Key to Exercises Unit 44
45.3
44.1 1 an 2 a 3 an 4 a 5 a (‘MiG’ is said /mɪg/) 6 an 7 an 8 a 9 an 10 a 11 a 12 an 13 an 14 a
44.2 1 one a 2 ✓ 3 a one 4 one an 5 ✓ 6 one a 7 one a (‘one’ would imply ‘one and no more’; ‘a’ is more likely if this is a more general invitation to ‘have some cake’) 8 ✓ (‘one’ implies ‘one and only one’) 9 ✓ (both ‘one’ and ‘a’ are possible) 10 one a 11 one a (‘one’ would emphasise the number and seems less likely than ‘a’ in this context) 12 ✓ (both ‘one’ and ‘a’ are possible) 13 a one 14 one a 15 a one 16 ✓ (both ‘one’ and ‘a’ are possible)
44.3 1 one / a 2 one 3 one 4 one / an 5 a 6 one
7 one / a 8 an 9 one 10 one 11 one / a 12 A
Unit 45 45.1 1 2 3 4
a the world b a world a a bright future b the future a the past b a past a a deserted beach b the beach (‘a beach’ is also possible here, meaning a particular but unspecified beach)
45.2 1 a customer 2 the individual / an individual (similar meaning) 3 the car 4 The television 5 the smoker
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2 pleasure 3 a sound 4 grammar 5 iron 6 Sound
4 7 a real pleasure 8 a grammar 9 an iron 10 conversation
Unit 46
5 6
46.1 1 an author 2 the a / – minister 3 a Mac 4 Not the George Clooney 5 a Van Gogh 6 ✓ 7 the Nielsens 8 the a / – Usain Bolt
46.2 1 a / the / – (‘a’ suggests that there are a number of marketing advisers; ‘the’ or ‘–’ indicate that there is only one) 2 the / – 3 the / – 4 the / – (in journalism) 5 – 6 – ; – 7 – 8 A / –
46.3 1 the 2 (the) 3 (the) 4 the
5 (the) 6 (the) 7 the 8 the
46.4 1 this / a 2 – 3 – (‘this’ would be unlikely here as the paint is not the topic of what comes next) 4 the / – 5 a / – 6 a 7 the 8 a / this (‘this’ introduces the woman as the focus of the next part of the story) 9 the / – 10 the / –
Unit 47 47.1 1 a Children (a general reference; specific children are not referred to) b the children (a specific reference, probably to my/our children) 2 a the agriculture (a reference to the agriculture in a specific area) b agriculture (a general reference) 3 a islands (reference to islands generally) b The islands (reference to a specific group of islands)
7 8
a the holidays (specific reference; the holidays that are coming soon) b Holidays (a general reference to holidays in this part of the world) a rain (a general reference) b the rain (reference to a specific, understood period of rain) a the money (reference to a specific, understood sum of money) b money (an observation on the effect of money generally) a Parents (= a general reference) b The parents (a specific reference to particular parents) a the fire (reference to a specific fire) b fire (a general reference)
47.2 1 – (‘all afternoon’ is more likely than ‘all the afternoon’) 2 a 3 the 4 the 5 the 6 – 7 the 8 – 9 the / – (‘the winter’ might imply ‘the coming winter’. However, both ‘winter’ and ‘the winter’ might be a generalisation meaning ‘any winter’) 10 a
47.3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
an email by car / by air the air the post / an email by post / by email the car by email by air
Unit 48 48.1 1 some books 2 some 3 some 4 ✓ 5 Some sports 6 ✓ 7 some 8 Some children
48.2 Suggested answers are given 2 Some 30% of all city buses have been found to be unsafe. 3 An unexploded bomb has been found some five miles from the centre of Newham. 4 Some 25% of electricity will come from wind energy by 2025. 5 Some 200 jobs are to be lost at the Encon steelworks.