The Pulse of TCM and Acupuncture in Canada
College of Complementary Health Professionals of BC: Introduction and Amalgamation Update
College of Acupuncturists of Alberta: Championing Public Safety and Professional Excellence Exploring the Intersection of Policy and Practice in Herbology
Q&A With the Policy & Practice Editorial Advisory Committee
2024 Updates on CARB-TCMPA and the Pan Canadian Examinations Program
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7
Message from the Board Chair
Joanne Pritchard-Sobhani, R. TCMP, R. Ac, Board Chair, CARB-TCMPA
Message from the Editor
Jennifer Bertrand, Editor-in-Chief Policy & Practice
11 27 30 33
Exploring the Intersection of Policy and Practice
Editorial Content
15 39 Fall and Winter Planting of Chinese Medicinal Herbs
Dr. Lily Chungling Liu, PhD, M.Sc.
College of Complementary Health Professionals of BC: Introduction and Amalgamation Update
College of Acupuncturists of Alberta:
Championing Public Safety and Professional Excellence
Q&A With the Policy & Practice Editorial Advisory Committee
2024 Updates on CARB-TCMPA and the Pan Canadian Examinations Program
Winter 2025
Editor-in-Chief
Jennifer Bertrand
Executive Director, CARB-TCMPA
Editorial Advisory Committee
Kimberley Schneberk, Dr. TCM (Chair)
Lily Forsythe, R. Ac
Michelle Phillips, Dr. Ac (Board Liaison)
Weijia Tan, Dr. TCM
Dayna Tietzen, R. Ac
Antonella Turchiaro, R. TCMP, R. Ac
Design and Layout
Heather Sell, Bizbee.ca
Contact editor@carb-tcmpa.org carb-tcmpa.org
Policy & Practice is a bi-annual Canadian publication. All content is copyrighted by the publisher, CARB-TCMPA.
Welcome to the inaugural issue of Policy & Practice: The Pulse of TCM and Acupuncture in Canada, the new digital magazine of the Canadian Alliance of Regulatory Bodies of Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioners and Acupuncturists (CARB-TCMPA). CARBTCMPA is the national forum and voice of the provincial regulatory colleges for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture (TCM/A) in British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario, Quebec, and Newfoundland and Labrador. Together, we establish national standards and administer the entry-to-practice Pan-Canadian Examinations for the profession. Through our collective efforts, we ensure only qualified practitioners provide safe, competent, and ethical care to patients.
One of CARB-TCMPA’s strategic priorities is to serve as the national voice of TCM/A regulation in Canada. Policy & Practice will support this priority by offering a platform to explore critical topics in regulation, such as
compliance, safety, ethics, and research. This, in turn, will help us to enhance our organizational communications, increase stakeholder engagement, and disseminate information of public importance.
This initiative also reflects CARB-TCMPA’s values of transparency, quality, and collaboration. By creating this publication, we hope to provide valuable insights for students, practitioners, regulators, and other healthcare professionals. Whether you are exploring career pathways, staying current on regulatory changes, or enhancing your knowledge of safety, ethics, and continuing competence, this magazine aims to offer relevant and engaging content to support our stakeholder needs and interests.
Following the launch of the magazine, we invite you to share your feedback and ideas. With your insights, we can ensure Policy & Practice remains a trusted source of knowledge and inspiration to support the effective regulation of the TCM/A profession. Thank you for joining us as we strive for regulatory excellence and reinforce highquality patient care across Canada.
- Joanne Pritchard-Sobhani
R. TCMP, R. Ac Board Chair, CARB-TCMPA
欢迎阅读《政策与实践：加拿大中医针灸之脉搏》 创刊号，这本由加拿大中医针灸管理机构联盟 (CARB-TCMPA) 新推出的电子杂志。
CARB-TCMPA
是由不列颠哥伦比亚省、阿尔伯塔 省、安大略省、魁北克省和纽芬兰与拉布拉多省中 医针灸 (TCM/A) 五省省级中医针灸监管机构联合 组成的全国性组织。我们共同制定全国跨省的行业 入门标准，并主持管理泛加拿大中医针灸行业的执 业资格考试。以确保只有合格的从业人员才能为患 者提供安全、专业和符合职业道德的医疗服务。
这本新出版的电子杂志代表着 CARB-TCMPA 致力 于促进安全、符合道德规范及高质量的医疗服务的 一个令人兴奋的发展。与我们作为加拿大中医针灸 全国性监管代言人的战略重点相一致。《政策与实 践》 作为一个刊物旨在为加拿大及其他国家/地区 本行业及其合作伙伴提供信息、沟通管道及专业启 示。
《政策与实践》不仅仅是一本杂志，它也是一个协 作、教育和创新的平台。透过精心策划的内容，我们 将重点介绍执业的法规、安全、道德和研究等关键 主题。通过这些支柱内容，我们旨在加强组织沟通， 增强行业及相关者的参与度，并传播具有公共重要 性的信息。
出刊这本杂志也体现了 CARB-TCMPA 一贯秉持的 透明、专业和协作的核心价值观。通过这本杂志，我 们希望为学生、从业人员、监管机构和其他医疗保 健专业人士提供有价值的信息。无论您是在探索中 医针灸职业发展的路径、还是希望了解监管变化的
最新动态，这本杂志都旨在为您提供相关的、丰富 的内容从而满足您的需求。
在杂志发布出版之际，我们将继续开发此资源并邀
请您分享您的反馈和见解。我们可以共同确保《政 策与实践》成为值得信赖的知识和灵感来源，从而 支持对中医针灸行业的有效监管。
感谢您的支持和加入，我们共同努力为加拿大各地 的患者提供卓越监管下中医针灸优质的医疗服务。
- 乔安·普里查德-索巴尼
(Joanne Pritchard-Sobhani, R. TCMP, R. Ac) CARB-TCMPA 董事会主席
At Policy & Practice, we are committed to fostering inclusivity and accessibility for our diverse readership. Our goal is to provide content in multiple languages, including French and Chinese, to better serve our community.
Due to budget limitations, we are currently unable to translate the entire magazine into French and Chinese. However, we strive to translate as much content as possible in each issue. Some articles and features may be available in English only at this time.
We recognize the importance of language accessibility and are actively working toward a future where the entire magazine can be fully translated into multiple languages. We appreciate your understanding and support as we continue to make progress toward this goal.
If you have any questions or feedback about translation, please contact us at editor@carb-tcmpa.org.
Policy & Practice recognizes and respects the enduring presence and sovereignty of Indigenous Peoples across the lands now known as Canada. As a national publication, we acknowledge that our readers, contributors, and editorial committee work and live on the traditional territories of many Indigenous communities, including First Nations, Inuit, and Métis.
We honour the diverse histories, languages, and cultures of all Indigenous Peoples and acknowledge the ongoing impacts of colonization. Through our commitment to reconciliation, we strive to foster respectful relationships, amplify Indigenous voices, and support efforts toward truth, justice, and equity within the Traditional Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture (TCM/A) profession.
TCM/A is itself a culturally influenced profession, rooted in traditional wisdom and holistic approaches to health and wellbeing. This shared foundation of cultural knowledge strengthens our commitment to reconciliation, cultural safety, and humility. By recognizing the cultural richness embedded in both TCM/A and Indigenous health perspectives, we aim to promote cross-cultural understanding and respect.
This acknowledgment serves as a reminder of our collective responsibility to recognize Indigenous rights, uphold the principles of reconciliation, and contribute to meaningful change in the regulatory and healthcare landscapes. We invite readers to reflect on their relationships with Indigenous communities and to seek opportunities for learning, dialogue, and action in support of reconciliation.
I am pleased to serve as the first Editor-inChief of our new digital magazine, Policy & Practice: The Pulse of TCM and Acupuncture in Canada. Since joining the Canadian Alliance of Regulatory Bodies of Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioners and Acupuncturists (CARB-TCMPA) as Executive Director in 2023, I have had the privilege of working with our Board of Directors to implement an ambitious strategic plan with a focus on building organizational capacity, setting national standards, and positioning the organization as the voice of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture (TCM/A) regulation in Canada. Following stakeholder consultations in 2023 and an organizational assessment to support the Board’s strategic priorities, publishing a national magazine emerged as an opportunity to enhance our communications and support the safe, ethical, and competent practice of TCM/A.
Less than a year later, we learned that a long-running and well-respected national TCM/A publication, Medicinal Roots Magazine (MRM), would be closing its doors. Following discussions with MRM’s founder, Kimberley Schneberk, Dr. TCM, we were honoured to have Dr. Schneberk and members of the former MRM editorial team join us to build CARB-TCMPA’s new magazine. Dr. Schneberk is the Chair of our Magazine Editorial Advisory Committee, and is joined by Lily Forsythe, R. Ac, Weijia Tan, Dr. TCM, Dayna Tietzen, R. Ac, and Antonella Turchiaro, R. TCMP, R. Ac. Michelle Phillips, Dr. Ac, joins us as our liaison to the CARB-TCMPA Board of Directors.
Policy & Practice is designed to serve as a central resource for students, practitioners, regulators, educators, and other stakeholders in the TCM/A and wider healthcare communities. Each page of this magazine reflects our commitment to fostering meaningful dialogue, sharing valuable insights, and celebrating the work of those who contribute to this vital profession.
Our magazine was also crafted with our diverse readership in mind. Whether you are a student embarking on your career, an experienced practitioner seeking to stay informed, a policymaker shaping the future of TCM/A regulation, or a healthcare professional with an interest in complementary therapies, our aim is to deliver relevant, engaging, and actionable information to support effective regulation and safe, ethical, and competent practice of the profession. We also recognize that TCM and acupuncture thrive at the intersection of tradition and innovation. Policy & Practice will highlight not only the time-honoured practices of TCM/A but also new research, emerging trends, and the integration of these therapies into Canada’s broader healthcare system.
In this inaugural issue, we bring you a blend of updates, insights, and inspiration.
In our feature article, we explore the intersection of policy and practice through an update on CARB-TCMPA’s response to proposed changes to the federal regulation of natural health products and an example of herbology in practice with Lily Liu’s exploration of the fall and winter planting of Chinese medicinal herbs, a reprint from the Winter 2024 issue of MRM. You will also hear from our Board Chair about CARB-TCMPA’s strategic vision, learn more about our transformative year of growth and innovation in 2024, and gain regional insights through an introduction and update from the College of Complementary Health Professionals of British Columbia and the College of Acupuncturists of Alberta. For exam
candidates and stakeholders, we provide updates on the Pan-Canadian Examinations and explore key enhancements to the exam program presented by Spire Psychometrics. In addition, we spotlight our Magazine Editorial Advisory Committee through a Q&A on key topics in the TCM/A profession. We hope this content offers something for everyone as we embark on this exciting new journey together.
In closing, I am grateful to our Board of Directors, Magazine Editorial Advisory Committee, contributors, and partners, whose efforts have made this publication possible. I also want to thank you, our readers, for your interest and support. Your feedback and ideas are essential to ensuring this magazine continues to meet the needs of our audience. Please contact us at editor@carb-tcmpa.org with suggestions or contributions—we look forward to hearing from you.
- Jennifer Bertrand Editor-in-Chief, Policy & Practice
我很荣幸担任崭新的电子杂志《政策与实践：加拿 大中医针灸之脉搏》的首任主编。自从 2023 年我成 为加拿大中医针灸管理机构联盟 (CARB-TCMPA) 执行长以来，非常荣幸与董事会密切合作，开始实 施一项雄心勃勃的战略规划，其重点在于增强组织 能力、制定全国统一标准，并定位本组织为加拿大 中医针灸监管的代言人。为支持董事会的战略方 针，并与各相关方进行磋商，出版一本全国性杂志 成为我们加强沟通，支持安全、道德和胜任称职的 中医针灸实践的一项重要举措。
一年前，我们了解到一份长期出版、备受推崇的 全国性中医针灸杂志 《智慧》(Medicinal Roots Magazine, MRM) 即将停刊。在与 MRM 创刊人金伯 利·施奈伯克 (Kimberley Schneberk, Dr. TCM) 协 商后，我们很荣幸邀请到施奈伯克及前 MRM 编辑 团队的成员加入我们，共同打造 CARB-TCMPA 的 新杂志。施奈伯克担任我们杂志编辑顾问委员会的 主席，其他顾问成员包括莉莉·福赛 (Lily Forsythe, R. Ac)、谭维嘉 (Weijia Tan, Dr. TCM)、戴娜·蒂 岑 (Dayna Tietzen, R. Ac) 和安东内拉·图奇亚罗 (Antonella Turchiaro, R. TCMP, R. Ac)。米歇尔·菲 利普斯 (Michelle Phillips, Dr. Ac) 将担任 CARBTCMPA 董事会的联络员。
《政策与实践》旨在为中医针灸学生、从业者、监管 者、教育者，相关行业，以及更广泛领域的医疗保健 行业提供核心资源。这本杂志的每一页都体现了我 们致力于促进有意义的对话、分享有价值的见解、 并表彰那些为这一重要行业做出贡献人们的工作。 在杂志制作的过程中，我们也充分考虑多样化的读 者群。无论您是即将踏上职业生涯的学生、希望了 解行业最新动态的资深从业者，制定中医/针灸监
管政策的决策者，还是对中医药感兴趣的其他医疗 保健专业人士，我们的目标都是提供相关、核心且可
行的信息，以支持有效的监管，以及安全、道德及称 职的中医针灸实践。我们还认识到，中医针灸在传统 与创新的交汇中蓬勃发展。《政策与实践》不仅将重 点介绍中医针灸的传统实践，还将展示近期的新研 究、行业趋势，以及中医针灸如何与加拿大其他的医 疗保健行业系统相融合发展。
在本期创刊号中，我们为您带来了一系列的更新、深 刻的见解和富有启发性的内容。在专题文章部分，我 们重点介绍了 CARB-TCMPA 对联邦天然健康产品 监管变更提议的回应，并转载了MRM 2024 年冬季 刊刘莉莉一篇关于秋冬季种植中草药的文章，并以 此探讨政策与实践的交集。此外，您还将阅读到我 们董事会主席关于 CARB-TCMPA 战略愿景的见解， 深入了解 2024 年我们的转型，加强和创新，并通过 不列颠哥伦比亚省和阿尔伯塔省管理局介绍的最 新信息获得地方性的动态。对于考生和利益相关方， 我们将提供关于泛加拿大考试的最新信息，并探讨 由 Spire Psychometrics 提出的考试项目的关键改
进。此外，我们还通过问答形式，重点介绍了我们的 杂志编辑顾问委员会对中医/针灸领域关键话题的 看法。我们希望，在我们共同踏上这段激动人心的新 征程时，这些内容能为每位读者提供启发和帮助。
最后，我要感谢我们的董事会、杂志编辑顾问委员
会、投稿人和合作伙伴的共同努力，正是他们的辛勤 付出使这本杂志得以面世。我也要感谢您——我们 的读者，感谢您对这本杂志的关注和支持。您的反馈 和建议对于确保本杂志继续满足读者的需求至关重 要。如有任何意见或建议，欢迎通过 editor@carbtcmpa.org 与我们联系，我们期待您的来信。
- 珍妮弗·伯特兰 (Jennifer Bertrand)
CARB-TCMPA 执行长
Policy & Practice accepts advertising to support the sustainability of the magazine. The appearance of an advertisement in Policy & Practice does not imply endorsement, recommendation, or approval of the advertiser, their products, or their services by CARB-TCMPA, its Board of Directors, its member organizations, or its personnel.
Advertisements are reviewed to ensure they align with the purpose and standards of the magazine. However, CARB-TCMPA does not guarantee the accuracy of claims made by advertisers or the suitability of advertised products and services for any particular purpose. Readers are encouraged to exercise their own judgment and discretion in evaluating advertisements.
Editorial Content
Policy & Practice aims to explore the connection between the regulation and practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture (TCM/A). As part of this focus, our first issue features an informative article by Lily Chunling Liu, PhD, M.Sc., reprinted from the Winter 2024 issue of Medicinal Roots Magazine, on winter and fall planting guidelines for Chinese medicinal herbs. This practical exploration of herbology demonstrates the cultural significance of herb cultivation within Traditional Chinese Medicine. To situate this article within the regulatory landscape, it is essential to understand the evolving context of natural health product regulation in Canada and the implications of Bill C-368.
The regulation of NHPs in Canada is a contentious issue, with a significant impact on TCM/A practitioners, their patients, and the broader healthcare system. CARBTCMPA actively engages with regulatory bodies and policymakers to advocate for a regulatory framework that balances patient safety with accessibility and affordability.
Natural health products (NHPs) in Canada are currently regulated under the Natural Health Products Regulations, which classify NHPs as a subset of drugs under the Food and Drugs Act. This framework requires NHPs to meet standards for safety, efficacy, and quality, with specific requirements for product labeling, licensing, and good manufacturing practices. NHPs are distinct from pharmaceutical drugs, as they are typically derived from natural sources such as plants, animals, or minerals. However, recent regulatory changes aim to impose stricter oversight on NHPs, aligning them more closely with the regulatory treatment
of pharmaceutical drugs. This shift would subject NHPs to increased regulatory fees, more rigorous compliance obligations, and expanded oversight, all of which could impact the affordability and availability of NHPs for both practitioners and consumers.
Unlike large pharmaceutical companies, NHP suppliers often operate on a smaller scale, with fewer resources to manage the regulatory burdens that accompany heightened oversight. This difference in scale means that regulatory costs, which may be easily absorbed by large pharmaceutical companies, can have a disproportionate impact on smaller NHP suppliers. In addition, the approach to evidence and validation for NHPs, particularly for Chinese medicinal
herbs, differs from that of pharmaceutical drugs. While pharmaceutical products are primarily supported by controlled clinical trials, the efficacy and safety of many Chinese herbs are grounded in centuries of traditional knowledge and empirical use. This traditional wisdom is often complemented by modern research but may not always align with the Western clinical trial model. Regulatory frameworks that prioritize pharmaceutical-style evidence risk overlooking the historical context and established therapeutic use of Chinese medicinal herbs, thereby imposing undue burdens on NHP suppliers and practitioners, which in turn may impact patient access to culturally appropriate and affordable care.
In our August 2023 submission to Health Canada, CARB-TCMPA raised concerns about the proposed changes to NHP regulatory fees. We highlighted the risk of reduced access to culturally significant NHPs and the potential for increased costs for patients. Our submission emphasized that TCM/A practitioners, who were deemed essential service providers during the COVID-19 pandemic, depend on access to affordable NHPs to offer effective care. Escalating regulatory fees has the potential to eliminate access to products from the Canadian market, reducing patient access to care and disproportionately impacting communities that rely on traditional medicines.
In addition to our advocacy on regulatory fees, CARB-TCMPA has supported Bill C-368, which strives to ensure that NHPs are not subjected to the same regulatory treatment as pharmaceutical drugs. The Bill repeals sections of the Budget Implementation Act, 2023 (formerly Bill C-47), which redefined NHPs and imposed heightened regulatory burdens. Our May 2024 letter of support for Bill C-368 underscored the importance of maintaining the distinct regulatory treatment of NHPs to protect affordability, access, and cultural considerations. CARB-TCMPA argued that the regulatory framework for NHPs should
follow a targeted risk-mitigation approach rather than a blanket strategy akin to pharmaceutical regulations.
However, recent amendments introduced to Bill C-368 during its review by the House of Commons Standing Committee on Health (HESA) threatened the original intent of the Bill. CARB-TCMPA expressed opposition to these amendments, warning that they risk reclassifying NHPs as therapeutic products under the Food and Drugs Act. This shift would subject NHPs to the same regulatory and cost burdens as pharmaceutical drugs, potentially limiting the availability of culturally important products. In our November 2024 response, CARB-TCMPA emphasized that the amendments would result in increased costs, reduced access, and disruption for small- and medium-sized enterprises that manufacture and distribute NHPs. We called on HESA to reject these amendments and maintain the original intent of Bill C-368.
The next step for Bill C-368 is the report stage in the House of Commons, where members will consider the committee’s amendments. These amendments are not as far-reaching as the regulatory changes previously proposed, but do include classifying NHPs containing nicotine as therapeutic products under the Food and Drugs Act and extending specific regulatory provisions—
such as recall authority and penalties for non-compliance—to all NHPs, aligning them more closely with the regulatory framework for pharmaceutical drugs. Following this, the bill will proceed to a third reading in the House before being sent to the Senate for further consideration.
Lily Liu’s article on the planting guidelines for Chinese medicinal herbs illustrates the practical application of herbology and the cultural significance of this practice within Chinese medicine. While regulatory shifts related to NHPs influence every stage of herb cultivation, from the availability of specific plant varieties to the cost and accessibility of herbal products used in patient care, Liu’s article emphasizes the foundational knowledge and traditional expertise required for successful cultivation.
For instance, increased regulatory fees or new licensing requirements for NHPs affect the supply chain for medicinal herbs. Practitioners face higher costs to obtain specific herbs, which limit their ability to offer patients affordable care options. If certain NHPs are no longer viable for the Canadian market, practitioners’ treatment options will also become more constrained, reducing patient choice and potentially increasing reliance on pharmaceuticalbased treatments.
On a practical level, this intersection of policy and practice highlights the importance of ensuring that regulatory frameworks are fit-for-purpose, particularly for culturally significant healthcare practices like TCM/A.
CARB-TCMPA’s advocacy on Bill C-368 and NHP fee changes aims to protect the ability of practitioners to maintain a diverse and accessible range of treatment options for their patients.
The intersection of policy and practice is a dynamic space where regulatory decisions directly affect healthcare delivery. Lily Liu’s article provides a tangible example of this relationship. By considering this article within the broader context of NHP regulation and Bill C-368, Policy & Practice highlights the real-world implications of policy shifts on the everyday practice of TCM/A. CARB-TCMPA’s continued advocacy for proportional risk-based regulation ensures that patients’ access to care is not compromised, and practitioners can continue to provide culturally responsive healthcare. This alignment of policy and practice is central to the ongoing evolution of healthcare regulation in Canada.
- Jennifer Bertrand Editor-in-Chief, Policy & Practice
By Dr. Lily Chungling Liu, PhD, M.Sc.
The ideal time for planting various plants depends on plant species, local climate and specific growing conditions.
While many plants are traditionally planted in spring, some plant species thrive when planting in fall and winter. There are several benefits associated with fall and winter planting:
In winter, plants undergo a dormant phase where energy is redirected towards root development rather than above-ground growth. This redirection of energy allows the plant to establish its root system before the active growing phase. Early root establishment provides a strong foundation for the plant, enhancing its ability to absorb water and nutrients from the soil.
Cooler temperatures reduce transpiration rates. Plants experience less water stress with reduced water requirements. Cool temperatures often result in higher soil moisture retention. Planting during fall and winter ensures that newly established plants have access to sufficient moisture, promoting their survival and early growth.
Fall and winter planting allows plants to take advantage of the unique conditions
and adapt to the cold, ensuring their ability to thrive when temperatures rise. Fall and winter planted plants have more time to acclimate to the soil and weather conditions before the onset of the growing season, which can lead to healthier and more resilient plants.
Planting in fall and winter extends the growing season for plants that are capable of sustained growth during winter. Plants have a longer period to photosynthesize and accumulate resources, resulting in strong growth when spring arrives.
Fall and winter planting can lead to more resilient plants.
Many pests and diseases are less active in fall and winter, providing a more favorable environment for young plants to establish without constant threat.
Certain plants’ suitability for fall and winter planting is governed by diverse physiological and environmental mechanisms. Plants adapted to cool-season growth have evolved resilient mechanisms to withstand colder temperatures. Planting in fall and winter aligns with their natural growth cycle, capitalizing on their ability to flourish in cooler conditions. For some plants, seed dormancy and germination are temperaturedependent. Cold temperatures break seed dormancy, priming them for sprouting under favorable conditions. Opting for fall and winter planting ensures seeds undergo the necessary chilling period, fostering uniform and successful germination when temperatures become warm.
Cultivating specific Chinese medicinal plants during the fall and winter seasons proves to be a strategic and beneficial approach. Planting during these seasons not only promotes optimal growth but also enhances yields and survival rates. By taking advantage of the distinctive traits of medicinal herbs, cultivators can unlock the full potential of these plants for health and therapeutic applications.
Here are some examples of Chinese medicinal herbs
suitable for fall and winter planting.
(Astragalus
membranaceus, 黃芪, Huang Qi)
Astragalus membranaceus, a staple in Chinese medicine, is valued for its ability to invigorate Qi and facilitate tissue regeneration, aiding in wound healing. It is commonly employed for conditions such as fatigue with spontaneous sweating, persistent diarrhea, rectal and uterine prolapse, chronic kidney inflammation, body weakness accompanied by edema, as well as chronic ulcers and non-healing wounds.
Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus, 黃芪, Huang Qi)
Photo: Eberhard Grossgasteiger for Unsplash.com
Astragalus membranaceus, a perennial herb, thrives in sunny and cool environments, displaying robust cold tolerance in winter. However, it is averse to heat and waterlogged conditions, with high temperatures inhibiting germination and growth. The seeds of Astragalus membranaceus possess a pectin layer, and their extremely hard seed coat hinders water absorption, resulting in a low seedling emergence rate. Pre-treatment is usually necessary for seed germination, except when sowing in winter, where no specific treatment is required. It’s advisable to sow Astragalus membranaceus before the soil freezes.
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis, 甘草, Gan Cao)
Glycyrrhiza uralensis stands out as one of the frequently utilized Chinese medicinal herbs in clinical applications. It possesses a neutral nature, a sweet taste, and aligns with the twelve meridians, making it a valuable herbal remedy for body tonification. Raw licorice demonstrates the ability to clear
heat, detoxify, moisten the lungs, alleviate coughs, and harmonize the properties of various medicines. Processed licorice, on the other hand, excels in tonifying the spleen and supplementing Qi.
As a perennial herb, Glycyrrhiza uralensis showcases notable resilience to cold temperatures. It thrives even in chilly winters marked by significant temperature fluctuations between day and night. Licorice propagation involves both seeds and rhizomes. During autumn, the recommended approach is to select small rhizomes, cut them into 4-5-inch segments, each containing 2-3 buds, and ensure thorough watering after planting.
Balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorus, 桔梗, Jie Geng)
The roots of Platycodon grandiflorus find application in Chinese medicine, where they have been traditionally used to address coughs, sore throats from external pathogenic factors, lung abscess, chest and rib pain, and dysentery with abdominal discomfort.
Balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorus, 桔梗, Jie Geng
Photo: S. Tsuchiya for Unsplash.com
Platycodon grandiflorus, adorned with dark blue or dark purple-white flowers, stands as a resilient perennial herb with remarkable cold resistance. The seedlings exhibit a high tolerance, enduring temperatures as low as -21°. For optimal cultivation, it is advisable to sow the seeds in fall and winter, leveraging several advantages such as consistent seedling emergence, eliminating the need for grass covering, and efficient moisture retention. The recommended method involves evenly sowing Platycodon grandiflorus seeds on leveled and finely raked land during the fall and winter. These seeds benefit from moisture provided by winter rain and snow, ensuring adequate water absorption and moisture retention. With the rise in spring temperatures, Balloon flower seeds will promptly sprout.
4. Bupleurum (Bupleurum chinense, 柴胡, Chai Hu)
Bupleurum chinense boasts diverse functions, including antipyretic, sedative, analgesic, antitussive, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, choleretic, antibacterial, antiviral, hypolipidemic, and anti-ulcer properties. Traditionally used in Chinese medicine, it has been applied to address conditions such as colds, coughs, hepatitis, and hyperlipidemia.
Cultivation of Bupleurum chinense primarily involves seed propagation. The seeds have a strong outer coat. When planting Bupleurum chinense seeds in winter, the extended exposure of these seeds’ sturdy coats to snow and rain during the winter weathering process facilitates the emergence of Bupleurum chinense seedlings.
Cultivation of Bupleurum chinese primarily involves seed propagation.
Bupleurum (Bupleurum chinense, 柴胡, Chai Hu) Photo: Лобачев Владимир, CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons
Glehnia littoralis, a perennial herb, is valued in Chinese medicine, utilizes its roots for medicinal purposes. It serves to nourish yin, clear the lungs, benefit the stomach, and generate fluids. This herb is employed in addressing conditions like dry cough caused by lung heat, cough with sputum and blood due to overexertion, and thirst resulting from fluid depletion in febrile diseases.
Concerning Glehnia littoralis seeds, their optimal planting time is in winter due to their sensitivity to temperature changes. These seeds undergo dormancy and are less likely to sprout under consistent temperatures. The cold temperatures effectively break the dormancy of Glehnia littoralis seeds, and subsequent exposure to warmer temperatures facilitates their successful emergence.
Mentha canadensis, utilized in its entirety for medicinal purposes, possesses properties that disperse wind, clear heat, repel filth, and detoxify. Traditionally, it has been employed to address external windheat conditions, headaches, red eyes, sore throat, stomach bloating, mouth ulcers, toothaches, skin sores, and itching rashes.
Mentha canadensis is commonly propagated through methods such as rhizome propagation, cutting propagation, and seed propagation. The ideal period for rhizome propagation and transplanting is from late October to March of the following year, with a preference for autumn and winter. During planting, rhizomes are excavated, and robust, disease-free segments with short internodes are selected. These segments, measuring 6-10 cm in length, are then planted in trenches. The roots are arranged diagonally in the trench with a spacing of 18-20 cm, covered with fine soil, firmly trampled, and watered.
American silvertop (Glehnia littoralis, 北沙參, Bei Sha Shen)
Photo: Pieria, Public Domain, https://commons. wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2254815
The dried root bark of the Paeonia suffruticosa finds application in traditional Chinese medicine, where it serves to clear heat, cool blood, promote blood circulation, and dispel stasis. This remedy has been traditionally used for various conditions, including eruptive rashes, vomiting or nosebleeds, night heat and morning coolness, bone-steaming, painful menstruation with blood stasis, abscesses, swellings, toxic sores, as well as pain from falls or blows.
While the Paeonia suffruticosa is resilient in cold weather, it exhibits sensitivity to heat. It thrives in sunlight but avoids excessive warmth, with a preference for sandy and soft soil, while steering clear of sticky and hard soil. There’s a well-known saying: “Plant peonies in early spring, and they will not bloom until you are old.” For the optimal transplantation of peony seedlings, late autumn prove to be the ideal periods. Notably, peony seedlings demonstrate remarkable endurance and thrive when planted in fall, achieving 96% survival rate during this season.
丹參
Salvia miltiorrhiza, a perennial herb characterized by its thick and red roots, utilizes the dried root and rhizome in traditional Chinese medicine for dispersing stasis, relieving pain, promoting blood circulation, regulating menstruation, clearing away the heart fire. Its applications cover a spectrum from irregular and painful menstruation to conditions involving accumulation and blockage causing sharp pain in the chest and abdomen, hot and painful syndrome, swollen and painful sores and ulcers, restlessness, insomnia due to heart discomfort, as well as liver and spleen enlargement and angina.
Two predominant methods for planting Salvia miltiorrhiza are root and seed propagations. In recent years, seedling transplanting has gained preference over root segment planting. Research suggests that planting in autumn and winter can enhance yields by approximately 20-30% compared to spring planting.
, Dan Shen)
Photo: Blind Man for Unsplash.com
Fall and winter planting success depends on selecting suitable species and adhering to recommended planting guidelines. A thorough understanding of these chosen plants is imperative for making informed decisions that optimize their chances of successful establishment during winter. Key considerations include your specific climate, soil conditions, and the unique requirements of each plant.
References:
1. Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Committee, 1979. “Chinese Herbal Medicine Cultivation Technology”, People’s Medical Publishing House.
2. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Information Center, China, 2013, “Planting and Cultivation Techniques of Astragalus”. http://www.agri.cn/V20/syjs/ zzjs/201303/t20130314_3272818.htm
3. Chang Jin Gardening, 2023. “Can licorice be grown in winter? What is the best way to grow it?” https://www.cmeii.com/yanghuajiqiao/95606.html
4. Huo Bao Agrichemical Investment Promotion Website,2018. “How to grow platycodon?” http://www.1988.tv/huati/4772.html
5. Tu Liu website, 2019. “The best planting time and method of Bupleurum” https:// www.tuliu.com/read-98427.html
6. Su Mu Gardening, 2020. “Can peonies be planted in winter?” https://m.zhiwushuo. com/baike/5074202012195074.html
7. Huo Bao Agrichemical Investment Promotion Website,2018. “Salvia miltiorrhiza planting methods, pests and diseases prevention”. http://www.1988.tv/huati/1794.html
Dr. Lily Chunling Liu is a Professor, Writer, and Specialist in Chinese herbal medicine. Her research primarily focuses on the cultivation of medicinal plants, the utilization of herbal medicine to enhance overall well-being, and the planning of medicinal gardens and farms.
Lily holds a PhD in Chinese Botanical Medicine, and previously served as an Associate Professor at the Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in China. She also received a M.Sc. from the University of British Columbia in Canada. Currently, she is a faculty member in the School of Horticulture at Kwantlen Polytechnic University.
種植各種植物的理想時間取決於
植物種類、當地氣候和特定的生長 條件。雖然許多植物傳統上是在春 季種植的，但有些植物更適合在秋 季和冬季種植。秋季和冬季種植有 以下幾個好處:
在冬季植物經歷休眠階段，能量被重新引導到根系 發展而不是地上部的生長。這種能量的重新分配使 植物能夠在生長活躍階段之前建立其根系系統。較 早的根系建立為植物提供了堅實的基礎，增強了其 從土壤中吸收水分和營養的能力。
較低的溫度降低了蒸騰速率, 植物的水分需求減 少。較低的溫度通常導致土壤濕度較高。在秋季和 冬季新種植的植物能夠獲得足夠的水分，促進其早 期生長。
秋季和冬季的種植使植物能夠適應寒冷，確保它們 在溫度上升時能夠茁壯成長。在生長季節開始之 前，秋季和冬季種植的植物有更多的時間適應土壤 和天氣條件，這可以培養更健康和更有適應能力的 植物。
秋季和冬季種植 延長了植物的生長季節。植物有更 長的時間進行光合作用和累積資源，使得春季到來 時生長更為強勁。
5. 減少害蟲和疾病的感染：
在秋季和冬季，許多害蟲和病菌活動較少，在沒有 病蟲害威脅的環境下更有利年幼的植物生長。
適應寒冷季節生長的植物已經演變出耐受較低溫 度的功能。在秋季和冬季種植符合它們的自然生長 週期。對另一些植物來說，種子的休眠和萌發是依 賴溫度的。低溫打破了種子的休眠，為它們在有利 條件下發芽做好了準備, 有助於在溫度升高時實現 均勻而成功的發芽。
在秋季和冬季種植某些特定的中草藥植物被證明 是一種策略性且有益的方法。在這些季節種植不僅 促進了最佳的生長，還提高了產量和存活率。充分 利用植物的獨特特性，發揮這些植物藥用方面的潛 力。以下是一些適合在秋季和冬季種植的中草藥植 物的例子。
1. 黃芪（Astragalus
membranaceus，黃芪，Huang Qi）
黃芪（Astragalus membranaceus）是一種常用中 藥，其根乾燥後供藥用。有補氣固表、利尿、排膿、生 肌等療效。它通常用於治氣短、虛脫、心悸、自汗、體 虛浮腫、慢性腎炎
、脫水、久瀉、直腸和子宮脫垂、體弱伴有水腫，以及 慢性潰瘍和不癒合的傷口等症狀。
黃芪（Astragalus membranaceus）是一種多年生 草本植物，喜歡陽光充足、涼爽的環境 ，在冬季展現強大的耐寒能力。然而，它怕熱又怕 澇，高溫會抑制其發芽和生長。黃芪的 種子具有果膠層，其極硬的種皮阻礙了水分吸收， 導致幼苗出苗率較低。通常需要對種子進行預處 理。在冬季播種，種子不需要特別處理。建議在土壤 結冰前播種黃芪。
2. 甘草（Glycyrrhiza uralensis， 甘草，Gan Cao）
甘草（Glycyrrhiza uralensis）是臨床應用中常用的 中草藥之一。它性平，味甘，與十二經脈相契合，是 一種有價值的草本補藥。生甘草具有清熱解毒、潤 肺止咳、調性和各種藥物屬性的能力。另一方面，炙 甘草在補脾益氣方面表現出色。
作為一種多年生草本植物，甘草（Glycyrrhiza uralensis）表現出對寒冷溫度的顯著適應能力。甚 至在寒冷的冬季溫差較大的情況下也能茁壯成長。
甘草的繁殖有種子和根莖兩種方法。在秋季，建議 選擇根莖繁殖，將根莖切成4-5英寸的段，每段含有 2-3個芽，種植後充分澆水。
3. 桔梗（Platycodon grandiflorus，桔梗，Jie Geng）
桔梗的根在中醫中被廣泛應用，傳統上被用於治療 因外邪引起的咳嗽、喉嚨痛、肺膿腫、胸痛、肋骨疼 痛以及腹部不適的症狀。
桔梗（Platycodon grandiflorus）有深藍或深紫色 花朵，是一種多年生草本植物，對寒冷有顯著的抗 性。幼苗表現出很高的耐寒性，能夠承受低至零下 21℃的溫度。在秋季和冬 季播種可獲得最佳的栽 培效果，如一致的幼苗出苗、無需草覆蓋和高效保 濕。秋季和冬季種植方法是在平整和精細耙過的土 地上均勻播種桔梗種子。這些種子受益於冬季雨雪 提供的濕潤，確保足夠的吸水和保濕。隨著春季溫 度的升高，桔梗的種子將迅速發芽。
Photo: Envato Elements
4. 柴胡（Bupleurum chinense，
柴胡，Chai Hu）
柴胡（Bupleurum chinense）具有多種功能，包括 退燒、鎮靜、止痛、止咳、抗發炎、保肝、解毒、利膽、 抗菌、抗病毒、降血脂和抗潰瘍等。在中醫傳統上， 它被用於治療感冒、咳嗽、肝炎和高血脂等症狀。
柴胡（Bupleurum chinense）的種植主要用種子繁 殖。柴胡種子有堅固的外皮, 在冬季播種的時候，這 些堅固的外皮在冬季長時間暴露於雪雨中風化，有 助於柴胡幼苗的出苗。
5. 北沙參（Glehnia littoralis，北 沙參，Bei Sha Shen）
北沙參（Glehnia littoralis）是一種多年生草本植 物，其根部用於藥用, 在中醫中有重要的作用。它具 有滋陰、清肺、益胃、生津的作用。用於治療因肺熱 引起的乾咳、過度勞累引起的咳痰帶血、熱性病所 致的口渴等症狀。
由於北沙參的種子對溫度變化的敏感性，其最佳播 種時間是在冬季。寒冷的溫度有效地打破了北沙參 種子的休眠，隨後溫暖的溫度有助於它們成功出 苗。
6. 薄荷（Mentha canadensis，
薄荷，Bo He）
薄荷（Mentha canadensis）全株用於藥用，具有驅 散風、清熱、排毒的性質。在傳統上，它被用於治療 外風熱症、頭痛、紅眼、喉嚨痛、胃脹、口腔潰瘍、牙 痛、皮膚潰瘍和搔癢等症狀。
薄荷（Mentha canadensis）通常透過根莖、分株和 種子等方法繁殖。根莖繁殖和移植的最佳時期是從 10月底到隔年3月，首選秋季和冬季。在種植時，將 根莖挖出，選擇健壯、無病害的段，每段長6-10厘 米，然後種植在溝中。根部在溝中呈對角排列，間距 18-20厘米，覆蓋細土，踩實，澆水。
7. 牡丹（Paeonia
牡丹（Paeonia suffruticosa）的乾燥根皮用於中藥 中，其作用包括清熱、涼血、促進血液循環和化淤。 傳統上用於治療包括皮疹, 嘔吐, 鼻血, 夜間發熱, 早晨畏寒, 骨骼灼熱, 經血經痛, 膿腫, 腫脹, 毒瘡以 及跌打傷痛等各種症狀。
牡丹樹對寒冷天氣有很強的適應能力，喜歡陽光， 但對熱卻較為敏感, 避免過度的炎熱。偏好沙質和 鬆軟的土壤，避免黏土和硬土。有一句諺語說：早春 種牡丹，到老不開花。晚秋被證明是牡丹幼苗的最 佳移植時期。牡丹幼苗表現出卓越的耐受性，在秋 季種植可達到 96%的存活率。
8. 丹參（Salvia miltiorrhiza，丹 參，Dan Shen）
丹參（Salvia miltiorrhiza）是一種多年生草本植 物，根部厚實呈紅色，其乾燥的根和根莖在中醫中 被用於散淤、止痛、促進血液循環、調節月經、清除 心火。其應用範圍涵蓋了月經不規則, 經痛, 累積和 阻塞引起胸腹劇痛, 熱痛綜合症, 腫痛性潰瘍, 煩躁 不安, 失眠, 以及肝脾腫大和心絞痛等症狀。
種植丹參的兩種主要方法是根莖繁殖和種子繁殖。
研究表明，與春季植栽相比，秋季和冬季植栽可以 提高產量約20-30%。
秋冬季節的種植成功取決於選擇合適的植物種類, 並遵循合理的種植方法。了解所選的植物, 優化它 們在秋冬季種植至關重要。考慮的關鍵因素包括: 特定的氣候、土壤條件以及每種植物的獨特要求。
參考文獻：
1. 中國醫學科學院委員會，1979。 《中藥材栽培技術》，人民衛生出版社。
2. 金農網, 農業農村部資訊中心，2013，《黃耆 的種植與栽培技術》。http://www.agri.cn/V20/ syjs/zzjs/201303/t20130314_3272818.htm
3. 長景園林，2023。《甘草冬天能種 嗎？怎麼種比較好？》https://www.cmeii. com/yanghuajiqiao/95606.html
4. 火爆農化招商網，2018年。《桔梗怎麼 種、種植方法、種植時間、種植技術及注意事項 ？》 http://www.1988.tv/huati/4772.html
5. 土流網站，2019年。《柴胡的最佳種植時間及方 法》https://www.tuliu.com/read-98427.html
6. 蘇木園藝，2020年，《牡丹冬天可 以種嗎？》https://m.zhiwushuo.com/ baike/5074202012195074.html
7. 火熱農化招商網，2018年。《丹參種植方法及病蟲 害防治》。http://www.1988.tv/huati/1794.html
The College of Complementary Health Professionals of British Columbia (CCHPBC) is a newly amalgamated regulatory body formed on June 28, 2024. CCHPBC is the product of an amalgamation of the regulatory colleges for professional Chiropractors, Massage Therapists, Naturopathic Physicians, and Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioners and Acupuncturists. While this new era of multi-profession regulation, directed by the Ministry of Health and ushered in by CCHPBC, has brought a host of exciting possibilities to the regulatory landscape
in the province, CCHPBC’s mandate has remained consistent with its antecedents: ensuring that all practitioners, regardless of discipline, have the competencies to practice and adhere to the standards required for safe and ethical care.
The amalgamation, within which the regulation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioners and Acupuncturists is a crucial element, is just one component of a multi-year initiative to modernize British Columbia’s health professional regulatory framework. The amalgamation presents an opportunity to reimagine all
the possibilities for a multi-professional regulator, including adopting new practices and sharing resources to enhance collective operations, which streamlines registration across professions, and ultimately better fulfills CCHPBC’s core public protection responsibilities and duties.
Health professionals do not work in silos. As such, the amalgamation supports regulators to truly modernize and support teambased care with regard to professionals already delivering health services to clients, aligning where they are similar and crucially maintaining their uniqueness as professions where appropriate. CCHPBC amalgamated the functions of a regulator and is continuously pursuing opportunities to ensure efficient high-quality service delivery. The distinct needs, character, and considerations of each profession remain intact under this new framework.
Another key feature of CCHPBC, postamalgamation, is the composition of its board–now 50% public members and 50% professional members. The public representation on the board was implemented with public service as a primary consideration, which allowed regulators to create new means of fulfilling their public protection mandate. It is a structural change away from governance by registrants for registrants, and a mechanism to prevent regulatory capture (when regulators become dominated by the interests of those they regulate and not the public interest¹), which was a driving impetus behind British Columbia’s concerted shift towards more contemporary healthcare regulation.
CCHPBC is also preparing for new legislation–yet another element in the constellation of British Columbia’s steps towards regulatory modernization–which will replace the
¹ Editorial clarification: Definition of ‘regulatory capture’ added as a parenthetical explanation to support reader understanding.
Photo: Envato Elements
existing Health Professions Act. The new legislation, the Health Professions and Occupations Act (forecasted to come into force in June 2025), is intended to be a step towards the following ambitions, each of which furthers the service and protection that a regulatory body provides to the public:
◦ A demonstrable commitment to cultural safety and humility, with new requirements for regulators and health professionals.
◦ Optimized governance, in the interest of public safety, including structural and process changes to governance and regulatory oversight.
◦ Enhanced oversight and accountability for all health regulatory bodies through the creation of an oversight body: the Superintendent’s Office.
◦ Safer complaints and adjudication, including new structures, processes, and supports for complaints and discipline, as well as greater public-facing transparency.
◦ Better information sharing to improve patient safety and public trust.
Once the process of creating, harmonizing, and subsequently stabilizing the processes that support the lofty goals articulated above is achieved, the next step will be to define and assess the measurements of those outcomes, empirically verifying the efficacy of the chosen approach. Continuous improvement is a key fixture in delivering a higher standard of protection to the public.
It is CCHPBC’s hope to serve as a lodestar for how well a multidisciplinary regulator can work under one framework, with easily identifiable, understandable, and measurable outcomes. The future is bright, and CCHPBC will demonstrate what is achievable through modern health regulation.
For more information about the CCHPBC, visit their website.
The College of Acupuncturists of Alberta (CAA), operating under the Health Professions Act, is the regulator for the acupuncture profession in Alberta. It is dedicated to ensuring public safety and competent practice across the province. It does that by upholding high standards of care, fostering professional accountability, and supporting continued development within the profession.
The CAA’s mandate revolves around one core value: protecting the public. By ensuring doctors of acupuncture meet stringent professional requirements, the College safeguards the health and well-being of Albertans. It establishes and enforces a code of ethics and updates to standards of practice, reflecting advancements in the profession and evolving public expectations. This ensures doctors of acupuncture provide evidence-informed care with professionalism and accountability. This mandate is the foundation of all CAA activities and includes practitioner licensing, ensuring doctors of acupuncture provide safe, ethical, and competent care.
Photo: Envato Elements
A cornerstone of the CAA’s work is regulating entry to the profession. Every aspiring doctor of acupuncture must pass written and practical examinations to demonstrate their knowledge and clinical competence. This rigorous process ensures practitioners are well-prepared to meet the diverse healthcare needs of Albertans while safeguarding patient safety.
The CAA also serves on the board of CARB-TCMPA. This collaboration promotes consistent, high-quality acupuncture practice across Canada, reinforcing public confidence in the profession.
The CAA recognizes that public trust depends on strict regulation, but also on practitioner excellence. To do this, the College actively supports registrants by promoting lifelong learning through its continuing competency program. This ensures doctors of acupuncture stay current with evolving healthcare standards and continue delivering exceptional care to patients.
The College actively supports registrants by promoting lifelong learning.
In July 2024, the CAA welcomed Michelle Phillips as its new Executive Director and Registrar. Michelle brings a combination of regulatory and healthcare expertise and a fresh perspective to the organization. Her vision emphasizes public trust, transparency, and collaboration.
Her goals are to strengthen relationships with stakeholders, enhance public awareness, and build on the College’s commitment to regulatory excellence.
The College’s proactive approach has already set a positive tone for its future. By maintaining the exacting standards expected of a regulated health profession and fostering a culture of continuous improvement among practitioners and staff, the CAA is positioning itself for a new era of excellence.
As acupuncture grows as a trusted healthcare option, the CAA remains dedicated to meeting today’s challenges while preparing for the future. Its participation in national initiatives like the Pan-Canadian Examinations ensures Albertans receive care from professionals meeting the highest standards.
For more information about the CAA, visit their website or follow them on social media. Together, we can ensure that Albertans continue to receive safe and ethical acupuncture care through robust and supportive regulation.
Michelle Phillips, Dr. Ac., College of Acupuncturists of Alberta Executive Director and Registrar, effective 1 July 2024
Announcement: New Executive
Director/Registrar
AQWith the Policy & Practice Editorial Advisory Committee
1. What is a highlight or memorable moment in your career as a TCM/Acupuncture professional?
Kimberley: “The 20+ years I spent working within addictions and mental health programs provided me with incredible opportunities to work in diverse treatment settings, from both in- and out- patient hospital wards and recovery programs to joint ventures with the North Vancouver School District. The countless people I served and had the privilege to learn from, and the colleagues I worked with along the way will forever be a part of me.”
For our inaugural issue of Policy & Practice, we invited our Magazine Editorial Advisory Committee to share their thoughts on the profession. Their reflections capture some of the key challenges, opportunities, and aspirations shaping the future of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture (TCM/A) in Canada.
Weijia: “One of the most memorable moments in my career has been serving as the Chair of the Pan-Canadian Examinations Committee. Over the past decade, I’ve had the privilege of working alongside dedicated TCM/A professionals across Canada to ensure a fair and rigorous licensing process. Witnessing the growth of the profession and seeing new practitioners enter the field with knowledge, skills, and competence has been deeply rewarding.”
Dayna: “An ongoing highlight in my career is witnessing tangible change in a patient during or after treatment. Whether it’s a reduction in pain, improved sleep, or restored energy, those moments remind me why I’m passionate about this work and the healing potential of acupuncture.”
Lily: “Providing community acupuncture in a rural community hall to over 20 people in one hour on a weekly basis in my first year of practice. It was so rewarding to see the general public’s interest in (and their need of) acupuncture when the barriers to access were lowered!”
Antonella: “One of the most memorable highlights of my career has been teaching. Guiding students as they develop their skills and confidence is incredibly rewarding, knowing that I am helping to shape compassionate, skilled practitioners. Sharing my passion for TCM/A with them has been a meaningful way to give back to a profession that has profoundly enriched my own journey.”
Lily Forsythe
R. Ac
Kimberley Schneberk
Dr. TCM
Weija Tan
Dr. TCM
Dayna Tietzen
R. Ac
Antonella Turchiaro
R. TCMP, R. Ac
2. What excites you most about the future of TCM and Acupuncture in Canada?
Collective Theme: Integration with mainstream healthcare and increased public awareness are the leading sources of excitement for committee members.
Dayna: “I’m excited by the growing recognition of TCM/A as a viable, complementary approach to healthcare. More people are seeking out alternative and adjunctive therapies to support their well-being, and I’m especially encouraged by the increasing trend of integrating acupuncturists into multidisciplinary clinics. This can provide a collaborative environment where patients benefit from a comprehensive approach to their health.”
Antonella: “What excites me the most about the future of TCM/A in Canada is the growing recognition in society, with more patients sharing that their doctors have recommended acupuncture, reflecting its increasing integration into the healthcare system. Additionally, the rising number of students choosing to pursue careers in TCM/A brings fresh perspectives and a strong commitment to learning, which will help shape the future of the profession.”
3. In your opinion, what is the most significant challenge facing the profession today, and how can it be addressed?
Collective Theme: Raising public awareness and achieving national consistency in regulation and practice standards remain key challenges for the TCM/A profession.
Kimberley: “Practitioner engagement that supports the development of the profession, and each other. Building capacity through connection, communication, and education are important to achieve this. By understanding how each part (regulation, education, practice, association, etc.) supports the whole, the profession is better positioned to move forward.”
Lily: “Standardizing care for the purpose of regulation Canada-wide—for public safety as well as keeping the entry-level standard of practice high—without sacrificing the uniqueness and diversity of TCM/A. Clear lines of communication, continual conversation, and refreshing guidelines to reflect an evolving field are key.”
4. How do you see the role of regulation contributing to public trust and safety in TCM/ Acupuncture?
Collective Theme: Regulation provides the framework for safety, ethics, and accountability, which fosters trust in TCM/A as a credible healthcare profession.
Kimberley: “Regulatory bodies are dedicated to excellence. Professional regulation holds TCM/A professionals to the highest standards of safety, ethics, and care, and through this, the public is assured that the care they receive meets the highest standards for safe and ethical healthcare practices. It’s a win-win.”
Weijia: “Regulation is critical in upholding public trust and safety. It establishes professional standards, ensures accountability, and protects patients. By implementing rigorous licensing examinations like the PanCanadian Examinations, regulatory bodies demonstrate the profession’s commitment to excellence. Transparent and consistent regulation reassures the public that practitioners are well-trained and ethical, fostering greater confidence in TCM/A.”
Antonella: “Regulation plays an important role in protecting the public by holding practitioners accountable for their actions and ensuring they provide safe, highquality care. By setting clear standards for education, training, and practice, regulation not only builds trust between practitioners and patients but also fosters greater confidence and collaboration with other regulated healthcare providers.”
Regulation provides the framework for safety, ethics, and accountability.
Photo: Envato Elements
5. What do you hope readers will take away from Policy & Practice?
Collective Theme: Committee members hope the magazine will serve as a source of knowledge, inspiration, and connection for the TCM/A community.
Weijia: “I hope readers will gain a deeper appreciation for the professionalism and dedication of TCM/A practitioners across Canada. The magazine is an opportunity to highlight the evolution of the profession, share success stories, and explore future directions. I also hope it inspires collaboration and dialogue within the profession and with other healthcare stakeholders, ultimately advancing the field for the benefit of all Canadians.”
Dayna: “I hope Policy & Practice will offer a trusted space for staying informed and offering valuable resources, insights, and a sense of connection to the larger professional community.”
Lily: “I hope that this magazine will answer any questions as to the need for regulation in Canada, as well as help to knit the provinces and their differences together by providing a national voice in the field of TCM/A in Canada.”
The British Columbia Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture (ATCMA) is pleased to announce the appointment of Melissa Carr, Dr. TCM, as its new Executive Director. Dr. Carr has been an active contributor to the ATCMA, serving as a board member since 2021 and maintaining a longstanding membership with the association. Her extensive experience in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) includes managing a successful TCM practice, operating a multi-disciplinary clinic, and contributing to various committees with the former College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioners and Acupuncturists of British Columbia.
Dr. Carr’s expertise also extends to work on natural health products in Canada, including Chinese herbs. Her diverse skill set and wealth of experience position her to lead the ATCMA with insight and vision.
This transition also marks the departure of Suzanne Williams, who served as the ATCMA’s first Executive Director for the past five years. During her tenure, Suzanne played a pivotal role in shaping the ATCMA’s growth and strengthening its position within the healthcare landscape. Her leadership was instrumental in advancing the organization’s work with ICBC, leading to increased patient access. Suzanne was also a driving force in establishing returnto-work standards during the challenging period of 2020, offering vital support to both the TCM profession and the broader healthcare sector. Her efforts in fostering connections with healthcare professionals, regulators, and government bodies have created a lasting foundation for future advancements in the field of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
ATCMA extends its deepest gratitude to Suzanne Williams for her outstanding service and welcomes Dr. Carr as she embarks on this new chapter of leadership.
The past year has been one of significant progress and innovation for CARB-TCMPA.
As we work to support and enhance the regulation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture (TCM/A) in Canada, we have achieved a number of key operational milestones in alignment with our strategic priorities to build organizational capacity, set national standards, and serve as the national voice of TCM/A regulation.
Examination Standards and Processes
This year saw the successful implementation of enhancements to the Pan-Canadian Examinations Program. Detailed updates on the changes are provided in this issue of Policy & Practice by CARB-TCMPA’s Examinations Director, Brittany Oliver, and our lead psychometrician, Greg Pope.
In 2024, CARB-TCMPA also refined its committee structure to align with governance best practices and professional testing standards. The Board of Directors established a new Governance Committee and Finance and Audit Committee to support its transition from an operational to a governing board. One of the Governance Committee’s first priorities was to conduct a comprehensive review of CARB-TCMPA’s bylaws. Updates were also made to the Pan-Canadian Examinations Steering Committee to support increased member participation and sustainability, and a revised examination personnel structure was introduced, supported by a new volunteer guide for the Subject Matter Experts contributing to the examination program.
In line with our strategic priority to serve as the voice of TCM/A regulation, CARBTCMPA launched several initiatives to modernize and expand its communications. A refreshed brand kit and updated website design helped to improve accessibility and functionality, while the introduction of subscription-based news updates and a LinkedIn engagement strategy increased our reach. Preparations were also finalized for the launch of Policy & Practice in early 2025.
Finally, CARB-TCMPA continued its focus on data-driven improvements, using candidate and stakeholder feedback, benchmarking, and historical data to refine the PCE Program and project future trends. This proactive approach enables us to adapt to the evolving needs of the profession, ensuring that our programs remain relevant and effective.
As we look ahead to 2025, CARB-TCMPA remains dedicated to fostering collaboration, innovation, and excellence in the regulation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture. With a strong foundation in place and a strategic roadmap for the years ahead, we look forward to continuing our work to support the safe, ethical, and competent provision of patient care.
- Jennifer Bertrand Executive Director, CARB-TCMPA
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Brittany Oliver CARB-TCMPA’s Examinations Director
As the Examinations Director for CARBTCMPA, it is my privilege to provide an update on the 2024 activities surrounding the Pan-Canadian Examinations (PCE) for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Practitioners, TCM Herbalists, and Acupuncturists. These examinations are a cornerstone of our efforts to uphold excellence, safety, and consistency within the profession across Canada.
The Pan-Canadian Examinations (PCE) serve as the national standard for entryto-practice registration in TCM and Acupuncture. These rigorous assessments evaluate candidates on their knowledge, skills, and judgment, ensuring they are prepared to deliver safe and effective care to patients. By maintaining these high standards, CARB-TCMPA reinforces public trust and professional accountability.
The first PCE of the year were administered in April 2024, with 342 candidates sitting for the exams:
CARB-TCMPA continues to implement its PCE Program Roadmap, developed in 2023 through stakeholder consultations, a national benchmarking study, and a gap analysis of the PCE Program against national and international standards. Significant achievements in 2024 include:
The second round of examinations occurred in October 2024, with an increased candidate pool of 458 participants:
◦ Streamlined Examination Administration: CARB-TCMPA successfully transitioned to managing its own network of test centers across Canada. This has enhanced operational control and improved the candidate experience by offering more accessible and reliable testing locations.
◦ Improved Accommodations and Appeals Policies: Updates to these policies, such as adopting a social model of disability and developing a compassionate withdrawal procedure, reflect our commitment to equity and fairness, ensuring all candidates have the support they need to demonstrate their competency.
◦ Alignment with Professional Testing Standards: In collaboration with CARBTCMPA’s lead psychometrician, the PCE Steering Committee approved changes to form preparation, item development, and item bank workflow procedures, ensuring their alignment with standards and best practices. In addition, internal changes to the PCE Program committee structure were approved by the Board of Directors to support the appropriate segregation and rotation of Subject Matter Experts involved in examination development activities.
CARB-TCMPA is committed to continuous improvement and innovation in its examination processes to support candidates and maintain the highest professional standards. Key initiatives planned include:
◦ Practice Exam Implementation: In collaboration with our psychometric vendor, we are exploring the introduction of practice examinations that will allow candidates to assess their readiness for the examinations, including providing actionable insights on areas for further study and preparation.
◦ Expanding Test Centre Accessibility: We are working to grow our test centre network to ensure that the PCE remains accessible to candidates across the country. By providing equitable opportunities to write the exams nationwide, we aim to reduce barriers and enhance the candidate experience.
◦ Strengthening Collaboration with Experts: Our Subject Matter Experts and psychometrician play a pivotal role in maintaining the PCE’s reliability and professional integrity. We are enhancing our partnerships with these professionals to ensure the exams remain robust, fair, and aligned with the evolving demands of the profession.
Through these initiatives, CARB-TCMPA reaffirms its commitment to excellence and innovation, ensuring that the PCE Program continues to uphold the high standards expected by the public, regulators, and the profession.
To better serve our stakeholders, CARBTCMPA has introduced a dedicated news page and a subscription service on our website. By subscribing, you will receive regular updates on examination dates, policy changes, and other developments. Additionally, we invite you to follow our LinkedIn page for timely announcements and professional insights.
The Pan-Canadian Examinations are not just tests; they are a vital component of maintaining the integrity and trustworthiness of the TCM and Acupuncture profession in Canada. As we move forward, CARBTCMPA is proud to lead with transparency, collaboration, and a focus on excellence.
- Brittany Oliver Examinations Director, CARB-TCMPA
In December 2023, Spire Psychometrics was awarded the contract to provide psychometric services in support of the Pan-Canadian Examinations (PCE) for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture. Spire Psychometrics is a Canadian owned and operated company that provides psychometric services to Canadian regulators and examination boards.
Starting in January 2024, Spire began working with CARB-TCMPA to understand the nuances of the national exam program and identify opportunities to ensure the continued reliability, validity, and fairness of the PCE Program. Over the course of 2024, several areas of the exam program have been enhanced, such as:
◦ Updating item development and review processes, including translation management, to ensure that items are thoroughly reviewed and securely and efficiently advanced through each stage of the examination development process.
◦ Optimizing exam form construction and review processes to align with exam blueprint requirements, introducing additional test security measures to further support validity of the exam program, and increasing the reliability of the exams to ensure scoring accuracy.
◦ Accelerating scoring and reporting of the exams post-administration to ensure that candidates and stakeholders receive their results in a timely manner.
◦ Enhancing reports for candidates and stakeholders of the exam program to provide clear, accurate, and actionable insights for the interpretation of examination results.
◦ Improving review and decision-making processes to boost efficiency, minimize delays, and reduce meeting times for stakeholders.
The year 2025 brings exciting additional enhancements to the PCE Program, including:
◦ Reorganizing and streamlining the examination item banks to improve usability and ensure the efficient management of examination content.
◦ Expanding the item banks to increase the number of high-quality questions and retire questions that have been overexposed over time, thereby maintaining the integrity of the examinations.
Spire Psychometrics is very pleased to have the opportunity to work with CARB-TCMPA and we are looking forward to helping support the PCE Program in 2025 and beyond.
- Greg Pope
Lead Psychometrician, CARB-TCMPA
Lead Psychometrician,
CARB-TCMPA
Greg Pope, M.Sc., is CARB-TCMPA’s lead psychometrician for the PanCanadian Examinations. Greg has over 25 years of experience in the fields of psychometrics and computer-based testing across a diverse collection of professions, such as nursing, dental hygiene, massage therapy, speech language pathology, physiotherapy, paramedicine, financial planning, and engineering and geoscience He offers expertise in areas such as exam blueprinting, item banking, development, and analyses, computerbased assessment and scoring, performance-based exams, standard setting, and test security.
Policy & Practice invites you to contribute your insights, knowledge, and expertise to our audience of students, practitioners, regulators, policy makers, and healthcare professionals.
We welcome submissions from diverse contributors in alignment with our editorial mission to serve as the leading source of knowledge on the regulation and practice of TCM/A in Canada. Policy & Practice accepts a range of content types, such as feature articles, interviews, case studies, and research summaries, in alignment with our content pillars:
1. Regulation and Compliance: Informing readers about key regulatory developments, compliance expectations, and oversight mechanisms.
2. Continuing Competence: Promoting awareness of competence requirements and the real-world knowledge and skills necessary to maintain competence.
3. Safety and Ethics: Supporting knowledge and awareness of patient safety, ethical practice, and practitioner accountability.
4. Regulation in Practice and Community Impact: Exploring how regulatory oversight and TCM/A practice intersect within the community.
5. Research, Innovation, and Regulatory Implications: Examining new research, emerging practices, and innovations in the TCM/A field and corresponding regulatory responses.
For information on how to submit an article to Policy & Practice, please visit: carb-tcmpa.org/magazine
