designers it has become more about the user and less about the consumption of the user. As Donaldson suggests, “Under¬standing user needs is not just about individuals but also the economic en¬vironment, infrastructure, and society” (37). The most important point for a responsible social designer working in a challenging environment is the immersion with the users in an ethical and not manipulative manner as well as being in-situ, but with a sense of been part of a glocal community. This in itself is challenging, but nevertheless doable. Based on their experience, the authors’ recommendations to other practitioners are: 1) anchor projects in their context without disconnecting from the global community, 2) develop an iterative process and 3) document every move. Art and design projects should try to match themselves to their own paradigms. For examples, art events, like a Caribbean InTransit Biennale, needs to be contextualized, from the design of posters to the relationship between the objects shown and their exhibition space. Organizers should decide what role the intended audience will have: passive or active. If the latter is chosen, decisions about how the art events will be constructed should come from the transnational audiences that will be affected by it. If stakeholders are consulted, it should be all through the process, not only once at the beginning. Finally, every move in the development of design and art projects should be documented and shared in real time with the global community, fighting tabula rasa on doing. Social responsibility is not only an issue of design, but of all creative industries, including art (v).
Amir, Sulfikar. “Rethinking Design Policy in the Third World.” Design Issues 20.4 (2004): 68-75. Print. Archer, L. Bruce. “A View of the Nature of Design Research.” Design:Science:Method. Ed. Robin Jacques and James Powell. Guildford: Westbury House, 1981. 30-47. Print. Asseo, Arthur, et al. (2012). “La educación del diseñador dentro de una práctica investigativa contextual” IV Jornadas Latinoamericanas - Diseño para el desarrollo local [Conference]. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño, Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Campus Universitario Islas Malvinas, Argentina. April 19 and 20, 2012. Web. Bishaw, Alemayehu. “Poverty: 2010 and 2011.” United States. Census Bureau. Washington: GPO, 2012. Web. 22 July 2013. Bonsiepe, Gui. El diseño de la periferia: debates y experiencias. México; Barcelona: Ediciones G. Gili, 1985. Print. Brown, Valerie A., et al. “Toward a Just and Sustainable Future.” Tackling Wicked Problems. Eds.Valerie A. Brown, John A. Harris, and Jacqueline Y. Russell. London: Earthscan, 2010. 3-15. Print Buchanan, Richard. “Wicked Problems in Design Thinking.” Design Issues 8, 2 (Spring 1992): 5-21, Web. 2 Jun 2012.
(i) http://programaacunar.com/web/
Casanova, Lourdes and Anne Dumas. “Corporate Social Responsibility and Latin American Multinationals: Is Poverty a Business Issue?” Universia Business Review. First quarter. (2010): 132-145. Web. 20 Jun 2012.
(ii)Casanove defines the poverty rate as those living with less than US$1.25.
“Countries with the fastest and slowest growth forecasts” The Economist. 2011. Web. 5 Jan 2010.
(iii) Here our use of “design thinking” is informed by R. Buchanan’s essay “Wicked Problems in Design Thinking.”
Cragg, Wesley. Policy Paper FPP-01-5: Prosperity and Business Ethics — The Case for Corporate Social Responsibility in the Americas. The Canadian Foundation for the Americas, April 2001. Web. 14 Jun 2012.
Notes
(iv) For more information on peripheral design practice, see G. Bonsiepe’s El diseño de la periferia: debates y experiencias. (v) The authors acknowledge Arq. Andrés Mignucci’s critical reading.
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Works Cited
caribbean intransit
Doherty, Brian. “The Economist and the Dictator.” Reason.com. Reason Foundation, 15 December 2006. Web. 25 Jun 2012.