Karibu by Cameron Hempstead

KARIBU [welcome]

Bukhubalo, Uganda Community Complex

Cameron Hempstead | Cal Poly San Luis Obispo | Stannard Studio | 2013-2014

ÂŠ 2014 Cameron Hempstead All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced, permission of the copyright holder. For permission, contact cameron@journeymaninternational.org. Every reasonable attempt has been made to identify corrected in subsequent editions.

studio professor and mentor; Daniel Wiens, for giving

for being my proof reader; Stefano Mahande, for being an amazing client; and Serhino Espinosa, for trekking to

"When you have strong common will, then projects go forward. There's nothing worse than selling or convincing, but if you're inspiring and including then it's a beautiful thing, and at the end of it you're part of the community." -Cameron Sinclair

Dear Potential Sponsors, Uganda is ranked among the highest in the lives on less than $1.25 a day.1 According to 2

children attend secondary school because of the enrollment fees.3 have stepped in to help provide the enrollment fees for this type of schooling. Uganda has found a special place in my heart people of Bukhubalo, Uganda by providing time, services, or money to help bring about

members skills that are applicable to their future careers and employment. ESPACE, the organization operating this facility, has obtained 16 acres in Bukhubalo, 160km east plan for a facility that brings the community together through many different facets. The secondary and tertiary), medical treatment and

Thank You. 1

Notes from Designer 5th year architecture student at Cal Poly San

provides sustainable designs to communities by

The information put forth in this book represents far in my career as a designer and has been my

involved in the process. Sincerely, Cameron Hempstead

cameron@journeymaninternational.org

“If you can visualize it, if you can dream it, there’s some way to do it.” —Walt Disney

Table of Contents Uganda Education Status 010 Health Status 012 Project Teams 014 History Etiquette Economy Getting Around Arts Flora | Fauna Energy | Waste Building Traditions

022 026

Issue Culture

030 034 040 042

Location 046 Testimonies 052 054 Climate Analysis 056 062 Cuba School of Arts 064 Butaro Hospital 066 Kutamba Primary School Womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Opportunity Center 070 Green School 072 Librii 074

Site Analysis

Precedents

Systems

Energy Systems Water Systems Waste Systems Program

Schematic Design

Master Plan Cafeteria Design 110 122

Energy Modeling Construction Schedule 142 Detail Mock Up Citations 156 164

Final Design Appendix

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Launching a turnaround takes courage. I cannot measure that ... but behind the moments of change there are always a few people within these societies who have decided to try to make a difference.â&#x20AC;? -Paul Collier, The Bottom Billion

Issue

45 different languages spoken

Muslim

Capital: Kampala, 1.5 million people

Currency: Ugandan Shilling 1 USD = 2535 UGX *Citations: 1

Uganda Uganda, called the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Pearl of Africaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; by Winston Churchill, is located in Eastern Africa at the equator and is surrounded by the Southern Sudan. Uganda is a cultural melting pot that has over 45 different tribes.1 in Uganda, although most of the technology used is rudimentary. many other crops, such as corn, millet, cassava, plantains, and 6

Kingdoms Under British Protectorate

Language Families

Education Status

65% literary

83% literary rate for men

85% literary rate for adolescence

154% primary school enrollment**

16% secondary school enrollment

2% university enrollment

Government pays primary school enrollment fees for four children

50% of communities have a primary school

Government pays secondary school enrollment fees for zero children

6% of communities have a secondary school

*Citations: 1, 5 because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition

Health Status

7.2% adults

30% deliver babies at home

30% contraceptive prevalence use

85% live in rural countryside

25%

14% children

UGANDA

USA

44.5

13.66

11.26 310

62.47 Children Born Per Woman

6.06

Motherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Mean Age at First Birth

*Citations: 1, 5

2.01

76.4

7.2

0.6

1.5

1.2

Project Teams

clinic in Belize as a senior project, a group of architecture and environmental design students from Cal Poly San Luis

university studio hours to humanitarian design projects, 4

engineers, and construction managers by addressing and anticipating the ecological, economic and social issues shaping

ESPACE Client: Stefano Mahande - ESPACE Founder mahande@espul.org Stefano Mahande is an electrical engineer in Kampala and volunteers as a Program Manager. He has managed youth

“If man is to survive, he will have learned to take a delight in the essential differences between men and between cultures. He will learn that differences in ideas and attitudes are a delight, part of life’s exciting variety, not something to fear.” -Gene Roddenberry

Culture

History the region of Africa south of the Sahara Desert. By 300 AD, improved farming

and their animals.7 established in the area in the 14th century:

When the ruler died, the clan elders chose the successor from this group of princes

Kabaka

had conquered much of Bunyoro and had become the dominate kingdom. The roads, bridges, and viaducts to maintain their property. British Coin

the territory to Britain and they established the British East Africa Company to develop protestant missionaries and the French the four hills of Kampala: the kabakaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s palace, the Catholic Church, the Protestant Church, and the company fort. The fort had 18

it became clear that the company could not effectively rule the area and a British The to the British as most of the territory had belonged to Buganda. They insisted on the use of their language, traditional dress, and crops. The British recognized the kabakaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s over his council of chiefs. The British also

to. other kingdoms united against Buganda.

Milton Obote

abolishing

the

kingdoms

and

gave

killed and serious economic decline.7 Amin also invaded Tanzania, but the Tanzania army prevailed and reestablished Obote as president. Obote continued to use violence established as president. Olara-Okello

During this period, the National Resistance the

takeover

and

seized

Kampala

He preached economic reform, anticorruption, and an end to human rights violations. Western countries came to his Fund and the World Bank.7 A multi-party vote as Ugandaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s current president.7 He is currently the longest serving leader in East Africa, having served as president for 25 years.11 He has been criticized for not doing more to stop corruption and for not corruption scandals. There is also concern that Museveni is grooming his son Muhoozi Kainerugaba to take over as president.12 To this day, another group, the Lordâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s continues to cause problems in Uganda

of Uganda, and although multiple ceasecome from them. A peace treaty is currently in effect, but Kony and his men remain at large. Kony has been indicted on charges of crimes against humanity.7

Boy Soldier

Politics serving as both the Head of State and

of 214 elected representatives and 62 appointed ministers.10 The multi-party after a nineteen year ban by Museveni. All vote. President Museveni reestablished the rule of represented by multiple ethnic groups. of terms a president could serve, but the election in 2006 to remove this limit.11 Uganda has loosened controls over the Muhoozi Kainerugaba

a pioneer in the liberalization of the media in Africa. Although the main paper is still articles criticizing the government.13

Parliament

Etiquette Uganda is still a very conservative country even though there have been changes in recent years. The gender roles are evolving, but it is still a male-dominated society. Dress is more formal, pants for men and

having been invited to do so.14 talking, the other person may be very close. Eye contact can be seen

is reserved for animals. To motion for someone to come over, face the 17

The people of Uganda are very friendly, but this can make it more feelings behind the smiles.15 They use stories and proverbs to get a point across and also appreciate humor, but sarcasm does not translate begin, and keep the conversation going as silence can be interpreted

eating, do not lean on your left hand, stretch your legs out, or leave

Time has a different meaning in Uganda and the higher status a person

Socioeconomic Factors There are no castes in Uganda, yet there is still a high degree of social governed by class position. More

by UNESCO. Eighty four percent of the population still lives in rural people living mostly in Kampala, the capital of Uganda. Education is one of the key determinants in the lifestyle and status that can be achieved and although the literacy rate is improving in Uganda, the level of education especially in secondary and tertiary schooling education that is attained, the more need and use of facilities in their community.20 Out of the total child vulnerable due to multiple factors including poverty, insecurity, 21

Dress The Gomesi or Busuuti is the national made from silk, cotton, or linen. on the left side. A sash is used to meters of cloth can be required to make a Gomesi and silk is the most 27

Great Lakes region. The Ugandan Buganda Kingdom by Arab traders. After the Kabaka adopted the attire Buganda men. The Kanzu spread from the Buganda people to other ethnicities and is a national costume of Buganda men. Originally, the today it is made from silk, cotton, poplin, or linen.

for special occasions such as dances, rituals and celebrations.

Food and Drink Common foods in Uganda are starch. The starch can be either made from maize, called ugali or posho depending on the region, or made from green plantains, called matoke.33 Meat is usually beef, but goat and mutton can also be used. made of ground peanuts and the 34

Peanuts are an important staple and can be eaten plain or roasted as a snack or made into a sauce. Other termites).34 Termites are very nutritious, providing both fat and protein, and are an important part of the diet in Central Africa. They are easy to catch at the beginning attracted to light. This is a time of produced food and the produce from the previous year has run out.35 Soda drinks such as Coke and Fanta have become popular in Uganda. They also drink traditional tea and in the region. The most popular alcoholic drink is beer, although A local beer made from bananas, called Pombe is also popular.37 25 36

Subsistence Farming Crops Agriculture is an important part of

earnings for Uganda.30 The main food crops are plantains, sorghum, corn, beans, bananas and peanuts.31 Plantains are similar are harvested green and cooked as a starch much like potatoes or pasta.32 food production.30 Most of the land is moist and green and the area soil. As most of the land is over a 1,000 m elevation, it is not as hot located at the equator.32

Cash Crops The cash crops are coffee, cotton, tea, and tobacco. Mismanagement caused the collapse of the cash crop

delay the payment for seeds and other needed farming equipment. Cooperatives handle the marketing activity and buy the produce from the farmers. Many farmers smuggle their produce to neighboring and delayed payment received from the cooperatives. The government encourage the farmers to deal cooperatives, but smuggling continues to be an issue.31

Getting Around Matatus are commuter buses that public transportation options. These buses run on standard routes but can be unreliable in arrival and a stop until they are completely full, so a passenger may have to a given stop.24 They are also very unsafe. The drivers tend to ignore accidents that can result in multiple deaths.25

of transportation used by both locals and tourists to get around. border, but they continue to spread throughout the countries. The name originated from people needing to be transported across

vehicles crossing the international border.22 border) to potential customers.23

Biking is a common form of transportation in Uganda. Most

Some students that have to travel long distances to school use bikes for transportation, but this is not common.

Walking is the most common form of transportation in rural Uganda. Many people cannot afford any hours to get to their destination.

Dance Dance is a large part of the Ugandan culture. Many of the dances reproduction.41 the body is split into seemingly independent body areas, as Western culture dances.6 Tamenaibuga is a dance from the Busoga region in eastern Uganda. This dance is a sign of friendship and unity. The story behind it evolves friends that shared everything. One

that the end of this friendship developed a dance to unite the people.42

initiation dance of

the Bagisu

to Kenya. They believe that for a boy to become a man, he must be circumcised in a ceremony that is initiation, the boy must dance for become a man.43

Music Music is also very important in Ugandan culture and plays a role in social life. There are a variety of 44

While musicians play instruments, they move parts of their bodies, such as the hands, shoulder, or legs, 6

Drums are one of the most popular musical instruments. They are used for different functions including communication, healing rituals, and ceremonies. They are typically made from a tree trunk and crocodile skin.45 The Nyatiti is an eight stringed lyre played by the Luo. The musician toe. They tap this against the nyatiti to form a beat.46

comes from the Busoga region and is made from elephant grass or bamboo. The node of the plant stops the air and determines the pitch of the pipe.44

holds it in both hands and uses his thumbs to pluck the free ends of

Traditional Artwork

community identity. Traditional art

produced solely for its appearance,

community.6

such as basketry, and mats, pottery, musical instruments used in Uganda is also a highly skilled craft.

has recently seen an increase as it more income on the side. A market a viable option.

Contemporary Artwork Uganda has a history in art education the British colonial rule. A School Makerere University in Kampala. Students came from all over techniques such as silk screening.47 held in London galleries and some Royal Academy and other London art schools. Many of these students returned to become lecturers at Makerere.

of Uganda. Many prominent artists at the University disappeared. The patrons. They not only made the medals and insignia for the military, but also sculptures and paintings 47 Recent graduates employment for students. Many artists became jack of all trades

in October 2012 and they hope it

Flora Maesopsis eminii Umbrella Tree

Annona senegalensis African Custard-Apple

Anthriscus sylvestris Queen Anneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Lace

Cymbopogon Lemongrass

Dracaena fragrans Cornstalk Dracaena

Markhamia lutea 34

Nile Tulip

Milicia Excelsa African Teak

Pennisetum purpureum Ugandan grass

Calamagrostis epigejos Bushgrass

Prunus africana

Tamarindus indica Tamarind

Lophira alata 35

Wild Fauna Ankole Watusi

Baboon

Leopard

Monkey

Mountain Gorilla

Tree Lion

Domestic Fauna Chicken

Dog

Goat

Pig

Turkey

Grey Crowned Crane national bird of Uganda. They live feed in the grasslands but require roost in large trees. The birdâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s long legs are used to balance, and its feet stomp the ground to raise bugs to the surface for feeding. The in pairs, suggesting a prolonged mating pair. The courting process involves a nuptial dance that 60

as the national bird to depict the are hospitable, graceful and can 61

Wild Birds Woodland King Fisher

Black-headed Heron

Little Egret

Malachite King Fisher

Reed Cormorant

African Pied Wagtail

Energy in Uganda is from hydroelectricity at damns on the Nile River. Some of the electricity generated is also used by other countries in East Africa.62 There are currently 12

MW capacity.63

across the Nile River currently in use. each have a 600 MW capacity.64

predicted capacity of 125 MW.65

Waste Uganda is rapidly urbanizing, and 75

There is no national urban policy

the need to avoid generating 76

in Kampala is hooked up to the

families

and

larger

buildings.

of septic tanks from the larger buildings, and cholera outbreaks are common because of this.77

Building Traditions Traditional homes are usually made

are made by hand from local clay and sand. The forms of the houses are shaped like beehives, cupolas or squares. The kitchen is usually a separate building and there is a compound. Wood is still the most common fuel material and most

Typical fences around the rural compound are made from live cacti or plants.40

“I’m not telling you it’s going to be easy - I’m telling you it’s going to be worth it” -Art Williams

Site Study

Location

Site 46

Common Phrases Karibu*

Welcome

The site is located in Bukhubalo, Uganda and is 160km east of Kampala, the capital of Uganda. The main ethnic group surrounding the site is the other groups near the site are the Samias,

Wevale **

Thank you

Kale Mubeyo** Ok bye

serve the surrounding communities. The most

from the site.

Western Uganda

0mi 2mi

6mi

13mi

Health Center II

Sub Parish Church

Secondary Schools

Health Center III

Parish Church

Cement Manufacturing

Health Center IV

Administrative Diocese

Steel Manufacturing

Hospital

Mosque

d Ro a ain M alo kh ub Bu

Corn Corn

Pedestrian

Houses

Cassava Church

0’

100’

200’

400’

Cassava

Site The site is 16 acres; 10 acres is open for development and and shrubs, and the soil is 0â&#x20AC;? to 1â&#x20AC;&#x2122;-10â&#x20AC;? deep before it hits rock. Most of the shrubs are located on top of ant hills slope from North West to South East. This slope comes from the Nahoma hill to the North West of the site. The main road through Bukhubalo is located to the North Partitioned Site

the site: one main path and one secondary path. The main paths through the site are currently used by community members to get from the main road to their houses. There are secondary paths along the edge of the site that can on the north part of the site, and the site is also being used for cattle grazing by the community.

Corn

Testimonies Robert is studying many different subjects in secondary school level S4. His favorite subject is chemistry room had a table and some chairs that he could study at. He thinks that his school is lacking professional teachers and that this is the most important thing.

Francis is majoring in Business Administration and Management at University. He is currently in this the library facility in his school had more computers and books. He book on the computer and then as it is very limited and can only be accessed at certain times by the students.

Dennis is studying Geography in secondary school level S6, equivalent to our 12th grade. His

the library is too small, and that there is no place that he can eat his

trusses and corrugated metal roofs. One of the bigger schools has dropped ceilings in the classrooms, but the smaller ones only have corrugated metal. The bigger secondary school also have three

the schools have overhangs of at

as a social space.

Existing Facilities in Region food is served to the children. There is no place for them to sit to eat their food, so they have to bring their food

privacy.

books and some tables. The books are mainly encyclopedia type the teachers do not have access to the books that they need to teach their classes. The computer labs the internet is not very good and

are lucky to have grass, but others are just dirt.

01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December

Psychrometric Chart

E 10%

20% 30%

S Difference between Solar Time and Local Mean Time 20

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 mph

Wind Rose

Equation of Time [mins]

15 10

Sun Path 5 0

-5 -10

Site Climate 32°C

90°F

30°C

86°F

28°C

82°F

26°C

79°F

24°C

75°F

22°C

72°F

20°C

68°F

18°C

64°F

16°C

61°F

14°C

57°F

12°C

54°F

10°C

50°F

8°C

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

46°F

Bukhubalo, Uganda is near the equator, so there is little temperature the

year. The

hottest

maximum average minimum

September to November and March to May.

Temperature

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% maximum

30% 20%

average

10% 0%

minimum Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Relative Humidity

240 mm 220 mm 200 mm 180 mm 160 mm 140 mm 120 mm 100 mm 80 mm 60 mm 40 mm 20 mm 0mm

annual rainfall 1440 mm / 56.7 in Jan

Feb

Precipitation

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Locate opening perpendicular

Outdoor air must be at least air

Warmer air rises and is let out at pulled in at the bottom and rises as it heats up Outlets cannot face the prevalent Outdoor air must be at least air Greater temperature differences can be created by increasing the height of the stack

58 *Citations: 50, 51

Climate Analysis Thermal Storage Wall facing equator

Water Catchment

3,600m2 gallons Small scale catchment systems use roof runoff Large scale systems use the landscape as the catchment area

*Citations: 50, 51

-Confucius

Precedents

Mapungubwe National Park Center Architect:

Peter Rich Architects

Structural Engineer:

Structural Design Lab

General Contractor:

Ousnqa Builders

Poverty Relief Consultant:

Lineo Lerotholi

building method prior to the start of construction. This method is

building built at the same time. This made the it cost effective to use this system. The project also had funding to provide poverty relief. This made a more labor intensive system a better option. 66

Cuba National Arts School Architect:

Ricardo Porro Roberto Gottardi

Renovation Architect:

Foster and Partners

“Cuba will count as having the most beautiful academy of arts in the world.” – Fidel Castro (1961) The Cuban National Arts School aimed to embody the ideals of the Cuban Revolution by bringing cultural literacy to the nation.

similar structure and ideas, but each manifested themselves in the Cuban Missile Crisis, interest in these buildings declined, and 67

The ballet

Butaro Hospital Architect:

MASS Design Group

Landscape Design:

Sierra Bainbridge Maura Rockcastle

Bruce Nizeye

and reduce the transmission of airborne disease through various and natural cross-ventilation. Patient beds are arranged so they are in the center of the room

patients instead of solely relying on signs.

patients. These outdoor spaces are also used as social areas for patients and their family members.

help build the project.52 Burera District Before: 340,000 population 0 physicians Burera District After: 12 physicians 300 nurses Built Area: 6,040 sq m Cost: $4.4M

Butaro Hospital Amenities: 2 operating rooms 1 emergency procedure room Neonatology unit

Kutamba Primary School Architect:

Project H Design

Partner:

Architecture for Humanity

The Kutamba Primary School is for the education of children energy systems, local materials and building methods, and 1-4. The school employs three teachers, a headmaster, a nurse, and cooks to prepare breakfast and lunch. The playground is children elementary math concepts. The grid of tires are used for games that teach addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.53

Womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Opportunity Center Architect:

Sharon Davis Design

Structural Engineer:

OSD Engineering

Water Management Engineer:

eDesign Dynamics

Water Filtration:

Manna Energy Ltd.

Composting Toilets:

Rec Rec Association

Bio Gas Engineer:

Cret Sarl

Rain Cisterns:

Water for Life

Cook Stoves:

Manna Energy Ltd.

Solar Energy:

Great Lakes Energy

General Contractor:

Three Code Construction

Signage:

2Ă&#x2014;4

Landscape Design:

XS Space and Susan Maurer

maintaining a sense of privacy. The center is 2,200 sq m and The compound builds revenue and support through guest lodging provided for donors and partner organizations so that host a market in a plaza easily accessible by motorists and public

food storage and processing methods here. The clay bricks generating skill.54

Green School Architects:

PT Bamboo Pure

Structural Engineer:

Gadjah Mada University Faculty

Ashar Saputra

structures. The school has 200 students from nursery school to 55

When constructing the school, they created structurally correct models and had the carpenters build off that, as plans on paper did not mean anything.56

Librii Partners:

Gensler Architecture for Humanity

MEP Engineer:

Westlake Reed Leskosky

“One billion people live in Africa, but less than three percent of the population has access to broadband Internet.” -David Dewane

creates an environment of digital and physical resources operated by a staff of professional librarians and provides individuals and educational, informational, and economic challenges.57 from being homogeneous, quiet environments to variable performance, making, doing, observing, testing, and — yes — facility is 400 sq ft.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.â&#x20AC;? -Nelson Mandela

Systems

Guastavino Tile Vaulting Guastavino tile is a thin shell structural tile that is used in arches that are in compression. A method called graphical

method is being studied and built today by the Structural

Energy Systems energy from solar radiation directly into electricity using semiconductor moving parts, so it lasts for decades and requires only minimal be installed in any size necessary, the availability of a sunny roof or ground space.

rural sites, photovoltaic panels can generate electricity that could not

Water Systems Ugandaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s government has spent millions of dollars over several years preventing cholera, bilharzia and 72

There are

that can be used in the area.

as the materials are cheap and the construction methods are is that the collection surface must be kept clean of animal and plant droppings and the collection vessels can be invaded by insects, rodents and bacteria if not kept clean and properly maintained.73

or stream that is upland of the site The initial capital costs are higher, but the use of gravity negates

Windpumps can also be used to

during peak times. 81

Leach Fields to consider the impact of the one of the most important factors of environmentally responsible design.70 cost technology that provides a has already been partially treated in a septic tank.71 The liquid from pumping into perforated pipes

An additional method is to treat to be used for fuel in cooking or lighting.

Compost Toilets The Skyloo is a type of ecological

the ground or diluted and used for

and use on crops. After the second pit becomes full, the process is repeated. Skyloos produce valuable production. Unlike traditional pit latrine systems, Skyloos do not not require additional pits to be dug once full.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The best thing we can create is a classroom that is rich with exploration and discovery.â&#x20AC;? -Emily Pilloton

Schematic Process

The people in Bukhubalo, Uganda do not have the economic means or access to education, health care, or cultural development. This thesis aims to bring the community of Bukhubalo together through a facility that provides these opportunities. It will include a secondary school, tertiary school, medical center, and cultural center.

Regenerate Advance

Treat

Reseach

Create

Communicate Teach Share Converse Calculate Understand Educate Support Provoke

Cure Foster

Imagine EDUCATE

Listen

Program

Preserve

Support

Grow EXPLORE

UniteReflect Revive Worship Harmony Befriend

Distribute

Farm Gather

Regenerate

Talk

Smile

Hop

Relax

Eat

Consume

Cleanse Unwind

Meditate

Dream Reverence

Lounge

Plant

Mend

Heal

UNITE

EQUIP

Gain

Discover

Practice

Play

Leap

Reach

Move Walk

EXPERIENCE Dress Kick

Invent EMPOWER

Connect

Repair

Browse

Enjoy

Dance Enact Relax

Sleep

Relieve

ThrowJump

Re-focus

SUPPORT

Succeed

Engage

Dwelling Nestle

Cook

Explain

CURE

Alleviate

Perform

Act

Entertain

Read

Welcome

Fix Care

Programmatic Diagram easy access from the road for the children coming to school. The cultural center is also located near the entrance so it is the care center is pushed slightly to the outside in case there is an infection outbreak and it needs to be quarantined. The focus of

members can use to get jobs through this facility. The three main

rectilinear footprint.

Culture

Health

Education

Living

0’

100’

200’

400’

Program Breakdown Secondary School

13,350 sq ft

1,240 sq m

11,200 sq ft

1,040 sq m

700 sq ft

65 sq m

600 students Administration

36 sq m 320 sq ft

30 sq m

740 sq ft ea

Tertiary School

6,500 sq ft

600 sq m

2,170 sq ft

200 sq m

Woodshop

1,000 sq ft

Metalshop

1,000 sq ft 1,000 sq ft

Workshop

330 sq ft

30 sq m

2,000 sq ft

185 sq ft

Library

700 sq ft

65 sq m

Computer Lab

1,300 sq ft

120 sq m

Library

1,000 sq ft

Laboratory

3,240 sq ft

300 sq m

Physics

1,000 sq ft

Chemistry

1,000 sq ft

Biology

1,000 sq ft

Storage

240 sq ft

22 sq m

11,200 sq ft

1,040 sq m

Housing Dormitories Staff

2,140 sq ft 1,450 sq ft ea

135 sq m

4,100 sq ft

380 sq m

Kitchen

400 sq ft

40 sq m

Dining

3,700 sq ft

340 sq m

Cafeteria

4,460 sq ft

430 sq m

Women’s Recovery

500 sq ft

46 sq m

Men’s Recovery

500 sq ft

46 sq m

400 sq ft

40 sq m

Cancer Ward

400 sq ft

40 sq m

Post-maternity Ward

400 sq ft

40 sq m

160 sq ft

15 sq m

240 sq ft

22 sq m

300 sq ft

15 sq m

Medical Facility 40 patients

Neonatology Unit

300 sq ft 300 sq ft Pharmacy

Research Facility

250 sq ft

22 sq m

150 sq ft

15 sq m

1,215 sq ft

113 sq m

1000 sq ft 215 sq ft

20 sq m

5,400 sq ft

500 sq m

Assembly Space

4,000 sq ft

370 sq m

Rehearsal Space

700 sq ft

65 sq m

Art Studio

700 sq ft

65 sq m

Agriculture Warehouse

1,500 sq ft

140 sq m

Amenities

3,950 sq ft

365 sq m

Cultural Center

Circulation Storage

300 sq ft 300 sq ft

Parking

2,450 sq ft

230 sq m

TOTAL

61,680 sq ft

5,730 sq m

Systems

40,000 sq ft

3,720 sq m

Photovoltaic Panels

20,000 sq ft

Leach Field

20,000 sq ft

Master Plan Concepts

Culture Health Education

Living

This master plan looked at pulling the education area closer to the entrance, but it meant that community members coming in less frequently had to go through the school to get to the other programs.

Health Culture

Education

Living

This looked at putting the health care center at the very front, but it from the entrance.

Culture Living

Health

Education

This looked at putting the living quarters at the front of the site, but it forced everyone coming to the 95

Crane Concept The inspiration for this section came from my research on the national bird. Through the ideas of

ability to survive. The crane uses its feet to stomp the ground to push bugs to the surface of the dirt and its legs are used for balance.

partners for life and their mating ritual involves a series of dances. Although they only choose one like to be in the company of others and are usually found in a larger group. As Ugandans also love to interesting that their national bird has the same interests. The structure in this section is a representation of the cranes legs. There are four legs in each group others.

Ro ad ain M alo ub kh Bu

03 05 04

10 06 10

98 Master Plan

0’

100’

200’

400’

Cafeteria Design

Kitchen

Dining

0’

10’

20’

40’

Floor Plan

The cafeteria and kitchen building is the focus of this thesis because it is and out throughout the day, and it place that is used to study, hang out, or stay in the shade.

01 02 03 04 05 06 07

Cultural Center Medical Center Cafeteria Secondary School Tertiary School Library Dormitories Faculty Housing

Sports Fields

100

Concept Models

versus stage on one end of building 101

102

Cafeteria Model

arched building

design

103

104

Cafeteria Section

105

“You have to do this marriage between what is appropriate, learning from the local nature, but also can we leapfrog technologies, so we’re not burdening people with outdated technologies. If we can come up with that, then it truly is sustainable.” -Cameron Sinclair

Final Design

Ro ad ain M alo ub kh Bu

02 01

14 05 04

108 Master Plan

0’

100’

200’

400’

Master Plan The master plan includes secondary school, tertiary school, medical center, cultural center, and the amenities needed for running the facility. The cultural center, cafeteria, are the main public spaces in the facility.

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 10 11 12 13 14 15

Cultural Center Medical Center Cafeteria Secondary School Tertiary School Library Laboratories Dormitories Faculty Housing Sports Fields Parking Water Catchment Windpump Leach Field

109

110

Cafeteria Floor Plan Kitchen

Gathering Area Dining

0’

10’

20’

40’

The cafeteria is designed to seat 150 students at one time under the shade of the structure. The cafeteria is designed

be burned to cook the food located above it. 111

Bench for students

112

Tables for eating

First compression arch

Cafeteria Section

Second compression arch

Kitchen

Chimney

Serving Storage table

Waiting area

Seating area

113

114

Kitchen

115

116

Cafeteria

117

118

Final Cafeteria Model

119

to everything elseâ&#x20AC;? -John Muir

Appendix

Ro ad ain M alo ub kh Bu

122

Master Plan

0’

100’

200’

400’

-AppendixExpansion Plan the secondary school capacity to 1000 students and the tertiary to be housed on campus.

01 02 03

Secondary School Tertiary School Dormitories

123

Administration

Classrooms

Conference Room

124

-AppendixSecondary School 25 classrooms, four conference administration room.

125

Metalshop

Work Room

Bike Shop

Woodshop

126

Classrooms

Tertiary School

bike repair shop, and one general

127

Computer Lab

Library

128

Library

tertiary and secondary schools as students.

129

Chemistry Lab

Physics Lab

130

Biology Lab

Laboratory Wing physics, biology, and chemistry the secondary and tertiary students.

131

Neonatology Unit Delivery Rooms Post-maternity Ward Women’s Recovery Cancer Ward

Clinic Pharmacy Operating Rooms Nurses Station Men’s Recovery

132

Research Labs

Medical Facility

operating room, isolation rooms, a pharmacy. The patient beds are surrounding the site or the interior emergency disease outbreak, the and accessed via the secondary path into the site.

133

Cultural Center

134

Cultural Center

community gatherings,

gatherings, school performances, and

near the entrance to the site so it is easily accessible to large groups of community members entering the site.

135

136

Dormitories rooms for S1-S4 students and the for S5-S6 and tertiary students on hanging out.

137

138

-AppendixEnergy Modeling that the orientation of the building

model to see the shade patterns

through the building.

139

Mar 21 12:00

140

Mar 21 15:00

Energy Modeling

Dec 21 12:00

Dec 21 15:00

141

Title

Given Plan ned Work

Flag # Prede Expected Start Resour % Compl Status cessors ces ete

PHASE 1 ESPACE Uganda Pre Construction

6/9/14

Finalize Design and Fundraising Materials

20 days

Fundraising

250 days

7/7/14

Establish Design and Construction Team

60 days

6/22/15

Create Construction Documents

120 days

9/14/15

Submit for Building Approval

20 days

2/29/16

Attain Building Permit

Sitework

3/25/16

3/28/16

5 days

3/28/16

Grub The Site

5 days

4/4/16

Rough Grading

60 days

4/11/16

Install Temporary Construction Utilities (Generators, Toilets, Water Tanks, Etc.)

5 days

7/4/16

Drill and Install Water Well and Tanks

5 days

7/11/16

Install Electrical Infrastructure

10 days

7/18/16

Install Site Drainage and Plumbing

30 days

8/1/16

Fine Grading

8 days

9/12/16

Compact Phase 1 Facility Footprint

5 days

9/22/16

Excavate and Compact Facility Footings

15 days

9/29/16

10/20/16

Safe O

Site

Phase 1 Install Footing Rebar and Pour Footings

20 days

10/20/16

Install Slab Rebar and Pour Slabs

25 days

11/17/16

Install Formwork for Guastavino Vaulting

5 days

12/22/16

Install Guastavino Vault Cafateria and Cultural Center

90 days

12/29/16

Form and Pour Concrete Collumns

15 days

5/4/17

Form and Pour Concrete Beams

15 days

5/25/17

60 days

6/15/17

Form and Pour Elevated Concrete Deck for Dormatories

20 days

9/7/17

Form and Pour 2nd level Concrete Beams and Collumns for Dormatories

15 days

10/5/17

10 days

10/26/17

Form and Pour Elevated Concrete Roof For Dormatories

15 days

11/9/17

Install Wood Trusses

10 days

9/7/17

10 days

9/21/17

Install Doors and Windows

10 days

10/5/17

Stucco Exterior

20 days

10/19/17

Rough MEP (Including PV and Rainwater Catchment)

30 days

11/16/17

Painting

5 days

12/28/17

Flooring

10 days

1/4/18

Cabinets and Casework

10 days

1/18/18

Misc. Interior Finishes

10 days

1/18/18

Finish MEP

10 days

2/1/18

Phase 1 Punchlist

10 days

Site Finishes Complete Site Underground Utilities

142Prepare Slabs For Flatwork Form and Pour Flatwork

2/15/18

11/16/17

10 days

11/16/17

5 days

11/30/17

15 days

12/7/17

Form and Pour Elevated Concrete Deck for Dormatories

20 days

9/7/17

Form and Pour 2nd level Concrete Beams and Collumns for Dormatories

15 days

10/5/17

-AppendixConstruction Schedule 10 days

10/26/17

Form and Pour Elevated Concrete Roof For Dormatories

15 days

11/9/17

Install Wood Trusses

10 days

9/7/17

10 days

9/21/17

Install Doors and Windows

10 days

10/5/17

Stucco Exterior

20 days

10/19/17

Rough MEP (Including PV and Rainwater Catchment)

30 days

11/16/17

Painting

5 days

12/28/17

Flooring

10 days

1/4/18

Cabinets and Casework

10 days

1/18/18

Misc. Interior Finishes

10 days

1/18/18

Finish MEP

10 days

2/1/18

Phase 1 Punchlist

10 days

2/15/18

Site Finishes

11/16/17

Complete Site Underground Utilities

10 days

11/16/17

Prepare Slabs For Flatwork

5 days

11/30/17

Form and Pour Flatwork

15 days

12/7/17

Prepare and Install Sports Facilities

10 days

12/28/17

Install Drip irrigation and Landscaping

10 days

1/11/18

Install Site Furnishings (Benches, etc.)

5 days

1/25/18

Install Finish Site MEP (site lights, etc.)

5 days

49 50

Expansion Phase 2

2/1/18 2/8/18

Acquire Funds for Phase 2

1000 days

2/8/18

Fine Grade Footprint

10 days

12/9/21

Excavate and Compact Footings

20 days

12/23/21

Install Footing Rebar and Pour Footings

10 days

1/20/22

Install Slab Rebar and Pour Slabs

15 days

2/3/22

Form and Pour Concrete Collumns

15 days

2/24/22

Form and Pour Concrete Beams

15 days

3/17/22

30 days

4/7/22

58 59

Form and Pour Elevated Concrete Deck for Dormatories

10 days

5/19/22

Form and Pour 2nd level Concrete Beams and Collumns for Dormatories

20 days

6/2/22

15 days

6/30/22

61 62

Form and Pour Elevated Concrete Roof For Dormatories

10 days

7/21/22

Install Wood Trusses

10 days

8/4/22

5 days

8/18/22

64 65

Install Doors and Windows

10 days

8/25/22

Stucco Exterior

10 days

9/8/22

Rough MEP (Including PV and Rainwater Catchment)

20 days

9/22/22

Painting

5 days

10/20/22

Flooring

5 days

10/27/22

Cabinets and Casework

5 days

11/3/22

Misc. Interior Finishes

10 days

11/3/22

Finish MEP

10 days

11/17/22

15 days

73 74 75

Closeout Punchlist

9/22/22 10/13/22

10 days

10/13/22

143

144

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 PHASE 1 ESPACE Uganda Pre Construction Finalize Design and Fundraising Materials Fundraising

1.04 years

Establish Design and Construction Team

Create Construction Documents

Submit for Building Approval Attain Building Permit Sitework Safe O

Site

Grub The Site Rough Grading

Install Temporary Construction Utilities (Generators, Toilet… Drill and Install Water Well and Tanks Install Electrical Infrastructure Install Site Drainage and Plumbing

1.5m

Fine Grading Compact Phase 1 Facility Footprint Excavate and Compact Facility Footings Phase 1 Install Footing Rebar and Pour Footings Install Slab Rebar and Pour Slabs Install Formwork for Guastavino Vaulting Install Guastavino Vault Cafateria and Cultural Center

4.5m

Form and Pour Concrete Collumns Form and Pour Concrete Beams 3m Form and Pour Elevated Concrete Deck for Dormatories Form and Pour 2nd level Concrete Beams and Collumns for Dorm…

Form and Pour Elevated Concrete Roof For Dormatories Install Wood Trusses

Install Doors and Windows Stucco Exterior 1.5m Painting Flooring Cabinets and Casework Misc. Interior Finishes Finish MEP Phase 1 Punchlist Site Finishes Complete Site Underground Utilities Prepare Slabs For Flatwork Form and Pour Flatwork Prepare and Install Sports Facilities Install Drip irrigation and Landscaping

Expansion Phase 2 Acquire Funds for Phase 2

4.17 years Fine Grade Footprint Excavate and Compact Footings Install Footing Rebar and Pour Footings Install Slab Rebar and Pour Slabs Form and Pour Concrete Collumns Form and Pour Concrete Beams 1.5m Form and Pour Elevated Concrete Deck for Dormatories Form and Pour 2nd level Concrete Beams and Collumns for Dorm…

Form and Pour Elevated Concrete Roof For Dormatories Install Wood Trusses

Install Doors and Windows Stucco Exterior

Painting Flooring Cabinets and Casework Misc. Interior Finishes Finish MEP

Closeout Punchlist

145

Construction Estimate COST CODE DIVISION 1

DESCRIPTION OF WORK GENERAL CONDITIONS

Permit Cost Estimating Equipment Fuel Plan Reproduction Travel Subsistance Inspection/Testing Clean-Up Final Clean-Up Small Tools Misc Gen Condition Trailor/Storage Temporary Utilities Bonds All Risk Insurance Safety/OSHA Permit Temporary Fencing Project Closeout DIVISION 2 SITE WORK General Sitework Traffic Control Demolition Driven Piles Surveying Construction Water (dust control) Dewatering (flood control) Shoring Rough Grading Fine Grading Excavate PROJECT NAME: Karibu road Trench/Backfill PROJECT NUMBER: Soil Treatment Underground Utilities/Water System LOCATION: Bukhubalo, Uganda Erosion Control (SWPPP) UPDATED AS OF: 6/9/14 Undrground 80,000 sf Elect connection Rainwater catchment system Base Rock Asphalt Concrete Paving (road entry) Site Concrete Retaining Walls Perimeter fencing COST Green Roof DESCRIPTION Landscape/Irrigation CODE OF WORK DIVISION 3 CONCRETE Sub Base Forms & Accessories Form Liners (for asthetics) Reinforcement (rebar) Cast-In-Place Conc Tree Grates Caissons Curing & Sealers Precast Concrete Floor Toppings (apoxy over concrete floors) Rammed Earth CMU Grout DIVISION 4 MASONRY Concrete masonry units (CMU's) Brick Stone/Gabion DIVISION 5 METALS Structural Steel Metal roof Crane & Hoisting Misc Metal Fab Concrete Stairs Handrails & Railings Gratings DIVISION 6 CARPENTRY Rough Carpentry Glu Lams/Trusses Finish Carpentry Cabinets Counter Tops Architectural Mill Work DIVISION 7 THERM.&MOIST.PROTECT Waterproofing Water Repellent Insulation Roofing Roof Accessories Metal Siding Deck Coatings Flashing & Sheet Metal Downspouts/Gutters Joint Sealants/Caulk DIVISION 8 DOORS & WINDOWS Doors/Windows/Frames Access Covers/Panels Overhead Door Systems (garage doors) Skylights DIVISION 9 FINISHES Demising Wall Lath & Plaster (stucco) Drywall (green board, x-board, gypsum) Tile Carpet/ hardwood Wall Coverings Painting

ESTIMATE USD

ESTIMATE Shilling

$ 15,000.00 included included included NIC included Included included included included $ 150,000.00 included $ 15,000.00 included included Included Included included

38,550,000.00

385,500,000.00

38,550,000.00

$ 180,000.00 included $ 2,500.00 NIC $ 2,500.00 included included NIC included included NIC included NIC $ 50,000.00 $ 2,500.00 included $ 45,000.00 included included NIC $ 5,000.00 $ 50,000.00 ESTIMATE NIC $ 5,000.00 USD

462,600,000.00

6,425,000.00

$ $

128,500,000.00 6,425,000.00

115,650,000.00

Construction Estimate $ included included included included $ 650,000.00 NIC NIC NIC NIC NIC NIC included

$ $

1,670,500,000.00

771,000,000.00

257,000,000.00

38,550,000.00

$ $

64,250,000.00 7,710,000.00

$ 125,000.00 included NIC $ 120,000.00 included NIC

321,250,000.00

308,400,000.00

$ 35,000.00 NIC NIC included NIC NIC NIC $ 35,000.00 $ 10,000.00 NIC

89,950,000.00

$ $

89,950,000.00 25,700,000.00

$ $ NIC NIC

$ $

642,500,000.00 12,850,000.00

NIC $ 100,000.00 Included $ 15,000.00 included $ 25,000.00 $ 3,000.00

250,000.00 5,000.00

included $ 150,000.00 NIC NIC NIC NIC $ 20,000.00

SubTotal USD 180,000.00

TOTAL SHILLINGS 462,600,000.00

342,500.00

880,225,000.00

SubTotal USD 650,000.00

TOTAL SHILLINGS 1,670,500,000.00

300,000.00

771,000,000.00

143,000.00

367,510,000.00

245,000.00

629,650,000.00

80,000.00

205,600,000.00

255,000.00

655,350,000.00

170,000.00

436,900,000.00

Page 1

385,500,000.00

51,400,000.00

NOTES

12,850,000.00 128,500,000.00 ESTIMATE 12,850,000.00 Shilling

NIC $ 300,000.00 NIC

3,200,450.00

NOTES

-AppendixConstruction Estimate

PROJECT NAME:

Karibu

PROJECT NUMBER: LOCATION: Bukhubalo, Uganda UPDATED AS OF: 6/9/14 80,000 sf

Construction Estimate COST CODE DIVISION 10

DIVISION 11

DIVISION 12

DIVISION 13 DIVISION 14 DIVISION 15

DIVISION 16

DESCRIPTION OF WORK SPECIALTIES Blackboards (classrooms) Bulletin/Tack Boards (classrooms) School desks and chairs Toilet partitions Bumper/Corner Guards Flagpoles Exterior Signage Interior Signage Fire Extinguishers Fire Extinguisher Cabinets Prefab Awnings Mail Boxes FRP Screen (bathroom walls) Metal Shelving Wood Shelving Toilet Accessories EQUIPMENT Audio Video Screens/TV's Coax/Antenna/BTS Food/Kitchen Service Appliances Sports Equipment Hood/Vent Systems Office Furnishings FURNISHINGS Window Coverings Bunk beds Art work Office Furniture SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION Fire/Security System CONVEYING SYSTEMS Scaffolding Elevator MECHANICAL WORK Fire Protection sprinklers Plumbing Cable/Coax Cover HVAC (each house) Air Test & Balance ELECTRICAL Electrical Fiberoptic Internet System Generators Lighting Data & Communication Audio/Video/CCTV Fire Alarm

ESTIMATE USD

ESTIMATE Shilling $

By Owner By Owner By Owner By Owner By Owner By Owner By Owner By Owner $ 1,500.00 NIC Included By Owner By Owner By Owner By Owner $ 2,500.00

3,855,000.00

6,425,000.00

SubTotal USD 4,000.00

TOTAL SHILLINGS 10,280,000.00

By Owner By Owner By Owner By Owner By Owner By Owner By Owner By Owner By Owner By Owner By Owner $

NIC Included NIC NIC $ NIC NIC NIC

140,000.00

359,800,000.00

$ 400,000.00 NIC NIC Included NIC NIC NIC

1,028,000,000.00

140,000.00

359,800,000.00

400,000.00

1,028,000,000.00

$ 2,909,500.00 $ 3,200,450.00

7,477,415,000.00

SUBTOTAL General Contractor Engineering Arhictecture Misc. Subconsultants Subtotal SUBTOTAL Grand Total SF $/SF TOTAL

$ $ $ $ $

116,380.00 29,095.00 87,285.00 58,190.00 290,950.00

80,000 40.01

147

148

-AppendixCafeteria Detail Three layers First layer attached

made on concrete

of paris and subsequent layers attached Cement Secondary structure to help hold during construction

Tie back to concrete foundation

149

the structure to create the perfect curve and used this to model the detail curve.

150

Full Scale Detail Mock Up

an hour.

The bricks are able to support themselves until the form is it is being built, it is harder for it to support itself at such an angle. More sure that the one point of connection did not snap. 151

152

-AppendixLight Together members is essential to learning and and adults. This piece brings people together by requiring interaction a common object and goal: light. We spend our evenings surrounded by

The paper used in the lamp shade is made from recycled Mustang Daily steps required to make a material day lives.

153

154

155

156

-AppendixCitations 1

“The World Factbook.” Central Intelligence Agency, n.d. Web. 1 Oct.

“Uganda.” UNAIDS.

3 4 5

6 7

Uganda National Household Survey. Rep. Kampala: Uganda Bureau of Statistics, 2010. Uganda Bureau of Statistics, Nov. 2010. Web. 12 Nov.

Cultural Atlas of Africa. “Uganda.” Info Please.

Byrnes, Rita M., ed. Uganda: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the

”History of Uganda.” History World. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov.

”Culture of Uganda.” Countries and Their Cultures. N.p., n.d. Web. 13

”Uganda.” Our Africa.

BBC News. BBC, 21

”Uganda.” Our Africa. 157

”Uganda Culture, Customs & Etiquette.” Culture Crossing. N.p.,

”Culture of Uganda.” Countries and Their Cultures. N.p., n.d. Web. 13

UNESCO Institute for Statistics. United Nations,

Uganda National Household Survey. Rep. Kampala: Uganda Bureau of Statistics, 2010. Uganda Bureau of Statistics, Nov. 2010. Web. 12 Nov.

”Save the Children.” Save the Children. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2013.

“Bodas Take Over Road.” New Vision. N.p., n.d. Web. 13

Gersh, Heather. “What’s a BodaBoda?” BodaBodaYoga. N.p., n.d. Web.

158

New York Times

Web log post. Abbey Kibirige Semuwemba.

Pulse.

Sept. 2012. Web. 1 Nov. 2013.

Daily Monitor.

”Traditional Costumes of the Uganda People.” Face Music. N.p., n.d.

Agricultural Opportunities in Uganda. Rep. National Department of

”Uganda Crops.” Country Studies. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2013.

”Climate & Agriculture.” Our Africa. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2013.

“Food and Daily Life.” Our Africa. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2013.

Bodenheimer, F. S. Insects as Human Food. Print.

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”Uganda Food and Drink.” World Travel Guide. N.p., n.d. Web. 13

Steiner, Hermelinde. “Traditional Crafts of the Uganda People.” Face Music.

Uganda National Household Survey. Rep. Kampala: Uganda Bureau of Statistics, 2010. Uganda Bureau of Statistics, Nov. 2010. Web. 12 Nov.

“The Typical House in Rural Uganda.” Nomadic Vignette. N.p., 21

“Uganda’s Traditional Dances.” Prime Uganda Safaris. N.p., n.d. Web.

“Traditional Dance of the Uganda People.” Face Music. N.p., n.d. Web.

Kemigisha, Maclynn. “Uganda’s Traditional Dances.” The Ugandan [Kampala] n.d.: n. pag. Web. 13 Oct. 2013.

Face Music. N.p.,

“Ugandan Drums.” Abantu Arts.

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”Ugandan Art.” Guruve.

Hyperallergic Kampala Contemporary Art Festival.

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MASS Design Group. Empowering Architecture: The Butaro Hospital, Rwanda. Boston, MA: MASS Design Group, 2011. Print.

“Project H Builds Their First Learning Landscape in Uganda.” In Habitat

ArchDaily.

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International Crane Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web.

“Nalubaale Dam, Uganda.” Earth Observatory. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Mar.

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All

Africa.

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Gensch, Robert, and Niels Sacher. “Leach Fields.” Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management Toolbox. 2014.

“KAMPALA : Sanitation Status.” IWA Water Wiki.

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163

164

-AppendixImage Credits 1 14

20 20 20 21 21 21 23 24 25 25 25 25 25 27 27 27 27

30 30 30 30 30 31 31 32 32 32 32 32 32 33 33 33 34 34

Wikimedia Commons Mark Dingemanse Wikimedia Commons Afritorial Matt and Leela Probert Daily Monitor The Telegraph AP Photo Thomas Tanaka Stuart Price Marcus Bleasdale Risdel Kasasira The Promota Geoffrey Seruyange Wandering Feet Leo Dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Lion Sarah Commerford Dan Rosenburg Mark Skipper Eye Ubiquitous Our Africa Happy Tours Robert Donahue Adriana Dutch Gorilla Safari Tours Spirit of Uganda MeduProf George F. Mobley Singing Wells Face Music Uganda Crafts 2000 Francine Orr Lauren Himiak O. Rampete Edirisa Archives Tourism Uganda Henry Munyaradzi Byson Amuses Marco Schmidt 165

34 34 35 35 36 36 36 36 37 37

Forest and Kim Star Tatiana Gerus Fenrith B. Navez Charlie Gross The Far Horizons World Wild Life Cody Pope Halloran Al Petley

40 40 41 41 42 42 42

61 62 64 64 65 66 70 72 72 74 77

121

166

Fredrick Onyango UEnergy Danalynn & Chris Adam Cohn Stefan Laketa Eldson Chagara Sun, Wind, and Light BRAE Design Build BLUFF Frank Ching Thomas Wood Elizabeth Felichella Norma Barbacci Ricardo Porro

Elizabeth Felichella Green School Gensler Block Research Group WBDG Dennis Schroeder Arkitrek Peter Morgan Samantha Chesler Leiman All other photos taken by Cameron Hempstead, Serhino Espinosa, or the kids of Bukhubalo using our cameras.

164