New Orleans in the 1920’s
Diversity Mixed cultures came together in the Jazz decade. Places like the nightclubs and dance halls where people danced and played music were the places that the cultures would come together. Even though jazz was a style made up from the African American race, white people still mingled with them. That was the first time in the United States history that this happened. New Orleans was a peaceful place full of fun and diversity. Before the Civil War, when slavery dominated the economy of the South, New Orleans stood out from the rest of the nation in a way that they employed their slaves. In most southern states, and even in most of Louisiana, the vast majority of slaves worked as laborers on plantations. However, New Orleans and a couple other cities found other ways to put slaves to work. Antebellum, New Orleans was also home to the largest population of freeblack men and women of any city in the United States. Many of these individuals shared the French, Spanish, and Catholic heritage of the city at large.
Seager, Peter J. "America From 1865." : February 2011. Google Connect, n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2014.
Music
Van Delden, Ate. "New Page 19." New Page 19. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2014.
Before jazz, music in New Orleans was necessary, not just a luxury. Just after the start of the new century jazz began to emerge as a part of a broad musical revolution. The early development of jazz in New Orleans was mainly from the bandleader, Charles “Buddy” Bolden. After he played briefly with Charley Galloway’s string band in 1894 he started his own band in 1895. His musical power would later become legendary. Jazz is similar to ragtime, which was popular in the late 1890s. Jazz was played mostly from memorization and not sheet music, and that separated it from other kinds of music. Players would likely play solos in the music, which is what jazz is known for. Early New Orlean jazz bands combined brass and string instruments. Louis Armstrong, one of the most famous players in New Orleans, was known as the cornet “king”, and Armstrongs mentor Joe Oliver, was known as “king” of Chicago. When New Orlean musicians performed all over the United States,and jazz exploded. However, the popularity of the style jazz declined in the early 1930s, as people started to play the swing style of music.
Dancing Dancing had always been a necessity in New Orleans. Bolden’s popularity gave the dancers just what they needed. During the 19th century, dancers dominated work with waltzes, polkas, and polite dancing in public. By the turn of the century dancers audiences, especially the younger ones, desired more excitement. Ragtime, jazz, and blues satisfied this demand. The New Orlean jazzmen became known for a style of blending parts. It appealed to the younger audiences because it gave the ability to make people feel alive and free. As jazz grew, so did the campaign to censor this “devils” music. People like Thomas Edison ridiculed jazz saying things like “it sounds better played backwards.” By the end of the 1920 over 60 communities enacted laws prohibiting jazzin public dance halls. The prohibition brought jazz into gangster-run nightclubs with venues that served alcohol and hired black musicians. These places allowed whites and blacks to mingle socially for the first time. Also these places drew in young audiences attracted both music and jazz dances. In the following decades jazz continued to attract both blacks and whites.
"1920-1929." Decades-2011 -. Wiki, n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2014.
Sports The 1920’s was really a turn around for the professional sports we know today. Prior to the 20’s sports were not really a site where thousands of people would all flock to like they do today. At this time the sports started to grow because of increasing publicity. Due to investors looking into the events and noticing they can make more money for themselves and the players. This is the period where stadiums start to get larger and where revenue really becomes a factor in the sports franchise. During the 1920’s a lot of significant things happened in the world of sports. Most of these are still things most people can recall upon, or are relatable to most in some way. Most people know of the great Babe Ruth, but not many know his trade from the Red Sox to the Yankees happened in 1920. The national football league was created in this year also. In 1923 Ty Cobb breaks the league's record for career hits. In 1925 the tennis tournament the French Open was now open to non french players to participate.
Derek Jeter
Babe Ruth (left) Ty Cobb (right)
"#RE2PECT the Captain. | Veooz." Veooz. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Dec. 2014. "Thread: *Babe Ruth Thread*." *Babe Ruth Thread*. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2014. "1920s Sports." 1920's Sport and Sporting Stars. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Dec. 2014.
Marcus Mariota
Sports Looking at some of the pictures it shows the two men with baseball bats, Babe Ruth and Ty Cobb, they are two of the legends still remembered today. The picture next to them is of the modern legend and a future hall of famer, Derek Jeter. As you can see the jerseys are different but not by much, but the real focus here is the fact that the campaign that says “REsPECT” it was made by Jordan to honor Mr. Jeter and his last year before retiring from baseball. Derek has been the face of the Jordan baseball equipment line for years. This is to show how the sports industry has shifted its way into things like endorsements. Back to Babe, he was really the first face to go with the sport of baseball, and he racked up money from working with companies to help make them big. Over the years players started to get payed more and more and working with more companies on the side too. Now looking at the two pictures of the football players. Obviously there has been dramatic changes to the sport, but this picture helps capture a lot of it. What differences can you spot? Take a look at the backgrounds of both pictures what do you see, in the one of the football player from now, the 2014 Heisman trophy winner Marcus Mariota, there is a crowd, the field has stands and ads hung up everywhere. The player from the ‘20s is on a grass field and there is trees and country behind him, for we don’t see stands or ads or a crowd. Now look at the player himself, the gear that the ‘20s players had was substantially worse than what it is now. The players back then were like experiments to the sport, for it was still in its early stages so they were working on the game itself rather than on gear. Now players wear things like shoulder pads, actually protective helmets, thigh pads, knee pads, and the cleats are better. There is just so many changes that have occurred throughout all sports. lastly look at the position of the players, they both look like action shots right? Now see how the games itself have evolved and the way you play has changed and enhanced.
Red Grange
"Jameis Winston, Marcus Mariota to Attend Manning Camp." NFL.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Dec. 2014. "‘Red’ Grange in Radio Broadcast." 1920s News Articles. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2014.
Women’s Equality The 1920’s was a big year for women. One big thing that happened was the Nineteenth Amendment gave women the right to vote. Women finally felt free with the right to vote. When they voted they tended to make the same choice as their husband. Some women formed a group known as the league of women voters. This league was created to be influential on the government and public by educating all the voters about the issues. A quote that was known to feminism in the 1920’s was “hearing the click”. This quote refers to when a woman realized she was starting to suffer the effects of Patriarchal, sexist bias. A New Orleanian, Caroline Merrick, made a convert to the cause of woman suffrage and she founded the Portia Club in 1892 as an auxiliary of NAWSA. Kate Gordon lead the effort to mobilize women for the measurer's passage and she even organized meetings to educate them on the issue. Lawmakers said that women may vote by proxy, and so Gordon collected around three hundred proxies and then voted on election day.
Women's Suffrage in the United States." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2014.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women's_suffrage_in_the_United_States
Banana, Anna. "Wix.com 1920s Created by Anna_banana0815 Based on Reg-top-menu-3 | Wix.com." Wix.com 1920s
Fashion In the 1920’s fashion was marvelous. The women started wearing things that showed more skin. The ladies known as “Flappers” wore dresses that went above their knees, and in this day and age it was a big deal. The tubular dresses that people wore in the ‘Teens evolved into what was sported as shorter skirts with pleats. Women also cut their hair short to fit under the popular hats. Women were gaining more freedom, and with this freedom they felt more free to wear what they want and even show more skin. Men’s fashion was a bit different than womens fashion, but they both wore fancier clothing. Men wore suspenders a lot paired with knickers and a dress shirt. Upper class men had even changed their outfits two three times a day. Younger men wore dress pants paired with looser shirts paired with it. Suits were more laid back than they are today. They were usually jackets and trousers. What men wore usually came from what their occupation was. Most men were usually always wearing some type of suit or dress shirt.
Katyuka. "Tag Archives: Coco Chanel." Fashion Braggerista. Best Western, n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2014.
Inventions In the 1920s many of our everyday items were invented. Including the bandaid, the electric shaver, and notebooks with spiral bindings. These things we use without thinking twice every day. Some examples of inventions were band-aids and frozen food. Without these inventions we wouldn't be able to properly cover wounds, have a quicker way to shave, and preserve food for more than about a week. These inventions are crucial to our everyday world. The inventor of the band-aid was Earle Dickson. He invented the band-aid because his wife would often cut her fingers doing house work and they found that gauze wouldn't quite stick to the wound. He often tried to make projects with adhesive so this went well with his interests because he liked adhesives. Dickson took a piece of gauze and attached it to the center of a piece of tape, and then he covered the product with crinoline, a stiff fabric made of horsehair and cotton. When Dickson’s boss, James Johnson, saw his invention he decided to manufacture Band-aids to the public, and make Dickson vicepresident of Johnson & Johnson, a famous brand today. Newstalk. "Music of Its Time." Music of Its Time. APQ, n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2014.
Frozen Food Clarence Birdseye invented, developed, and commercialized the method for quick- freezing food. Today his process has evolved into a multi-billion dollar industry. The process of quick-freezing food is to preserve the fresh taste of food when altering the temperature it is in. In 1923 Birdseye invested $7 for an electric fan, cakes of ice, and buckets of brine. He used these items to perfect the system of packing fresh food into waxed cardboard boxes and flash-freezing under high pressure. Birdseye’s development of the double-belt freezer recreated nature’s freezing process and expanded its potential by moving it beyond its limits. The first quick-frozen vegetables, fruits, meat, and seafood were sold to the public for the first time in 1930 in Massachusetts. The popularity of frozen foods grew slowly, and the development of home refrigerators and freezers gave this process the boom it needed. The refrigerator and freezer gave the frozen food storage at home. During WWII, refrigerators were used as storage for tin. The frozen food industry was founded on the principle of the safe preservation of healthy food, and today’s frozen food companies seek to remain true to that. Marzo, April. "Copy of 1920's." Prezi.com. Prezi, n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2014.
Kool-Aid Kool-Aid got its start in Hastings, Nebraska. Kool-Aid started out as a liquid concentrate called Fruit Smack, which was invented by Edwin Perkins, and now it is known as a soft drink mix. As a little boy Edwin Perkins was fascinated by chemistry and enjoyed inventing things. In 1900 the Perkins’ family moved to Nebraska. Perkins started messing around his mothers kitchen by making and conducting homemade experiments. As Perkins dad opened a General Store, Perkins became entranced with the new dessert mix called Jell-O, a popular powder that came in six flavors. Perkins convinced his dad to carry the dessert line in his store. After Perkins married his childhood sweetheart, Kitty Shoemaker, in 1918, he developed a remedy to kill the tobacco habit called Nix-O-Time. Another popular product was Fruit Smack, a concentrate drink mix. Shipping this product was very expensive due to breakage while shipping. Perkins developed a method of removing the liquid from Fruit Smack so the remaining powder could be repackaged in envelopes. He changed the name then to Kool-Ade (Later he changed the spelling to Kool-Aid). Wandersee, James, and Renee Clary. "Human Flower Project." :: Dyed Dextrose in a Smiling Pitcher. HAP, n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2014.
WORK CITED ❖
United States. National Park Service. "A New Orleans Jazz History, 1895-1927." National Parks Service. U.S. Department of the Interior, 15 Dec. 2014. Web. 19 Dec. 2014.
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Resources." Through the Eye of Katrina, The Journal of American History. Journal of America, n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2014. Stock, Cultural. "Music and Dance." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 18 Dec. 2014. "Woman Suffrage." Woman Suffrage. Encyclopedia of LA, n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2014. Fashion in the 1920s." Fashion in the 1920s. 514 Broadway, n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2014. Jennings, Danielle. "Men's Fashion in the 1920s." LoveToKnow. Ghirardelli, n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2014.