Introduction: Building a Results-Based Monitoring and Evaluation System
Box i.ii
Example of Millennium Development Goal, Targets, and Indicators Goal: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Target l.
Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than US$1 a day
Indicator 1.
Proportion of population below US$1 per day
Indicator 2.
Poverty gap ratio (incidence × depth of poverty)
Indicator 3.
Share of poorest quintile in national consumption
Target 2.
Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger
Indicator 4.
Prevalence of underweight children (under 5 years of age)
Indicator 5.
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption Source: United Nations 2003.
of the global community, they must open themselves up to increased scrutiny and be more transparent and accountable to their stakeholders. In this context, they must learn to manage for results. Box i.iii describes the impact one external organization, Transparency International (TI), is having on the move toward accountability. The following are examples of the kinds of international initiatives and requirements set forth for joining international organizations and blocs—and for reaping the benefits of membership and inclusion. Together they have created a global force for public accountability and proven results: • Highly Indebted Poor Country Initiative. In 1996, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) proposed the Highly Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) Initiative, the first comprehensive approach to reduce the external debt of the world’s poorest and most heavily-indebted countries. HIPC also aims at supporting poverty reduction, stimulating private sector–led growth and improvement in a country’s social indicators. As a
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