FIG. 15

Final report - project MOVE 2017-2018

3.2.2 Sport-education domain

The sphere of sport, as in Arts, is an area of learning that is concerned with establishing group rules as the main starting point for social integration. While respecting the rules of the game it is possible for the individual to cooperate in a team to achieve common goals. In the educational perspective of sport, we can identify four approaches:

Psychomotor approach

Boulch, a French teacher had an important contribution in Gymnastic Education during the 1970s and nineteen eighties. His main activity was teaching about psychomotricity. Boulch’s studies helped to build knowledge of human movement; considering his importance in people’s development and a critic to a mechanical point of view of the body and movement, integrating the psychological perspective. The human body is an entity that exists for itself in the world and contact with the world starts from human movement. “The central objective of education by the movement is to contribute to the psychomotor development of the child, who depends on the evolution of his personality and school success.” 12

Constructivist-interactionist approach

Another approach is the constructivist-interactionist, which seeks the integral formation of the youngster, including the affective and cognitive dimensions of the human movement. This approach has influences from psychology, mostly from the works of Jean Piaget, Le Boulch, and Vygotsky. In this theory, the main important aspects are the respect for singular characteristics, experiences and culture of youngsters, under a constructivist proposal. In addition to proposing alternative and directive methods, it allows the person to build knowledge through interaction with the environment, giving them opportunities for solving problems and create their own model of movement.

Developmental Approach Developmental theory is based on associative approaches to developmental and learning psychology, proposing a taxonomy (categorization) for motor development, which is a hierarchical classification of human movements. In this approach is defended the idea that the movement is the meaning, the start and end of sport, and not a function to develop of capacities, although this may occur as a consequence of motor practice.

Systemic approach

In the systemic approach, physical education is understood as an open but hierarchical system, as it undergoes influences from society at the same time as it influences society. It tries to guarantee

Fig. 15

12 LE BOULCH, Educação psicomotora, a psicocinética na idade escolar, 2a ed. Porto Alegre: Artemed, 1988., p.15