and legal borders, Chung Ying Street plays a special role in the evolution of urban development of Shenzhen, and it also witnesses the cultural and economic disparity and conflicts.
Facades mapping
CHUNG YING STREET hONG KONG side NO.28-NO.40
CHUNG YING STREET hONG KONG side NO.1-NO.27
the perspective of buildings on shenzhen side
THE inspection mapping
part of CHUNG YING STREET on shenzhen side
Historical eVOLUTION cOLLAGE
Challenges within ChUng Yin street
current economic condition
economic Resilience strategies
The development of Chung Ying Street relies on the single structure consumption economy. Visitors went to Chung Ying Street to purchase Tax Free Global Brands in 1990s, however Counterfeits occupied the market, because market management is difficult to proceed in both side due to of the political border issue. The business reputation of Chung Ying Street fell off the bottom. With the economic development and life standard improvement of Mainland China, less people are willing to go to Chung Ying Street.
current political condition Complex cross border certificate application and huge number of smuggler in the queue also increase the travelling time, and make the local residents’ life inconvenient.
political Resilience strategies
current social-cultural condition
social-cultural Resilience strategies
Top down urban planning and benefits first development makes the community and the street lifeless. Residents lives in the life between home and work or school. since it’s lack of common public space for residents from both side, it’s lack of communicating space for them.
economic Resilience net-workk
Indepent Artists
HK Arts School
Artists Group Designers
HK Planning, Environment and Lands Bureau SZ Market supervior Bureau
HK Frontier Area Police Office
HK Antiquities Advisory Board
Arts Institutions
HKCU School of Architecture
HKU Department of Architecture
SZU Architecture Faculty
Educational Institutions Local Authorities
SZ Volunteer Association
Chung Ying Street Volunteer Station
HK Volunteer Association
Community Groups HK Frontier Area Admin Bureau
HK Tranditional Preservation Association
Property Owners
Stakeholders
Craftmen
Renters Cultural Businessman
The value creation method of Chung Ying Street is lack of diverse industrial structure. Hong Kong has a strong arts & Design educational background and global platform, while Shenzhen as the world design capital has arts & Design industrial background and powerful potential consumers group. Meanwhile Shenzhen and Hong Kong both have mature cultural preservation and planning institution and active volunteer group. The Economic Strategies will base on local culture, invite design institutions and university in Hong Kong & Shenzhen to design and regenerate the underused listed historical buildings.
Residents
Develop new industries in the “dead buildings”, bring in individual designers and local craftsman, encourage the establishment of self-brand in culture & arts. Bring the missing part of Chung Ying Street’s industry chain—design and produce and the history and culture will be preserved simultaneously. Beyond that, connecting governments and authorities in Shenzhen & Hong Kong, establish a united market supervisor group, which has the right to inspect and manage stores from both side. And new Credit Rating System will be produced; in the meanwhile the right of consumers will be protected.
Political Resilience net-work
SOCIAL-CULTURAl Resilience net-work HK & SZ Planning, Environment and Lands Bureau
HK Food and Health HK Customs and HK Commerce and Bureau Excise Department Economic Development Bureau HK Frontier Area Police Office
HK Authorities
SZ Chung Ying Street Administrative Office
Exit & Entry Register Group
Festival Planning Group
HK Social Welfare Department
Common Space Administration
UNITED COMMUNITY AGENCY
SZ Entry-Exit Inspection & SZ Customs and Quarantine Bureau Excise Department Market & Quality Supervision Commission of Shenzhen Municipality
SZ Authorities HK Frontier Area Admin Bureau
SZ Frontier Inspections
HK Shan Tsui Public School
HK Sha Tau Kok Central Primary School
SZ Entry-Exit Inspection & Quarantine Bureau HK Home Affairs Department
Local Authorities
Cross Border Families Service Station
SZHK Cross Border pupils’ Parents Association
Cross Border Pupils Service Center
Cross Border Pupils
HK Volunteer Association
Community Groups SZ Haitao Primary School
Educational Institutions
SZ Volunteer Association Local Arts Group
Chung Ying Street Administrative Office
SZ Tianxin Primary School
SZ Tianxin Primary School
Artists & Designers
Land Owners
Builders
Stakeholders
Residents Teachers
Nearby Cross Border Pupils
Students
The Political Strategies need to connect authorities and governments from both side. Free to buy: normal purchase right, tax free stores in Shenzhen, Tax Free Festival; Bilateral commercial companies, “smuggling experience shop” Free to go: Accessibilities for registered residents. Easy to buy: Simply Cross Border Certificate; convenient the register procedure; Special Access for registered residents.
Available spaceS
The strategies are based on the leftover and underused spaces in the border area, take advantages from both sides: such as educational resource in HK, and cheap materials and labours in Hong Kong to build a co-productive public space.
CREATE OVERLAPS IN AVAILABLE TIME The author of resilience mentioned in his book, decentralized organic structures are beneficial to build resilience; meanwhile the social identity and spontaneous constructions and participations are vital to the building of resilience system. City is constructed by small size components, such as: communities, social network, innovators, and infrastructures. If we can apply this opinion from the aspect of urban design, it happen to hold the same view of “new urbanism”: Construct communities as independent unit; rise the proportion and level of public engagement and various kinds of social force in urban design and planning; return to traditional neighbourhood relationships.
PROPOSING TIME USING CURRENT TIME USING
RESILIENCE STRATEGIES MIC RESILIENCE STRATEGIES ECONO
The Frontier Greenland is used as the isolation belt in the border area, being empty and wasted in years. The isolated space is surrounded by iron fences to avoid people across to the other side. AL RESILIENCE STRATEGIES POLITIC
Redesign and transform the Greenland into a communicating public space, which is accessible for residents from both side.
the isolated GREENLAND
ES L-CULTURAL R ILIENCE STRATEGIES SOCIA
SITE CHOOSE THE ISOLATED GREENLAND
The Lane behind HK side of Chung Ying Street
Small underused lands along the Lane
The Inner road of the isolation area
the underused greenlands in the isolation area
fences condition analysis
A Fences with disorder cycle parking
B
E
C
C
B Fences with a lane oppsite to the back of building
B D
C B
C E
A
Fences with a lane facing the front of shops
Iron Fences HK Inspection The underused greenland is surrounded by the fences. People from HK can go through the land to Chung Ying Street, People from SZ are warned by the signs near Chung Ying Street, can not go into or through the land.
Warning Signs: This is the area of HONG KONG, you may be detained. If you access or stay in the area without legal permission. Commissioner of Police
D Fences inbetween the waste greenlands and passageway
E Fences facing the Vehicle Road
space design Concept
accessibility ANAlysis
Surround by fences A waste green land
HK residents can cross it SZ residents can not
A lane behind Chung Ying Street are accessable from both side
design concept
Redesign the wall on the west. Make it delightful and touchable
Ensure and improve the accessablity to the land
Open the fences near the lane on the east side. Transform it delightful, seatable, usefull
Coproduce and enrich the activities in the isolation grass land
fences design 1
the master plan
West Side Fences
2 The Current Situation
Squeeze for new facade & small greenlands
1
Increase the accessability
8 10 9 Adding entrance landmark
Possibility to go over the wall
The Proposing Wall
OPEN
A
SEATS TRANSFORMING
east Side Fences
BICYCLE COLLECTOR COMMNICATE PLATFORM TRANSFORMING TRANSFORMING
GATES TRANSFORMING
C
B
11 12
HALF OPEN
When various groups gather together, the sharing space can encourage the interaction and communication in the groups. People will find that they can share some any other things in the same time of space sharing, such as skill, time, culture etc.
KEEP CLOSE
fences design 2
C: Landscape Gate
SEATS
PERSPECTIVES
4
3
2
5
6 7
1. The Entrance of the Common Park 2. The Community Center 3. The Rotatable Seat-wall 4. The Co-productive Container Houses 5. The Border Seats 6. The Border Gate 7. The Communicating Platform 8. The Educational Space 9. The Coproductive Planting Area 10. The Overbridge 11. Wood path Along the Wall 12. The Bicycle Collector
A: The Rotatable Seat-Wall
B: The Communicating Platform
Transurbance in hulme Urban Design Research Project in the Hulme of Manchester Jan 2015 12 weeks Type: Academic, Group work, Updated Individually
context The Project" Hulme Transurbance" shows that how I use the methodology of “Transurbance” to analyse and solve the negative emotions existing in leftover spaces. In the project, I use “Transurbance” as the action guide, first walking along the ward boundary of Hulme Manchester, then produce a Transurbance map of all the leftover spaces I found. After the exploring and experiencing, I classified and graded the leftover spaces into five categories and related them with negative emotions. After find relationships in emotion and physcial problems and outdoor activities, I produced the solution in order to lift the quality of environment, bringing people out of buildings.
TRANSURBANCE mapping - Hulme Walking
Walked along the boundary of Hulme, focusing on those "Actual Territories" which are leftover and ignored by people.
In the Transurbance Map, "Actual Territories" are mapped in blue, and the using and good quality spaces are in Yellow. I collaged the images which were recorded in "Actual Territories", created a updated map with visual impression of leftover spaces.
Actual territories mapping Actual Territories Categories We divided "Actual Territories" into 5 groups: Restricted Access, Flourishing Wasteland, Infrastructure Scars, Cultural Abandonment and Owner Neglect Then I stamped these "actual territories" on our Transurbance map to illustrate these problems in the area.
RESTRICTED ACCESS
Fences
FLOURISHING WASTELAND
Access Barbedwire Wildlife
Overgrown Dogmess
INFRASTRUCTURE SCARES
Flyover
Viaducts
Noise
CULTURAL ABANDONMENT
Graffiti
Homeless
Litter
OWNER NEGLECT
Decay
Parking
Empty
pOMONA ISLAND + Cornbrook Metro Station
+ Gateway to Pomona
+ Hulme Junction Locks
History research Pomona island was a place for the public to escape the "Ill Air" of central Manchester.
1850
1920
2014
Pomona Palace was built on the grounds in 1868, which was the largest of it's kind in the country and could accommodate 30,000 people for dances, parties, large events and political rallies. By the 1880s the gardens were surrounded by factories and mills. A chemical explosion in 1887 at a neighbouring works damaged the Palace beyond repair.
A connection to the Bridgewater canal was built at Hulme Lock, up-river from the docks. This was extremely busy for many years with much cargo being discharged from the bigger vessels into barges for onward transmission via smaller canals. Pomona has existed in this limbo for 41 years, since the Docks closed.
In 1974 a nightclub was opened aboard a moored ship. Manchester’s first ship club included seven different bars, a dance floor and a restaurant. Later the same year the owners purchased an RAF aircraft, and parked it besides the ship to act as an overflow restaurant and dance floor. Landowners Peel Holdings have plans for a huge development of apartments on the Cornbrook side of the site.
Model analysis River & Canal Residencial buildings Tram line & Viaducts
Physical Problems in Hulme Junction locks Weak connection with water Huge boring Blocks Distance along the canal Unreachable and Waste Viaduct High speed
High speed
Site Section
+ Cornbrook Metro Station
+ Gateway to Pomona
Site Section
Too straight and long narrow path
Emotion Mapping Negative Level
Feeling unwelcome and as if you are trespassing Feeling trapped Feeling no respect or pride
Infr
Ab Cul an tu do ra nm l en t
Feeling unsafe due to physical hazards
hing urs Flo el and t Was
ast r Sca ucture re
Owner Neglect
Feeling anxious and unsafe at night Feeling anxious and unsafe during the day
ed ct s i r s st ce Re Ac
Abandoned areas produce people's negative emotions. These emotions also made less people are willing to enter these areas, and then the vicious circle completed. We classifcated and rated the negative emotions and find some relationships in those emotions and spaces. In my update work I draw a diagram to emphasize the linking between different “Actual Territories" and people's negative emotion.
related Conditions in Hulme Junction locks Outdoor Activities Analysis - Social activities won't happen in the place with poor environment quality I observed peoples' activities in the site several times at different time in different weather. 13:00-13:30PM, 25/11/2014(TUESDAY),CLOUDY 11:00-12:00PM, 13/12/2014(SATURDAY), SUNNY 10:00-11:10PM, 05/01/2015 (SUNDAY), WINDY The buildings in the site include a residential community- St.George’s Island, which has high-rise blocks apartments and a large number of residents. But there are less people are willing to get outside for outdoor activities even in the weekends afternoon in a good weather. Most of activities in the site are necessary activities- passing by. EFFECT
Outdoor Activities
PHYSICAL PROBLEMS
Necessay Activities
PRODUCE
NEGATIVE EMOTIONS
OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES
Optional Acitivities
Outdoor Activities
Social Activities
Environment Quality
Bad Quality of Environment Negative Emotion Level Some optional activities happened near the Bridgewater Basin and the inner canal, but since it is lack of stopping point-place to sit, stand and stay, the activities cannot last long and attract more activities.
QUALITY OF ENVIRONMENT
Negative Emotions
Condition's Relationship
emotion problem solution MAP
Unwelcome & Trespassing
No respect or Pride
Accessibility
Guides & Map
Signage
Local Landmark
Infrastructure
Green Space
Pleasure-boat
Since the environment quality can affect outdoor activities, when we renovate and improvement of physical environment, dealing with related negative emotions, and then the quality of environment can be lifted; people are willing to go out for outdoor activities.a
Tidy Environment
MAP
Feeling Trapped
Escape Route
OpenMAPSpace
Waterline Design
MAP
Physical Hazards Unsafety
Open the Fences
Safe Walkways
Navigating Wilderness
Anxious & Unsafe at night
Arches Lighting
Evening Occupancy
Night Events
Anxious & Unsafe during the day
Activities
Multi-function
Stoping Points
Walkway Lighting
Intervention - Guide Book
MAP MAP
The ignorance of Pomona Island also contributes to isolate the area. Through the research, we found the splendid history and the abundant flora and fauna in the waste land. By using the methodology of Transurbance, we organised the history and the local characteristics and made a booklet to record stories and memories in the place. There are brief introduction of histories, flora and fauna creatures of Pomona Island in the booklet. We hope the booklet can help to remain residents the hidden land and rise nearby residents’ awareness to use and build the area together.
Scenario 1: "Ground line" The linking arches under viaducts goes through the whole site and connecting city center to hulme. Solve the physical problems through the renovation under viaducts, and developing the space under viaducts into a walking and cycling path-"Groundline"- linking tidy green and leisure spaces, which can play a similar role like "the High Line" in New York.
High speed
Scenario 2: Mutifunction of viaducts
High speed
High speed
Most of the arches are waste or occupied by homeless people. The arches witnessed the vicissitude of Pomona Island and have distinct architectural characters. Develop spaces under viaduct in artistic way, such as temporary installation and construction; insert mulitifunction space into the viaducts to create a space with more possibilities.
Scenario 3: ACTIVATE THE INNER CANAL
High speed
High speed
The inner canal provides a good atmosphere of leisure and living environment, but the condition analysis shows the low utilization in the area. It is because of the lack of infrastructure and stopping point. Add stop points for residents; Leave some space for people to walk, stand and sit, reduce the speed of walking people, make more opportunities for people to communicate.
"sUBCULTURE" URBAN SPACE Urban Design Project about the Subcultural Space Based on the Comprehensive Research in the Devonshire Quarter of Sheffield May 2015 16 weeks Type: Academic, individual
context Various Vintage shops are one important feature in Devonshire Quarter of Sheffield. I produce a concept structure of vintage, and defined the subculture space and domain culture space in the general social context. I aslo suggested a co-production economic model to deal with the problem of gentrification and a sequence of space design. Through the regenerate and intervention, the area can be transferred to be a “subculture communal space�which encourages the communication and exchange of idea, skill, and time.
Site Analysis & Choose Functionality
Spatial
Safety
Natural
Spatial Potential
Political
Exsiting Uses
Enclosure
After the test of the methodology "Problem-Solution" in Dawan and "Transurbance" in Hulme, out studio come back to Sheffield, relating the findings back to specific parts of Sheffield-Devonshire Quarter.
Fundings
Economic
Gentrifcation Employment
Physical
Manmade
Scale Materiality History
Perception
Comfort
Emotional
People + Places
Social
Social Networks
Tactility
Safety Memories
Sensory Meso
Climatic Conditions
Consumtion
Social Structure Growing Populations
Shifting Economies
Micro Light
Ownership
User Demographics
Self-worth
Accessiblity
Stakeholders
Community
Globalisation
Global
Noise
Macro
Neoliberalism
STUDIO Methodlogy
ACTIVATORS IN PLACE
History Pattern
Pedestrian Flow Stopping People
Activitiy
g Welcomin s e g ta n Frou
on
Comparis
Listed Buildings
Cultural
Identity
ial
Commerc
l
Residentia
Offices Factories
This historical maps shows that the pattern of West street, Devonshire street and Division Street.Through our historical research we can find out the status of being the main streets of sheffield after years. How these street can keep alive?
Studendtation o Accomm paces
Leftover S
s
Using Place
Walking Route Walking
in Devonshire Quarter
Analysis
Function
ies
erritor
Actural T
Site Choose Through the analysis and comparison, I select to use the character from the positive street- Devonshire Street to active the negative space-Milton st. area.
SOCIAL ASPECT
vintage character in devONSHIRE stREET
+ Oxfam Bookshop 276 Glossop Rd
+ Rag Parade 162 Devonshire St
The Location of Second Hand Shops
+ Freshmans 6-8 Carver St
+ A new shop 25 Division St
+ Cow 156-160 West St
There are shire Quar
These sho
Pawn
Secon
Arts S
Vintag
There are 9 second-hand shops in Charit shire Quarter. These shops can be divided into 5
Pawnbrokers & Second-hand E
There are 9 second-hand shops in the site Devonshire Quarter.
Vintages and Second-hand shops in Devonshire Quarter Second-hand Books
There're 10 2hand shops in DQ.
These shops can be divided into 5 types:
Arts Store - Musics, Paintings a
Vintage shop Pawnbrokers & Second-hand Pawnbrokers & 2hand Electronics Electronics Vintage shop Charity shop Second-hand Books 2hand Books Charity shop Arts Store - Musics, Paintings and Book & Books Arts Store - Musics, Paintings
Vintage shop
Vintages and Second-hand shopsCharity in Devonshire Quarter shop
VINTAGE S HOP PIN G
3
Tra m
ING COMPAR ASIO SPEND N
ap
cli Cy
e ntag
tim st
e
M ale: 8
Fir
.2 %
GENDER
STA
TU
S
10 .2 <5 0% 00 m 5
1
m
.2
-
00
m
9%
10
4
0
0
9
-1 16
CAR
TRAM
9 60-6
50-59
40-49
OTHER
TRAVEL DISTANCE
People are willing to travel more than 3000m for a good event and space
<500 Meter
500-1000M
1000-3000M
>3000M
Out of Sheffield
50 PEOPLE IN LOULOU’S VINTAGE FAIR
AGE GROUPS
The main age group is youth people, but aging people is also a main purchase force
13-19
BUYING REASON
20-29
Eco-Friendly
Most buying reasons are unique and self identify.
30-39
Self-Identity
40-49
Cheap
50-59
Unique
60-69
>70
Other
CUSTOMER GROUP
CONSUMPTION MODE
Vintage<Normal
Normal brands are the main comsumption even in the vintage buyer group.
Vintage=Normal
Vintage>Normal
Spend
First time
<1/Month
1-3/Month
Frenquency
1/Week
>1/Week
4% .9 0m 46 00 >3
BUS
0m
WALK
6
%
CYCLE
0 -3 m
Most people come by car
0
1
TRANSPOTATION
.
8
Data analysis
00 10
30-3 9
20
-29
UP RO EG AG
ng
Walking
TATION NSPO TRA
< Vi
s Bu
Female: 91.8%
mal
one
k
Uniqu e Self-identity o-friendly Ec
tage
e Normal = Vintag
Nor
Car
/W ee
al > Vin
Y NC UE
tim es
Norm
e Ch r e Oth
During the survey of the site, I found a Vintage Fair - Lou Lou’s Vintage Fair was on hold in Sheffield. The Fair is a crowded and busy event, and people who get into the Fair are also the potential customs of vintage shops. So I gathered in the Fair to observe and interview customers and stall owners in the vintage fair and got 50 questionnaires.
FR EN Q >
e m
ti st Fir
ek We
Once / Wee k
+ Mooch Vintage 76 Division St.
More than
Vintages and Second-hand shops in Devonshire Quarter
+ The Mind Shop 106 Devonshire St.
e/
Lou Lou's Vintage Fair
+ Filibuster & Booth Ltd 158 Devonshire St.
1-3 / Month
+ Rare and Racy 164-166 Devonshire St.
tim <1
+ Cash Conventers 251-253 Glossop Rd
ECONOMIC ASPECT
Co-production in MILTON street In the regeneration process, I developed the mutual support economic model in Egerton lane, using the Co-production model to produce the communal spaces.
Making Profit Shops Studio Office rental rental rental Shared Commmunity Space Communication Space
Reheasal Workshops space
REHEARSAL SPACE Musicians, Dance Society, Drama, Other Performance
WORKSHOPS Designers, handcrafters, little master
Studios Jewellery Designers, Photoprapher, Artist, Fabric Designers, Hand crafter
Offices: Architects, Charity works, Coproduction Admin, Fashion Designers
Independent shops: Retro, Vintage, old records, cafes& restaurant, second-hand books, Charity Arts, Artworks
Communication Spaces: Classrooms, Meeting rooms
Physical Mapping of Milton STREET area
emotion Mapping in milton street area
SPATIAL ASPECT
Isolated Road Car Repairing Center Industrial Buildings Car Parks Empty Places Underused Listed Buildings
Traffic Flows Mapping in mILTON STREET area
Staying Person Automobile Pedestrian
subculture transformation principle Follow the resistance character of subculture, I try to transform the elements in building enrivonment into some unusual way. These transformations are also corresponding to the emotional solutions. Then I can use the principle to activate the urban space.
Closed Window
Open Bar Counter
Container
Adjunctive BayWindow
Huge Unwelcome Building
Attracting Showing Window
Roof
Balcony
Staircase
Sitable stair with Planting Bed
Flat Roof
Roof Garden
Electric substation
Outdoor Movie Background
Iron Fences
Sitable partition wall with planting beds
Pedestrian Street with Stop Point
Isolated Empty Space
Rain Collecting Garden
Walking Door
Mix Transportation Street
Half Shade
Veranda
Develop strategy Phrase 1 Regenerate the Egenton Lane
Phrase 2 Pedestrian Street & Public Rain Garden
Phrase 3 Build the pedestrian bridge to get more public spaces
master plan
persperctive
TransfOrmation analysis
The Proposing Motor Traffic Route
The Proposing Transform Space
The Proposing New Pedestrian Street
persperctives
REUNITE.
Compound Park Lung Tsun Stone Bridge Conservation Corridor Concept Design Kai Tak Area,Hong Kong, China November 2013 2 weeks Size:24,000 m2
Type: Personal project, Team Individual Part:The design and graphic drawing of landscape part
context The Long Tsun Stone Bridge is an important historic relic site of Hong Kong. In incorporates the Kowloon City’s history, social and economic development. The rise and fall of Lung Tsun Stone Bridge closely relates to the political, economic and social development of the Kowloon City region. In 1873, the Qing Government built the Kowloon Stone Bridge as the dock for the purpose of setting Kowloon customs and suppressing opium smuggling. Afterwards, a wooden structural extension was made to original stone bridge. In 1910, the Kowloon Dock project was initiated. In the 1920s, in the wake of Kowloon Bay’s development, Chinese residence area Kai Tak Bund was developed. Thus. the bridge’s section near to the land was buried. In 1927, the Kat Tak Airport project began. As the airport expansion continued, the entire Long Tsun Stone Bridge had been buried by 1945. The development and excavation beginning from 1998, when the airport was closed, discovered the stone bridge in 2008. In our team work, we discussed and confirmed the idea and orientation for thinking. And I was assigned the independent work of landscape design and graphic drawing.
Location Analysis & Present Situation Survey Lung Tsun Stone Bridge relics
Lung Tsun Stone Bridge in the history
Lung Tsun Pavilion
Lung Tsun Pavilion and Lung Tsun Stone Bridge in the 1910s
Lung Tsun Stone Bridge built in 1875
Timber extension of the bridge built in 1892
Lung Tsun Stone Bridge cartoon in British newspaper in the 1880s
Hong Kong Island
Kowloon Road Lung Tsun Stone Bridge
Kowloon City
Built between 1873 to 1875, the Lung Tsun Stone Bridge was originally 200m long, 2.6~4m wide, and was divided into south and north sections. It was located at the shore of Kowloon City with a granite dock, acting as the landing dock of this region. In the 1920s, the bridge was buried due to the regional costal project and the airport expansion. After the stone bridge was found, people have further discoveries of Lung Tsun Pavilion, old Kowloon City dock and the seawall relics.
The Kowloon landform map drawn by Lieutenant Collinson R.E. in 1845
Analysis of Kai Tak Region's Evolvement in History Kowloon City Field 1925
Kai Tak Airport 1941
Kai Tak Airport 1954 PRE
-wa
r Ta
ke-o
ff an
d La
ndin
g Ar
ea
Kowloon City Pier Kowloon City Pier
Original Site of The Pier
Hong Kong International Airport 1958-1974
N
Original Site of The Pier
Hong Kong International Airport 1997
N Original Site of The Pier
Core idea Through analysis of the historical meaning and geographical feature of the surrounding area’s elements, we conclude the major design elements in bridge, entrance, market and sea.
Geographical Feature SEA(海):The stone bridge was constructed in sea water, witnessing the passing ships and the rising and falling tides. All these created a piece of historical scenery of this region.
Vitality
Portal
Connection
Market(市): The dock of Lung Tsun Stone Bridge attracted ships to anchor here, speeding up the formation of Kowloon City market.
Entrance(门): As the city’s exit to the sea, Lung Tsun Stone Bridge is also an entrance to the city. During the initial period of British occupation, it was also the only way to the Kowloon Walled City for Chinese officers.
Bridge(橋): Longjin Stone Bridge served as the exit to the sea, crossing the sea surface and linking the land and dock.
Bridge The location of the stone bridge relics crosses the underground shopping street and intertwines with the street in horizontal direction. Therefore, the underground shopping street design should consider how to cross the relics without much influence. A rotating ferris wheel is placed with an access point in the shopping street for tourists at one side of the relics. In the ascending process, they can view the relics from different angles till they reach the opposite building and choose descending paths according to their own purposes.
Entrance We hope to add connected public spaces at difference levels in the area, linking the buildings at the upper level. The Chinese character “門” (meaning “Entrance”) generates the basic shape, which evolves into more variations and combinations, connecting the surrounding buildings and lower streets. The crossing mass between buildings contains functions of museum, library, theatre, school and so on, to make the entire area a compound multi-functional community.
The rooftop of two green belts with a walking pathway in the middle
Rooms of scattered arrangement Multifunctional rooms
Market
The building of Lung Tsun Stone Bridge greatly boosted the local business development. People naturally formed a market between the bridge dock and Kowloon Walled City. We hope to reproduce the market at the two sides of the relics. Multifunctional rooms are arranged scattered in the back and forth direction, creating various terrace spaces. The rooms are rented to individuals or organizations for the purposes of exhibition, party or commercial activities. The rooftop level has two green belts with a walking pathway in the middle.
Sea
LAND
SEA Tourists can walk freely at the relics level of sandgravel surface. At the forth section, the south-to-north decreasing water area simulates the environment of rising and falling tides. Walking through the dock, tourists may also view the relics from a different angle. The ground level links underground shopping street. Tourists from the shopping street can reach the ground level directly. Overhead the original Lung Tsun Pavilion location, holographic projection is used to display its historic look.
d
橋，門，市，海 Bridge,entrance,market and sea
A
B
A
C
B
d
C
The Master Plan
As a monument of explicit historical connotation and cultural symbol, the Lung Tsun Stone Bridge incorporates the ideas of Bridge, Entrance, Market and Sea of the city, connecting the inside and outside and uniting the functions of residence, business and transport. We hope that Lung Tsun Stone Bridge will not exist only as an exhibit, but an accelerator to promote the urban regional development. Originally the entrance to the city, Lung Tsun Stone Bridge now shall become part of the city. The stone bridge buried for half a century shall be integrated into the rapidly developing city as a new entity.
A-A Section
42
C-C Section
The completion and use of Lung Tsun Stone Bridge facilitated the regional development. And the discovery of the stone bridge relics will also instill new vitality to the urban block development. Nowadays, we reunite the bridge, entrance, market and sea, reincorporating the Lung Tsun Stone Bridge into the blocks, forming a compound urban park.
BRIDGE The rotating ferris wheel
ENTRANCE The connected public spaces
MARKET The multifunctional rooms arrangement
The idea and arrangement of the relics level comes from the SEA
B-B Section
D-D Section
43
BOUYEI SOUL IN THE NATURE(Updated Work) Regulatory Detailed Planning of Ten-thousand Peak Forest Scenic Spot Ten-thousand Peak Forest Scenic Spot, Xingyi City, Guizhou Province Original project date: November 2009 6 weeks Size: 2,740 ha Type: Academic, Teamwork Individual Part: General planning, discussion and analysis Work updated in April 2013 3 weeks Type: Individual Further analysis, typical village design and typical architectural spatial design
CONTEXT The project base is located within the Ten-thousand Peak Forest Scenic Spot to the southwest of the Guizhou Province, China, linking the central scenic spot and the Xingyi urban district. The base is surrounded by karst peak forest, with a 12-kilometre long river running through it and 8 minor ethnic group villages lying sporadically at two sides of the river. There are rich various landscape resources. As this was a team project, all works were in discussion and cooperation of the whole team, and I participated in general planning, discussion and analysis. This time, I updated this project individually with further analysis, typical village design and typical architectural spatial design.
Location Analysis & Present Situation Survey
Guizhou province lies in the westsouth of China
①Unique geological and geomorphic landscape ②Rich hydrology resource ③Abundant Karst vegetation, including evergreen broadleaved forest, broadleaved and coniferous mixed forest, etc. ④Humid climate and pure air with an average temperature of 15~18℃,making the best living environment.
Qianxinan Prefecture is located in the southwest of Guizhou
Xingyi city is in the southwest of Qianxinan Prefecture ①Historical sites have been preserved intact. ②Unique Bouyei village spatial arrangement, residence model ③Minor ethnic culture with Bouyei culture as the main content, added with Miao, Yi and Hui ethnic elements.
Surrounding
Bouyei Settlement Form Space and Distribution
Xianahui Village is a typical Bouyei Puyi ethnic residence space for our survey.
Mountain Vein
Important Village Spot
XiaNahui Village
Mountain Pattern
Water Vein
Water Pattern
Cultural Vein
Humanitarian Pattern
Bouyei villages thoroughly utilize the terrain and water conditions for agricultural production and ethnic cultural development. This should be considered seriously in planning.
Bouyei Buliding Analysis
Minor ethnic building style with a history of about a thousand years: Bole fences building, half-side building
Buildings of stone walls and grey tiles with stone and clay materials from the Karst landform.
Building Nature Analysis
Building Style Analysis
Wood structure Concrete yard structure Stone and grey tile structure Concrete structure Water Road
Residence Business Medical Education Water Road Business
Medical
Education
Residence
Wood
concrete
stone
Total
Quantity
1
1
6
880
Quantity
4
196
688
888
Percentage
0.001
0.001
0.007
0.991
Percentage
0.001
0.001
0.007
1
Building Overall Analysis
Building Height Analysis
More than 3 storeys 3 storeys 2 storeys 1 storey Water Road
For restoration For demolition For reconstruction Water Road
1 storey
2 storey
3 storeys
More than 3 storeys
Total
Quantity
803
80
4
1
888
Percentage
0.904
0.09
0.005
0.001
1
Based on the building quality, style and height analysis, restoration and reconstruction are chosen as the main approaches while leaving the existing waterways and basic farmland unchanged.
GIS Analysis With GIS technology and the contour lines, a 3-D geography model displays the local terrain features. Elevation, slope and aspect analysis is made for the scenic spot.
Elevation Analysis Below 1150m 1150m-1200m 1200m-1250m 1250m-1300m 1300m-1350m 1350m-1400m 1400m-1450m 1450m-1500m Above 1500m
Aspect Analysis
Slope Analysis
north slope northeast slope east slope southeast slope south slope southwest slope west slope northwest slope
0°—10° 10°—20° 20°—30° 30°—40° 40°—50° 50°—60° 60°—70° 70°—80° 80°—90°
Elevation analysis The elevation analysis relates to the transport accessibility and water affinity. The altitude elevation is between 1132m and 1623m. The flat section between 1132m and 1200m is for major construction area. Aspect Analysis Aspect relates closely to microclimate. The south slope is better than north slope, and the slope south by east with sufficient sunshine is the best for natural ventilation and plant growth. The area still has optimum aspects for construction. Slope Analysis The gradient affects a lot the plant growth and construction. Gradient larger than 25°is not suitable for agricultural planting or construction. The area of Karst terrain conditions has radical gradient changes. The main construction area has a gradient between 0°-10°.
Analysis of Current Land Use
Land Using Analysis Farmland Productive plantation area Forest Residence Administration Commercial Education Medical Garbage processing Road Waterway Building Planning boundary line
Visual Analysis
Planning boundary line Waterway Secondary landscape spot Primary landscape spot Riverside landscape belt Aerial visual axis Secondary visual axis Primary visual axis
Road Analysis Motor vehicle lane Electric vehicle lane Primary pedestrian walkway Planning boundary line
Concept Plan
Concept Digram
Old buildings
Farmhouse lodgingt
Cultural Tenthousand Peak Forest
n itio trad cal ulture c e lo e th bing e Sav bsor ssenc A e
Economic
Ecological agriculture
.
Dev elo tou ping a ris g farm m. In ricultu r ers crea ' inc s al om e e.
Farming experience
Bouyei nationality
Natural Wildlife
Peak Forest Rivers
Key attributes Design components Outcomes
Construct sustainble village ecology.Save the ecological diversity
①Natural landscape -- Karst village
The 12-kilometre long area of “bouyei soul in the nature” constitutes a landscape belt of interaction between human and the nature. The Karst rural style is exhibited through villages, field, peak forest, water, botanic garden, etc, with projects in garbage collection, buried pipeline, washroom renovation, etc.
②Agricultural Tourism -- Ecological agricultural economy
Road Vein Waterway Vein
Modern ecological and experience-oriented landscape agriculture shall be developed with complete services in catering, lodging, traveling, sightseeing, entertainment and shopping.
③Bouyei village -- Minor ethnic culture
Each village group has a small theatre and non-material cultural heritage workshops of indigenous potting, ethnic costumes, traditional papermaking, etc.Bouyei building groups with unique features are placed in key areas.
“bouyei soul in the nature” Landscape Axis Karst Village Spot Key Village Planning Sub-areas
AVC Analysis
Present Attraction Evaluation Strong Good Fair Weak Very weak
Attraction Planning Evaluation Strong Good Fair Weak Very weak
Evaluation Factors for Attraction: Accessibility, comfort, completeness, uniqueness, popularity, landscape interaction Attraction evaluation result: ⑴Regarding attraction, the north is better than the south. The area close to Xingyi urban district is most attractive while the area to the south of Leli Gorge is much less attractive. ⑵The overall attraction is weak. The planning should strengthen development, especially to narrow the attraction gap between the north and south areas. ⑶Overall land use planning, landscape visual planning, tourist line arrangement and planning, general planning
Present Vitality Evaluation Strong Good Fair Weak Very weak
Vitality Planning Evaluation Strong Good Fair Weak Very weak
Evaluation Factors for Vitality: Static and dynamic conditions of spaces, preservation and utilization of natural landscape, greening and planning, operation management ability, tourists, healthy development of ecological environment Vitality evaluation result: ⑴Overall vitality is low while the area close to Xingyi urban district is relatively higher. ⑵Improving the vitality of existing high-quality resource by enhancing the management and new tourism product quality. ⑶The formation of vitality should be from an integration of points, lines and areas, and has a balanced overall structure.
Present Bearingcapacity Evaluation Strong Good Fair Weak Very weak
Bearing-capacity Planning Evaluation Strong Good Fair Weak Very weak
Evaluation Factors for Bearing-capacity: Activity capacity, ecological capacity, landscape capacity, tourists and residents capacity,space and time capacity, economic input capacity Bearing-capacity evaluation result: ⑴Balancing the bearing-capacity in the north and south via tourism capacity, open space and ecological environment planning. ⑵Improving bearing capacity must consider transport and capacity, facility hospitality, scale and reception volume, open space and tourist gathering, etc. ⑶While optimizing current tourism structure and improving partial area capacity, we should upgrade the tourism pollution management for overall bearing capacity improvement.
Land Use Planning
Function Planning
Tourist commodities Comprehensive service Southwest botanic garden Ecological breeding Gardens and villas Ethnic cultural experience Farming cultural experience Wonder stone garden
Motor vehicle lane Electric vehicle lane Pedestrian walkway Waterway Planning boundary line
Traffic Planning
Group Planning Hotel Service Administration Culture & entertainment Residence Hiking development Ecological wetland park Public green area Farmland Protection Goods traffic Square Parking area Medical Waterway Planning boundary line
Touring Arrangement Planning
Secondary touring route Primary touring route Planning boundary line First tier landscape spot Second tier landscape spot Third tier landscape spot
Touring planning
Entrance Parking area Service spot Service station Service village Eco-museum Washroom
Infrastructure planning
Resource Preservation and Regulatory Planning
Riverside greening Road greening Wetland farmland Forest rehabilitation Forest reservation Village greening Leisure greening Specified planting Road Waterway Planning boundary line
Building control Environmental coordination Commercial development Leisure entertainment Square Residents area Ethnic folk street Business street Building style one Building style two Building style three Building style four Building style five Planning boundary line
2 storeys- Residence 3 storeys- Residence 3 storeys- Public building 6 storeys- Public building Productive plantation area Forest Waterway
Green area system planning
Planning boundary line
Bouyei Residence Space
Building Style Control Planning
Create new village texture with typical ethnic residence elements and terrain conditions
Typical Elements
· Two-side Street · Ground floor for retail shops First floor for residence or storage · Commercial
· Unfolded Courtyard House · Corridor style building · Neighborhood relationship
· Courtyard House · Retaining independent building space · Inner communication
· Sporadic Residence Building · Sporadic distribution · Independent
Texture Combination
· Central square and streets radiation · Multi-functional building combination · Visual effect, fluidness
· Semi-closed space · Theme square, waterway · Affinity
Village texture
Bouyei residence house type design Residence house design:
Residence house type 1
Residence house type 2
Residence house type 3
Residence house type 4
Residence house types 1 and 3 are buildings of closed yard. House type 2 is a single-storey building. House type 4 is a three-storey building.
Commercial house design:
Commercial house type 1
Commercial house type 2
Commercial house type 3
Commercial buildings has house types of general business shop, bar & teahouse and catering business. Commercial house types 1 and 2 are row commercial houses. Commercial house type 3 is a single unit commercial house.
Typical Bouyei Residence Facade Design
Building style 1
Building style 2 Commercial area facade illustration
Building style 3
Building style 4
Resident settlement place facade illustration Building style 5 The building styles are rearranged under consideration of terrain conditions. The preserved buildingsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; storey numbers are reduced with elevation and roof renovations. The whole area is recreated into a large scale Bouyei architecture museum.
Demonstration of A Typical Bouyei Street
Leisure & entertainment area facade illustration
Typical Bouyei Village Design
Waterway Design Analysis
50-year flood control line
Third level of riverside protection Tall arbors irrigated area
Major activity area of people flow Landscape distribution belt
LeLi Village
Second level of riverside protection Low arbors irrigated area
First level of riverside protection Concrete & stone mix
Waterway
Riverside superposition model Xianahui Village
Riverside Landscape Section
Other Works
Pen drawing practice Hand-drawing ink line plane practice
Architectural drawing practice Pen drawing practice
Hand-drawing color plane practice
Pen drawing practice
Photography