ECPP 2016
Abstract Book
intergenerational programs, can promote the wellbeingof older adults, moreover if they have physical disabilities and chronic pain. They are becoming important for two major reasons.First, the aging population underscores the importance of creating opportunities for older adults to continue engaging in society. Second,there is an increasing need to develop sustainable means to assist older adults in need. This symposium presents two innovative projectson the well-being of older adults: (1) a psychoeducational program on proactive aging for senior (Delalu & Aguerre); (2) a workshop forchronic pain patients including positive interventions (Aguerre & al.) ; (3) an intergenerational program in which non-frail older adults pairup with students to provide support to the frail elderly (Giraudeau & al.). The outcomes of the interventions suggest enhancedpsychological and social well-being of the older adults and young people.
IS14B - Proactive coping and positive aging D. Delalu, C. Aguerre (1)Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
IS14C - ABCD (« Atelier Bien-être et Coping envers la Douleur Chronique”) : a workshop for chronic painpatients including positive interventions M. Bridou (1), C. Aguerre (2), R. Jourdy(1) Université Paris 8, France(2) Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
IS14D - Well-being and intergenerational approach Giraudeau C (1)., Bailly N., Prouver, L(1) Université Fraçois Rabelais, UFR d'Arts et Sciences Humaines, Département de psychologie,Tours, France
HEALTH AND POSITIVE AGING • PAPER SESSION P06B - Thieves of Thankfulness: What Factors Inhibit the Development of Gratitude? P. Watkins (1), J. Bell (1), D. Scheibe (1), R. Solom (1)(1) Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA, USA Research in positive psychology has shown that gratitude is one of the most important components of the good life (Watkins, 2011,2014). Trait gratitude is strongly correlated with measures of subjective well-being and gratitude exercises have been shown to enhancehappiness (e.g., Watkins et al., 2015). Because of the importance of gratitude to happiness, it is imperative to understand what fosters thedevelopment of gratitude. In this context it is also important to understand what inhibits the development of gratitude. The purpose ofthis paper is to explore traits that might inhibit the experience of gratitude. We first describe several cross-sectional studies that providesuggestions for gratitude inhibitors, followed by a description of a longitudinal study that more conclusively investigates these inhibitors.In several cross-sectional studies we have found that gratitude is negatively correlated with materialism, envy, narcissism, cynicism, andtrait indebtedness (feeling obligated to repay). For the most part these were moderate correlations, but it is important to state thatnarcissism only correlates negatively with gratitude after controlling for self-esteem. Given these findings, we then conducted a twomonthprospective study where we administered measures of narcissism (PNI and NPI), cynicism (CLOT), materialism/envy (BelkMaterialism Scale), and indebtedness, along with a measure of the frequency of grateful affect and two trait gratitude measures (GQ-6and the GRAT, Watkins et al., 2003). The questionnaires were administered to 138 students twice, 8 weeks apart. We also used theRosenberg Self-Esteem scale to create narcissism measures that controlled for self-esteem. Our analytic approach was to use hierarchicalregression where the Time 1 inhibitor was used to predict Time 2 gratitude after controlling for Time 1 gratitude. Results showed that Time1 narcissism (both measures), cynicism, and materialism/envy all predicted declines in the frequency of grateful affect at Time 2. Similarresults were found with our trait gratitude measures. Trait indebtedness did not show reliable relationships with gratitude over time. Wealso conducted a hierarchical multiple regression analysis predicting Time 2 grateful affect where Time 1 gratitude was entered in the firststep, and all of the Time 1 inhibitors were entered simultaneously in the second step. This analysis showed that only narcissism andcynicism independently predicted declines in grateful affect over time. We then used hierarchical regression to investigate how narcissismand cynicism impact each other over time. We found that narcissism predicted increased cynicism and cynicism predicted increasednarcissism over time. This suggests a particularly insidious vicious cycle that might inhibit the development of gratitude. We conclude thatnarcissism and cynicism are important inhibitors of the development of gratitude. Keywords • gratitudewell-beinghappiness
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