EUGO BARCELONA PARTICIPANT BOOKLET
BARCELONA 18—22 OCTOBER 2012
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EUGO BARCELONA PARTICIPANT BOOKLET
CONTENTS
About Nexes ................................................................................................ 3 Staff membres of EU’GO project + Participants
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State of the Art
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Programme
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Detailed programme
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EUGO BARCELONA PARTICIPANT BOOKLET
NEXES
Nexes has been working with the topic of sustainable development since 3 years as a way to change the society and educate people through youth projects. Nexes has participated in Otesha Youth Exchange organised by Pistes Solidaires in 2009 on this topic and then created a local group to keep on Nexes Interculturals is a youth association working social transformation and
working at local and international level. In 2009, a local project called "Junts
active participation through intercultural and local experiences of young peo-
fem mes" proposed to train some youth leaders on these topics to be able to
ple. Since 10 years, Nexes has been using European programmes to enhance
do workshops in schools and institutions of the city. One of the training was
active participation of young people, help them to set up projects, train
based on urban gardens work for social transformation. On 2010, Nexes was
them, give them resources and opportunities to grow up professionally and
also partner of Pistes Solidaires in the project Global Impact where young
personally. To achieve the goals and mission of Nexes, we promote:
people with fewer opportunities has been working at local and international level to raise awareness on education for sustainable development. The group created a Theatre Play, organised local events and dissemination
Intercultural experiences and empowerment of young people: European Voluntary Service, vocational training projects of the Leonardo da Vinci Programme (hosting and sending), youth exchanges, Grundtvig projects, leisure and cultural local activities, and many other activities for young people and for adults. Training and counselling: information sessions and guidance, workshops, training courses, counselling for youth mobility.
events. On the other hand, Nexes has always been a link (as "nexes" means "links" in Catalan) between people and organisations and when it decided to be part of this project, the idea was also to contact many gardens and organisations working on that topic.
Cooperation: youth cooperation projects, projects to increase awareness, participation in international networks.
Nexes Interculturals de Joves per Europa To carry out this Project we collaborate with several institutions, NGOs and we participate in several local and international networks.
C/ Josep Anselm ClavĂŠ, 6, 1-1 08002 BARCELONA SPAIN www.nexescat.org info@nexescat.org 3
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PARTICIPANTS
Julie Paucot Catalunya/Spain
ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S): Nexes ROLE IN THE ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S): Staff member in EU’GO project KNOWLEDGE/SKILLS ABOUT URBAN GARDENING: General and theoric since I’m in EU GO. I am very interested in the learning process of gardeners and the social impact on society WHAT DO YOU EXPECT FROM THE VISIT TO BARCELONA? To make gardens meet, share, exchange, and think about good practices of urban gardens
ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S): CEMEA del Mezzogiorno ONLUS ROLE IN THE ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S): Staff member in EU’GO project
Ilenia Zuccaro Italy
ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S): PISTES ROLE IN THE ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S): Staff member in EU’GO project
ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S): Les Jardins de l’Espérance and RJSM
ROLE IN THE ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S): Staff member in EU’GO project In my garden I’m a staff member, I’m dealing mainly with environmental education for children, adults, and disabled persons, I’m also responsible for planning the work in the vegetable garden.
KNOWLEDGE/SKILLS ABOUT URBAN GARDENING: Not much but lots of interests.
KNOWLEDGE/SKILLS ABOUT URBAN GARDENING: Gardening, training, environment and sustainable development
Vivianne Cronier France
WHAT DO YOU EXPECT FROM THE VISIT TO BARCELONA? Meet gardeners from spain, to learn more about how the gardens are existing and why. I would like to share my knowledge of the different kind of gardens that exist in France, and especially of my garden and hope to bring my stone to the construction of a world with more gardens and gardening in it
KNOWLEDGE/SKILLS ABOUT URBAN GARDENING: Not really in gardening but thanks to EU’GO project I started to analyze form a social-culture point of view urban gardens as a new and original educative tool. WHAT DO YOU EXPECT FROM THE VISIT TO BARCELONA? To see the Spanish realities about urban gardens and go deeper in the sense of having a garden in the city. Discover new practices in order to transfer them to the Italian EU’GO gardens.
Marlene Benzler France
WHAT DO YOU EXPECT FROM THE VISIT TO BARCELONA? Identify good practices, discover the reality of urban gardens in Barcelona, exchange with the others, get ideas for the experimentation
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ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S): Shared children's and young people's centre garden, Kingsand, Cornwall.
Helen Parker UK
ROLE IN THE ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S): Pre-school leader and forest school leader also on the committee that organises the children and young people's centre KNOWLEDGE/SKILLS ABOUT URBAN GARDENING: Lots of enthusiasm and interest, but really only a beginner WHAT DO YOU EXPECT FROM THE VISIT TO BARCELONA? To be inspired! To gain ideas about how to involve different sectors of the public in respecting, developing and managing a shared outdoor space. To gain some creative ideas about how to develop a garden suitable for a range of age groups.
ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S): ARBRE (NGO) / Solidarity Garden of Super Rimiez (Potager solidaire de Super Rimiez) ROLE IN THE ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S): Manager of an environment workshop for young people on probation between 16 to 25 years old. KNOWLEDGE/SKILLS ABOUT URBAN GARDENING: We teach workshops of vegetable garden, beekeeping, olive oil production, heritage workshop… for 12 trainees.
Olivier Brunetto France
ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S): Projekthaus Potsdam. (from 2013 also: Himmelbeet) ROLE IN THE ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S): Gardener KNOWLEDGE/SKILLS ABOUT URBAN GARDENING: Cultivation of vegetables and flowers. Construction of different types of raised beds.
Monika Koch Germany
WHAT DO YOU EXPECT FROM THE VISIT TO BARCELONA? Getting to know as many projects as possible. Finding answers to: Which plants grow under specific climatic conditions? How do gardens ensure the water supply? In the last century the boom of Urban Gardening was usually connected with a social crisis (hunger, rebellious population groups). Which influence has the actual economic crisis on Spanish Urban Gardening projects?
Paola Turroni Italy
WHAT DO YOU EXPECT FROM THE VISIT TO BARCELONA? To meet organic gardeners, to find different approach of educational projects, to visit Spanish social and insertion gardens. To strengthen European garden network.
ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S): Lavangaquadra ROLE IN THE ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S): Gardener with a didactic purpose, I run gardening laboratories in a secondary school. I’m one of the fundraiser for the Lavangaquadra organization and I’m responsible of a school garden. KNOWLEDGE/SKILLS ABOUT URBAN GARDENING: Autodidact gardener, I experiment gardening activities in the school garden. I’m a support teacher for pupils with special needs and gardening is one of the activity that I proposed to the school. WHAT DO YOU EXPECT FROM THE VISIT TO BARCELONA? Exchange of knowledge among urban gardeners to improve my knowledge, input for new experimentation and new cultivation.
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PARTICIPANTS ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S): cosmos kolej
EUGO BARCELONA PARTICIPANT BOOKLET
ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S): Association CAP VERT.
ROLE IN THE ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S):
ROLE IN THE ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S): Development executive
KNOWLEDGE/SKILLS ABOUT URBAN GARDENING: garden drawing, trimming, aromatic plants
KNOWLEDGE/SKILLS ABOUT URBAN GARDENING: Trained in urban gardens management and implementation of urban garden in Nice.
Elise Aracil France, Corsica
WHAT DO YOU EXPECT FROM THE VISIT TO BARCELONA? To meet different profiles of gardens and gardeners and share ours experiences.
Chantal Diart France
ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S): POINT EUROPA UK
ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S): Ortofficina in CSOA ExSNIA.
ROLE IN THE ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S): volunteer, general gardening
ROLE IN THE ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S): Co-founder, responsible of composting & blog & networking
KNOWLEDGE/SKILLS ABOUT URBAN GARDENING: NVQ IN HORTICULTURE
Sheila Taylor UK
WHAT DO YOU EXPECT FROM THE VISIT TO BARCELONA? Meeting and exchanging ideas with other gardeners and improving my knowledge in permaculture.
WHAT DO YOU EXPECT FROM THE VISIT TO BARCELONA? To find out how volunteers work in other countries.
KNOWLEDGE/SKILLS ABOUT URBAN GARDENING: Thesis in Ethics of Philosophy of Ecology
Sezgi Uygur Italy
WHAT DO YOU EXPECT FROM THE VISIT TO BARCELONA? Finding out about other good practices, networking
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PARTICIPANTS
Laurence Malcolm Watkins UK
ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S): Mount Edgcumbe Country Park, Cornwall. ROLE IN THE ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S): Volunteer Gardener in 30 acre Formal Gardens within the Country Park, assisting with all aspects of garden maintenance. KNOWLEDGE/SKILLS ABOUT URBAN GARDENING: Requirements of Plant Health. Soil management. Shrub Pruning/Trimming. Lawn Care. Seasonal task planning. Vegetable types and their soil requirements. Watering and irrigation systems. WHAT DO YOU EXPECT FROM THE VISIT TO BARCELONA? Opportunity to understand the ‘Urban Garden’ issues and approaches of a different culture, climate and country.
ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S): cosmos kolej ROLE IN THE ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S): gardener KNOWLEDGE/SKILLS ABOUT URBAN GARDENING: do it yourself ; beginner in land art ; plumbing
Serge Franc France
ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S): InWoLe eV
ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S): Ton Steine Gärten ROLE IN THE ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S): Responsable for the community bed of green squash KNOWLEDGE/SKILLS ABOUT URBAN GARDENING: seedbombs, raised beds
Lory Dell'Anna Germany
WHAT DO YOU EXPECT FROM THE VISIT TO BARCELONA? Learning more about gardening (permaculture, composting), getting to know other organized community gardens and gardeners
WHAT DO YOU EXPECT FROM THE VISIT TO BARCELONA? Meeting European gardeners and discover the different ways of gardening in urban areas.
Christin ZschogeMeile Germany
ROLE IN THE ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S): Coordinator, Staff member KNOWLEDGE/SKILLS ABOUT URBAN GARDENING: I have theoretical and practical knowledge about gardening and subsistence. WHAT DO YOU EXPECT FROM THE VISIT TO BARCELONA? Exchange of experiences: The management of gardens within a city with a high density of buildings and high population density. The political aspects of urban gardening in the city (squattering of gardens and the reaction of the government)
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ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S):
ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S):
Association Accueil et rencontres – Jardin des Aures (Marseille)
ROLE IN THE ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S):
ROLE IN THE ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S): animator – organizer
Aline Grosjean France
KNOWLEDGE/SKILLS ABOUT URBAN GARDENING: To introduce people to discover natural and garden ecosystem's through adapted (for different ages) ludical, scientifical, artistical, practical, etc activities – to organize events to make people meet in the garden WHAT DO YOU EXPECT FROM THE VISIT TO BARCELONA? To discover other urban gardening functioning : to exchange about practices, tools, activities in garden
KNOWLEDGE/SKILLS ABOUT URBAN GARDENING:
WHAT DO YOU EXPECT FROM THE VISIT TO BARCELONA?
Heidi Games Germany
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STATE OF THE ART
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Local context in Spain, Catalonia Nexes is situated in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Catalonia is the north-east region of Spain with autonomic status and proper language. Second region for population, Catalonia is one of the strongest region of Spain Population and territory Catalonia has 7,364,078 inhabitants, according to the population census of 2008, after some years of constant growth particularly as a result of foreign immigration. It represents 15.9% of the total population of Spain and makes Catalonia the second region of Spain for population. At present, a little over 60% of Catalans were born in Catalonia, 20% were born in other communities in the State and approximately 15% are of foreign origin. One out of three Catalans is between 20 and 39 years of age, the largest population group. Catalunya has 946 municipalities but very few rural population as 95% of the population is currently living in 300 municipalities of more than 2000 inhabitants. The Urban Region of Barcelona includes 5,416,447 (2008) people and covers an area of 2.268 km² and about 1.7 million people live in a radius of 15 km from Barcelona. That represents 74% of the population of Catalonia and 11.8% of Spain Population.
With a surface area of 32,107 m², Catalonia has a very diverse and divided orography, with extensive mountain ranges mirroring the coastline, inland depressions, mountain peaks reaching 3,000 meters high in the Pyrenees, and just 240 meters to the south is a delta that collects the sediments from one of the most abundant rivers of the Iberian peninsula: the Ebre. The orography itself is notably responsible for the climate. While it can be said that the winters are mild and the summers are hot and dry, the temperatures themselves vary considerably between the coastline and the inland plains and the Pyrenees. 90% of the population of Catalonia is living in a third part of the territory, called "franja costera" (coast border) in about 9.235 km². This part of the territory has a high density of population. If the average of Catalunya is 234.8 inhabitants for square meters, the Barcelonese area (Barcelona, Hospitalet, Santa Coloma and Sant Adrià) has a density of 15.412 inhabitants for square meters! Sources and references: General government of Catalonia www.gencat.cat/catalunya/eng Statistical Institute of Catalonia www.idescat.cat
Culture and Language Catalan culture has developed its own unique and universal identity over the centuries. The innovative flair, creativity, capacity to absorb different influences, co-existence and tolerance values have shaped a culture that is both national and cosmopolitan. Traditionally, art and thought trends seep into Catalonia as a result of the country's geographic location, open to the Mediterranean and European countries, and also due to the leading spirit and attraction created by Barcelona. Catalonia has always been an intersection of cultures and influences. 9
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STATE OF THE ART The most modern trends coexist in harmony with the most deeply-rooted traditions, some of which have been declared intangible heritage of humanity by UNESCO. The popular festivals are a good reflection on how the people of Catalonia have preserved their cultural heritage: the traditional national dance called the 'Sardana' is always present and activities that seemed incredible such as the 'castells' or human towers have been perfected, a tradition of the districts of Tarragona that has spread to other parts of the country. Catalan is the common language used at school and its use is standardising the media, financial world and cultural productions. Catalan was established between the 8th and 10th Centuries as an evolution of Latin, as were Spanish, French, Italian and the other Romance languages.
With regard to Spanish, nearly most citizens understand and speak it. It is official language as well as Spanish in Catalonia and it is the only official language in Andorra. As a result, it is calculated that there are a total of nine million people that speak Catalan and 11 million that understand it. It is therefore situated ahead of 14 official languages of the European Union and it is the ninth most spoken language. But the high increase of immigrated population led the government to establish laws and measures in order to protect Catalan language and keep it alive. Even though bilingualism should be seen as a richness, the use of the Catalan language also causes misunderstandings and tensions between Catalan speakers and non Catalan speakers (Spanish, foreigners, etc.).
Politics and Economy Catalonia is an autonomous community and exercises its self-government in the Spanish State in accordance with the Constitution of 1978 and the new Statute of Autonomy, approved in 2006. The Generalitat is the institutional system around which Catalonia's self-government is politically organised and it dates from 1359.
The Generalitat has extensive competencies in matters such as education, health, citizen security and civil protection, culture, linguistic policy, industry, urban development, housing, regional politics, transport and the environment, among others. Catalonia has its own police force, the Mossos d'Esquadra, which has been covering the full territory since November 1st, 2008. Catalan civil law is applied in legal matters, of historical tradition, the modification of which is the exclusive competence of the Generalitat. Industrial activity is very important for the overall economy of Catalonia, particularly in the chemical, food, energy, metal and transport material sectors. Nevertheless, in recent years, special attention has been paid to logistics and the knowledge economy, an activity that is growing all over Europe. The commitment to new technologies and the audio-visual industry is already giving a distinct personality to the Catalan economy.
Another field for which is Barcelona is noted is its business schools, a point of reference all over the world. In recent years, tourism has increased in such as way that it has become one of the most notable economic activities of Catalonia. This phenomenon has had a particular impact on the consolidation and expansion of commercial activity.
However, the crisis affected strongly the economy of the whole country since 2008 and today, the rate for unemployment for young Spanish people is over 50%. In Spain, the crisis was generated by long term loans (commonly issued for 40 years), the building market crash which included the bankruptcy of major companies, and a particularly severe increase in unemployment, which rose to 22.9% by December 10
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STATE OF THE ART 2011. Among these, according to the Financial Times, there was Spain's huge trade deficit, the "loss of competitiveness against its main trading partners" and, also, as a part of the latter, an inflation rate which had been traditionally higher than those of its European partners, back then especially affected by house price increases of 150% from 1998 and a growing family indebtedness (115%) chiefly related to the Spanish Real Estate boom and rocketing oil prices. House ownership in Spain is above 80%. The desire to own one's own home was encouraged by governments in the 1960s and 70s, and has thus become part of the Spanish psyche. As feared, when the speculative bubble popped Spain became one of the worst affected countries. According to eurostat, over the June 2007-June 2008 period, Spain has been the European country with the sharpest plunge in construction rates. Actual sales over the July 2007-June 2008 period were down an average 25.3%. So far, some regions have been more affected than others: Catalonia was ahead in this regard with a 42.2% sales plunge while sparsely populated regions like Extremadura were down a mere 1.7% over the same period.
Sources and references www.elpais.es
www.gencat.cat/catalunya/eng
www.ft.com(Financial Times) www.eurostat.eu
Barcelona Barcelona became modern in 1992, when the Olympic Games put the city on the world map and fomented the major urban transformation from when CerdĂ 's Eixample was built. Barcelona was discovered to be a city that was full of social and cultural vitality, open to the world and all cultures. Since then, it has been ranked as one of the favorite cities among tourists and a huge number of tourists come every year. The city lies on a coastal plain constrained by the Collserola hills and the rivers Llobregat and Besos. These topographic constraints have produced urban congestion and high residential densities.
Barcelona has a large tertiary sector, its traditional manufacturing industries have been declining, and multinational investment has become increasingly important. The rapid development of Technical Parks for high-tech industry is a modern feature associated with the growth of what is becoming known as the European 'sun -rise' belt, along the Mediterranean coast between Valencia and Northern Italy. Barcelona suffers from serious traffic congestion and has the unenviable reputation as being the second most noisy city in Europe after Sofia. In the last twenty years, two major events, the 1992 Olympic Games and the Universal Forum of Cultures 2004 have enabled the city to undergo a transformation more radical than perhaps any other city in western Europe. The City authorities have been able to invest in major infrastructure projects and tackle serious inner city problems. Urban renewal has followed a 'culture-led' approach, with planned gentrification based around high-quality architecture, new museums and hotels. Changes have been most dramatic in the medieval city, where the striking Contemporary Arts Museum has helped transform one of the city's most rundown districts, El Raval. Gentrification has seen the arrival of many trendy bars and restaurants in the vicinity of the museum, but elsewhere sizeable immigrant communities have taken over apartments no longer wanted by Spaniards. Thus Barcelona provides an excellent example of urban growth, from the middle ages to the present. Barcelona underlines the way in which modern cities combine major international trends (eg. high-rise housing, gated communities and Japanese investment) with distinctive and local characteristics (eg. Gaudi's architecture and the Catalan dimension). Source: http://geographyfieldwork.com/BarcelonaUrbanDetail.htm
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Green areas in Barcelona Barcelona is a very dense city with 5.060 inhabit/km² in the metropolitan area. The city is developping from south to north because of the sea on one hand and Collserola metropolitan park from another hand. The park is around 1795 hectares and green areas in Barcelona cities represents 17.7m2 per inhabitant (between urban green areas and forest areas inside the city). It has around 560 hectares of urban parks. Education to sustainable development is one of the priority of Barcelona policies since its commitment through Agenda 21 to promote sustainable development together with many local actors (schools, NGO’s, stakeholders, etc.). In this way, the Environment department of the municipality also have a network of 12 urban gardens distributed in different districts. However, the extension of green areas is not a priority for the municipality and since 2006, green areas have decreased a bit (the city have lost 150 000 urban trees in 4 years). Context of urban gardens in Barcelona and Catalonia The project EU'GO is taking place in a highly urbanised area where modernity and tradition are closely linked as we described in the previous chapters. Urban and communitarian gardens have been growing up very fast these last years due to several characteristics and Barcelona is strongly connected with horticulture.
born by the need to oxygenate the city to make it healthier and create recreational and leisure. In Barcelona, the creation of public green spaces starts with the growth of the city walls were demolished, in 1854. However, the first public green space of Barcelona dates from 1816: The General's Garden, created by Francis Brown, Captain General of the Principality.
History
In 1872, the Barcelonese council approved the project of Josep Fontserè i Mestre to construct the “parc de la ciutadella” (citadel park) and at the beginning of XXth century, green parks and areas start to increase in Barcelona. In 1929, another international exhibition allowed the gardening of another famous place of Barcelona: the mountain of Montjuich were the abundance of vegetation and natural sources had stimulated a large number of familiar and communitarian orchards and vegetable gardens.
Although gardening has always existed in the cities as private gardens, vegetable gardens and nurseries, public green space does not appear as such until after the industrial revolution. The increasing need of workers for industrial centres in the city led to the progressive lack of living space. This mass was accompanied by an inadequate health care, the total lack of hygiene and pollution from the factories. The concept of "public park", understood as a space created and funded by the city government was
The Civil War was a period of transition in the creation of new parks in Barcelona. After this and until the advent of democratic councils, the development of public areas went up especially in the arrangement of the existing green areas, which were equipped with infrastructure and equipment necessary for their use as a park. Belongs to the first decade of this period the Park Hill Monterols (1947). With the advent of democracy (80’) a policy of creating green spaces have been starting. Many 12
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areas occupied by obsolete equipment were turned into parks, such as Joan Miró Park, built in 1983 on the grounds of the old slaughterhouse in central Barcelona. The urban renewal that took place in Barcelona following the 1992 Olympics allowed, as it had done the Universal Exhibitions of 1888 and 1929, rearrange those parts of the city that had more deficiencies, both urban and green spaces .
small areas, comunitarian gardens, ecological food, consumption cooperatives and groups, etc.) and against individualism and globalisation. The main topic is to find a place for that: urban gardens needs space to be developed in the city and nowadays, they find their places in privates balconies and gardens, public plots, comunitarian terraces, abandonned lands, school playgrounds, squatted buildings, forgeted spaces, etc. If many gardens are set up on legal properties, many others are squatting a piece of land which is being ignored, accepted or tolerated by municipality or owners waiting for a possible eviction.
Urban renewal, alternative movements and gardens Despite of the policy to develop green areas, Barcelona city has always runned also a strong policy of urban renewal to attract tourists and inversors. 1992 Olimpics games is the bigest example: even if this event brought Barcelona into a modern and attractive city, it also had many social consequences for the population: evictions, destruction of entire districts, property speculation of the city, displacement of immigrants and old people outside the city, etc. In this period, most urban gardens were held by old people, families and neighbourhood in a non formal way and were located in “no man’s lands”. Most of them have disappeared in the urban renewal processes. Paradoxically, what led Barcelona into an attractive and rich city also led to the current civil unrest.
As an alternative answer to the current crisis, unemployment, society of consumerism and capitalism, many young people find alternative ways of creating social links, promoting sustainable development and social economy. The urban gardens are one possible atrractive answer for many people. Following the catalan tradition of strong civil citizenship and solidarity, many neighbours oreganised themselves to have a small garden. The main aim is less feeding than cultural (recover the link with nature), for leisure (spending free time in gardens), idealistic (participate to the responsible consumption and sustainable development) and is an opposition to the massive consumption society (new way of eating,
Sources and references: www.bcn.cat/mediambient www.paufaus.net (la ciutat jubiliada) http://huertos urbanosbarcelona.wordpress.com Investigació Addaia Araguay Esmerats: Els horts urbans a la ciutat de Barcelona
Networks and types of urban gardens in Barcelona The only official network is the one from the municipality at the moment. In 2009 and 2010, young people started a network of communitarian gardens of Barcelona and organized several meetings. It has been abandoned for lack of time and resources but is now starting again from the initiative of several communitarian gardens. Anyway, a common network between all types of gardens would be difficult due to some different objectives. There are many ways to divide types of gardens and we choose the approach based on the type of organisation:
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STATE OF THE ART Public gardens
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SELF MANAGED SUPERVISED MANAGEMENT
INDIVIDUAL USE Private gardens
COMMUNITARIAN USE Communitarian gardens
Precarious gardens Public gardens
Associative gardens School gardens Associative gardens Communitarian gardens
Private gardens Private gardens are being developed in houses, balconies, terraces and gardens by individuals, families, neighbourhood or friends. They are generally very small plots (sometimes only some plants in flowerpots) with self management and self resources (many books of self gardening have been sold lately). The main objective is leisure and contact with nature.
Precarious gardens They are managed by poor people (old people, immigrants) generally in illegal areas and abandoned public spaces (railways, riversides‌). There are gardens with some small greenhouses with few resources and with main aim to feed the families and also for economic reasons. It use to represent a big area (around 8000 gardens of more than 50m2 in the eighties) but the municipality has been recovering the places during 20 years and nowadays, it represents much less even if we are not able to quantify it exactly. http://paufaus.net : La ciutat Jubilada
The Barcelona Urban Gardens network is a programme by Environment Department that was designed to encourage the participation of people over the age of 65 in activities that improve the environment by looking after gardens that employ organic farming methods. This programme began in the Can Mestres gardens in 1997, although it is not the first vegetable garden in Barcelona. The first one, called Hort de l'Avi (Grandfather vegetable garden), was opened in the GrĂ cia district in 1986 due to requests from a local group of neighbours. These gardens are small plots between 25 and 40 sqm where vegetables, aromatic plants and seasonal flowers are cultivated. This programme is aimed at those over the age of 65 who are registered in the district where the community garden is located. These individuals must be in proper physical condition to carry out gardening tasks and may not live with someone who already has a plot within the same community. It represents around 12 gardens divided in around 250 plots of 25-40m2. www.bcn.cat/parcsijardins
School gardens They have been developed very quickly these last year in child care centres, primary and secondary schools thanks to the motivation and interest of some teachers and parents association (AMPA) and also to the development of programmes such as "Agenda 21" and "Green schools" in the education. During the 2009-2010 course, 30schools were qualified as green schools in Barcelonese area and about 270 schools in Agenda 21. The municipality is editing resources to help education centres to develop school gardens. The objectives are diverse: education to sustainable development, leisure, contact with nature, food and consumption education, peer learning, outside activity, social link, etc. 14
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Communitarian gardens They are increasing every day, mostly organised and self managed by young people or neighbours in some legal or occupied places. The objectives are strongly linked with social transformation searching for responsible consumption, a sustainable development, local production, social link, non-hierarchical organisation, etc. Plots used to be quite small (between 150-200m2). Some of them are in public or private areas lend to their users (neighbours in cultural centres, students in universities, etc.). Many others are in squatted abandoned areas and part of the "Okupa" movement to claim against real estate speculation and to propose an alternative way of living. Urban gardens are playing an active role in these movements to enhance intergenerational and neighbourhood connections, social cohesion and active and communitarian participation. Can Masdeu is the most famous and bigger communitarian garden: an old leper hospital in the forest of Collserola in Barcelona, abandoned by Sant Pau hospital and squatted by young people since 2000. In 2002, the movement propose to work with seniors and old people of the district and set up gardens. In this way, they have created more than 30 plots on a 2800m2 area.
(agreements with old people who can't manage the garden anymore) or owned (family gardens) lands and the idea is to go further than the private garden: organise social activities, train people on gardening, educate and raise awareness on sustainable development and responsible consumption. They generally have difficulties to get founds and find them through public grants, trainings, renting plots, giving advices and other activities. Some of them also can convert themselves in company. The aims are diverse: manage plots and gardens, education to sustainable development, social and agriculture projects, etc. Some association are also working on transversal support such as seeds bank association.
This classification is not exhaustive and some gardens are difficult to classify. There should have other types of gardens not represented yet but this first selection give an overview of the situation. References: investigaci贸 Addaia Araguay Esmerats: Els horts urbans a la ciutat de Barcelona
Our local network Even if the association NEXES has been working with sustainable development projects, it is directly related with a garden and the idea was to work in network with interested gardens. We did some dissemination of the project and organised several information meetings to inform gardens about the project and detect interests.
http://urbangardensbarcelona.wordpress.com
Associative gardens The associative gardens are also increasing very fast: They are settled mostly by young people and adults interested in developing projects around gardening, sustainable education, responsible consumption, etc. The gardens are generally rented
We detected the gardens and associations interested in exchanging good practices, learning from others, discovering practices of other countries and having also something to bring and teach to the others. Our network is open and all the garden can
participate in the project for all the activities or only one or two. It means that the network is not closed and is in constant moving but at the moment, we can detect a very diverse network: 15
EUGO BARCELONA PARTICIPANT BOOKLET
STATE OF THE ART 4 associative gardens from Cardedeu (a city a 45mn from Barcelona) which develop gardens to train adults, to supply responsible consumption cooperatives, organise activities, raise awareness on this topic of families from Barcelona and surroundings: EsBiosfera and Phoenicurus. Also in Vallès orientals, the association Llavors orientals is a bank seed that conserve seeds and exchange them to promote heritage and culture. The association Benallar with the project Llavor is also working on professional integration of migrants through the garden.
More information in: http://hortsurbanseugobcn.wordpress.com
4 communitarian gardens: l'Hort del Xino is based in raval, a multicultural district in the centre of Barcelona and is a self managed and communitarian garden in a squatted abandoned "solar" (when buildings are being destroyed from inside and left only the walls: it makes a closed area and piece of land). Also "Hortet del Forat" has a big history and background. In the middle of a multicultural and poor district of the centre of Barcelona, the municipality decided to destroy old houses, evict their inhabitants and create new modern buildings. The neighbourhood react very strongly to the speculation and ask for public places with gardens and for public consultation of local population. They occupied the place for weeks and finally succeed : the municipality abandoned the project and transformed the place in a public place and "gave" to the neighbours the urban garden of the famous place called today "the hole of the shame". Can Masdeu is also part of the project and has a big history of social fighting and citizenship. Their communitarian gardens with neighbourhood is a good example of active citizenship. Conreu Sereny work also for the integration of migrants and excluded people through the methodology of agriculture. A school garden of an immigrated district of a suburb of Barcelona: INS terraroja is a school garden for secondary school introduced and managed by a motivated teacher. A neighborhood communitarian garden in a cultural centre: The Guinardo is a district of Barcelona where lived many old people and Spanish immigration. The centre of organisations is a public space of the municipality which offers many activities and represents a welcoming place in local life. 16
PROGRAMME
EUGO BARCELONA PARTICIPANT BOOKLET
Thursday 18 Breakfast Morning
8:00 9:00 9:30
Friday 19
Saturday 20
Sunday 21
Monday 22
Breakfast at the Hostel
Breakfast at the Hostel
Breakfast at the Hostel
Breakfast at the Hostel
Presentation of urban gardens in the hotel Arrivals Work on good practices, tool fair and local implementation
Lunch
14:00
Afternoon
16:00
Lunch in the city 16h: Visit to “Fàbrica del sol”
16h Visit to garden CONREU SERENY Badalona (nº23)
Arrivals
10h: Visit to garden Can Masdeu (nº18) Visit of the project and exchange with gardeners
9:30 Train to Cardedeu and visit of Cardedeu autosuficient and Phoenicurus (nº25) and Llavors orientals (nº21)
Paella in Can Masdeu cooked by gardeners
Solar cooking workshop and lunch
Napping Visiting Barcelona Preparing Tool fair
19h Visit to garden MAS GUINARDO (nº17)
Evening
20:30 Dinner at the hotel
Night
Presentation of participants
Free time
15:00 Visit and presentation of EsBiosfera school (nº22) Return to Barcelona
Departures
19h: Visit to Garden Xino (nº19)
Dinner at Mas Guinardo centre
21:30
9:15 Evaluation
Dinner at restaurant 20h: Tool Fair party in Nexes with guests and pica pica
Free time
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DETAILED PROGRAMME
During the afternoon, you have several choices:
Good practice: Sowing the seed: introduction to Ecological agriculture for migrants in a situation of social exclusion. The idea of this course were to provide to the participants basic skills to manage their professional and life projects in the rural area with a concept of self-estimation, love and respect for nature.
Fàbrica del Sol http://www.mcrit.com/crbs/
Contact: Dolors Clotas
EUGO BARCELONA PARTICIPANT BOOKLET
1/ THURSDAY AFTERNOON: Arrivals As you all arrive to different points and hours, we will meet at 20h in the hotel, except for Italians and German people who will arrive later.
It is a municipal centre on Education on sustainable development. They organise activities, exhibitions and events related with sustainability. We will go there with the participants who already arrived. Parc del Laberint www.barcelonaturisme.com/Parc-del-Laberint A very nice park next to the hotel in the upper part of the city. We could go there for a walk between 17h and 19h if it’s not rainy!! 21h-22h: Presentations round at the working room of the hotel. A small activity to present the group and the programme in order to be able to start working on Friday.
2/ FRIDAY MORNING: Working session We will present our gardens and then work on good practices, on the concept of learning and skills in the gardens. We will also work on the good practices of Eu’Go.
3/ FRIDAY AFTERNOON: Visit to gardens After lunch, we will visit the garden of Sant Jeroni de la Murtra (GP nº23), which develops several projects of social integration in Badalona
HORT DEL CASAL D’ENTITATS DEL MAS GUINARDO The Casal d’Entitats Mas Guinardó is a municipality equipment that acts to promote the associative and social life of the district. The aim is to give support to the organisations and stables groups, informal or not, and to the neighbours of the district. Practice: The organisation has a shared garden run by the neighbourhood: Once a month, they organize an agroecological cineforum where they screen documentaries in the community centre, generating reflexion and debate about agroecological culture. Contact: Anna Suñé Place: Casal d'Entitats Mas Guinardó Plaça Salvador Riera 2 08041, Barcelona Metro L4 Guinardó / Hospital de Sant Pau Dinner at the Casal in their restaurant!
CONREU SERENY Our association was born in April 2010 in order to recover rural lands for labour insertion of migrants and citizenship through the pedagogy of the love for Nature. The gardens are situated around the old monastery of Sant Jeroni de la Murtra (Badalona) in a “quiet space” very near from a big suburban area (Badalona).
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INFO...
EUGO BARCELONA PARTICIPANT BOOKLET
4/ SATURDAY: Visit to Can Masdeu (grid nº18) It’s a big garden but also a project, a house and many more things: http:// www.canmasdeu.net/ They have many years of experience, set up many projects and surely will have a lot to exchange. They will make a complete visit of the project (house, energy, gardens, organization, etc.) and we prepare a meal for you. Practice: social and intergenerational ecology. The group that squatted the farm of Can Masdeu opened some gardens for their own consumption, in which people of the house as well as anyone who wanted to learn and help could participate every Thursday. Apart from the gardens of “the house” they have a project of community gardens and a project for a total of 40 individual and shared plots and a community plot opened for all participants of the community gardens. Both in the gardens of “the house” and in the community gardens ran by the neighbours the management is based on active participation assembly-based and counts with work commissions. Through this participative system of assemblies, the participants can develop skills of social dialogue, understanding, conflict resolution and sharing concepts. The neighbours will prepare a meal for you. Contact: Can Masdeu Claudio Cattaneo Laura Ciudad
5/ SATURDAY AFERNOON: Free time and TOOL FAIR at Nexes On Saturday, we will meet at 19h at Nexes to prepare the last staff for the Tool fair. There, some local people will see the practices, information about the project and could speak with you about your projects.
Place: Nexes www.nexescat.org C/ Josep Anselm Clave, 6 Metro L3 Drassanes
6/ SUNDAY: Visit to gardens from Cardedeu Cardedeu is a small city 1 hour away from Barcelona in a peri urban area where different gardens have been set up: PHOENICURUS AND CARDEDEU AUTOSUFICIENT (11h-13h) The project was unintentionally initiated by the sowing of a small patch of broad beans in the autumn of 2009, in the corner of a former dairy farm. Since then it has evolved into an abundant garden providing year-round, fresh, local, organic and seasonal produce to a group of 30 families. Practice: “Growing together” – how to combine small-scale organic food production and responsible consumption. The consumer cooperative “cardedeu autosuficient” burst into life in the autumn of 2010, with the express desire from the outset to source food as locally and organically as possible, and to seek to support small producers and innovative projects, and to establish strong, direct contacts between the consumers and producers. As founding members of the group – we ourselves are, after all, consumers too – we had the great fortune to be able to offer our organic produce for the weekly vegetable boxes. Only a couple of months previously we had decided to expand our garden with a view to commercialising, and making a small, but sustainable, living. Contact: Hort Phoenicurus Cardedeu http://phoenicurus.wordpress.com/ Mark I Gisela
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EUGO BARCELONA PARTICIPANT BOOKLET
INFO... LLAVORS ORIENTALS AND ES BIOSFERA
Practice: Communitarian Bread oven with documentary
Llavors orientals is a Seed bank with the aim of recovering of cultural patrimony and of seeds genetic resources. The gardeners of the region grow seeds and observe all the cycle, put the seeds in the bank and exchange them with other gardeners. Simultaneously, documentation about the characteristics of the seeds is elaborated.
The practice that I am currently documenting is the construction of a bread oven in the community Garden “Hort del Xino” in the Ravel neighborhood. This project involves volunteers from the neighborhood who have come together to help Renan to construct a wood oven to be able to bake bread for common meals and gatherings. We have edited a video that shows the communitarian process, the active participation of the neighborhood and the learning process from a technical point of view but also from the active participation and communitarian learning.
Contact: http://productesdelvalles.wordpress.com Josep Maria Pi Es Biosfera is a organic horticulture school with gardens. The school has its own garden of 1500 square metres where beginners’ courses in organic horticulture are carried out. The course participants (this year 9 people or familiar unit) are able to cultivate a 50m2 plot for one year (February 2012 to February 2013). We also have another group of 10 people doing the same course, who already have a garden at home, and therefore share one big plot for the practical sessions. Contact: http://www.esbiosfera.cat/ Gemma and Jordi
7/ SUNDAY AFTERNOON: Hort del Xino
Contact: Hort del Xino http://hortdelxino.wordpress.com/ Klaus Jack, videographer Dinner in the city!
8/ MONDAY (9h-11h): Evaluation and individual meetings We will do the evaluation of the stay in the meeting room. After the evaluation, people would be able to work on their own implementation and stay with the “expert” from the other country or speak with topic-related persons. Departures and good bye!!
We will meet at 18h30 at the end of the Ramblas, next to Colon Statue. From there, we will go to visit a communitarian garden. Hort del Xino: Initiated in 2009. There was a squat in its place. The people living there were evicted and the building was pulled down. The people from the neighbourhood decided to keep occupying the land and they created the garden as a symbol for political fight. It is situated in the heart of the Raval, the multicultural neighbourhood of the centre of Barcelona. It has an horizontal organization. There are several “commandos” (commissions): Diffusion/Land/Kids/Bioconstruction
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