pdf-file-bangla-bacoron-8 by Atiq Isamee

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m~wPcÎ µwgK bs 1.1 1.2 1.3 2.1 2.2 3.1 3.2 4. 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 5. 5.1 5.2 6. 6.1 6.2 6.3 7. 7.1 8. 8.1 9.

cvV wk‡ivbvg

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1 2 3 9 14 16 21 25 26 29 33 36 38 40 42 42 48 48 52 55 56 57 58 61 62 66 66 71

µwgK bs 9.1 9.2 10. 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4

5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14

cvV wk‡ivbvg

c„ôv

eY©vbyµg fzw³ I kxl© kã kãv_© GKB kã wewfbœ A‡_© cÖ‡qvM K‡i evK¨ iPbv mgv_©K kã cÖ‡qv‡M evK¨ iPbv wecixZv_©K kã cÖ‡qv‡M evK¨ iPbv evMaviv wbwg©wZ I Abyaveb kw³ mvivsk I mvigg© fvem¤cÖmviY cÎ iPbv : e¨w³MZ cÎ Av‡e`b cÎ wbgš¿Y cÎ cÖeÜ iPbv evsjv‡`‡ki loFZy evsjv beel© weRq w`em †Uª‡b ågY gyw³hy× hv`yNi Avgvi †Q‡j‡ejv evsjv‡`‡ki K…lK ˆ`bw›`b Rxeb I weÁvb QvÎ Rxe‡bi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ kª‡gi gh©v`v cvVvMv‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Kg©gyLx wk¶v Aa¨emvq ¯^‡`k †cÖg

71 72 74 74 81 87 88 92 93 97 102 106 110 112 114 115 117 119 122 123 125 126 128 130 131 133 135

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`

fvlv 1. 1.1 1.2 1.3

fvlv fvlv gvZ…fvlv I ivóªfvlv mvay I PwjZ ixwZi cv_©K¨ Kg©-Abykxjb

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evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

cï-cvwLi WvK I gvby‡li fvlvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ GLv‡bB| gvbyl G‡Ki ci GK A_©‡evaK kãRy‡o evK¨ ˆZwi K‡i| ev‡Kï ci evK¨ mvwR‡q G‡Ki g‡bi fve A‡bï Kv‡Q cÖKvk K‡i| GB ÿgZv cï-cvwLi g‡a¨ †bB| cï-cvwL bvbv AvIqvR K‡i wVKB, wKšÍy Zv fvlvi aŸwb, kã I ev‡Kï g‡Zv †Kv‡bv welq ev aviYv‡K avivevwnKfv‡e ¯úó Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| †mRb¨ cï-cvwLi WvK fvlv bq| ¯’vb, Kvj I mgvR‡f‡` fvlvi i~c‡f` nq e‡j c„w_exi me †`‡ki me Rb‡Mvôxi gvby‡li fvlv GK bq| Avevi GKB fvlvi GK nvRvi eQi Av‡Mi i~c Avi AvR‡Ki i~c ûeû †g‡j bv| †hgb, evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk gvby‡li fvlv evsjv, wKšÍy Bsj¨v‡Ûi gvby‡li fvlv Bs‡iwR, d«v‡Ýi gvby‡li fvlv divwm, Pxb †`‡ki AwaKvsk gvby‡li fvlv g¨vÛvwib BZ¨vw`| Avevi evsjv‡`‡k evsjvi cvkvcvwk PvKgv Rb‡Mvôx wbR¯^ Pvsgv fvlvq, Mv‡iv Rb‡Mvôx Zv‡ì AvwPK fvlvq K_v e‡j| cuvP kZ eQi Av‡Mi evsjv fvlv Ges AvR‡Ki evsjv fvlvI ûeû GK bq| mgq AwZevwnZ nIqvi Kvi‡Y fvlvi~‡ci GB cwieZ©b nq| GB cwieZ©bkxjZvi Kvi‡Y fvlv‡K cÖengvb b`xi m‡½ Zzjbv Kiv nq| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ g‡bi fve‡K cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ wewfbœ gvbemgv‡R wfbœ wfbœ †`‡k bvbv iK‡gi kã eënvi K‡i| G¸‡jvB G‡KK †`‡k G‡KK iKg fvlvi Rb¥ w`‡q‡Q| c„w_exi †Kv‡bv fvlvB w¯’i _v‡K bv| fvlv w¯’i n‡q †M‡j Zv g„Zfvlvq cwiYZ nq| c„w_ex‡Z mv‡o wZb nvRv‡ii KvQvKvwQ fvlv cÖPwjZ Av‡Q|

1.2 gvZ…fvlv I ivóªfvlv K. gvZ…fvlv : gvbyl R‡b¥i ci mvaviYZ cÖ_‡g Zvi gv‡qi Kv‡Q cÖwZcvwjZ nq, ZviB K_v †k‡L| ZvB Rb¥jMœ †_‡K ¯^vfvweKfv‡e gvbyl wb‡Ri gv‡qi Kv‡Q †h-fvlvwU wkÿv cvq, Zv‡KB Zvi ÔgvZ…fvlvÕ e‡j| GwU GKwU aviYvi cÖKvkgvÎ| ZvB †h wkïi gv Zvi Rb¥-gyn~‡Z©B g„Zz¨eiY K‡i, †mB wkï hLb eo nq, †m wcZv ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Awffve‡Ki ZË¡veav‡b eo n‡jI Zvi gy‡Li mvaviY fvlv‡K ÔgvZ…fvlvÕB e‡j| evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk gvbyl R‡b¥i ci gv‡qi †Kv‡j Ges gv‡qi evsjv †ev‡j eo nq| evOvwj gv‡qi GB eywj evsjv| ZvB evOvwj RvwZi gvZ…fvlv evsjv| Avevi evsjv‡`‡k A‡bK ¶z`ª RvwZ‡Mvôx evm K‡i| Zv‡`iI c„_K gvZ…fvlv Av‡Q| evsjv‡`k QvovI fvi‡Zi cwðge½, wÎcyiv, Avmvg, wenvi, Dwol¨v, SvoLÊ ivR¨; gvqvbgv‡ii ivLvBb ivR¨ BZ¨vw` ¯’v‡b evsjv fvlvi cÖPjb i‡q‡Q| Gme AÂ‡j A‡b‡KiB gvZ…fvlv evsjv| Zv QvovI hy³ivR¨, hy³ivóª, d«vÝ, Rvcvb, A‡÷ªwjqv, KvbvWvmn we‡k¦i eû †`‡kB evsjvfvlx RbMY i‡q‡Q| †mme ¯’v‡bI evsjv A‡b‡Ki gvZ…fvlv| c„w_exi cÖvq wÎk †KvwU †jv‡Ki gvZ…fvlv evsjv| gvZ…fvlvi we‡ePbvq mviv we‡k¦ evsjv fvlvi ¯’vb PZz_©|

fvlv

L. ivóªfvlv : ivóªxq Kv‡R eënv‡ii Rb¨ †Kv‡bv †`‡ki msweavb¯^xK…Z fvlv‡K H †`‡ki ivóªfvlv e‡j| GKwU iv‡óªi wewfbœ AÂ‡j wfbœ wfbœ Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ wfbœ fvlvi eënvi _vK‡Z cv‡i| †hgb : evsjv‡`‡k evsjv, Pvsgv, AvwPK, gwYcyix fvlv BZ¨vw`; fvi‡Z evsjv, ¸RivwU, wnw›`, cvÄvwe, Kvbvwo fvlv BZ¨vw`; cvwK¯Ív‡b cvÄvwe, evjyP, wmwÜ fvlv BZ¨vw`| G‡Z iv‡óªi †K›`ªxq cªkvmwbK KvR †Kvb fvlv‡Z cwiPvwjZ n‡eÑ GB cÖkœ Av‡m| G cÖkœ mgvavbK‡í †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv ivóª wbw`©ó GK ev GKvwaK fvlv‡K ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ †`q| evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi cÖ_g fv‡Mi Z…Zxq Aby‡”Q‡` wjwce× Av‡Q : cÖRvZ‡š¿i ivóªfvlv evsjv| iv‡óªi me©vwaK gvby‡li †evaMg¨ fvlv wn‡m‡e mvaviYZ ivóªfvlv ¯^xK…Z n‡q _v‡K| G fvlvq iv‡óªi Af¨šÍixY ¸iyZ¡c~Y© Kg©KvÊ, †hgb : wkÿvcÖ`vb, cvV¨MÖš’ cÖYqb, mvwnZïPbv, msev`cÎ cÖKvk, mvgvwRK AvPvi-Abyôvb cwiPvjbv, `wjj-`¯Ív‡eR wjLb, ivóªxq bw_cÎ wjwce×KiY BZ¨vw` m¤úbœ nq| cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv fvlv D`©y wKšÍy `vßwiK fvlv wn‡m‡e D`©yi cv‡k Bs‡iwR‡KI ¯^xK…wZ †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| fviZ cÖRvZ‡š¿i msweavb¯^xK…Z †Kv‡bv ivóªfvlv ev RvZxq fvlv bv _vK‡jI `vßwiK KvRK‡g©i fvlv wn‡m‡e wnw›ì cvkvcvwk Bs‡iwR ¯^xK…Z| fvi‡Zi ivR¨¸‡jv‡Z cÖkvmwbK K‡g© AvÂwjK fvlvmg~n eënvi nq| cwðge½, wÎcyiv, SvoLÊ ivR¨ Ges Avmvg iv‡Rï eivK DcZ¨Kvi Ab¨Zg cÖkvmwbK fvlv evsjv|

1.3 mvay I PwjZ ixwZi cv_©K¨ c„w_exi me DbœZ fvlvi g‡Zv evsjv fvlviI GKvwaK Avjv`v i~c Av‡Q : GKwU ejvi fvlv ev †gŠwLK i~c, AciwU †jLvi fvlv ev ˆjwLK i~c| fvlvi †gŠwLK i~‡ci Avevi `y‡Uv ixwZ i‡q‡Q, h_v : AvÂwjK ixwZ I cÖwgZ ixwZ| Aci w`‡K ˆjwLK i~‡ciI `y‡Uv Avjv`v ixwZ Av‡Q, †hgb : PwjZ ixwZ I mvay ixwZ| evsjv fvlvi G cÖKvi ev ixwZ-†f` wb‡Pi Q‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ †`Lvb n‡jv : evsjv fvlv †gŠwLK AvÂwjK

ˆjwLK cÖwgZ

PwjZ

mvay

AvÂwjK fvlvixwZ : evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ AÂ‡ji evOvwj Rb‡Mvôx gy‡L gy‡L †h fvlvixwZ‡Z g‡bvfve e¨³ K‡i †m fvlvixwZB evsjvi ÔAvÂwjK fvlvixwZÕ bv‡g AwfwnZ| A_©vr AÂj‡f‡` evsjv fvlvi cÖPwjZ K_¨i~c‡KB AvÂwjK fvlvixwZ e‡j|

evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

†hgbÑ evsjv‡`‡ki PÆMÖvg AÂ‡ji AvÂwjK fvlvixwZ: ÔJM&‡Mvqv gvBb&‡lï `yqv †cvqv AvwQj&|Õ A_©vr GKRb †jv‡Ki `ywU †Q‡j wQj| AvÂwjK fvlv‡K Dcfvlv e‡j| AvÂwjK fvlvq k‡ãi eûwewPÎ i~c †`Lv hvq| †hgb: Ô†Q‡jÕ kãwU AÂj‡f‡` †Qvqvj, QvIqvj, Qvevj, †QB‡j, †cvjv, †cvqv, cyiv, e¨vUv, e¨vWv, cyZ, ûZ BZ¨vw` D”PvwiZ nq| cÖwgZ fvlvixwZ : wewfbœ fvlvixwZ Kvjµ‡g cwigvwR©Z n‡q mevi MÖnY‡hvM¨ GKwU i~c jvf K‡i| GB fvlvixwZ mvaviYZ wkwÿZ †jv‡Ki K_vevZ©v I wbZëënv‡i Av‡iv AvKl©Yxq nq| fvlvI †h kªgmva¨, cÖhZœjä Ges †kLvi †Kv‡bv welqÑ cÖwgZ fvlvixwZ Zvi cÖgvY| GK K_vq, fvlvi me©RbMÖvn¨ I mgKv‡ji m‡e©v”P gvwR©Z i~c‡KB cÖwgZ fvlvixwZ e‡j| †hgb: ÔGKR‡bi `y‡Uv †Q‡j wQj|Õ mvay fvlvixwZ : †h fvlvixwZ AwaKZi Mv¤¢xh©c~Y©, Zrmg kãeûj, wµqvc‡ì i~c cÖvPxbixwZ Abymvix Ges AvÂwjKZvgy³ Zv-B mvay fvlvixwZ| †hgb: ÔGK e¨w³i `yBwU cyÎ wQj|Õ GB ixwZ GLb ïay wjwLZ M‡`¨ cwi`„ó nq| PwjZ fvlvixwZ : fvMxi_x b`xi ZxieZ©x ¯’vbmg~‡ni †gŠwLK fvlvixwZ gvby‡li gy‡L gy‡L i~cvšÍi jvf K‡i cÖv‡`wkK kãvewj MÖnY Ges PgrKvi evK&fw½i mn‡hv‡M M‡o I‡V| GB fvlvixwZ‡KB PwjZ fvlvixwZ e‡j| GB ixwZ †gŠwLK I wjwLZ Dfq †ÿ‡ÎB AvKl©Yxq I AvìYxq| †hgb: ÔGKRb †jv‡Ki `ywU †Q‡j wQj|Õ

mvay fvlvixwZi êwkó¨ K. mvay fvlvi i~c AcwieZ©bxq| AÂj‡f‡` ev Kvjµ‡g Gi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv| L. G fvlvixwZ e¨vKi‡Yi mywba©vwiZ wbqg AbymiY K‡i P‡j| Gi c`web¨vm mywbqwš¿Z I mywbw`©ó| M. mvay fvlvixwZ‡Z Zrmg ev ms¯‹…Z k‡ãi eënvi †ewk e‡j G fvlvq GK cÖKvi AvwfRvZ¨ I Mv¤¢xh© Av‡Q| N. mvay fvlvixwZ ïay †jLvq eënvi nq| ZvB K_vevZ©v, e³…Zv, fvlY BZ¨vwì Dc‡hvMx bq| O. mvay fvlvixwZ‡Z me©bvg I wµqvc‡ì c~Y©i~c eëüZ nq|

PwjZ fvlvixwZi ˆewkó¨ K. PwjZ fvlv me©RbMÖvn¨ gvwR©Z I MwZkxj fvlv| ZvB GwU gvby‡li K_vevZ©v I †jLvi fvlv wn‡m‡e M„nxZ n‡q‡Q| GwU cwiZ©bkxj|

fvlv

L. G fvlvixwZ e¨vKi‡Yi cÖvPxb wbqgKvbyb w`‡q me©`v e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq bv| M. PwjZ fvlvixwZ‡Z A‡cÿvK…Z mnR-mij k‡ãi eënvi †ewk e‡j GwU †ek mvejxj, PUzj I RxešÍ| N. ejvi I †jLvi fvlv e‡jB G fvlv e³…Zv, fvlY, bvU‡Ki msjvc I mvgvwRK Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ Dc‡hvMx| O. PwjZ fvlvixwZ‡Z me©bvg I wµqvc‡ì mswÿßi~c eëüZ nq| mvay I PwjZ fvlvixwZi g‡a¨ bvbvw`K †_‡K †ek wKQz cv_©KÏ i‡q‡Q| G `yB fvlvixwZi êwkó¨ †_‡KB Zvi aviYv cvIqv hvq| wb‡P mvay I PwjZ fvlvixwZi K‡qKwU cv_©K¨ †`Lvb n‡jv : mvay fvlvixwZ

PwjZ fvlvixwZ

1. mvay fvlvixwZ me©RbMÖvn¨ †jLvi fvlv|

1. PwjZ fvlvixwZ me©Rb‡eva¨ gy‡Li I †jLvi fvlv|

2. mvay fvlvixwZ me mgq e¨vKi‡Yi wbqg †g‡b P‡j|

2. PwjZ fvlv me mgq e¨vKi‡Yi cÖvPxb wbqg †g‡b P‡j bv|

3. mvay fvlvq c`web¨vm ixwZ mywbw`©ó|

3. PwjZ fvlvq c`web¨vmixwZ A‡bK mgq cwiewZ©Z nq|

4. mvay fvlvq Zrmg ev ms¯‹…Z k‡ãi e¨envi †ewk|

4. PwjZ fvlvq Zrmg ev ms¯‹…Z k‡ãi e¨envi Kg|

5. mvay fvlv e³…Zv I fvl‡Yi Dc‡hvMx bq|

5. PwjZ fvlv e³…Zv, fvlY I bvU‡Ki msjv‡ci Dc‡hvMx|

6. mvay fvlvq me©bvg, wµqv I Ae¨q c‡`i c~Y©i~c e¨eüZ nq|

6. PwjZ fvlvq me©bvg, wµqv I Ae¨qc‡`i mswÿßi~c e¨eüZ nq|

7 .mvay fvlv ¸iyM¤¢xi, `y‡e©va¨ I gš’i|

7. PwjZ fvlv PUzj, mij I mvejxj|

8. mvay fvlvixwZ AcwieZ©bxq, ZvB K…wÎg|

8. PwjZ fvlvixwZ cwieZ©bkxj, ZvB RxešÍ|

wb‡Pi K‡qKwU †ÿ‡Î mvay I PwjZ fvlvixwZi cv_©K¨ †`Lv hvq| h_v : 1. we‡kl¨c‡ì i~‡c 2. me©bvgc‡ì i~‡c 3. wµqvc‡ì i~‡c 4. Ae¨qc‡ì i~‡c

evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

1. we‡kl¨c‡`i i~‡ci cv_©K¨ mvay

PwjZ

AwMœ

Av¸b

KY©

Kvb

P›`ª

Puv`

`šÍ

`uvZ

cÿx

cvwL

e¨vNª

evN

grm¨

gvQ

n¯Íx

nvwZ

2. me©bvgc‡`i i~‡ci cv_©K¨ mvay

PwjZ

Bnv

Bnv‡K

G‡K

Bnv‡`i

G‡`i

Dnv

Dnvw`‡Mi

I‡`i

Kvnv‡K

Kv‡K

†Kn

†KD

Zvnv

Zvnvi

Zvi

hvnv

hvnv‡`i

hv‡`i

fvlv

3. wµqvc‡`i i~‡ci cv_©K¨ mvay

PwjZ

Avwmqv

G‡m

Kwiqv

K‡i

Kwiqv‡Q

K‡i‡Q

LvB‡ZwQj

Lvw”Qj

wMqvwQj

†MwQj

NygvB‡Z‡Q

Nygv‡”Q

Pwjj

Pjj

Pvwnqv

†P‡q

R¡vjvBqv

†R¡‡j

WvwK‡Z‡Q

WvK‡Q

wb`ªv hvIqv

Nygv‡bv

cwoe

coe

cvi nBqv

†cwi‡q

dzwUqv DwVqv‡Q

dz‡U D‡V‡Q

ewjqvwQ‡jb

e‡jwQ‡jb

ewjqv

e‡j

ewj‡Z _vwK‡e

ej‡Z _vK‡e

fvwOqv hvB‡Z jvwMj

†f‡O †h‡Z jvMj

jç cÖ`vb Kwij

jvd w`j

ïwbj

ïbj

ïwbqvwQj

ï‡bwQj

kqb Kwi‡jb

ï‡jb

kªeY Kwijvg

ïbjvg

evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

4. Ae¨qc‡`i i~‡ci cv_©K¨ mvay

PwjZ

A`¨

AvR

A`¨vwc

AvRI

K`vP

KL‡bv

Z_vwc

ZeyI

b‡Pr

bB‡j

bZzev

bB‡j

cÖvqk

cÖvqB

h`¨vwc

hw`I

mvay I PwjZ fvlvixwZi D`vniY mvay fvlvixwZ ÒDcb¨v‡mi Abyi~c †Kv‡bv e¯‘ Avgv‡`i cªvPxb mvwn‡Z¨ LuywRqv cvIqv hvq bv| ïay Avgv‡`i †`k ewjqv b‡n, c„w_exi †Kv‡bv †`‡kiB cyivZb mvwn‡Z¨ Dcb¨v‡mi `k©b wg‡j bv| Dcb¨v‡mi cÖavb we‡klZ¡B GB †h, Bnv m¤ú~Y© AvaywbK mvgMÖx|Ó

PwjZ fvlvixwZ ÒG‡K G‡K Mvwo¸‡jv †Q‡o w`‡j, Avgvi MvwoUvI Pj‡Z ïiy Ki‡j| †÷kb `~‡i bq, †mLv‡b †cuŠ‡Q bvg‡Z wM‡q †`wL AwZw_ `uvwo‡q| wK‡i, GLv‡bI G‡mwQm? †m †jR †b‡o Zvi Reve w`‡j, ÑKx Rvwb gv‡b Zvi Kx!Ó

Kg©-Abykxjb 1. gvbyl fvlvi mvnv‡h¨ g‡bi Kx Kx fve cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i Zvi GKUv ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki| 2. GKRb fvlvwe‡`i bvg D‡jøL K‡i fvlv m¤ú‡K© wZwb †h msÁv w`‡q‡Qb Zv †jL| 3. ÔAvgvi Kvh© Avwg KwiqvwQ| GÿY Zvnvw`‡Mi B”Qv nB‡j Avgv‡K cyi¯‹vi cÖ`vb Kwi‡e|Õ Ñ GB iKg K‡i mvay fvlvq `kwU evK¨ ˆZwi Ki| Zvici †m¸‡jv‡K PwjZ fvlvq i~cvšÍi K‡i †`LvI| 4. †Zvgvi cwVZ GKwU Mí †_‡K wewfbœ c‡`i GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki| Zvici †m¸‡jvi mvayi~‡ci mvnv‡h¨ `kwU evK¨ iPbv Ki|

wØZxq cwi‡”Q`

aŸwb I eY© 2. aŸwb I eY© 2.1 aŸwb I eY© 2.2 g-djv I e-djvi D”PviY Kg©-Abykxjb

2. aŸwb I eY© 1.1 aŸwb I eY© K. aŸwb

†Kv‡bv fvlvi D”PvwiZ kã‡K we‡kølY Ki‡j †h Dcv`vbmg~n cvIqv hvq †m¸‡jv‡K c„_Kfv‡e aŸwb e‡j| aŸwbi m‡½ mvaviYZ A‡_©i mswkøóZv _v‡K bv| aŸwb ˆZwi nq evMh‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨| aŸwb ˆZwi‡Z †hme evK&-cÖZ¨½ mnvqZv K‡i †m¸‡jv n‡jvÑ dzmdzm, Mjbvwj, wRnŸv, Zvjy, gvwo, ùvZ, †VuvU, bvK BZ¨vw`| gvbyl dzmdz‡mi mvnv‡h¨ k¦vm MÖnY I Z¨vM K‡i| dzmdzm †_‡K evZvm evB‡i Avmvi mgq gy‡Li wewfbœ RvqMvq evav cvq| d‡j gy‡L bvbv ai‡bi aŸwbi m„wó nq| Z‡e me aŸwbB mefvlv MÖnY K‡i bv| evsjv fvlvq eëüZ aŸwb¸‡jv‡K cÖavbZ `yfv‡M fvM Kiv nq : 1. ¯îaŸwb 2. e¨ÄbaŸwb| 1. ¯îaŸwb : †h aŸwb Ab¨ aŸwbi mvnvh¨ Qvov wb‡RB m¤ú~Y©fv‡e D”PvwiZ nq Ges hv‡K Avkªq K‡i Ab¨ aŸwbi m„Rb nq Zv‡K ¯îaŸwb e‡j| evsjv fvlvq †gŠwjK ¯îaŸwb 7wU| h_v : A, Av, B, D, G, I, A¨v| 2. e¨ÄbaŸwb : †h aŸwb ¯îaŸwbi mvnvh¨ Qvov ¯úói~‡c D”PvwiZ n‡Z cv‡i bv Ges †h aŸwb mvaviYZ Ab¨ aŸwb‡K Avkªq K‡i D”PvwiZ nq, Zv‡K e¨ÄbaŸwb e‡j| †hgb : K& , L& , M& , N& , c& , m& BZ¨vw`| GB aŸwb¸‡jv‡K cÖK…ófv‡e kÖywZ‡hvM¨ K‡i D”PviY Ki‡Z n‡j ¯îaŸwbi Avkªq wb‡Z nq| †hgb : (K&+A=) K; (M&+A=) M; (c&+A=) c BZ¨vw`|

evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

L. eY© aŸwb gvby‡li gyLwbtm„Z evqy †_‡K m„ó, ZvB Gi †Kv‡bv AvKvi †bB| G¸‡jv gvbyl gy‡L D”PviY K‡i Ges Kv‡b †kv‡b| fvlv wj‡L cÖKvk Kivi myweav‡_© aŸwb¸‡jvi cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e wKQz cÖZxK ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB cÖZx‡Ki bvg eY©| A_©vr †Kv‡bv fvlv wjL‡Z †hme aŸwb-†`¨vZK cÖZxK ev wPý eëüZ nq Zv‡K eY© e‡j| GB eY©mg~‡ni mgwóB n‡jv eY©gvjv| evsjv aŸwbi g‡Zv eY©I ZvB `ycÖKvi : 1. ¯îeY©, 2. e¨ÄbeY©| 1. ¯îeY© : ¯îaŸwbi wjwLZ wPý ev cÖZxK‡K ejv nq ¯îeY©| evsjv fvlvq †gŠwjK ¯îaŸwb 7wU| wKšÍy ¯îeY© 11wU| h_v : A, Av, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J| 2. e¨ÄbeY© : e¨ÄbaŸwbi wjwLZ wPý ev cÖZxK‡K e¨ÄbeY© ejv nq| evsjv fvlvq e¨ÄbeY© 39wU| h_v : K

n r

eY©gvjv : †Kv‡bv fvlv wjL‡Z †h aŸwb-†`¨vZK cÖZxK ev wPýmg~n eëüZ nq Zvi mgwóB n‡jv eY©gvjv| evsjv fvlvq eëüZ eY©mg~n‡K GK‡Î evsjv eY©gvjv e‡j| evsjv eY©gvjvq †gvU 50wU eY© Av‡Q| evsjv eY©gvjvq ¯îe‡Y©i wjwLZ i~c `ywU : 1. c~Y©i~c 2. mswÿß i~c| 1. ¯îe‡Y©i c~Y©i~c : evsjv fvlv †jLvi mgq †Kv‡bv k‡ã ¯^vaxbfv‡e ¯îeY© em‡j Zvi c~Y©i~c eëüZ nq| †hgb : k‡ãi cÖ_‡g : A‡bK, AvKvk, Bwjk, DwKj, FY, GK | k‡ãi g‡a¨ : †e`yBb, evDj, cvDiywU, AvenvIqv| k‡ãi †k‡l : eB, eD, hvI|

aŸwb I eY©

2. ¯îe‡Y©i mswÿß i~c : A-wfbœ Ab¨ ¯îeY©¸‡jv e¨Äbe‡Y©i m‡½ mshy³ n‡j c~Y©i~‡ci e`‡j mswÿß i~c cwiMÖn K‡i| ¯îe‡Y©i G ai‡bi mswÿßi~c‡K ÔKviÕ e‡j| ¯îe‡Y©i ÔKviÕ-wPý 10wU| h_v : Av-Kvi ( v ) Ñ gv, evev, XvKv| B-Kvi ( w ) Ñ wKwb, wPwb, wgwb| C-Kvi ( x ) Ñ kkx, mxgvbv, ixwZ| D-Kvi ( y ) Ñ KzKzi, cyKzi, `ycyi| E-Kvi ( ~ ) Ñ f~Z, g~j¨, m~wP| F-Kvi ( „ ) Ñ K…lK, Z…Y, c„w_ex| G-Kvi ( † ) Ñ †Pqvi, †Uwej, †g‡q| H-Kvi ( ˆ ) Ñ ˆZwi, êix, ˆbFZ| I-Kvi ( † v ) Ñ †LvKv, †cvKv, †evKv| J-Kvi ( † Š ) Ñ †bŠKv, †gŠmywg, †cŠl| evsjv eY©gvjvq e¨Äbe‡Y©iI `ywU wjwLZ i~c i‡q‡Q : 1. c~Y©i~c 2. mswÿß i~c| 1. e¨Äbe‡Y©i c~Y©i~c : e¨Äbe‡Y©i c~Y©i~c k‡ãi cÖ_‡g, g‡a¨ ev †k‡l ¯^vaxbfv‡e e‡m| k‡ãi cÖ_‡g : KweZv, cov‡kvbv, UMi| k‡ãi g‡a¨ : KvKwj, Lyjbv, dzUej| k‡ãi †k‡l : Avg, kxZj, wm‡jU| 2. e¨Äbe‡Y©i mswÿß i~c : A‡bK mgq ¯îeY© ev e¨Äbe‡Y©i m‡½ mshy³ nIqvi Rb¨ e¨Äbe‡Y©i AvKvi mswÿß n‡q hvq| e¨Äbe‡Y©i GB mswÿß i~c‡K ÔdjvÕ e‡j| e¨Äbe‡Y©i ÔdjvÕ-wPý 6wU| h_v : b / Y-djv ( b / Y ) Ñ wPý, wewfbœ, hZœ; / c~e©vnè, Acivnè| e-djv ( e ) Ñ cK¡, wek¦, aŸwb| g-djv ( g ) Ñ cÙv, gyn¤§`, Zb¥q, wPb¥q| h-djv ( ¨ ) Ñ L¨vwZ, U¨vsiv, e¨vsK| i-djv ( ª ) Ñ µq, MÖn, †id ( © ) - KK©, eY©| j-djv (j ) Ñ K¬všÍ, cøxnv, Agøvb|

evsjv e¨vKiY wbwg©wZ

evsjv eY©gvjvi ¯^i I e¨ÄbeY© D”PviY¯’vb I aŸwbcÖK…wZ Abyhvqx web¨¯Z|

e‡Y©i D”PviY ¯’vb D”PviY¯’vb Abymv‡i ¯^i I e¨ÄbeY©¸‡jvi bvg wb‡Pi Q‡K †`Lv‡bv n‡jv :

eY©

D”PviY¯’vb

D”PviY¯’vb Abymv‡i e‡Y©i bvg

A, Av, K, L, M, N, O, n

KÉ ev wRnŸvg~j

KÉ¨ ev wRnŸvg~jxq eY©

B, C, P, Q, R, S, T, h, q, k

Zvjy

Zvje¨ eY©

D, E, c, d, e, f, g

Iô

Iô¨ eY©

F, U, V, W, X, Y, i, o, p, l

g~a©v

g~a©b¨ eY©

G, H

KÉ I Zvjy

KÉZvje¨ eY©

I, J

KÉ I Iô

K‡ÉŠô¨ eY©

Z, _, `, a, b, j, m

`šÍ

`šÍ¨ eY©

AšÍt¯’ e

`šÍ I Iô

`‡šÍŠô¨ eY©

e‡Y©i D”PviY cÖK…wZ A : A-Gi D”PviY `y iKg : ¯^vfvweK (A-Gi g‡Zv) : AR (A‡Rv), AKvj (AKvj&), K_v (K_v), kc_ (kc_&) , ÿY (Lb&), RÄvj (Rb&Rvj&), Mqbv (Mq&bv), Ni (Ni&)| weK…Z (I-Gi g‡Zv) : AwZ (IwZ), b`x (†bvw`), Awfavb (Iwfavb&), AZby (A‡Zvby), mygwZ (my‡gvwZ), †gŠb (†gŠ‡bv), g„M (g„‡Mv)| Av : Av-Gi D”PviYI `y iKg : ¯^vfvweK (Av-Gi g‡Zv) : AvMvgx (AvMvwg), Avgiv (Avg&iv), Avkv (Avkv), AvKvk (AvKvk&), Av‡jv (Av‡jv)| weK…Z (A¨v-Gi g‡Zv) : Ávb (Mu¨vb&), weL¨vZ (weK&L¨v‡Zv)|

aŸwb I eY©

G : G-Gi `y iKg D”PviY nq : ¯^vfvweK (G-Gi g‡Zv) : GKwU (GK&wU), †KK (†KK&), †KUwj (†KU&wj), †g‡q (†g‡q), †e¸b (†e¸b&), †gl (†gk&)| weK…Z (A¨v-Gi g‡Zv) : GK (A¨vK&), †Ljv (L¨vjv), †ejv (e¨vjv), †Kb (K¨v‡bv), †hb (h¨v‡bv)| O : O Ges s (Aby¯^vi)-Gi D”PviY As nq : e¨vO (e¨vs), evOvwj (evsAvwj), ew¼g (eswKg&), iO (is)| T : T-Gi D”PviY wZb iKg nq : ¯^Zš¿ T : BuA-Gi g‡Zv : wgT (wgu‡qv), wgTv (wguqv)| hy³ T + P/Q/R/S : b-Gi g‡Zv : AÂj (Ab&Pj&), evÃv (evb&Qv), e¨Äb (e¨vb&‡Rvb&), SÅv (Sb&Sv)| hy³ R +T : Mu& ev M&Mu-Gi g‡Zv : Ávb (Mu¨vb&), hÁ (†hvM&‡Muv)| k, l, m : G¸‡jvi K‡qK iKg D”PviY nq : ¯^Zš¿ k-Gi g‡Zv : kw³ (†kvK&wZ), gkv (gkv), kvmb (kv‡kvb&), mwPe ( †kvwPe&), mvwnZ¨ ( kvwnZ&‡Zv), luvo (kuvo&), lô (kk&‡Vv)| hy³ k + P/Q : k-Gi g‡Zv : wbðq (wbk&Pq&), wki‡ñ` (wk‡ivk&‡Q`)| hy³ k + b/i : Bs‡iwR s-Gi g‡Zv : cÖkœ (†cÖvm&‡bv), kªg (†mªvg&)| hy³ k + F/j : Bs‡iwR s-Gi g‡Zv : k„Mvj (m„Mvj&), †køvK (†møvK&)| hy³ k + e/g/h : k‡ãi cÖ_‡g k/ku : k¦vm (kvk&), †k¦Z (†kZ&), k¥kvb (kukvb&), k¥kÖ~ (†kuvm&iy)| k‡ãi g‡a¨/†k‡l k&k : wbtk¦vm (wbk&kvk&), wek¦ (wek&‡kv), iwk¥ (†ivk&wku), `„k¨ (`„k&‡kv)| hy³ l + U/V : k-Gi g‡Zv : wgóvbœ (wgk&Uvb&‡bv), Abyôvb (Ibyk&Vvb&), lôx (†kvk&wV)| hy³ m + Z/_ : Bs‡iwR s-Gi g‡Zv : wb¯Zvi (wbm&Zvi), `y¯’ (`ym&‡_v)| hy³ m + b/i : k‡ãi cÖ_‡g Bs‡iwR s : mœvb& (snvb), †mœn (†sn‡nv), mªóv (†mªvk&Uv), †mªvZ ( †mªvZ&)| k‡ãi g‡a¨/†k‡l m&m : m‡mœn (km&‡mœ‡nv)|

evsjv e¨vKiY wbwg©Z

hy³ m + e/g : k‡ãi cÖ_‡g k/ku : ¯^Y© (ki&b&‡bv), ¯§iY (ku‡ivb&)| k‡ãi g‡a¨/†k‡l kk&/m&m : me©¯^ (ki&&‡evk&‡kv), mw¯§Z (km&wg‡Zv)|

2.2 g-djv I e-djvi D”PviY g-djvi D”PviY K. c‡ì cÖ_‡g g-djv _vK‡j †m e‡Y©i D”Pvi‡Y wKQzUv †SuvK c‡o Ges mvgvb¨ bvwmK¨¯î nq| †hgb : k¥kvb ( kukvb&), ¯§iY (ku‡ivb&)| KL‡bv KL‡bv ÔgÕ Aby”PvwiZ _vK‡Z I cv‡i| †hgb : ¯§„wZ (m„wZ ev m„uwZ)| L. c‡ì g‡a¨ ev †k‡l g-djv hy³ n‡j D”Pvi‡Y †m e‡Y©i wØZ¡ nq Ges mvgvb¨ bvwmK¨¯î nq| †hgb : AvZ¥xq (AvZ&wZuq), cÙ (c`&‡ùv), we¯§q (wek&kuq), f¯§¯Í~c (fk&‡kuvm&Zzc&), f¯§ (fk&‡kuv), iwk¥ (†ivk&wku)| M. M, O, U, Y, b, ev j e‡Y©i m‡½ g-djv hy³ n‡j, g-Gi D”PviY eRvq _v‡K| hy³ e¨Ä‡bi cÖ_g e‡Y©i ¯î jyß nq| †hgb : evM¥x (evM&wg), g„b¥q (g„b&gq), Rb¥ (Rb&‡gv), ¸j¥ (¸j&‡gv)|

e-djvi D”PviY K. k‡ãi cÖ_‡g e-djv hy³ n‡j D”Pvi‡Y ïay †m e‡Y©i Dci AwZwi³ †SuvK c‡o| †hgb : K¡wPr (†KvwPr), wØZ¡ (w`Z&‡Zv), k¦vm (kvk&), ¯^Rb (k‡Rvb), Ø›Ø (`b&‡`v)| L. k‡ãi g‡a¨ ev †k‡l e-djv hy³ n‡j hy³ e¨ÄbwUi wØZ¡ D”PviY nq| †hgb : wek¦vm (wek&kvk&), cK¡ (cK&‡Kv), Ak¦ (Ak&‡kv), wej¦ (wej&‡jv)| M. mwÜRvZ k‡ã hy³ e-djvq e-Gi D”PviY eRvq _v‡K| †hgb : w`wM¦Rq (w`M&weRq), w`M¦jq (w`M&ejq)| N. k‡ãi g‡a¨ ev †k‡l ÔeÕ ev ÔgÕ-Gi m‡½ e-djv hy³ n‡j e-Gi D”PviY eRvq _v‡K| †hgb : wZeŸZ (wZe&eZ). j¤^ (jg&‡ev)| O. Dr Dcm‡M©i m‡½ e-djv hy³ n‡j e-Gi D”PviY envj _v‡K| †hgb : DØv¯‘ (D`&evm&Zz), D‡Øj (D`&‡ej&)|

aŸwb I eY©

Kg©-Abykxjb 1. †Zvgvi `yB eÜzi Avjvc gb w`‡q †kvb| Zvici Zv‡ì †h D”PviY¸‡jv †Zvgvi Kv‡Q Aï× g‡b nq Zv LvZvq wj‡L †Zvgvi wkÿK‡K †`wL‡q wb‡R‡K hvPvB Ki| 2. e-djvhy³ evbv‡b e-Gi D”PviY KLb envj _v‡K? m~Îmn 10wU kã †jL| 3. ÒGKw`b we‡K‡j nšÍ`šÍ mvey evwoi DVvb †_‡K Ôgv gvÕ e‡j wPrKvi Ki‡Z Ki‡Z N‡i XzKj| wPrKvi ï‡b ˆRZzb wewe nKPwK‡q I‡V| †m ivbœvN‡i wQj| `ªyZ cvKkvjv †_‡K †ewi‡q G‡m mvey‡K wR‡Ám K‡i: ÔKx †iÑ ? G‡Zv wP°i cvom& K¨vb?Ó Ñ D×„Zvs‡k †hme ÔKviÕ-Gi eënvi Av‡Q, †m¸‡jvi avivevwnK ZvwjKv cÖ¯‘Z Ki| ÑÔKviÕ¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU w`‡q `y‡Uv bZzb kã ˆZwi Ki| 4. Òk¥kv‡b †cuŠ‡Q k¦ïigkvB‡qi ˆkk‡ei ¯§„wZ ¯§iY n‡jv| wM‡qwQ‡jb wek¦bv_eveyi mrKvi m¤úbœ Ki‡Z cÙv b`xi cv‡o| wd‡i G‡jb f¯§ve„Z n‡q, k¥kÖy gyÊb K‡i|Ó ÑGLv‡b †Kvb †Kvb ÔdjvÕ eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jv D‡jøL Ki| Ñ D×„Zvsk Aej¤^‡b Ôk¥kvbÕ, Ôk¦ïiÕ, Ô¯§iYÕ, Ôm¤úbœÕ, Ôk¥kÖæÕ kãvewji D”PviY †jL|

Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q`

mwÜ 3. mwÜ 3.1 mwÜ 3.2 wemM© mwÜ Kg©-Abykxjb 3. mwÜ 3.1 mwÜ gvbyl K_v ejvi mgq K_vi MwZ e„w× cvq| `ªyZ K_v ejvi mgq KL‡bv KL‡bv KvQvKvwQ _vKv `y‡Uv aŸwbi D”PviY GKwÎZ n‡q hvq| e¨vKi‡Y G‡K mwÜ ejv nq| †hgb : ÔAvwg we`¨v Avj‡q hve|Õ evK¨wU ejvi mgq ÔAvwg we`¨vj‡q hveÕ n‡q hvq| GLv‡b Ôwe`¨vÕ-Gi ÔAvÕ-aŸwb Ges ÔAvjqÕ-Gi ÔAvÕ-aŸwb wg‡j †M‡Q| W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn& wj‡L‡Qb : `ywU eY© AZ¨šÍ wbKUeZ©x n‡j D”Pvi‡Yi myweavi Rb¨ Df‡qi wgjb n‡q GK eY© ev G‡Ki i~cvšÍi ev G‡Ki †jvc ev Df‡qi i~cvšÍi n‡jÑ Gi~c wgjb‡K mwÜ e‡j| GB msÁvi Av‡jv‡K ejv P‡j : cvkvcvwk Aew¯’Z `y‡Uv aŸwbi wgj‡bi d‡j hw` GK aŸwb m„wó nq, Z‡e Zv‡K mwÜ e‡j| mwÜ k‡ãi A_© wgjb| `y‡Uv aŸwbi mwÜ‡Z cÖ_g k‡ãi †kl aŸwb Ges c‡ii k‡ãi cÖ_g aŸwbi wgjb N‡U| mwÜi d‡j bZzb bZzb k‡ãi m„wó nq| K_v ejvi mgq k‡ãi D”PviY mnR nq| fvlv mswÿß nq Ges ïb‡Z fv‡jv jv‡M| mwÜ‡Z aŸwbi Pvi ai‡bi wgjb nq : 1. Dfq aŸwb wg‡j GKwU aŸwb nq| 2. GKwU aŸwb e`‡j hvq| 3. GKwU aŸwb †jvc cvq| 4. Dfq aŸwbi e`‡j bZzb aŸwbi m„wó nq|

mwÜ

evsjv mwÜ `y cÖKvi : 1. ¯^imwÜ, 2. e¨ÄbmwÜ| 1.

¯îmwÜ : ¯îaŸwbi m‡½ ¯îaŸwbi wgj‡b †h mwÜ nq, Zv‡K ¯îmwÜ e‡j| †hgb : †mvbv + Avwj = †mvbvwj iycv + Avwj = iycvwj wg_¨v + DK = wg_y¨K Kzwo + GK = KzwoK b`x + Gi = b`xi gv + Gi = gv‡qi

2. e¨ÄbmwÜ : ¯îaŸwbi m‡½ e¨ÄbaŸwb wKsev e¨ÄbaŸwbi m‡½ e¨ÄbaŸwb wgwjZ n‡q †h mwÜ nq, Zv‡K e¨ÄbmwÜ e‡j| †hgb : KuvPv + Kjv = KuvPKjv bvwZ + †eŠ = bvZ‡eŠ †QvU + `v = †Qvo`v Dr + PviY = D”PviY Avi + bv = Avbœv Pvi + wU = PvwÆ evsjv fvlvq A‡bK ms¯‹…Z kã †Kv‡bv iKg cwieZ©b Qvov eëüZ nq| G¸‡jv‡K Zrmg kã e‡j| Gme Zrmg k‡ãi mwÜ ms¯‹…‡Zi wbq‡gB nq| ZvB ms¯‹…‡Zi wbqg †g‡b evsjv fvlvq eëüZ Zrmg k‡ãi mwÜ 3 cÖKvi| h_v : K. ¯îmwÜ L. e¨ÄbmwÜ 3. wemM©mwÜ

K. ¯^imwÜ : mnRm~Î I D`vniY 1. A, Av aŸwbi mwÜ m~Î A + A = Av ( v )

D`vniY be + Abœ = bevbœ

D`vniY cig + AYy = cigvYy

A + Av = Av ( v )

Rj + Avkq = Rjvkq

cvV + AvMvi = cvVvMvi

Av + A = Av ( v )

K_v + Ag„Z = K_vg„Z

Avkv + AZxZ = AvkvZxZ

Av + Av = Av ( v )

we`¨v + Avjq = we`¨vjq

gnv + Avkq = gnvkq

B+B=C(x)

AwZ + BZ = AZxZ

iwe + B›`ª = iex›`ª

B+C=C(x)

cwi + Cÿv = cixÿv

Awa + Ck¦i = Aaxk¦i

C+B=C(x)

kPx + B›`ª = kPx›`ª

gnx + B›`ª = gnx›`ª

C+C=C(x)

kªx + Ck = kªxk

c„w_ex + Ck¦i = c„w_exk¦i

KUz + Dw³ = KU~w³ jNy + Ewg© = jN~wg©

giy + D`¨vb = gi~`¨vb eû + EaŸ© = en~aŸ©

2. B, C aŸwbi mwÜ

3. D, E aŸwbi mwÜ D+D=E(~) D+E=E(~)

evsjv e¨vKiY wbwg©wZ

E+D=E(~) E+E=E(~) 2. A/Av, B/C aŸwbi mwÜ A/Av + B/C = G (†)

3. A/Av, D/E aŸwbi mwÜ A/Av + D/E = I († v)

4. A/Av, F aŸwbi mwÜ A/Av + F = Ai ( ©) A/Av + FZ = Avi 5. A/Av, G/H aŸwbi mwÜ A/Av + G/H = H (ˆ)

ea~ + Drme = ea~rme f~ + EaŸ© = f~aŸ©

ea~ + Dw³ = ea~w³

¯^ + B”Qv = †¯^”Qv Ac + Cÿv = A‡cÿv

h_v + Bó = h‡_ó gnv + Ck¦i = g‡nk¦i

m~h© + D`q = m~‡h©v`q Pj + Ewg© = P‡jvwg©

K_v + DcK_b = K‡_vcK_b gnv + Ewg© = g‡nvwg©

†`e + Fwl = †`ewl© kxZ + FZ = kxZvZ©

ivRv + Fwl = ivRwl© ÿzav + FZ = ÿzavZ©

Rb + GK = R‰bK Z_v + Ge = Z‰_e

gZ + HK¨ = g‰ZK¨ gnv + Hk¦h© = g‰nk¦h©

Rj + IKv = R‡jŠKv

gnv + Ilwa = g‡nŠlwa

wPË + J`vh© = wP‡ËŠ`vh©

gnv + Jla = g‡nŠla

6. A/Av, I/J aŸwbi mwÜ A/Av + I/ J = J († Š)

7. B/C-Gi ci wfbœ aŸwbi mwÜ B/C + A/Av = h (¨/¨v) AwZ + AšÍ = AZ¨šÍ b`x + A¤^y = b`¨¤^y B/C + D/E = h (¨y/¨~) AwZ + Dw³ = AZy¨w³ B/C + G = h († ¨) cÖwZ + GK = cÖ‡Z¨K

BwZ + Avw` = BZ¨vw` gmx + Avavi = gm¨vavi cÖwZ + El = cÖZz¨l

8. D/E-Gi ci wfbœ aŸwbi mwÜ E/E + A/Av = e/ev my + Aí = ¯^í D/E + B/C = we/ex Aby + BZ = Awš^Z D/E + G = †e Aby + GlY =A‡š¦lY

my + AvMZ = ¯^vMZ Zby + C = Zš^x

mwÜ

G/H-Gi ci wfbœ aŸwbi mwÜ G/H + A/ Av = Aq/ Avq †b + Ab = bqb

10.I/J-Gi ci wfbœ aŸwbi mwÜ I/J + A/Av = Ae/Ave †cv + Ab = ceb †cŠ + AK = cveK I/J + B = Awe/Avwe †cv + BÎ = cweÎ I/J + D = Avey †fŠ + DK = fveyK I/J + G = A‡e †Mv + GlYv = M‡elYv

ˆb + AK = bvqK

†Mv + Avw` = Mevw` †bŠ + BK = bvweK

L. e¨ÄbmwÜ : cwiwPZ m~Î I D`vniY 1. ¯^iaŸwb + e¨ÄbaŸwbi mwÜ A + Q = ”Q Av + Q =”Q B + Q = ”Q D + Q = ”Q 2.

e¨ÄbaŸwb + ¯^iaŸwbi mwÜ K+A=M U + Av = W> o Z+A=` c+A=e

cÖ + Q` = cÖ”Q` K_v + Q‡j = K_v”Q‡j cwi + Q` = cwi”Q` Ziy + Qvqv = Ziy”Qvqv

w`K& + AšÍ = w`MšÍ lU& + Avbb = lovbb Zr + AšÍ = Z`šÍ myc& + AšÍ = myešÍ

3. e¨ÄbaŸwb + e¨ÄbaŸwbi mwÜ Z + P/Q = ”P/”Q Dr + PviY = D”PviY ` + P/Q = ”P/”Q wec` + Pq = wec”Pq Z + R/S = ¾/À hver + Rxeb = hve¾xeb `+R=¾ wec` + RbK = wec¾bK Z+W=Ç Dr + Wxb = DÇxb Z + j = jø Dr + wjwLZ = DwjøwLZ Z + k = ”Q Pjr + kw³ = Pj”Qw³ Z+n=× Zr + wnZ = Zw×Z `+n=× c` + nwZ = c×wZ

Dr + †Q` = D‡”Q` wec` + Qvqv = wec”Qvqv Kzr + SwUKv = KzÀwUKv

evsjv e¨vKiY wbwg©wZ

K& + ` = M& + `

evK& + `vb = evM&`vb

K& + e = M& + e

w`K& + weRq = w`wM¦Rq

U& + h = W& >o + h

lU& + hš¿ = lohš¿

Z& + M = `& + M

Dr + wMiY = D`&wMiY

Z& + N = `& + N

Dr + NvUb = D`&NvUb

Z& + e = `& +e

Dr + eÜb = DØÜb

Z& + f = `& + f

Dr + fe = D™¢e

Z& + i = `& + i

Zr + i~c = Z`ª~c

K& + b = O + b

w`K& + wbY©q = w`KwbY©q

Z& + g = b + g

Zr + g‡a¨ = Zb¥‡a¨

Z& + b = bœ

Dr + bwZ = DbœwZ

RMr + bv_ = RMbœv_

Z& + g = b¥

Zr + gq = Zb¥q

g„r + gq = g„b¥q

g& + K = O/s + K

kg& + Kv = k¼v

mg& + KxY© = msKxY©

g& + L = s + L

mg& + L¨v = msL¨v

g& + M = s + M

mg& + MxZ = msMxZ

g& + N = s + N

mg& + NvZ = msNvZ

g& + P = Â

mg& + Pq = mÂq

g& + Z = šÍ

mg& + Zvc = mšÍvc

g& + ` = ›`

mg& + `k©b = m›`k©b

g& + a = Ü

mg& + avb = mÜvb

g& + b = bœ

wKg& + bi = wKbœi

g& + h = s + h

mg& + hg = mshg

g& + i = s + i

mg& + iÿY = msiÿY

g& + k = s + k

mg& + kq = mskq

g& + n = s + n

mg& + nvi = msnvi

mwÜ

3.2 wemM©mwÜ wemM© (t )-Gi m‡½ ¯^iaŸwb wKsev e¨ÄbaŸwbi †h mwÜ nq, Zv‡K wemM©mwÜ e‡j| D”Pvi‡Yi w`K †_‡K wemM© `y iKg : 1. i&-RvZ wemM© : k‡ãi †k‡l i& _vK‡j D”Pvi‡Yi mgq i& †jvc cvq Ges i&-Gi RvqMvq wemM© (t) nq| D”Pvi‡Y i& eRvq _v‡K| †hgb : AšÍi > AšÍt + MZ = AšÍM©Z ( Ab&‡Zvi&M‡Zv )| 6. m&-RvZ wemM© : k‡ãi †k‡l m& _vK‡j mwÜi mgq m& †jvc cvq Ges m&-Gi RvqMvq wemM© ( t ) nq| D”Pvi‡Y m& eRvq _v‡K| †hgb : bgm& > bgt + Kvi = bg¯‹vi ( b‡gvk&Kvi& )| wemM©mwÜ `y fv‡e mvwaZ nq :

1. wemM© ( t ) I ¯^iaŸwb wg‡j 2. wemM© ( t ) I e¨ÄbaŸwb wg‡j|

1. wemM© I ¯^iaŸwbi mwÜ K. A-aŸwbi m‡½ wemM© Ges c‡i A-aŸwb _vK‡j wemM© I A-aŸwb ¯’‡j I-Kvi nq| †hgb : ZZt + AwaK = Z‡ZvwaK

hkt + Awfjvl = h‡kvwfjvl

eqt + AwaK = e‡qvwaK L. A-aŸwbi m‡½ wemM© Ges c‡i A, Av, D-aŸwb _vK‡j wemM© I A-aŸwb wg‡j i nq| †hgb : cybt + AwaKvi = cybiwaKvi

cÖvZt + Avk = cÖvZivk

cybt + Ave„wË = cybive„wË

cybt + D³ = cybiy³

2. wemM© I e¨ÄbaŸwbi mwÜ K. A-aŸwbi m‡½ wemM© Ges c‡i e‡M©i 3q/ 4_©/ 5g aŸwb A_ev h, i, j, n _vK‡j wemM© I A-aŸwb ¯’‡j i-RvZ wem‡M© i/ †id ( © ) Ges m-RvZ wem‡M© I-Kvi nq| †hgb : i-RvZ wemM© : i AšÍt + MZ = AšÍM©Z

cybt + Rb¥ = cybR©b¥

AšÍt + avb = AšÍa©vb

cybt + evi = cybe©vi

AšÍt + fz³ = AšÍfz©³

cybt + wgjb = cybwg©jb

evsjv e¨vKiY wbwg©wZ

m-RvZ wemM© : I gbt + MZ = g‡bvMZ

m`¨t + RvZ = m‡`¨vRvZ

wZit + avb = wZ‡ivavb

Zct + eb = Z‡cveb

Aat + gyL = A‡avgyL

gbt + †hvM = g‡bv‡hvM

gbt + ig = g‡bvig

gbt + †jvfv = g‡bv‡jvfv

gbt + ni = g‡bvni L. wem‡M©i c‡i P/Q _vK‡j wem‡M©i ¯’‡j k; U/V _vK‡j l Ges Z/_ _vK‡j m nq| †hgb : wbt + Pq = wbðq

wkit + †Q` = wki‡ñ`

`yt + PwiÎ = `yðwiÎ

wbt + wQ`ª = wbwñ`ª

abyt + U¼vi = abyó¼vi

wbt + Vzi = wbôzi

PZzt + Uq = PZzóq `yt + Zi = `y¯Íi

wbt + †ZR = wb‡¯ÍR

BZt + ZZ = BZ¯ÍZ

`yt + _ = `y¯’

M. A/Av wfbœ Ab¨ ¯^‡ii m‡½ wemM© Ges c‡i ¯^iaŸwb, e‡M©i 3q / 4_© / 5g aŸwb A_ev h, i, j, n _vK‡j wemM© ¯’‡j i nq| †hgb : wbt + Aewa = wbiewa

wbt + Avc` = wbivc`

wbt + MZ = wbM©Z

wbt + NÈ = wbN©È

wbt + evK = wbe©vK

wbt + fq = wbf©q

Avwet + fve = Avwef©ve

Avkxt + ev` = Avkxe©v`

`yt + Ae¯’v = `yie¯’v

`yt + AvPvi = `yivPvi

`yt + MwZ = `yM©wZ

`yt + †eva = `y‡e©va

cÖv`yt + fve = cÖv`yf©ve

`yt + gi = `yg©i

`yt + †hvM = `y‡h©vM

`yt + jf = `yj©f

mwÜ

N. i-RvZ wem‡M©i c‡i i _vK‡j wemM© †jvc cvq Ges cÖ_g ¯^i `xN© nq| †hgb : wbt + ie = bxie

wbt + im = bxim

wbt + †ivM = bx‡ivM O. A/Av aŸwbi m‡½ wemM© Ges c‡i K, L, c, d _vK‡j wemM© ¯’‡j m nq| †hgb : bgt + Kvi = bg¯‹vi

wZit + Kvi = wZi¯‹vi

cyit + Kvi = cyi¯‹vi

fvt + Ki = fv¯‹i

P. B/D aŸwbi m‡½ wemM© Ges c‡i K, L, c, d _vK‡j wemM© ¯’‡j l nq| †hgb : wbt + Kvg = wb®‹vg

wbt + cvc = wb®úvc

wbt + dj = wbõj

ewnt + Kvi = ewn®‹vi

PZzt + c` = PZz®ú`

PZzt + †KvY = PZz‡®‹vY

Q. †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †ÿ‡Î mwÜi wemM© †jvc cvq bv| †hgb : cÖvZt + Kvj = cÖvZtKvj

gbt + Kó = gbtKó

wkit + cxov = wkitcxov

AšÍt + KiY = AšÍtKiY

R. †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †ÿ‡Î wemM© †jvc †c‡jI mwÜ nq bv| †hgb : AZt + Ge = AZGe

evsjv e¨vKiY wbwg©wZ

Kg©-Abykxjb 1. mZx Ck evey gva¨wgK we`¨v Avj‡qi wkÿK| Zvi Ang& Kvi †bB, wZwb mg& MxZ fv‡jvev‡mb| Ñ D×„Zvs‡k †gvUv `vM †`qv kã¸‡jvi mwÜ Ki| †Zvgvi cQ›` g‡Zv GiKg Av‡iv K‡qKwU k‡ãi evK¨ †jL| 2. Zzwg AvR mviv w`b hv‡`i K_vevZ©v ï‡bQ, †mme K_vi g‡a¨ †_‡K g‡b K‡i 10wU mwÜe× kã †ei Ki| Zvici †m¸‡jv‡K Avjv`v K‡i †Kvb cÖKvi mwÜ Zv †jL| †hgb: †Zvgvi evev ej‡jb, Ò†`vKvb †_‡K cuvk‡mi Avjy, †MvUv cuv‡PK KuvPKjv Avi GK †KŠUv Me¨-N„Z wb‡q Gm ZvovZvwo| †`L, †hb †ekKg bv nq|Ó Ñ GLv‡b mwÜe× kã¸‡jv n‡”QÑ cuvk‡mi, cuv‡PK, KuvPKjv, Me¨, †ekKg| cuvk‡mi = cuvP + †mi = e¨ÄbmwÜ cuv‡PK = cuvP + GK = e¨ÄbmwÜ KuvPKjv = KuvPv + Kjv = e¨ÄbmwÜ Me¨

= †Mv + h

= e¨ÄbmwÜ

†ekKg = †ewk + Kg = e¨ÄbmwÜ 3. ewn®‹vi, Avwe®‹vi, bg¯‹vi, cyi¯‹vi kã¸‡jv mwÜi †Kvb wbqg †g‡b MwVZ n‡q‡Q? wbqg¸‡jv †jL Ges †m wbqg Abyhvqx †Zvgvi cvV¨ eB †_‡K Av‡iv K‡qKwU kã Luy‡R wb‡q GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki|

PZz_© cwi‡”Q`

kã I c` 4. 4.1 4.2 3.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8

kã I c` wj½všÍ‡ii wbqg I D`vniY eûePb MV‡bi wbqg I D`vniY we‡k‡l¨i †kªwYwefvM : msÁvevPK, †kªwYevPK, mgwóevPK, fveevPK I wµqvevPK wb‡`©kK me©bv‡gi i~c (PwjZ ixwZ) : ÔGÕ, ÔIÕ avZz I wµqvc` †gŠwjK I mvwaZ avZz mKg©K I AKg©K wµqv wµqvi Kvj : eZ©gvb, AZxZ, fwel¨r I AbyÁv Kg©-Abykxjb

4. kã I c` A_© n‡jv k‡ãi cÖvY| GK ev GKvwaK aŸwbi mw¤§j‡b hw` †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó A_© cÖKvk cvq Z‡e Zv‡K kã e‡j| †hgb : K, j, g Ñ GB wZbwU aŸwb GKmv‡_ Ry‡o w`‡j nq : Kjg (K+j+g)| ÔKjgÕ †jLvi GKwU DcKiY‡K †evSvq| myZivs GwU GKwU kã| G iKg : Avwg, evRvi, hvB BZ¨vwÌ kã| G¸‡jvi Avjv`v Avjv`v A_© Av‡Q| wKšÍy G iKg Avjv`v Avjv`v kã g‡bi fve m¤ú~Y© cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB A_©c~Y© kã Ry‡o Ry‡o gvbyl Zvi g‡bi fve m¤ú~Y©fv‡e cÖKvk K‡i _v‡K| †hgb : ÔAvwg evRv‡i hvB|ÕÑ GwU GKwU evK¨| GLv‡b e³vi g‡bvfve m¤ú~Y© cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| KZ¸‡jv A_©c~Y© kã hLb GKwÎZ n‡q e³vi g‡bi fve m¤ú~Y© cÖKvk K‡i, ZLb Zv‡K evK¨ e‡j| Gevi jÿ Kwi : Avwg, evRvi , hvB Ñ wZbwU A_©c~Y© kã| Avwg evRv‡i hvB Ñ GKwU g‡bi fve cÖKvkK evK¨| GLv‡b ÔevRviÕ kãwU ev‡K¨ eëüZ nevi mgq wKQzUv (evRvi+G) e`‡j †M‡Q | ev‡K¨ eëüZ nevi mgq k‡ãi †k‡l GB ai‡bi wKQz eY© †hvM nq| G¸‡jv‡K e‡j wefw³| k‡ã wefw³ hy³ n‡jB Zv‡K

evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

c` ejv nq| Zvn‡j ejv hvq: wefw³ hy³ kã‡K A_ev ev‡K¨ eëüZ cÖwZwU kã‡K c` e‡j| c` cuvP cÖKvi : 1. we‡kl¨ 2. we‡klY 3. me©bvg 4. Ae¨q I 5. wµqv| 4.1 wj½všÍ‡ii wbqg I D`vniY wj½ k‡ãi A_© wPý ev jÿY| evsjv fvlvq Ggb A‡bK kã Av‡Q †h¸‡jv †Kv‡bvwU cyiyl RvZxq, †Kv‡bvwU ¯¿x RvZxq, †Kv‡bvwU Avevi ¯¿x-cyiyl Dfq‡KB †evSvq| ZvB †hme wPý ev jÿY Øviv kã‡K cyiyl, ¯¿x ev Ab¨ RvZxq wn‡m‡e Avjv`v Kiv hvq, Zv‡K wj½ e‡j| wj½ Pvi cÖKvi| h_v : 1. cyswj½ ev cyiylevPK kã| †hgb : evev, †Q‡j, weØvb, my›ì| 2. ¯¿xwj½ ev ¯¿xevPK kã| †hgb : gv, †g‡q, we`ylx, my›ìx| 3. Dfqwj½evPK kã| †hgb : gvbyl, wkï, mšÍvb, evOvwj| 4. K¬xewj½ ev Awj½evPK kã| †hgb : eB, LvZv, †Pqvi, †Uwej| cyswj½ ev cyiylevPK kã‡K ¯¿xwj½ ev ¯¿xevPK k‡ã i~cvšÍi Kiv‡K wj½všÍi ev wj½ cwieZ©b e‡j| wj½ cwieZ©‡bi wKQz mvaviY wbqg Av‡Q| †hgb : 1. cyiylevPK k‡ãi †k‡l -Av (v), -C (x), -bx, -Avbx, -Bwb BZ¨vw` ¯¿xcÖZ¨q Ry‡o cyswj½ kã‡K ¯¿xwj‡½ i~cvšÍi Kiv hvq| †hgb : cÖ_g > cÖ_gv, evjK > evwjKv, QvÎ > QvÎx, †R‡j > †R‡jwb| 2. KL‡bv KL‡bv wfbœ kã‡hv‡MI cyswj½ kã ¯¿xwj½evPK k‡ã cwieZ©b nq| †hgb : evev > gv, †Q‡j > †g‡q, cyiyl> bvix, mv‡ne > wewe, ¯^vgx > ¯¿x, KZ©v > wMwbœ, fvB > †evb, cyÎ > Kb¨v, ei > K‡b| 3. k‡ãi Av‡M cyily evPK ev ¯¿xevPK kã Ry‡o w`‡qI k‡ãi wj½všÍi n‡q _v‡K| †hgb : cyily gvbyl > †g‡q gvbyl, û‡jv weovj > †gwb weovj, gÏv †Nvo > gvw` †Nvov, e¨vUv‡Q‡j > †g‡q‡Q‡j, Gu‡o evQzi > eKbv evQzi, ej` Miy > MvB Miy| 4. KZK¸‡jv cyiylevPK k‡ãi Av‡M gwnjv, bvix BZ¨vw` ¯¿xevPK kã cÖ‡qvM K‡i k‡ãi wj½všÍi nq| †hgb : Kwe > gwnjv Kwe, Wv³vi > gwnjv Wv³vi, mf¨ > bvix mf¨, ˆmb¨ > bvix ˆmb¨| 5. †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv k‡ãi †k‡l cyiyl I ¯¿xevPK kã †hvM K‡i cyswj½ kã ¯¿xwj½evPK k‡ã cwieZ©b nq| †hgb : Mqjv > Mqjv eD, †evb †cv > †evb wS, VvKzi †cv > VvKzi wS|

k&ã I c`

6. KZK¸‡jv k‡ã †Kej cyiyl †evSvq| †hgb : KweivR, K…Z`vi, AK…Z`vi, wecZœxK, ˆ¯¿Y| 7. KZK¸‡jv kã ïay ¯¿xevPK nq| †hgb : mZxb, mrgv, maev, G‡qv, `vB| wb‡P cyswj½ kã‡K ¯¿xwj‡½ cwieZ©‡bi wKQz wbqg I D`vniY †`Iqv n‡jv : 1. k‡ãi †k‡l Ô-AvÕ cÖZ¨q †hvM K‡i : cyswj½

¯¿xwj½

cyswj½

¯¿xwj½

ARv

wcÖq

wcªqv

AvaywbK

AvaywbKv

cÖexY

cÖexYv

†KvwKj

†KvwKjv

e„×

e„×v

PZzi

PZziv

gvbbxq

gvbbxqv

PÂj

PÂjv

wkl¨

wkl¨v

bexb

bexbv

mij

mijv

2. k‡ãi †k‡l ÔAvÕ-Gi RvMvq Ô-BÕ cÖZ¨q ewm‡q : cyswj½

¯¿xwj½

cyswj½

¯¿xwj½

KvKv

KvwK

eyov

eywo

PvPv

PvwP

bvbv

bvwb

`v`v

`vw`

gvgv

gvwg

3. k‡ãi †k‡l Ô-CÕ cÖZ¨q †hvM K‡i : cyswj½

¯¿xwj½

cyswj½

¯¿xwj½

wK‡kvi

wK‡kvix

gvbe

gvbex

QvÎ

QvÎx

gq~i

gq~ix

ZiyY

ZiyYx

ivÿm

ivÿmx

`vm

`vmx

wmsn

wmsnx

bvix

my›`i

my›`ix

cvÎ

cvÎx

nwiY

nwiYx

evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

4. k‡ãi †k‡l Ô-wb / -bxÕ cÖZ¨q †hvM K‡i : cyswj½ Kvgvi Kzgvi

¯¿xwj½ Kvgvibx Kzgvibx

cyswj½ †R‡j †avcv

¯¿xwj½ †R‡jwb †avcvwb

5. k‡ãi †k‡l Ô-AvwbÕ / ÔAvbxÕ cÖZ¨q †hvM K‡i : cyswj½ PvKi VvKzi AiY¨ B›`ª

¯¿xwj½ PvKivwb VvKzivwb AiY¨vYx B›`ªvbx

cyswj½ †g_i bvwcZ wng k~`ª

¯¿xwj½ †g_ivwb bvwcZvwb wngvbx k~`ªvbx

6. k‡ãi †k‡l ÔBbxÕ cÖZ¨q †hvM K‡i : cyswj½ KvOvj Abv_ bvM gvbx Zc¯^x †k¦Zv½

¯¿xwj½ KvOvwjbx Abvw_bx bvwMbx gvwbbx Zcw¯^bx †k¦Zvw½bx

cyswj½ †Mvqvjv evN we‡`wk ¸Yx abx my‡Kk

¯¿xwj½ †Mvqvwjbx evwNbx we‡`wkbx ¸wYbx awbbx my‡Kwkbx

7. k‡ãi †k‡l Ô-BKvÕ cÖZ¨q †hvM K‡i : cyswj½ evjK †jLK MvqK †meK

¯¿xwj½ evwjKv †jwLKv MvwqKv †mweKv

cyswj½ cvVK Aa¨vcK bvqK wkÿK

¯¿xwj½ cvwVKv Aa¨vwcKv bvwqKv wkwÿKv

8. cyiylevPK k‡ãi †k‡l ÔZvÕ _vK‡j ÔÎxÕ nq : cyswj½ †bZv †kªvZv

¯¿xwj½ †bÎx †kªvÎx

cyswj½ KZ©v avZv

¯¿xwj½ KÎ©x avÎx

fvlv

9. cyiylevPK k‡ãi †k‡l ÔAZÕ, ÔevbÕ, ÔgvbÕ, ÔCqvbÕ _vK‡j ÔAZxÕ, ÔeZxÕ, ÔgwZÕ, ÔCqmxÕ nq : cyswj½

¯¿xwj½

cyswj½

¯¿xwj½

mr ¸Yevb kªxgvb Mixqvb

mZx ¸YeZx kªxgZx Mixqmx

gnr i~cevb eyw×gvb gnxqvb

gnZx ¸YeZx eyw×gwZ gnxqmx

4.2 eûePb MV‡bi wbqg I D`vniY e¨vKi‡Y ePb A_© msL¨vi aviYv| ZvB, †h kã w`‡q e¨vKi‡Y †Kv‡bv wKQzi aviYv cÖKvk Kiv nq, Zv‡K ePb e‡j| evsjv fvlvq ePb `y cÖKvi | h_v : 1. GKePb 2. eûePb| 1. GKePb : †h kã w`‡q †Kv‡bv e¯‘, cÖvYx ev e¨w³i GKwUgvÎ msL¨vi aviYv nq, Zv‡K GKePb e‡j| †hgb : cvLvwU Luy‡R cvw”Q bv| MvgQvLvbv †Kv_vq ivL‡j? KvRj wK evwo wd‡i‡Q? wkÿK ej‡jb, Ò`yB Avi `yB Pvi nq|Ó GKePb cÖKv‡ki Dcvq evsjv fvlvq GKePb cÖKv‡ki wKQz Dcvq Av‡Q| †hgb : K. k‡ãi g~j i~‡ci mv‡_ wKQz †hvM bv K‡i : ÔAvgvi evwo †hI ågi, em‡Z †`e wcu‡o|Õ AvR ¯‹zj QzwU| ixZv Mvb wkL‡Z †M‡Q| evm XvKv †Q‡o‡Q| L. k‡ãi †k‡l wU, Uv, Lvb, Lvbv, Lvwb, MvQ, MvQv, MvwQ BZ¨vw` wb‡`©kK †hvM K‡i : †g‡qwU Lye PvjvK| †Zvgvi KjgUv `vI †Zv|

evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

†bŠKvLvwb †ek my›ì n‡q‡Q| eBLvbv Avwg c‡owQ| `woMvQ w`‡q hv †Zv gv| `v`yi nv‡Z jvwVMvQv †ek gvwb‡q‡Q| M. k‡ãi Av‡M GK, GKUv, GKwU, GKLvbv, GKRb BZ¨vw` msL¨vevPK kã ewm‡q : GK †`‡k wQj GK ivRv| †Zvgvi mv‡_ GKUv K_v wQj| GKwU Kjg wb‡q `yfvB‡qi g‡a¨ UvbvUvwb ïiy n‡q‡Q| GKLvbv Bs‡iwR Le‡ii KvMR G‡bv †Zv| GKRb QvÎ G‡mwQj †Zvgvi Kv‡Q| 2. eûePb : †h kã w`‡q G‡Ki AwaK msL¨K e¯‘, e¨w³ ev cÖvYxi aviYv cvIqv hvq, Zv‡K eûePb e‡j| †hgb : Avgiv †mLv‡b wM‡qwQjvg| †Q‡jiv gv‡V †Lj‡Q| ÔwkïMY †`q gb wbR wbR cv‡V|Õ ÔivLvj Miyi cvj j‡q hvq gv‡V|Õ eûePb MV‡bi wbqg I D`vniY evsjv fvlvq eûePb MV‡bi bvbv Dcvq Av‡Q| cÖvwYevPK I AcÖvwYevPK Ges DbœZ cªvwYevPK I BZi cÖvwYevPK kã‡f‡` wewfbœ ai‡bi eûePb‡evaK wefw³, cÖZ¨q I mgwóevPK kã‡hv‡M eûePb MVb Kiv n‡q _v‡K| †hgb : 1. k‡ãi †k‡l iv, Giv, ¸‡jv, ¸wj, †ì wefw³ †hvM K‡i : iv Ñ †Q‡jiv ej †Lj‡Q| Zviv AvR Avi Avm‡e bv| Giv Ñ ÒfvB‡qiv Avgvi, Ôi³ hLb w`‡qwQ, Av‡iv †èÕ|ÕÕ kªwg‡Kiv ag©NU †W‡K‡Q| ¸‡jv Ñ Avg¸‡jv ivRkvnx †_‡K G‡m‡Q| †Q‡j¸‡jv Lye ˆn‰P Ki‡Q|

fvlv

¸wj Ñ eB¸wj RvqMv g‡Zv Zz‡j ivL| †ì Ñ gyw³‡hv×v‡ì Avgiv kª×v Kwi| 2. k‡ãi †k‡l MY, e„›`, eM©, Kzj, gÊjx, gvjv, ¸”Q, cvj, `j, `vg, SuvK, Avewj, me, mg~n, ivwR, ivwk, cyÄ, †kªwY BZ¨vw` mgwóevPK kã †hvM K‡i : MY Ñ ÔwkïMY †`q gb wbR wbR cv‡V|Õ e„›` Ñ myKvšÍmvwn‡Zï f³e„›` mgv‡jvPbvI cQ›` K‡ib| Kzj Ñ mÜ¨vq cÿxKzj Kzjvq wd‡i G‡m‡Q| gÐjx Ñ wkÿKgÊjx bexb QvÎ‡ì eiY K‡i wb‡jb| gvjv Ñ Ô†`wL‡Z wMqvwQ ce©Zgvjv, †`wL‡Z wMqvwQ wmÜy|Õ ¸”Q Ñ Avwg iex›`ªbv‡_i ÔMí¸”QÕ c‡owQ| cvj Ñ ÔivLvj Miyi cvj j‡q hvq gv‡V|Õ `j Ñ RvZxq wµ‡KU`‡j Zvi RvqMv n‡q‡Q| `vg Ñ ˆkevj`v‡g cyKzi f‡i‡Q | SuvK Ñ cvqivi SuvK evKzg evKzg Ki‡Q| Avewj Ñ AvR iv‡Z c`vewj KxZ©b ïb‡Z hve| me Ñ ÔcvwLme K‡i ie ivwZ †cvnvBj|Õ mg~n Ñ AwZwi³ e„ÿwba‡bi d‡j ebmg~n DRvo n‡q hv‡”Q| ivwR Ñ jvB‡eªwii MÖš’ivwRi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q mg„× Áv‡bi fvÊvi| ivwk Ñ evRv‡i wb‡q hvevi Rb¨ cy®úivwk Pqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| cyÄ Ñ †gNcy‡Äi Ae¯’vb †`‡L g‡b n‡”Q e„wó n‡e| †kªwY Ñ awbK‡kªwY me mgq wbgœ‡kªwYi Dci Lei`vwi K‡i _v‡K| 3. k‡ãi Av‡M A‡bK, ARmª, AmsL¨, cÖPzi, eû, we¯Íi, bvbv, †Xi, me, mKj, mg¯Í, n‡iK BZ¨vw` kã eënvi K‡i : A‡bK Ñ Gevi cixÿvq A‡bK QvÎ †dj K‡i‡Q| ARmª Ñ Zvi ARmª UvKv-cqmv n‡q‡Q| AmsL¨ Ñ evsjv‡`‡ki AmsL¨ gvbyl GL‡bv AwkwÿZ| cÖPzi Ñ evRv‡i cÖPzi Avg D‡V‡Q| eû Ñ wZwb eû m¤úwËi gvwjK| we¯Íi Ñ Ô†m K‡n we¯Íi wgQv, †h K‡n we¯Íi|Õ bvbv Ñ Ôbvbv gywbi bvbv gZ|Õ

evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

kã I c`

* we‡kl `ªóe¨ ePb g~jZ we‡kl¨ I me©bvg c‡ì GK ev GKvwaK msL¨vi aviYv wb‡`©k K‡i| †m-Kvi‡Y ïay we‡kl¨ I me©bvg c‡ì ePb‡f` nq| DbœZ cªvwYevPK k‡ãi eûeP‡b MY, e„›`, gÊjx, eM© Ges AcÖvwYevPK k‡ãi eûeP‡b Avewj, ¸”Q, `vg, wbKi, cyÄ, gvjv, ivwR, ivwk eëüZ nq| iv, Giv, MY, ¸‡jv, Kzj, mKj, me, mg~n cÖvwYevPK I AcÖvwYevPK Dfq k‡ãi eûeP‡b eëüZ n‡q _v‡K| evsjv ev‡K¨ GKB m‡½ GKvwaK eûePbevPK kã eëüZ nq bv| †hgb : mKj QvÎ‡ì eywS‡q †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| (fzj) mKj QvÎ‡K eywS‡q †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| (ï×) QvÎ‡ì eywS‡q †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| (ï×)

4.3 we‡k‡l¨i †kªwYwefvM Av‡MB ejv n‡q‡Q: c` cuvP cÖKvi : we‡kl¨ ; we‡klY ; me©bvg ; Ae¨q ; wµqv|

we‡kl¨c` ev‡K¨ e¨eüZ †h c` Øviv †Kv‡bv e¨w³, e¯‘, mgwó, ¯’vb, Kvj, fve, KvR ev ¸‡Yi bvg †evSvq, Zv‡K we‡kl¨c` e‡j| GK K_vq, †Kv‡bv wKQzi bvg‡K we‡kl¨c` e‡j| †hgb : bRiyj, gvbyl, eB, LvZv, †jLvcov, cï, mfv, mwgwZ, XvKv, Lyjbv, kqb, †fvRb BZ¨vw`|

evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

we‡kl¨c‡ì bvbv †kªwYwefvM i‡q‡Q| †hgb : 1. msÁvevPK we‡kl¨ : †h we‡kl¨c` Øviv †Kv‡bv e¨w³, cÖvYx, ¯’vb, b`x, mgy`ª, ce©Z, MÖš’ BZ¨vwì wbw`©ó bvg †evSvq, Zv‡K msÁvevPK we‡kl¨ e‡j| G‡K bvgevPK we‡klÏ ejv nq| †hgb : e¨w³i bvg : AvjvIj, ew¼g, bRiyj, myKvšÍ, †iv‡Kqv, mgxiY eo–qv, ievU©, wgëb, n¨vwi| cÖvYxi bvg : Miy, QvMj, †fov, wmsn, evN, nuvm, gyiwM, gqbv, wUqv, kvwjK, wnc‡cv‡Ugvm| ¯’v‡bi bvg : Lyjbv, XvKv, PÆMÖvg, kªxcyi, †kicyi, †MvcvjMÄ, w`wjø, g‡¯‹v, jÛb, c¨vwim| b`-b`xi bvg : eªþcyÎ, eywoM½v, cÙv, †gNbv, hgybv, bxjb`, AvgvRvb, †nvqvs‡nv| mgy‡`ªi bvg : e‡½vcmvMi, fviZ gnvmvMi, cÖkvšÍ gnvmvMi, Avie mvMi| cvnvo-ce©‡Zi bvg : Mv‡iv cvnvo, wngvjq, jvjgvB, †KIµvWvs, wn›`yKzk, K‡Kkvm, Avw›`R| MÖ‡š’i bvg : MxZvÄwj, AwMœexYv, wngy Agwbevm, †eovj gvbex, euva †f‡O `vI|

ev‡K¨ cÖ‡qvM KvRx bRiyj Bmjvg Avgv‡ì RvZxq Kwe| my›ìeb Lyjbv †Rjvq Aew¯’Z| Avgv‡ì evwo a‡jk¦ix b`xi cv‡o| Avwg ÔAwMœexYvÕ c‡owQ| Miy M„ncvwjZ cï| Avwg wngvjq †`wLwb| jÛ‡b bwR‡ei gvgv _v‡Kb| `yejviPi e‡½vcmvM‡ii GKwU Pi| 2. †kªwYevPK we‡kl¨ : †h we‡kl¨c` Øviv e¨w³, cÖvYx, ¯’vb, b`x, ce©Z BZ¨vwì mvaviY bvg †evSvq, Zv‡K †kªwYevPK we‡kl¨ e‡j| †hgb : gvbyl, cvwL, ce©Z, Kwe, kni, eB, MvQ, evOvwj, gvQ, mvMi BZ¨vw`| msÁvevPK we‡k‡lï mv‡_ †kªwYevPK we‡k‡lï AvcvZ wgj jÿ Kiv †M‡jI †ek wKQz cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q| msÁvevPK we‡k‡lï Øviv mywbw`©ó †Kv‡bv e¨w³, e¯‘, cÖvYx ev ¯’v‡bi bvg †evSvq|

kã I c`

wKšÍy †kªwYevPK we‡kl¨c` Gm‡ei mvaviY ev Awbw`©ó bvg cÖKvk K‡i| †hgb : msÁvevPK we‡kl¨ (wbw`©ó)

†kªwYevPK we‡kl¨ (Awbw`©ó)

1. iex›`ªbv_ wek¦Kwe|

1. Kwe wPiKvj eiYxq|

2. gvbylwU ÿyavq KvZi|

2. gvbyl giYkxj|

3. †cvovevwoi PgPg Lye wgwó|

3. wgwó mevB cQ›` K‡i bv|

4. Avwg Bwjk gvQ †L‡Z fv‡jvevwm|

4. mevB gvQ †L‡Z fv‡jvev‡m|

5. Avgiv XvKv kn‡i _vwK|

5. Avgiv kn‡i _vwK|

6. Avwg ÔAwMœexYvÕ cowQ|

6. Avwg eB cowQ|

7. wngvjq we‡k¦i m‡e©v”P ce©Z|

7. ce©‡Z IVv Lye wec¾bK|

8. gqbv cvwL K_v e‡j|

8. cvwL AvKv‡k I‡o|

9. cÙv evsjv‡`‡ki eo b`x|

9. b`x mvM‡i wM‡q †g‡k|

10. my›`ixMvQ my›`ie‡b cIqv hvq|

10. MvQ Avgv‡`i cÖvY euvPvq|

3. mgwóevPK we‡kl¨ : †h we‡kl¨c` Øviv GKRvZxq e¨w³, e¯‘ ev cªvYxi mgwó †evSvq, Zv‡K mgwóevPK we‡kl¨ e‡j| †hgb : RbZv, mfv, mwgwZ, †kªwY, `j, msN, cvj, SuvK, ¸”Q, gvjv, mvwi BZ¨vw`|

ev‡K¨ cÖ‡qvM RbZv †ÿ‡c †M‡j Kv‡iv iÿv †bB| mfv bqUvq ïiy n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b GKUv eûgyLx mgevq mwgwZ M‡o D‡V‡Q| we‡kl¨c‡ì bvbv †kªwYwefvM i‡q‡Q| `j e`j K‡i Avi KZw`b Pj‡e? GKcvj nwiY Avgv‡ì mvg‡b w`‡q P‡j †Mj| Bs‡iR‡ì †bŠeni wek¦L¨vZ| Avwg †mbvevwnbxi KzPKvIqvR †`‡LwQ| 4. fveevPK we‡kl¨ : †h we‡kl¨c` Øviv wµqvi fve ev Kv‡Ri bvg †evSvq, Zv‡K fveevPK ev wµqvevPK we‡kl¨ e‡j| †hgb : †fvRb, kqb, `k©b, Mgb, kªeY, Kiv, †`Lv, †kvbv BZ¨vw`|

evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

fveevPK we‡kl¨ I wµqvc` GK bq| †hgb : fveevPK we‡kl¨

wµqvc`

1. †KvUevwo `k©b K‡i Gjvg|

1. Avwg †KvUevwo †`‡LwQ|

2. gnviv‡Ri †fvRb-ce© †kl n‡q‡Q|

2. Avgiv †L‡qwQ|

3. evevi kqb GL‡bv m¤úbœ nqwb|

3. evev ï‡q‡Qb|

4. LyKzi bvPb †`‡L hv|

4. LyKz bvP‡Q|

5. Zvi †evanq †div n‡e bv|

5. †m wd‡i‡Q|

4.4 wb‡`©kK me©bv‡gi i~c (PwjZ ixwZ) : ÔGÕ, ÔIÕ ev‡K¨ we‡kl¨c‡ì cwie‡Z© †h c` eëüZ nq, Zv‡K me©bvgc` e‡j| †hgb : we‡kl¨ : eKzj fv‡jv †Q‡j| me©bvg : †m cÖwZw`b ¯‹z‡j hvq| Zvi ¯^v¯’¨ fv‡jv| Zv‡K mevB fv‡jvev‡m| GLv‡b we‡kl¨ ÔeKzjÕ-Gi cwie‡Z© Ô†mÕ, ÔZviÕ, ÔZv‡KÕ cÖf…wZ c` eënvi Kivq evK¨¸‡jv kÖywZgayi n‡q‡Q| evsjv fvlvq me©bvgc` bvbviKg nq| †hgb : 1.e¨w³evPK me©bvg : Avwg, Avgiv, Zzwg, †Zvgiv, †m, Zviv, wZwb, Giv, Iiv BZ¨vw`| 2. wb‡`©kK me©bvg : G, GwU, †mwU, †m¸‡jv BZ¨vw`| 3. mvKjëvPK me©bvg : mKj, me, mgy`q BZ¨vw`| 4. mv‡cÿ me©bvg : †h-†m, hv-Zv, whwb-wZwb BZ¨vw`| 5. cÖkœm~PK me©bvg : Kx, Kvi, Kv‡ì, wK‡m BZ¨vw`| 6. Awb‡`©kK me©bvg : †KD, †Kvb, †Kn, wKQz BZ¨vw`| 7. AvZ¥evPK me©bvg : ¯^qs, wbR, †Lv`, Avcwb BZ¨vw`| 8. Ab¨vwèvPK me©bvg : Ab¨, Aci, ci BZ¨vw`|

kã I c`

wb‡`©kK me©bv‡gi i~c : ÔGÕ, ÔIÕ †h me©bvgc` mvaviYZ we‡kl¨‡K wbw`©ó K‡i †`q, Zv‡K wb‡`©kK me©bvgc` e‡j| †hgb : G, GB, Giv, Bnviv, Bnv, Guiv, Bnv‡ì, Gu‡ì, I, Iiv, I‡ì, Iu‡ì, H, Dwb, Dnv, Dnv‡ì BZ¨vw`| we‡kl¨c‡ì mv‡_ †hgb wefw³ †hvM n‡q kãMVb K‡i, †Zgwb wefw³, cÖZ¨q I Kg©cÖePbxq hy³ n‡q me©bv‡gi i~c nq| wb‡P wb‡`©kK me©bvg ÔGÕ Ges ÔIÕ-Gi PwjZ i~c †`Lv‡bv n‡jv|

G-Gi i~c 1. cÖvwYevPK i~c :

GKePb G, Gi, Bwb, Gui

eûePb Giv, G‡`i, Guiv, Gu‡`i

ev‡K¨ cÖ‡qvM : G Avgvi fvB; Gi bvg D¾¡j| Bwb Avgvi PvPv; Guiv KivwP _v‡Kb| Gu‡`i †jvnvj°‡oi eo e¨emv Av‡Q| 2. AcÖvwYevPK i~c :

ev‡K¨ cÖ‡qvM :

GKePb GUv, GwU, GLvbv

eûePb Gme, G¸‡jv, Gmg¯Í

GUv GLvb †_‡K mivI| GwU Avcbvi eB| G¸‡jv †Uwe‡j ivL| Gm‡ei Rb¨ Zzwg `vqx| Gmg¯Í K_v Avgv‡K †Kb †kvbv‡”Qb?

I-Gi i~c 1. cÖvwYevPK i~c :

ev‡K¨ cÖ‡qvM :

GKePb I, Ii, Iu, Dwb, I‡`i, I‡K

eûePb Iiv, I‡ì, Iuiv, Iu‡ì, I‡ì‡K

evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

2. AcÖvwYevPK i~c :

ev‡K¨ cÖ‡qvM :

GKePb IB, IwU, ILvbv

eûePb Ime, I¸‡jv, Img¯Í

Z‡e IB K_vB iBj| IwU wK‡mi eB? ILvbv Avevi K‡e wKb‡j? Ime K_v Qv‡ov †Zv| †Zvgvi I¸‡jv Kvj †`‡L †`e| Img¯Í ¸jevwR Gevi eÜ K‡iv|

4.5 avZz I wµqvc` wµqvc` †h c` Øviv †Kv‡bv wKQz Kiv ev †Kv‡bv KvR Kiv †evSvq, Zv‡K wµqvc` e‡j| †hgb : evev G‡m‡Qb| Nwo‡Z `kUv ev‡R| Avwg A¼ KiwQ|

wµqvc` bvbv iKg nq : 1. mgvwcKv wµqv : †h wµqv Øviv ev‡Kï A_© m¤ú~Y© cÖKvwkZ nq, Zv‡K mgvwcKv wµqv e‡j| †hgb : †mZz ¯‹z‡j hvq| we_y Mvb Mvq| 2. AmgvwcKv wµqv : †h wµqv Øviv ev‡Kï A_© m¤ú~Y© nq bv, Zv‡K AmgvwcKv wµqv e‡j| †hgb : Avwg evwo wM‡q ....... †m eB wb‡q ........ GLv‡b ÔwM‡qÕ, Ôwb‡qÕ wµqvi Øviv K_v †kl nqwb| ev‡Kï A_© Am¤ú~Y© i‡q‡Q| ev‡Kï A_© m¤ú~Y© Kivi Rb¨ Av‡iv wµqv PvB| †hgb : Avwg evwo wM‡q Lve| †m eB wb‡q co‡Z e‡m‡Q| myZivs, ÔwM‡qÕ, Ôwb‡qÕ n‡”Q AmgvwcKv wµqv| Avi ÔLveÕ, Ôe‡m‡QÕ G¸‡jv mgvwcKv wµqv|

kã I c`

avZz wµqvi g~j Ask‡K avZz e‡j| wµqvc`‡K we‡kølY Ki‡j `y‡Uv Ask cvIqv hvq : 1. avZz ev wµqvg~j : Ki&, hv, Lv, cv, ej&, †`L&, †Lj&, †` BZ¨vw`| 2. wµqvwefw³ : Av, B, wQ, †Q, †e, †Z, †j, jvg BZ¨vw`| avZz wZb cÖKvi| h_v : 1. †gŠwjK avZz 2. mvwaZ avZz 3. †hŠwMK ev ms‡hvMg~jK avZz| 1. †gŠwjK avZz : †hme avZz we‡kølY Kiv hvq bv, Zv‡K †gŠwjK avZz e‡j| †hgb : Ki&, Pj&, co&, eo&, cv, hv, †`, Lv, n& BZ¨vw`| 2. mvwaZ avZz : †gŠwjK avZz ev bvg-k‡ãi c‡i Av-cÖZ¨q‡hv‡M †h avZz MwVZ nq, Zv‡K mvwaZ avZz e‡j| †hgb:

evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

Ki& + Av = Kiv †`L& + Av = †`Lv ej& + Av = ejv 5. †hŠwMK avZz : we‡kl¨, we‡klY ev aŸb¨vZ¥K Ae¨‡qi mv‡_ Ki&, †`, n, cv, Lv BZ¨vw` †gŠwjK avZz wgwjZ n‡q †h bZzb avZz MwVZ nq, Zv‡K †hŠwMK ev ms‡hvMg~jK avZz e‡j| †hgb : fq Ki&, fv‡jv n&, DËi †`, gvi Lv, `ytL cv BZ¨vw`|

4.6 †gŠwjK I mvwaZ avZz †gŠwjK avZz : †gŠwjK avZz‡K fvOv ev we‡kølY Kiv hvq bv| G¸‡jv‡K wm× ev ¯^qswm× avZzI ejv n‡q _v‡K| evsjv fvlvq †gŠwjK avZz wZb cÖKvi| h_v : 1. ms¯‹…Z avZz 2. evsjv avZz 3. we‡`kvMZ avZz 1. ms¯‹…Z avZz : Zrmg wµqvc‡ì avZz‡K ms¯‹…Z avZz e‡j| †hgb : A¼& + Ab = A¼b : †QvU‡ì wPÎv¼b cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq we_y cÖ_g n‡q‡Q| `„k& + h = `„k¨ : `yN©Ubvi gg©vwšÍK `„k¨ eY©bv Kiv hvq bv| K… + Ze¨ = KZ©e¨ : QvÎ‡ì KZ©e¨ †jLvcov Kiv| nm& + h = nvm¨ : AKviY nvm¨cwinvm Z¨vM Ki| 2. evsjv avZz : †hme avZz ms¯‹…Z †_‡K cÖvK…‡Zi gva¨‡g cwiewZ©Z n‡q evsjvq eëüZ nq, Zv‡K evsjv avZz ev LuvwU evsjv avZz e‡j| †hgb : AuvK& + Av = AuvKv : Kxme AuvKvAuvwK KiQ? †`L& + Av = †`Lv : Rv`yNi Avgvi K‡qKevi †`Lv| Ki& + A = Ki : Zzwg Kx Ki? nvm& + B = nvwm : †Zvgvi nvwmwU Lye my›ì| 3. we‡`kvMZ avZz : we‡`wk fvlv †_‡K AvMZ †hme avZz evsjv fvlvq eëüZ nq, Zv‡K we‡`kvMZ avZz ev we‡`wk avZz e‡j| †hgb :

kã I c`

LvU& + †e = LvU‡e : hZ †ewk LvU‡e ZZB mydj cv‡e| weMo& + Av‡bv : †Zvgvi weMov‡bv †Q‡j‡K fv‡jv Kivi mva¨ Avgvi †bB| Uvb& + Av : Avgv‡K wb‡q UvbvUvwb K‡iv bv, Avwg hve bv| Rg& + AvU = RgvU : AÜKvi †ek RgvU †eu‡a‡Q| mvwaZ avZz : †gŠwjK avZz ev bvg k‡ãi c‡i Av-cÖZ¨q‡hv‡M mvwaZ avZz MwVZ n‡q _v‡K| mvwaZ avZz wZb cÖKvi| h_v : 1. cÖ‡hvRK avZz 2. bvg avZz 3. Kg©ev‡Pï avZz 1. cÖ‡hvRK avZz : †gŠwjK avZzi c‡i ( Aci‡K wb‡qvwRZ Kiv A‡_©) Av-cÖZ¨q‡hv‡M †h avZz MwVZ nq, Zv‡K cÖ‡hvRK avZz ev wYRšÍ avZz e‡j| †hgb : co& + Av = wkÿK QvÎ‡ì cov‡”Qb| Ki& + Av = †m wb‡R K‡i bv, Ab¨‡K w`‡q Kivq| bvP& + Av = bvPv : ÔI‡i †fuvò wd‡i Pv, LyKzi bvPb †`‡L hv|Õ 2. bvg avZz : we‡kl¨, we‡klY I AbyKvi Ae¨‡qi c‡i Av-cÖZ¨q‡hv‡M MwVZ avZz‡K bvg avZz e‡j| †hgb : Nyg& + Av : evev Nygv‡”Qb| agK& +Av : Avgv‡K hZB agKvI, Avwg G KvR Kie bv| nvZ& + Av : A‡bï c‡KU nvZv‡bv Avgvi ¯^fve bq| 3. Kg©ev‡Pï avZz : ev‡K¨ KZ©vi †P‡q K‡g©i mv‡_ hLb wµqvi m¤úK© cÖavb n‡q I‡V, ZLb †m wµqv‡K Kg©ev‡Pï wµqv e‡j| Kg©ev‡Pï wµqvi g~j‡K Kg©ev‡Pï avZz e‡j| †gŠwjK avZzi mv‡_ Av-cÖZ¨q‡hv‡M Kg©ev‡Pï avZz MwVZ nq| †hgb : Ki& + Av = Kiv : Avwg †Zvgv‡K A¼wU Ki‡Z e‡jwQ| nvi& + Av = nviv : eBwU nvwi‡q †d‡jwQ| Lv + Iqv = LvIqv : †Zvgvi LvIqv n‡j Avgv‡K e‡jv|

evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

AKg©K wµqv

1. Avwg wUwdb †L‡qwQ|

1. Avwg wUwd‡b †L‡qwQ|

2. mwjgDwÏb mv‡ne RvKvZ w`‡q‡Qb|

2. mwjgDwÏb mv‡ne RvKv‡Z w`‡q‡Qb|

3. gvLb ivq Mvb Mv‡”Q|

3. gvLb ivq Mv‡b g‡R‡Q|

4.8 wµqvi Kvj : eZ©gvb, AZxZ, fwel¨r I AbyÁv jÿ Ki : 1. AvR ¯‹zj †Lvjv| 2. MZKvj ¯‹zj eÜ wQj| 3. AvMvgxKvj †_‡K cixÿv ïiy| Ic‡ii evK¨ wZbwU‡Z wµqvc`¸‡jv wb®úbœ nevi wewfbœ mgq †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g ev‡K¨ Ô†LvjvÕ wµqvwU eZ©gvb mg‡q wb®úbœ nq| wØZxq ev‡K¨ ÔwQjÕ wµqvwU c~‡e© ev AZx‡Z m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq

kã I c`

ev‡K¨ Ôn‡eÕ wµqvwU Øviv KvRwU c‡i ev fwel¨‡Z m¤úbœ n‡e Ggb fve cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| †`Lv hv‡”Q, g‡bvfve cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ ev‡K¨i wµqvc` wewfbœ mgq ev Kv‡j m¤úbœ nIqv wb‡`©k K‡i _v‡K| wµqv m¤úbœ nIqvi GB mgq ev Kvj‡K wµqvi Kvj e‡j| wµqvi Kvj wZb cÖKvi| h_v : 1. eZ©gvb Kvj 2. AZxZ Kvj 3. fwel¨r Kvj 1. eZ©gvbKvj : †h wµqv GLb m¤úbœ nq ev n‡”Q eySvq, Zv‡K eZ©gvbKvj e‡j| †hgb : Avwg cwo| †m hvq| KvKwj †`Šovq| AvBDe Mvb Mvq| 2. AZxZKvj : †h wµqv Av‡MB m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q, Zvi Kvj‡K AZxZKvj e‡j| †hgb : Avwg Zv‡K †`‡LwQjvg| MZKvj XvKv wM‡qwQjvg| gv ivbœv KiwQ‡jb| 3. fwel¨rKvj : †h wµqv AvMvgx‡Z ev fwel¨‡Z m¤úbœ n‡e Ggb †evSvq, Zvi Kvj‡K fwel¨rKvj e‡j| †hgb : e„wó Avm‡e| mxgv Kvj Mvb MvB‡e| cv_© bvP‡e| cÖ‡Z¨KwU Kvj Avevi K‡qK fv‡M wef³| h_v : 1. eZ©gvbKvj : K. mvaviY eZ©gvb L. NUgvb eZ©gvb M. cyivNwUZ eZ©gvb 2. AZxZKvj : K. mvaviY AZxZ L. NUgvb AZxZ

M. cyivNwUZ AZxZ

3. fwel¨rKvj : K. mvaviY fwel¨r L. NUgvb fwel¨r M. cyivNwUZ fwel¨r

N. wbZ¨e„Ë AZxZ

evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

1. eZ©gvbKvj K. mvaviY eZ©gvb : †h wµqvi KvRwU eZ©gv‡b mvaviYfv‡e N‡U ev nq, Zv‡K mvaviY eZ©gvb ev wbZ¨e„Ë eZ©gvbKvj e‡j| †hgb : mKv‡j m~h© I‡V| `yB Avi `yB‡q Pvi nq| Avwg †ivR we`¨vj‡q co‡Z hvB| L. NUgvb eZ©gvb : †h wµqvi KvR eZ©gv‡b NU‡Q ev Pj‡Q, GL‡bv †kl n‡q hvqwb, Zv‡K NUgvb eZ©gvbKvj e‡j| †hgb : Avgvi †QvU fvB wjL‡Q| †Q‡jiv GL‡bv dzUej †Lj‡Q| †Uwjwfk‡b iex›`ªbv‡_i †jLv bvUK †`Lv‡”Q| M. cyivNwUZ eZ©gvb : †h wµqv wKQz Av‡M †kl n‡q‡Q wKšÍy Zvi dj GL‡bv i‡q‡Q, Zv‡K cyivNwUZ eZ©gvbKvj e‡j| †hgb : GLb evev Awdm †_‡K wd‡i‡Qb| Gevi gv †L‡Z †W‡K‡Qb| Ae‡k‡l Avwg Bs‡iwR cov †kl K‡iwQ|

2. AZxZKvj K. mvaviY AZxZ : †h wµqv AZxZKv‡j mvaviYfv‡e msNwUZ n‡q‡Q, Zv‡K mvaviY AZxZKvj e‡j| †hgb : wZwb Lyjbv †_‡K G‡jb| evsjv‡`k wµ‡KU `‡ji AwabvqK Lye fv‡jv e¨vU Ki‡jb| Avwg †Ljv †`‡L Gjvg| L. NUgvb AZxZ: †h wµqv AZxZKv‡j P‡jwQj, ZL‡bv †kl nqwb †evSvq, Zv‡K NUgvb AZxZKvj e‡j| †hgb : wiZv Nygvw”Qj| mygb eB cowQj| Avwg †Q‡j‡ejvi K_v fvewQjvg|

kã I c`

M. cyivNwUZ AZxZ : †h wµqv A‡bK Av‡MB †kl n‡q †M‡Q, Zvi Kvj‡K cyivNwUZ AZxZKvj e‡j| †hgb : Avgiv ivRkvnx wM‡qwQjvg| Zzwg wK Zvi cixÿv wb‡qwQ‡j? Avwg Zv‡K fvZ †L‡Z †`‡LwQjvg| N. wbZë„Ë AZxZ : †h wµqv AZx‡Z cÖvqB NUZ Ggb †evSvq, Zv‡K wbZë„Ë AZxZKvj e‡j| †hgb : evev cÖwZw`b evRvi Ki‡Zb| ¯‹zj QzwUi ci eÜz‡ì m‡½ †ivR cov wb‡q Avjvc KiZvg| QywU‡Z cÖwZ eQi MÖv‡gi evwo‡Z †eov‡Z †hZvg|

3. fwel¨rKvj K. mvaviY fwel¨r : †h wµqv c‡i ev AvMvgx‡Z mvaviYfv‡e msNwUZ n‡e, Zvi Kvj‡K mvaviY fwel¨rKvj e‡j| †hgb : evev AvR Avm‡eb| ÔAvwg ne mKvj‡ejvi cvwL|Õ Zzwg nq‡Zv myKvšÍ fÆvPv‡h©i ÔQvocÎÕ c‡o _vK‡e| L. NUgvb fwel¨r : †h wµqvi KvR fwel¨‡Z ïiy n‡q Pj‡Z _vK‡e, Zvi Kvj‡K NUgvb fwel¨rKvj e‡j| †hgb : mygb nq‡Zv ZLb †`L‡Z _vK‡e| gbxlv †`Šov‡Z _vK‡e| Avwgbv K_v ej‡Z _vK‡e| M. cyivNwUZ fwel¨r : †h wµqv m¤¢eZ N‡U wM‡q‡Q Ges †mwU †evSv‡Z mvaviY fwel¨rKvj‡evaK kã e¨envi Kiv nq, Ggb n‡j Zvi Kvj‡K cyivNwUZ fwel¨rKvj e‡j| †hgb : Zzwg nq‡Zv Avgv‡K G K_v e‡j _vK‡e| m¤¢eZ AvMvgxKvj cixÿvi dj †ei n‡e| KvÂb †evanq KwVb A¼Uv ey‡S _vK‡e|

evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

4. AbyÁv Av‡`k, Aby‡iva, AbygwZ, cÖv_©bv BZ¨vw` †evSv‡Z eZ©gvb I fwel¨rKv‡ji ga¨gcyiy‡l wµqvc‡`i †h i~c nq, Zv‡K AbyÁv e‡j| †hgb : 1. eZ©gvbKv‡ji AbyÁv : †Zvgiv KvR K‡iv| †ivnvb wjLyK| wg_¨v K_v e‡jv bv| A¼Uv eywS‡q †`‡eb? Avgv‡K Zzwg iÿv K‡iv, cÖfz| Av‡`k Kiyb Ruvnvcbv| eZ©gvbKv‡ji AbyÁvi ga¨g I bvgcyiy‡li i~c : aib

me©bvg

wefw³

wµqvc`

Zz”Qv_©K

ZzB, †Zviv

-0 k~b¨

Ki&, hv, cv, Lv, †`

mvaviY

Zzwg, †Zvgiv, †m, Zviv

-A, -I, -DK

K‡iv, hvI, LvI, †`I

m¤£gvZ¥K

Avcwb, Avcbviv, Zuviv, wZwb

-Db, -b, -Gb

hvDb, hvb, Kiyb, K‡ib

2. fwel¨rKv‡ji AbyÁv :

me mgq mwZ¨ ej‡e| eo nI, eyS‡Z cvi‡e| Amy¯’ n‡j Ilya Lv‡e|

fwel¨rKv‡ji AbyÁvi ga¨g I bvgcyiy‡li i~c : aib Zz”Qv_©K

me©bvg ZzB, †Zviv

wefw³ -m

wµqvc` Kwim, hvm, Lvm

mvaviY

Zzwg, †Zvgiv, †m, Zviv

-I, -†e

K‡iv, Ki‡e, †LI, hv‡e

m¤£gvZ¥K

Avcwb, Avcbviv, Zuviv, wZwb

-†eb

Ki‡eb, †`L‡eb, hv‡eb, †`‡eb

kã I c`

Kg©-Abykxjb 1. evey‡ì evwoi †Q‡j¸‡jv Lye fv‡jv| Zviv we¯Íi †jLvcov K‡i| mKj †jvK Zv‡ì fv‡jvev‡m| ¯‹z‡j Iiv wkÿKgÊjxi bqbgwY| Zviv eÜzgn‡jI A‡bK RbwcÖq| ¸iyR‡biv I‡ì iex›`ªbv‡_i ÔMí¸”QÕ cwo‡q‡Qb| ÑDc‡ii Aby‡”Q`wU‡Z †gvUv `v‡Mi kã¸‡jv eûePb cÖKvkK cÖZ¨q I kã| G¸‡jv †Zvgvi LvZvq †jL| Zvici G¸‡jvi †KvbwU cÖvwYevPK †KvbwU AcÖvwYevPK ev †KvbwU Dfq‡ÿ‡Î eëüZ nq Zv GKwU Q‡Ki g‡a¨ cÖKvk Ki| 2. Avgvi evev GKRb wkÿK| PvPv miKvwi nvmcvZv‡ji Wv³vi| Avgvi gvgv GKRb cywjk Awdmvi| Avgvi `vw` I bvwb Avgv‡K Lye fv‡jvev‡mb| Avgv‡ì GKRb M„nKg©x Av‡Q, Zv‡K mevB e‡j Avqv| Avwg I¯Ív‡ì Kv‡Q Mvb wkwL| Avgvi I¯Ív` GKRb eo MvqK| Avgv‡ì gvjx Avgv‡K dzj Mv‡Qi hZœ Ki‡Z †kLvq| ivRv-ev`kvn, ivÿm-`vbe-f~Z-wckv‡Pi Mí †kvbvq| Avgvi eÜz gvjvI Gme Mí †kv‡b| Zvi GKwU †gwb †eovj Av‡Q, †mwUI †kv‡b| ÑDc‡ii Aby‡”Q` †_‡K wewfbœ wj½evPK kã¸‡jv Luy‡R †ei Ki Ges †m¸‡jvi †KvbwU †Kvb †kªwYi wj‡½i AšÍM©Z ZvwjKvKv‡i †jL| 3. b`x cvi n‡q, Icv‡o Kz‡gvi‡ì GKUv MÖv‡gi †fZ‡i mvivw`b †`LwQ I‡ì gvwUi KvR| nuvwo cvwZj miv mvbwK ˆZwi Ki‡Q Iiv| †ewk †KŠZ~nj wb‡q †`‡LwQ cvUvi KvR| gvwUi cvUvq dz‡ji bKkv, iex›`ªbv_, †eYxeÜbiZ hyeZxi wPÎ, Rqby‡ji AuvKv Miyi PvKv †V‡j †Zvjvi cÖwZwjwc, DošÍ cix, gq~icw•L †bŠ‡Kvi wPÎ, †PvL ey‡R bRiyj †h euvwk evRv‡”Qb, †mB d‡UvMÖv‡di bKj| euvke‡b Av”Qbœ kxZj GKwU MÖv‡g, Awek¦vm¨ wSg aiv bxieZvi †fZ‡i, meyR k¨vIjv aiv Kz‡gvi‡ì cÖv½‡Y mvi w`‡q mvRv‡bv iex›`ªbv_, bRiyj, Rqbyj| ÑDc‡ii Aby‡”Q` †_‡K we‡kl¨ (msÁvevPK, †kªwYevPK, mgwóevPK), wµqv (mgvwcKv, AmgvwcKv) c`¸‡jv Luy‡R †ei K‡i GKwU QK ˆZwi Ki| 4. mvaviY eZ©gvb Kv‡ji wewkó cÖ‡qvM †`wL‡q K‡qKwU evK¨ evbvI| †hgb : K. PÊx`vm e‡jb, Ômevi Dci gvbyl mZ¨ Zvnvi Dc‡i bvB|Õ [ AZxZ Kv‡ji A‡_©, cÖvPxb †jL‡Ki D×„wZ w`‡Z ] L. GLb Z‡e Avwm| [ fwel¨rKv‡ji A‡_©, AbygwZ cÖv_©bvq ]

cÂg cwi‡”Q`

kãMVb 5. kãMVb 5.1 aŸb¨vZ¥K kã, AbyKvi kã I kã‰ØZ 5.2 kã MVb : cÖv_wgK aviYv 5. kãMVb 5.1 aŸb¨vZ¥K kã, AbyKvi kã I kã‰ØZ aŸb¨vZ¥K kã †Kv‡bv wKQzi ¯^vfvweK ev KvíwbK AbyK…wZwewkó k‡ãi i~c‡K aŸb¨vZ¥K kã e‡j| †hgb : †ND †ND (KzKz‡ii WvK ev aŸwb) go go (MvQ †f‡O covi kã) Vv Vv (†iv‡`i ZxeªZvi Abyfe) aŸb¨vZ¥K kã KZ¸‡jv aŸwbi wgwjZ i~c| GB mw¤§wjZ aŸwb GKw`‡K Kv‡b †kvbv aŸwbi AbyKi‡Y m„ó, Ab¨w`‡K gvby‡li bvbv m~² Abyf~wZi cÖZxK| evsjv fvlvq aŸb¨vZ¥K kã¸‡jvi wbR¯^ †Kv‡bv A_© †bB| wKšÍy ev‡K¨ e¨eüZ n‡j G¸‡jv we‡kl Zvrch©c~Y© A_© cÖKvk K‡i _v‡K| †hgb :

1. gvby‡li aŸwbi AbyK…wZ : †fD †fD : †jvKwU †fD †fD K‡i Kvbœv ïiy Kij| wn wn : GZ wn wn K‡i nvmvi KviY Kx? U¨v U¨v : Kv‡bi Kv‡Q GZ U¨v U¨v K‡iv bv †Zv, gv_v a‡i †Mj| ¸Y¸Y : †g‡qwU ¸Y¸Y K‡i Mvb MvB‡Q| LK LK : ey‡ov †jvKwU LKLK K‡i Kvk‡Q|

kã I c`

AbyKvi kã k‡ãi AbyKi‡Y ev weKv‡i †hme k‡ãi m„wó nq, Zv‡K AbyKvi kã e‡j| AbyKvi kã aŸb¨vZ¥K k‡ãiB iKg‡di gvÎ| †hgb : Av‡evjZv‡evj : †bvgvb mKvj †_‡K Av‡evjZv‡evj e‡K P‡j‡Q| Kvco‡Pvco : gv evB‡i hvevi Rb¨ Kvco‡Pvco c‡i ˆZwi n‡q e‡m Av‡Qb| Lvevi`vevi

: GBgvÎ Lvevi`vevi †kl n‡q‡Q|

†MvQMvQ

: wRwbmcÎ †MvQMvQ K‡i bvI, GÿzwY †eiye|

†PvUcvU

: Avgv‡K †PvUcvU K‡i †Kv‡bv jvf n‡e bv|

Romo

: f‡q †Q‡jUv Romo n‡q Av‡Q|

evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

†U‡bUz‡b : †g‡qwU †U‡bUz‡b cvm K‡i‡Q| wdUdvU : nxiv me mgq wdUdvU _v‡K| e‡KS‡K : ïay e‡KS‡K Kx †Q‡j‡g‡q gvbyl Kiv hvq? wgUgvU : mgm¨vUv wgUgvU n‡q †M‡Q| ivbœvevbœv : ivbœvevbœv †kl, Gevi Lvevi cvjv| †kl‡gk : NUbvwU †kl‡gk eo KZ©vi Kv‡b wM‡q DVj| nvev‡Mvev : nvejy GL‡bv nvev‡MvevB †_‡K †Mj|

kã‰ØZ evsjv fvlvq †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv kã, c` ev AbyKvi kã GKevi eënvi Ki‡j †h A_© cÖKvk K‡i, †m¸‡jv `yevi eënvi Ki‡j Zvi A‡_©i m¤cÖmviY N‡U ev we‡klfv‡e †Rviv‡jv Awfe¨w³ cÖKvk cvq| G¸‡jv‡K wØiy³ kã e‡j| †hgb : R¡i (†ivM we‡kl) : Avgvi R¡i n‡q‡Q| R¡i R¡i (R¡‡ii fve, R¡i bq) : Avgvi R¡i R¡i †eva n‡”Q| gvby‡li ˆ`bw›`b K_vevZ©vq G iKg cÖPzi wØiy³ kã eëüZ nq| G ai‡bi wØiy³ kã‡K wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v : 1. k‡ãi wØiyw³ ev kã‰ØZ 2. c‡ì wØiyw³ ev c`‰ØZ 3. aŸb¨vZ¥K wØiyw³ kã‰ØZ : GKB kã ci ci `yevi eëüZ n‡q wewkó A_© cÖKvk Ki‡j Zv‡K k‡ãi wØiyw³ ev kã‰ØZ e‡j| kã‰ØZ bvbvfv‡e MwVZ n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb: 1. GKB kã `yevi eënvi K‡i : eQi eQi

: eQi eQi cixÿvq fvj dj Ki‡Qv, G‡Z Avgiv mevB Lywk|

e¯Ív e¯Ív

: e¯Ív e¯Ív avb f‡i wb‡q UªvKwU P‡j †Mj|

†duvUv †duvUv : eviv›`vi Qv` †_‡K †duvUv †duvUv cvwb co‡Q| Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í : GKUz Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í Pj, Avgvi cv‡q e¨_v| Pj‡Z Pj‡Z : Pj‡Z Pj‡Z K_v e‡jv|

kã I c`

g‡b g‡b

: g‡b g‡b covi †P‡q AvIqvR K‡i cov fvj|

R‡b R‡b

: mKv‡j m~h© I‡V GK_v R‡b R‡b wR‡Ám K‡i Rvbvi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|

K_vq K_vq : K_vq K_vq †Zvgvi K_v G‡m †Mj| †L‡q †L‡q : G mgv‡R A‡b‡KB †L‡q †L‡q †`nUv Avjyi e¯Ívi g‡Zv K‡i †d‡j‡Q| e‡j e‡j

: Ô†Zv‡K w`‡q wKQyB n‡e bvÕÑ GK_v e‡j e‡j meyR‡K g‡bvejnxb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

2. GKB k‡ãi mgv_©K (cÖvq) Avi-GKwU kã e¨envi K‡i : Avkv-fimv AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb K_v-evZ©v Pvj-Pjb XvK‡Xvj ab‡`ŠjZ fqWi gv_vgyÊz myLkvwšÍ

: : : : : : : : :

3. †Rvo k‡ãi ci-Ask AvswkK cwieZ©b K‡i : KvQvKvwQ †P‡qwP‡šÍ WvKvWvwK gviai ivMvivwM

: : : : :

K_vmvwnwZ¨K nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki evwoi KvQvKvwQ Avgiv _vwK| A‡bK †P‡qwP‡šÍ Zvi KvQ †_‡K wKQz UvKv avi K‡i G‡bwQ| Avgv‡K WvKvWvwK Kivi `iKvi n‡e bv, mgq g‡Zv P‡j hve| GZ gviai †L‡qI †PviwU Pzwi Kiv gvjvgvj †diZ w`j bv| G‡mv ivMvivwM bv K‡i e¨vcviUv wgwU‡q †dwj|

4. wecixZ kã‡hv‡M : Avmj-bKj Avmv-hvIqv B”Qv-Awb”Qv †ePv-†Kbv Rb¥-g„Zz¨ †`bv-cvIbv

: : : : : :

fv‡jv-g›` nvi-wRZ

evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

: gvby‡li Pwi‡Î fv‡jv-g›` `yw`KB _v‡K| : †Ljvq nvi-wRZ _vK‡eB|

5. AbyKvi aŸwb‡hv‡M : UzcUvc UzsUvs wPKwPK kbkb QjQj UbUb

: : : : : :

5.2 kãMVb : cÖv_wgK aviYv GK ev GKvwaK A_©c~Y© aŸwbi mgwó‡K kã e‡j| A_©B k‡ãi cÖvY| kãB ev‡K¨ e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g gvbyl g‡bi fve cwic~Y©fv‡e cÖKvk K‡i| GRb¨ bZzb bZzb kãMVb Ki‡Z nq| bvbv Dcv‡q kãMVb n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb : 1. e¨Äbe‡Y©i mv‡_ ÔKviÕ †hvM K‡i : e& + v + o& + w = evwo Z& + „ + Y = Z…Y GiKg : Mvwo, evev, wel, †bŠKv, KvKwj, ivRkvnx BZ¨vw`| 2. e¨Äbe‡Y©i mv‡_ ÔdjvÕ †hvM K‡i : K& + i = µ : eµ K& + j = K¬ : K¬všÍ GiKg : Pµ, evK¨,cÙ, ivbœv BZ¨vw`| G¸‡jv n‡”Q kãMV‡bi cÖv_wgK Dcvq| evsjv fvlvq Ggb wKQz kã Av‡Q †h¸‡jv‡K we‡kølY Kiv ev fvOv hvq bv, †m¸‡jv‡K †gŠwjK kã e‡j| †hgb : nvZ, cv, gyL, dzj, cvwL, MvQ BZ¨vw`| Avevi wKQz kã Av‡Q hv wewfbœ Dcv‡q ev cÖwµqvq MwVZ n‡q‡Q| †m¸‡jv‡K ejv nq mvwaZ kã| †hgb : Wze& + Dwi = Wzeywi Ni + Avwg = Nivwg †gN + G = †g‡N BZ¨vw`|

kã I c`

mvwaZ kã bvbv Dcv‡q MwVZ n‡Z cv‡i : 1. †gŠwjK kã‡hv‡M : cvMj + Avwg = cvMjvwg eB + cÎ = eBcÎ 2. k‡ãi †k‡l wefw³ †hvM K‡i : Avgv + †K = Avgv‡K evwo + i = evwoi PÆMÖvg + G = PÆMÖv‡g 3. k‡ãi Av‡M DcmM© †hvM K‡i : A Ñ AKvR, Afve, Abxj, A‡Pbv, A‰_| Av Ñ Av‡avqv, Avjywb, AvMvQv, AvMgb, AvKÉ, Avmgy`ª| wb Ñ wbLuyZ, wbjvR, wb‡iU, wbY©q, wbeviY, wb®‹jyl| we Ñ wefuyB, wedj, wec_, weÁvb, weï×, weeY©, wek„•Lj| my Ñ mybRi, myLei, myw`b, mybvg, myKÉ, mybxj, myPZzi| 4. k‡ãi c‡i cÖZ¨q †hvM K‡i : AvB DK BK Ab Lvbv Abxq

5. mwÜi mvnv‡h¨ : we`¨v + Avjq = we`¨vjq kxZ + FZ = kxZvZ© mg + Zvc = mšÍvc w`K& + AšÍ = w`MšÍ 6. mgv‡mi mvnv‡h¨ : em‡Zi Rb¨ evwo = emZevwo gyL P‡›`ªi b¨vq = gyLP›`ª b`x gvZv hvi = b`xgvZ…K

ïf + B”Qv = ï‡f”Qv c` + nwZ = c×wZ mg + ev` = msev` cwi + Q` = cwi”Q`

evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

`yB w`‡K Ac hvi = Øxc ixwZ‡K AwZµg bv K‡i = h_vixwZ 7. kã‰Ø‡Zi gva¨‡g : evwo > evwo evwo N‡i > N‡i N‡i Xs > Xs Xs jvj > jvj jvj `‡j > `‡j `‡j

Kg©-Abykxjb 1. Òg‡b Ki, Zzwg iv¯Ív w`‡q nuvUQ nbnwb‡q| †Zvgvi cv‡qi KvQ w`‡q momo K‡i P‡j †Mj GKUv mvc! f‡q †Zvgvi Mv QgQg K‡i DVj| gv_v Ny‡i DVj ebeb K‡i| Zzwg †fD †fD K‡i bv †Ku‡` LuvLuv †ivÏy‡iB kuvkuv K‡i †`Š‡o evwo P‡j G‡j|Ó Ñ GB Aby‡”Q‡` aŸb¨vZ¥K k‡ãi eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zzwg †m¸‡jv wb‡`©k Ki Ges G RvZxq kã eënvi K‡i ZzwgI GKwU Aby‡”Q` †jL| 2. Òw`b w`b Pv‡li Rwg-Rgv Kg‡Q| eb-Ub DRvo n‡q hv‡”Q| gv‡V-gv‡V dmj †bB| e‡be‡b Rxe-RšÍy †bB| eQi-eQi †jvKRb evo‡Q| evwo-Ni, †`vKvbcvU, Kj-KviLvbv n‡”Q| Lvj-wej, cyKzi-UzKzi `Lj I fivU n‡q hv‡”Q| Avgv‡ì cwi‡ek I fwel¨‡Zi R‡b¨ GwU gvivZ¥K ûgwK ¯î~c|Ó Ñ Dc‡ii Aby‡”Q‡` wewfbœ iKg wØiy³ kã eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| †KvbwU †Kvb ai‡bi wØiy³ kã cÖ‡qvM jÿ K‡i A_©mn Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki|

lô cwi‡”Q`

evK¨ 6. 6.1 6.2 6.3

evK¨ evK¨ MV‡bi kZ© : AvKv•ÿv, AvmwË I †hvM¨Zv LÊevK¨, ¯^vaxb I Aaxb LÊevK¨ mij, RwUj I †hŠwMK ev‡K¨i MVb

evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

6.1 evK¨MV‡bi kZ© : AvKv•ÿv, AvmwË, †hvM¨Zv GKwU Av`k© ev mv_©K evK¨ ZLbB MwVZ n‡e hLb evK¨wUi wZbwU ¸Y ev ˆewkó¨ _vK‡e| G ¸Y¸‡jv n‡”Q: 1. AvKv•ÿv

2. AvmwË

3. †hvM¨Zv

1. AvKv•ÿv : ev‡Kï A_© cy‡ivcywi †evSvi Rb¨ GK c` †kvbvi ci Ab¨ c` †kvbvi B”Qv ev AvMÖn‡K AvKv•ÿv e‡j| †hgb : cjvk gb w`‡q †jLvcov ... ej‡j e³vi g‡bi fve m¤ú~Y© †evSv hvq bv| Av‡iv wKQz ejvi evwK _v‡K| Av‡iv wKQz †kvbvi B”Qv Rv‡M| hw` ejv nqÑ cjvk gb w`‡q †jLvcov K‡i| A_ev cjvk gb w`‡q †jLvcov K‡iv| A_ev cjvk gb w`‡q †jLvcov Ki‡e| Z‡e †kvbvi B”QvwU c~Y© nq| Avi Gfv‡e evKÏ m¤ú~Y© nq| 2. AvmwË : ev‡Kï A_©msMwZ iÿv K‡i c`¸‡jv‡K h_vh_fv‡e mvwR‡q ivLvi bvg AvmwË| †hgb : evev evRvi Bwjk †_‡K G‡b‡Qb| ÑGLv‡b e³v hv ej‡Z †P‡q‡Qb Zvi me DcKiY Av‡Q| wKšÍy c`¸‡jv h_vh_fv‡e mvRv‡bv nqwb| d‡j my¯úó †Kv‡bv A_©I cÖKvk cvqwb| wKšÍyÑ evev evRvi †_‡K Bwjk G‡b‡Qb| Gfv‡e †jLv n‡j e³e¨wUi A_© cy‡ivcywi cwi®‹vi n‡q GKwU myMwVZ evK¨ n‡Zv| ZvB mv_©K ev‡K¨ eëüZ c`¸‡jvi h_vh_ Ae¯’v‡b _vKv Avek¨K| 3. †hvM¨Zv : ev‡Kï AšÍM©Z c`¸‡jvi g‡a¨ A‡_©i msMwZ I fv‡ei wgjeÜb‡K †hvM¨Zv e‡j| †hgb : Avgiv eowk w`‡q gvQ awi| GwU GKwU mv_©K evK¨| †Kbbv GLv‡b c`¸‡jvi A_©MZ I fveMZ wgj iwÿZ n‡q Zv wek¦v‡mi Rb¥ w`‡q‡Q| wKšÍyÑ Avgiv eowk w`‡q bvi‡Kj cvwo|

evK¨

6.2 LÊevK¨, ¯^vaxb I Aaxb LÊevK¨ LÊevK¨ cÖwZwU ev‡Kï `ywU Ask _v‡K : 1. D‡Ïk¨ : ev‡K¨ hvi m¤ú‡K© wKQz ejv nq, Zv‡K D‡Ïk¨ e‡j| †hgb : wkgyj gv‡V †Lj‡Z †Mj| 2. we‡aq : ev‡K¨ D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© hv ejv nq, Zv‡K we‡aq e‡j| †hgb : wkgyj gv‡V †Lj‡Z †Mj| GKwU D‡Ïk¨ I GKwU we‡aq wµqvi (mgvwcKv) mgwó hw` wb‡R GKwU ¯^vaxb evK¨ wn‡m‡e eëüZ bv n‡q Ab¨ †Kv‡bv e„nËi ev‡Kï Aski~‡c eëüZ nq, Zv‡K LÊevK¨ e‡j| †hgb : hviv fv‡jv †Q‡j, Zviv wkÿ‡Ki Av‡`k cvjb K‡i| ÑG ev‡K¨ `ywU LÊevK¨ Av‡Q : 1. hviv fv‡jv †Q‡j 2. Zviv wkÿ‡Ki Av‡`k cvjb K‡i| `ywU evK¨B †h‡nZz GKwU eo ev‡Kï Ask, †m‡nZz evK¨vsk `ywU eo ev‡Kï LÊevK¨| LÊev‡K¨ GKwUgvÎ mgvwcKv wµqv _v‡K Ges Zv Ab¨ GKwU ev‡Kï Aski~‡c eëüZ nq| LÊevK¨ `y iK‡gi nq| h_v : 1. ¯^vaxb LÊevK¨ 2. Aaxb LÊevK¨ 1. ¯^vaxb LÊevK¨ : GKwU eo ev‡Kï AšÍM©Z †h LÊevK¨ Zvi wb‡Ri A_© cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ Ab¨ †Kv‡bv LÊev‡Kï Ici wbf©ikxj bq, Zv‡K ¯^vaxb ev cÖavb LÊevK¨ e‡j| †hgb : hviv fv‡jv †Q‡j, Zviv wkÿ‡Ki Av‡`k cvjb K‡i| G ev‡Kï ÔZviv wkÿ‡Ki Av‡`k cvjb K‡iÕÑ G LÊevK¨wU‡K Avjv`v evK¨ wn‡m‡eI †jLv †h‡Z cv‡i| ¯^vaxb LÊevK¨‡K m¤ú~Y© evK¨ †_‡K Zz‡j wb‡q Avjv`vfv‡e wjL‡jI Zvi c~Y© A_© cÖKvk cvq|

evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

2. Aaxb LÊevK¨ : GKwU eo ev‡Kï AšÍM©Z †h LÊevK¨wU Zvi A_© m¤ú~Y©i~‡c cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ ¯^vaxb LÊev‡Kï Ici wbf©ikxj, Zv‡K Aaxb LÊevK¨ ev AvwkªZ ev AcÖavb LÊevK¨ e‡j| Aaxb LÊevK¨‡K m¤ú~Y© evK¨ †_‡K Zz‡j wb‡q Avjv`vfv‡e wjL‡j Zvi cwic~Y© A_© cÖKvk cvq bv, AvKv•ÿv †_‡K hvq| †hgb : hviv fv‡jv †Q‡j, Zviv wkÿ‡Ki Av‡`k cvjb K‡i| G ev‡Kï Ôhviv fv‡jv †Q‡jÕ LÊevK¨‡K Avjv`v K‡i wjL‡j ÔAvKv•ÿvÕ ¸‡Yi weNœ N‡U|

Aaxb LÊevK¨ wZb iK‡gi : K. we‡kl¨¯’vbxq Aaxb LÊevK¨ : †h Aaxb LÊevK¨ ¯^vaxb LÊev‡Kï †h-†Kv‡bv c‡ì Aaxb †_‡K we‡k‡lï KvR K‡i, Zv‡K we‡kl¨¯’vbxq Aaxb LÊevK¨ e‡j| †hgb : Avwg evwo wM‡q †`Ljvg, mevi LvIqv n‡q †M‡Q| L. we‡klY¯’vbxq Aaxb LÊevK¨ : †h Aaxb LÊevK¨ ¯^vaxb LÊev‡Kï AšÍM©Z †Kv‡bv we‡kl¨ ev me©bv‡gi †`vl, ¸Y, Ae¯’v cÖKvk K‡i, Zv‡K we‡klY¯’vbxq Aaxb LÊevK¨ e‡j| †hgb : †h cwikªg K‡i, †m-B myL jvf K‡i| (Aaxb LÊevK¨wU Ô†m-BÕ me©bv‡gi Ae¯’v cÖKvk Ki‡Q) M. wµqv-we‡klY¯’vbxq Aaxb LÊevK¨ : †h Aaxb LÊevK¨ wµqvc‡ì ¯’vb, Kvj I KviY wb‡`©kK A‡_© eëüZ nq, Zv‡K wµqv-we‡klY¯’vbxq Aaxb LÊevK¨ e‡j| †hgb : Ôhw` †Zvi WvK ï‡b †KD bv Av‡m, Z‡e GKjv P‡jv †i|Õ

6.3 mij, RwUj I †hŠwMK ev‡K¨i MVb MVb Abymv‡i evK¨ wZb cÖKvi| h_v : 1. mij evK¨ 2. RwUj evK¨ 3. †hŠwMK evK¨ 1. mij evK¨ : †h ev‡K¨ GKwU KZ©v ev D‡Ïk¨ I GKwUB mgvwcKv wµqv ev we‡aq _v‡K, Zv‡K mij evK¨ e‡j| †hgb : †LvKb eB co‡Q| Avwg eû K‡ó muvZvi wk‡LwQ| RM‡Z Am¤¢e e‡j wKQz †bB|

evK¨

2. RwUj evK¨ : †h ev‡K¨ GKwU ¯^vaxb evK¨ Ges GK ev GKvwaK Aaxb evK¨ ci¯úi mv‡cÿfv‡e eëüZ nq, Zv‡K RwUj evK¨ ev wgkª evK¨ e‡j| †hgb : whwb c‡ii DcKvi K‡ib, Zuv‡K mevB kª×v K‡i| †Kv_vI c_ bv †c‡q †Zvgvi Kv‡Q G‡mwQ| Zzwg Avm‡e e‡j Avwg A‡cÿv K‡i AvwQ| 3. †hŠwMK evK¨ : `yB ev Zvi AwaK mij ev RwUj evK¨ wgwjZ n‡q hw` GKwU m¤ú~Y© evK¨ MVb K‡i, Z‡e Zv‡K †hŠwMK evK¨ e‡j| †hgb : †Q‡jwU Mwie wKšÍy †gavex| `ytL Ges wec` GK mv‡_ Av‡m| GZÿY A‡cÿv Kijvg wKšÍy Mvwo †cjvg bv| RwUj I †hŠwMK evK¨ GKvwaK evK¨vsk ev evK¨ w`‡q MwVZ| RwUj ev‡Kï AšÍM©Z evK¨vsk¸‡jv ci¯úi mv‡cÿ, GKwU AciwUi Ici wbf©ikxj| †hŠwMK ev‡Kï AšÍM©Z evK¨¸‡jv cÖvq ¯^Zš¿| I, Ges, Avi, A_P, wKsev, eis BZ¨vw` Ae¨q‡hv‡M †hŠwMK ev‡Kï AšÍM©Z LÊevK¨¸‡jv hy³ nq| †hgb : RwUj : hwÌ †jvKwU abx, ZeyI †m K…cY| †hŠwMK : †jvKwU abx wKšÍy K…cY| RwUj : hwÌ Zuvi UvKv Av‡Q, Zey wZwb `vb K‡ib bv| †hŠwMK : Zuvi UvKv Av‡Q wKšÍy wZwb `vb K‡ib bv| RwUj : hLb wec` Av‡m, ZLb `ytLI Av‡m| †hŠwMK : wec` Ges `ytL GKB mv‡_ Av‡m|

evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

Kg©-Abykxjb 1. †Zvgvi evwo‡Z 3/4 eQi eq‡mi †Kv‡bv wkï Av‡Q? _vK‡j (bv _vK‡j Ab¨ evwoi) Zvi Av‡av-Av‡av K_v¸‡jv gb w`‡q †kvbvi I †evSvi †Póv Ki| †`L‡e †m Aí K‡qKwU kã e¨envi K‡i Zvi g‡bi mKj fve cÖKvk Kivi †Póv Ki‡Q| †m¸‡jv †Zvgvi Kv‡Q AmsjMœ ev G‡jv‡g‡jv I nvm¨Ki g‡b n‡e| Zvi GB G‡jv‡g‡jv K_v¸‡jv †Zvgvi we‡ePbvq ev‡K¨i †Kvb ¸Y ev jÿY e¨vnZ K‡i‡Q? Av‡av-Av‡av K_v ejv †Kv‡bv wkïi wKQz AmsjMœ nvm¨Ki K_vi D‡jøL K‡i GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b cÖ¯‘Z Ki| (GwU GKwU `je× KvRI n‡Z cv‡i|) 2. GKwU KZ©v I GKwU mgvwcKv wµqv Av‡Q Ggb `kwU evK¨ †jL| Gici mgvwcKv wµqv‡K AcwiewZ©Z †i‡L evK¨wUi †Kv‡bv Ask‡K RwUj ev‡K¨ i~cvšÍi Ki| Zvici h_vm¤¢e ms‡hvRK ev we‡qvRK Ae¨‡qi cÖ‡qv‡M evK¨wU‡K †hŠwMK ev‡K¨ i~cvšÍi Ki| †hgb : Zvi eqm n‡jI eyw× nqwb| RwUj evK¨ : Zvi eqm n‡q‡Q, eyw× nqwb| †hŠwMK evK¨ : Zvi eqm n‡q‡Q wKšÍy eyw× nqwb| 3. wb‡Pi evK¨¸‡jv‡Z MVbMZ w`K †_‡K †Kvb †Kvb ¸‡Yi Afve N‡U‡Q LvZvq †jL: K. Kvj Avwg hv‡ev †Uª‡b evwo K‡i| L. m~h© cwðg w`‡K Dw`Z nq| M. gb w`‡q Ki m‡e...|

mßg cwi‡”Q`

weivg-wPý 7. weivg-wPý 7.1 weivg-wPý 7.2 Kgv, †mwg‡Kvjb, †Kvjb I nvB‡d‡bi eënvi Kg©-Abykxjb 7. weivg-wPý 7.1 weivg-wPý gvbyl GKUvbv K_v ej‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB Zv‡K gv‡S gv‡S _vg‡Z nq| ZvQvov Ab¨‡K K_v¸‡jv †evSvi mgqI w`‡Z nq| †jLvi †ejvqI †Zgwb gv‡S gv‡S weiwZ w`‡Z nq| K_v _vgv‡Z nq k¦vm †bevi Rb¨| †jLv _vgv‡Z ev‡K¨ eëüZ nq bvbv iKg wPý ev ms‡KZ| GB wPý ev ms‡KZB weivg-wPý| G‡K hwZ ev †Q`-wPýI ejv n‡q _v‡K| weivg-wPý eënv‡ii d‡j ev‡Kï A_© my¯úó nq| wjwLZ ev‡K¨ A_© my¯úófv‡e cÖKvk K‡i gvby‡li Av‡eM, Abyf~wZ BZ¨vw` e¨³ Kivi Rb¨ †h wQýmg~n eënvi Kiv nq Zv‡K weivg-wPý e‡j| wb‡P ev‡K¨ eëüZ wewfbœ cÖKvi weivg wP‡ýi bvg, AvK…wZ wb‡`©k Kiv n‡jv: weivg wP‡ýi bvg

AvK…wZ

Kgv

†mwg‡Kvjb

;

`uvwo

wRÁvmvwPý

we¯§qwPý

†Kvjb

†Kvjb W¨vm

W¨vm

evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

nvB‡db

D×iYwPý / D×„wZwPý

ÒÓ

eÜbx wPý

( ), { }, [ ]

weKí wPý

B‡jK / †jvcwPý / EaŸ©Kgv

DwjøwLZ weivg wPý¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wKQz wPý e³vi g‡bvfv‡ei mgvwß †evSv‡Z ev‡Kï †k‡l e‡m| wKQz wPý e³vi g‡bvfv‡ei A_© my¯úófv‡e †evSv‡Z ev‡Kï g‡a¨ e‡m| ev‡Kï †k‡l eëüZ weivgwPý¸‡jv n‡”Q : ùvwo (| ), wRÁvmvwPý ( ? ) I we¯§qwPý ( ! )|

ùvwo (| ) e³vi ev †jL‡Ki g‡bvfv‡ei mgvwß †evSv‡Z ev‡Kï †k‡l ùvwo ev c~Y©‡”Q` e‡m| †hgb : Avgiv evsjv‡`‡k evm Kwi|

wRÁvmvwPý ( ? ) e³vi g‡b †Kv‡bv wKQz Rvbvi AvMÖn Rb¥v‡j Zv Rvb‡Z ev‡K¨i †k‡l wRÁvmvwPý ev cÖkœwPý e‡m| †hgb : †Zvgvi bvg Kx?

we¯§qwPý ( ! ) e³vi g‡bi wewfbœ Av‡eM †hgb : Avb›`, †e`bv, `ytL, fq, N„Yv BZ¨vw` cÖKvk Ki‡Z Ges m‡¤^vab c‡ì c‡i we¯§qwPý ev m‡¤^vabwPý e‡m| †hgb : 1. Avnv! Kx my›ì `„k¨! 2. gv‡Mv! Zzwg KLb G‡j! ev‡Kï g‡a¨ eëüZ weivg-wPý¸‡jv n‡”Q : Kgv ( , ), †mwg‡Kvjb ( ; ), †Kvjb ( : ), nvB‡db (- ), W¨vm ( Ñ ), EaŸ©Kgv ( Õ ), D×„wZwPý ( Ò Ó ), weKí wPý ( / )|

7.2 Kgv, †mwg‡Kvjb, †Kvjb I nvB‡d‡bi e¨envi Kgv ( , ) ev‡K¨ Aí weiwZ †evSv‡Z Kgv e‡m| bvbv cÖ‡qvR‡b ev‡K¨ KgvwPý e¨eüZ nq| †hgb :

weivg-wPý

†mwg‡Kvjb ( ; ) GKvwaK ev‡Kï g‡a¨ wbKU m¤úK© _vK‡j Zv‡ì gv‡S †hvMm~Î iÿvi Rb¨ †mwg‡Kvjb eënvi Kiv nq| †mwg‡KvjbwPý Kgvi †P‡q wØ¸Y mgq weiwZ †bq| †hgb : 1. `y‡Uv ev‡Kï g‡a¨ fve ev A‡_©i m¤^Ü _vK‡j †mwg‡Kvjb e‡m| †hgb : w`bUv fv‡jv bq; gv‡S gv‡S e„wó co‡Q| K_vUv ejv mnR; Kiv KwVb| 2. GKvwaK evK¨ ms‡hvRK Ae¨‡qi Øviv hy³ bv n‡j †mwg‡Kvjb e‡m| †hgb : Av‡M ¯‹z‡ji cov; c‡i M‡íi eB| 3. †hme Ae¨q êcixZ¨ ev Abygvb cÖKvk K‡i, Zv‡ì Av‡M †mwg‡Kvjb e‡m| †hgb : g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q co; Zvn‡jB fvj dj Ki‡e| †Q‡jwU †gavex; wKšÍy fvwi Ajm|

evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

†Kvjb ( : ) ev‡K¨ bvbv Kvi‡Y †KvjbwPý eëüZ nq| †hgb : 1. D`vniY ev `„óvšÍ †evSv‡Z : evsjv mwÜ `y cÖKvi : ¯îmwÜ I e¨ÄbmwÜ| 2. D×„wZi Av‡M : iex›`ªbv_ e‡j‡Qb : gwi‡Z Pvwn bv Avwg my›ì fze‡b| 3. bvU‡Ki msjv‡ci Av‡M : `yKwo : Kx PvB? KvOvwj : Av‡Á, gnvkq n‡”Qb †`kwn‰Zlx| `yKwo : Zv †Zv mK‡jB Rv‡b wKšÍy Avmj e¨vcviUv Kx? KvOvwj : Avcwb mvavi‡Yi wn‡Zi Rb¨ cÖvYcYÑ

weivg-wPý

Kg©-Abykxjbx 1. wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`¸‡jv‡Z weivgwPý emvI : K. Avgv‡ì MÖv‡gi N‡i N‡i †h wkKv nvZcvLv dzjwcVv ˆZwi Kiv nq Zv †gv‡UB Ae‡njvi mvgMÖx bq L. hyeK ewjj wK †m KvR Avwg wK Zvnv Rvwb‡Z cvwi bv K…cv Kwiqv Avgv‡K Zvnv Rvwb‡Z `vI Awfbœü`q myü‡ì b¨vq cÖvY w`qvI Avwg †m Kv‡h© †Zvgvi mnvqZv Kwie M. gyw³ ejj m¨vi e‡j‡Qb AvR K¬v‡m wZwb iex›`ªbv‡_i †Q‡j‡ejv wb‡q Mí †kvbv‡eb| Avwg ejjvg wZwb wK †Kvb eB c‡o Avm‡Z e‡jwQ‡jb gyw³ ejj Zzwg MZ K¬v‡m Av‡mvwb †Kb K¬vm bv Ki‡j KZ K_v Rvbv hvq bv ey‡S‡Qv Avwg DËi w`jvg †m w`b Avwg LyeB Amy¯’ wQjvg| Gevi gyw³ ejj m¨vi AvR Avgv‡ì †Kv‡bv eB c‡o Avmvi K_v e‡j †`bwb| 2. ev‡K¨ †Kv_vq †Kv_vq W¨vk I nvB‡db e‡m `„óvšÍmn Dc¯’vcb Ki|

Aóg cwi‡”Q`

evbvb 8. evbvb 8.1 evbv‡bi K‡qKwU mvaviY wbqg 8. evbvb fvlv ï×i~‡c wjL‡Z n‡j †m fvlvi evbvb Rvbv Lye Riywi| cÖ‡Z¨K fvlviB evbv‡bi wbqg Av‡Q| evsjv fvlvi evbv‡biI we‡kl wKQz wbqg i‡q‡Q| GB wbqg mgq e`‡ji m‡½ m‡½ wKQyUv AvaywbK Kiv nq| evsjv‡`‡k mvaviYfv‡e gvb¨ Kiv nq evsjv GKv‡Wgx Aby‡gvw`Z evbvbixwZ| wb‡P evsjv evbv‡bi K‡qKwU mvaviY wbqg †`Lv‡bv n‡jv|

8.1 evbv‡bi K‡qKwU mvaviY wbqg K. evbv‡b B C, D E-Gi eënvi 1. †hme Zrmg k‡ãi evbv‡b n«¯^ I `xN© Dfq ¯î ( B C, D E ) Awfavbwm×, †m †ÿ‡Î Ges AZrmg ( Z™¢e, †`wk, we‡`wk, wgkª ) k‡ãi evbv‡b ïay nª¯^¯î ( B w, D y ) n‡e| †hgb :

Zrmg k‡ã : A½ywi, AUwe, Avwei, Avwkm&, Dlv, wKse`wšÍ, KzwUi, MwÊ, MÖš’vewj, wPrKvi, ZiwY, Zwi, †`wk, c`we, we‡`wk, åy, †kªwY, mviwY|

AZrmg k‡ã : Av`wg, Avwcj, Avwgb, Avjgvwi, DwKj, D`y©, KvwR, Kvievwi, KvwiMwi, Kzwgi, †Kivwb, wLªó, wLªóvã, Mwie, MvwR, Mvwo, wMwbœ, PvKwi, Riywi, Rvbyqvwi, wWwMÖ, `iKvwi, `vwe, w`wN, ay‡jv, bvm©vwi, cowk, c`we, evwo, euvwk, evOvwj, †e-AvBwb, fzZz‡o, wgw¯¿, gy‡jv, †g‡qwj, whï, †ikwg, jUvwi, jvB‡eªwi, kvïwo, wkKvwi, mewR, miKvwi, mywbœ, nvwR, wnRwi|

evbvb

2. K‡qKwU ¯¿xevPK k‡ãi †k‡l C-Kvi n‡e| †hgb : Awf‡bÎx, KÎ©x, Kj¨vYx, wK‡kvix, Mvfx, ¸YeZx, PÊx, PZz`©kx, QvÎx, Rbbx, ZiyYx, `vmx, `ytwLbx, †`ex, bvix, cZœx, wckvPx, we`ylx, eyw×gZx, gvZvgnx, gvbex, hyeZx, j²x, kªxgZx, mZx, mi¯^Zx, nwiYx, ˆngšÍx| 3. fvlv I RvwZi bv‡gi †k‡l B-Kvi n‡e| †hgb : AvdMvwb, Aviwe, Bs‡iwR, BivwK, Bivwb, Bûw`, Kvwk¥wi, Rvcvwb, ZzwK©, †bcvwj, cvwK¯Ívwb, cvÄvwe, divwm, evOvwj, muvIZvwj, wmwÜ, wnw›`| 4. we‡klYevPK ÔAvwjÕ-cÖZ¨qhy³ k‡ã B-Kvi n‡e| †hgb : ˆPZvwj, cyevwj, eY©vwj, wgZvwj, †g‡qwj, iycvwj, †mvbvwj|

L. evbv‡b I-Gi eënvi 1. wµqvc‡ì evbv‡b c`v‡šÍ I-Kvi ( † v ) Acwinvh© bq| †hgb : Avbe, KiZ, †Lje, Pje, †`LZ, aie, bvPe, coe, ejZ, gie, give, joe, wjLe| 2. eZ©gvb AbyÁvi mvgvbï~‡c c`v‡šÍ I-Kvi cÖ`vb Kiv hvq| †hgb : Av‡bv, K‡iv, †L‡jv, P‡jv, †`‡Lv, a‡iv, bv‡Pv, c‡ov, e‡jv, gv‡iv, j‡ov, †j‡Lv| 3. ÔAv‡bvÕ cÖZ¨qvšÍ k‡ãi †k‡l I-Kvi n‡e| †hgb : Kiv‡bv, LvIqv‡bv, V¨vOv‡bv, †`Lv‡bv, bvgv‡bv, cvVv‡bv, †kvqv‡bv| 4. A_© ev D”PviY weåvwšÍi my‡hvM _vK‡j wKQz we‡kl¨, we‡klY I Ae¨q k‡ã I-Kvi †Ìqv Avek¨K| †hgb : Kvj (mgq), Kv‡jv (K…ò eY©); †Kvb (Kx, †K, †KvbwU), †Kv‡bv (eûi g‡a¨ GK); fvj (Kcvj), fv‡jv (DËg)|

M. evbv‡b wemM© ( t )-Gi e¨envi 1. c`v‡šÍ wemM© ( t ) _vK‡e bv| †hgb : µgk, wØZxqZ, cÖ_gZ, cÖavbZ, e¯‘Z, g~jZ| 2. c`ga¨¯’ wemM© _vK‡e| †hgb : AšÍt¯’, `ytL, `ytmn, wbtkã, cybtcyb, ¯^Ztù~Z©|

evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

3. Awfavbwm× n‡j c`ga¨¯’ wemM© eR©bxq| †hgb : `y¯’, wbk¦vm, wb¯ú„n, ewn¯’, gb¯’|

N. evbv‡b g~a©b¨-Y I `šÍ¨-b-Gi e¨envi 1. hy³e¨Ä‡b (Zrmg k‡ã) U-eM©xq e‡Y©i (U V W X) c~e©eZ©x cÖhy³ ¯’‡j g~a©b¨-Y nq| †hgb : KÈK, NÈv, wbN©È, eÈb, AKzÉ, AvKÉ, DrKÉv, DcKÉ, KÉ, KÉbvwj, jyÉb, AKvjKz®§vÊ, AÊ, KvÊ, KvÊvix, KzÊj, LÊ, PÊx, `Ê, cwÊZ, fÊ, fÊvwg| 2. Zrmg k‡ã F,F-Kvi ( „ ), i, i-djv ( ª ), †id ( © ), l, ÿ-Gi ci g~a©b¨-Y nq| †hgb : FY, Z…Y, AiY¨, ÎvY, eY©, we`~lY, we‡klY, ÿY, ÿwYK| 3. GKB k‡ãi g‡a¨ F, F-Kvi, i, i-djv, †id, l, ÿ-Gi †h †Kv‡bvwUi c‡i ¯^ieY©, K-eM©, c-eM© Ges h, q, n, Aby¯^vi ( s ), Ñ GB eY©¸‡jvi GKwU ev GKvwaK eY© _vK‡jI cieZ©x g~a©b¨-Y nq| †hgb : K…cY, wbi~cY, AMÖnvqY, AKg©Y¨, wbe©vY, me©v½xY, A‡cÿgvY, eÿgvY| 4. cÖ, civ, cwi, wbi- GB PviwU Dcm‡M©i ci bg&, bk&, bx, by, Ab&, nb& cÖf…wZ avZzi `šÍ¨-b ¯’‡j g~a©b¨-Y nq| †hgb : cÖ : cÖYvg, cÖYe, cÖYxZ, cÖwYcvZ; civ : civqY, civnè; cwi : cwiYwZ, cwiYvg, cwiYq; wbi : wbY©xZ, wbY©q, wbY©vqK| 5. hy³e¨Äb MV‡b (AZrmg k‡ã) U-e‡M©i c~‡e© `šÍ¨-b nq| †hgb : B›Uvi, DB›Uvi, Kv‡i›U, MÖ¨vÛ, †UÛvi, c¨v›U, e¨vÛ, jÛb, †m›Uªvj| 6. hy³e¨Äb MV‡b (Zrmg, AZrmg mKj k‡ã) Z-e‡M©i c~‡e© `šÍ¨-b nq| †hgb : AbšÍ, AšÍi½, GKvšÍ, K¬všÍ, R¡jšÍ, gš¿x, MÖš’, cvš’, Awb›`¨, civbœ, cÖ”Qbœ, ivbœv, mvwbœa¨| 7. mwÜ I mgvm‡hv‡M MwVZ k‡ãi evbv‡b `šÍ¨-b envj _v‡K| †hgb : AMÖbvqK, Anwb©k, ÿzwbœe„wË, wPÎv¼b, `yb©vg, `ywb©evi, `yb©xwZ, wbwb©‡gl , wkÿv½b| 8. Z™¢e, †`wk I we‡`wk k‡ã me©Î `šÍ¨-b n‡e| †hgb : Avcb, Avqib, Kzwb©k, †Kvivb, wMÖb, wPiywb, Sibv, aib, evwb©k, †giyb, jÚb, wknib, nb©|

evbvb

O. evbv‡b g~a©b¨-l-Gi e¨envi 1. F wKsev F-Kvi ( „ )-Gi c‡i g~a©b¨-l nq| †hgb : Fwl, K…wl, K…lK, K…ò, Z…òv, Z…wlZ, `„wó, m„wó, üówPË| 2. i-aŸwb †id ( © )-Gi i~c wb‡q †Kv‡bv e¨Äbe‡Y©i gv_vq em‡j H e¨Ä‡bi ci g~a©b¨-l nq| †hgb : AvKl©Y, Cl©v, DrKl©, el©v, el©Y, wegl©, gyg~l©y, kxl©, mßwl©, nl©| 3. A, Av Qvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv ¯^ieY© Ges K&, i& e‡Y©i cieZ©x `šÍ¨-m g~a©b¨-l nq| †hgb : Clr, Dlv, GlYv, †Kvl, wRMxlv, welg, fwel¨r, †ivl, mylgv| 4. B-KvivšÍ I D-KvivšÍ Dcm‡M©i ci KZK¸‡jv avZz‡Z g~a©b¨-l nq| †hgb : m½> Abyl½, †mK> Awf‡lK, ¯’vb> Awaôvb, myß> mylyß| 5. hy³e¨Äb MV‡b (Zrmg k‡ã) U-e‡M©i c~‡e© g~a©b¨-l nq| †hgb : Awbó, Aóg, Avoó, Dw”Qó, Dc‡`óv, Kó, †Póv, †Mvôx, cÖwZôv, f~wgô, †kªô, myôz| 6. hy³e¨Äb MV‡b (Zrmg, AZrmg mKj k‡ã) Z-e‡M©i c~‡e© `šÍ¨-m nq| †hgb : Aa¯Íb, B¯Ídv, DØv¯‘, I¯Ív`, K¯‘wi, Kv‡¯Í, Rei`w¯Í, ¯’vb, ¯’vbxq, ¯^v¯’¨| 7. hy³e¨Äb MV‡b (Zrmg, AZrmg mKj k‡ã) P-e‡M©i c~‡e© Zvje¨-k nq| †hgb : Avðh©, `yðwiÎ, wbðq, cðvr, cÖvqwðË, e„wðK, wbwñ`ª|

P. evbv‡b †id ( © )-Gi e¨envi †id-Gi ci †Kv_vI ( Zrmg, AZrmg mKj k‡ã ) e¨Äbe‡Y©i wØZ¡ n‡e bv| †hgb : KR©, Kg©, Kvh©, c~e©, d`©, gg©i, kZ©, m~h©|

Q. evbv‡b O / s-Gi e¨envi 1. mwÜ‡Z (Zrmg k‡ã) cÖ_g c‡`i †k‡l g& _vK‡j K-e‡M©i c~‡e© g& ¯’v‡b s (Aby¯^vi) n‡e| †hgb : AnsKvi (Ang& +Kvi), wKsKi, wKse`wšÍ, SsKvi, fqsKi, msKí, msKxY©, msMxZ, msN, msNvZ, ûsKvi| 2. Dch©y³ wbq‡g mwÜRvZ bv n‡j, hy³e¨Ä‡b K-e‡M©i c~‡e© g& ¯’v‡b O (D‡quv)) n‡e| †hgb : AvKv•ÿv, A¼zi, A½, Bw½Z, D”Q…•Lj, K¼vj, Kvw•ÿZ, M½v, Rw½, `v½v, c¼R, c½y, e½, fw½, j•Nb, wkÿv½b, m½x|

evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

3. cÖZ¨q I wefw³nxb k‡ãi †k‡l s (Aby¯^vi) e¨eüZ nq| †hgb : Avos, B`vbxs, Ges, V¨vs, Xs, cvjs, dwos, eis, is, wks| 4. Z‡e Aby¯^vihy³ k‡ã cÖZ¨q, wefw³ ev ¯^ieY© hy³ n‡j s ¯’‡j O †jLv n‡e| †hgb : Avo‡O, U‡O, X‡O, dwo‡Oi, iwOb, ivwO‡q, m‡Oi|

Kg©-Abykxjb

beg cwi‡”Q`

Awfavb 9. Awfavb 9.1 eY©vbyµg 9.2 fzw³ I kxl© kã Kg©-Abykxjb 9. Awfavb Bs‡iwR Dictionary kãwUi evsjv A_© ÔAwfavbÕ| Awfavb n‡jv fvlvi †mB MÖš’, hv †_‡K H fvlvi kãmg~n, k‡ãi A_©, Drm, ey¨rcwË, c` wbY©q BZ¨vw` welq m¤ú‡K© wek`fv‡e Rvbv hvq| Awfavb Rvwb‡q †`q k‡ãi ï× i~c †KvbwU, ï× evbvb †KvbwU, ï× A_© †KvbwU| Awfavb gv‡bB n‡”Q ï×Zvi cªZxK| c„w_exi me DbœZ fvlviB Awfavb ev kã‡Kvl Av‡Q| evsjv fvlvqI msKwjZ n‡q‡Q mg„× Awfavb|

9.1 eY©vbyµg Awfav‡b k‡ãi ci kã mvRv‡bv _v‡K eY©vbyµwgKfv‡e| cÖ_‡g A w`‡q †hme k‡ãi evbvb ïiy, †m¸‡jv| Zvici Av w`‡q, Zvici B w`‡q; Gfv‡e e‡Y©i µg Abymv‡i mvRv‡bv _v‡K Awfavb| Z‡e mvaviYfv‡e e‡Y©i †h µg gvb¨ Kiv nq Zv †_‡K Awfav‡b mvgvb¨ e¨wZµg †`Lv hvq| wb‡P Awfav‡b AšÍf©y³ k‡ãi eY©vbyµg †`Lv‡bv n‡jv|

mvaviY eY©vbyµg A K U c n

Av B C D E F G H L M N O P Q R S V W X Y Z _ ` a d e f g h i j k ÿ o p q r s t u

I J T b l m

Awfav‡b e¨eüZ eY©vbyµg A Av B C D E F G H I J s t u K ÿ L M N O P Q R S T

evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

U V W o X p Y Z (r) _ ` a b c d e f g h q i j k l m n hy³vÿ‡ii eY©vbyµg ° ± ³ ÿ · M&Y » ¼ •¶ •L ½ •N ”P ”Q ”T ¾ À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ Ç oM È É Ê Y&X Yœ Y&g Ë Ì ˜M ˜N Ï × Ø ™¢ aŸ ›U Ú Û b&X šÍ š’ ›` Ü bœ b¥ Þ ß à á â ã ä eŸ ef ¤ú ç ¤^ ¤¢ ¤§ é ê ë ì í j¥ jø ð ñ ®‹ ó ô ò ®ú õ ®§ ¯‹ ÷ ¯Í ¯’ ¯ú ù nè ý þ Kvi wPý

v w x

djvwPý Y g ¨

y ~ „ † ˆ †v

†Š

ª j e

¯^ieY©, KviwPý, Aby¯^vi, wemM© I P›`ªwe›`yi web¨v‡mi bgybv K KA KAv KB KC KD KE KF KG KH KI KJ Ks Kt Ku KuK KuL ... Kv KvA KvAv KvB KvC KvD KvE KvF KvG KvH KvI KvJ Kvs Kvt Kuv KuvK KuvL...

9.2 fzw³ I kxl© kã Awfav‡b †h k‡ã A_© †Ìqv nq, †mwU †evì UvB‡c ev †gvUv ni‡d gyw`ªZ _v‡K| GwU‡K kxl© kã e‡j| †hgb : AFYx [Awiwb] weY FYgy³; FYk~b¨| {m. A+FY+Bb(Bwb); m. Ab&Yx} ÑGLv‡b ÔAFYxÕ kãwU n‡”Q kxl© kã| Awfav‡b kxl© k‡ãi A_©, e¨vL¨v I eënvi †hfv‡e wea„Z _v‡K Zv‡K ejv nq fzw³| kxl© kã¸‡jv hv‡Z mn‡R Luy‡R cvIqv hvq, †mR‡b¨ Awfav‡b kã¸‡jv‡K eY©vbyµwgefv‡e mvRv‡bv _v‡K| evsjv GKv‡Wgx †h ÒAwfavb eënvi wb‡`©wkKvÓ cÖYqb K‡i‡Q Zv GiKg : Awfavb eënvi wb‡`©wkKv G Awfav‡b k‡ãi D”PviY, A_©, c` cwiPq, A_©všÍi, cÖ‡qvM, ey¨rcwË cÖf…wZ wKfv‡e wb‡`©k Kiv n‡q‡Q wbgœwjwLZ wb‡`©wkKvq Zv cwiùzU Kivi †Póv Kiv n‡jv:

Awfavb

kxl©kã D”PviY Aewkó [A‡evwkk‡Uv] weY 1 evwK| 2DØ„Ë| 3 AwZwi³| {m. Ae+ wkh&+Z(³)}

mvaviY A_©

weKí kxh©kã c` cwiPq

†LZ, †ÿZ [†LZ] we gvV; Pv‡li Rwg; k‡m¨vrcv`‡bi gvV (Pvq Zviv, dm‡ji †LZ, `xwN I LvgviDcfzw³ we‡`)|~Ñ†Lvjv,~ÑLvgvi we Avevw` Rwg; Pvwli Kg©‡ÿÎ (GK †Mjvm PvDj- cvwb LvBqv †LZ- Ñ cÖ‡qvMevK¨ †Lvjv †`wL‡Z evwn‡i nBqv Imgvb miKv‡ii A‡bK w`‡bi Af¨vmÑAvgAv)| †LZvwj, †LwZ, †ÿwZ we 1 Pvl-Avev` (...wewea †ÿZ †ÿwZ †kvfqÑ †`Šev)|2 †ÿZ Kl©‡Yi ev PvlÑAvev‡`i KvR| {m. †ÿÎ>cÖv. †LË>†LZ}

Zi1 [Zi] weY 1 we‡fvi; wbgMœ; Pzi (GB kiv‡ei wcqvjv w`‡q Zi Kwi w`j&----bB)|2 Rjwm³; wf‡R hvIqv (wf‡R Zi n‡q hvIqv)| {dv. Zi& } Zi2 [Zi] we wej¤^; †`wi; A‡cÿv (Zi m‡nbvK GKwU wZj---- Av‡gvKv; Zi mq bv ei, w`‡qB weqv Ki----Qov)| {m. Z¡iv>} Zi2 Z‡iv [Z‡iv], weY cÖKv‡ii; ai‡Yi; †kªwYi (†KgbZi †jvK)| Z‡iv--†eZ‡iv weY wewfbœ; cÖKv‡ii; bvbv ai‡Yi; n‡iK iKg (Av‡jvi wb‡kb Szj‡Q-ÑÑ†PŠ‡Kv j¤^v PIov miy Z‡ivÑ†eZ‡ivÑÑ AVv)| †e~ weY Lvivc ai‡bi; Lvivc; `yó †eqvo| {Av. Zin }

Awfbœ evbv‡bi GKvwaK fzw³

ey¨rcwË

Aaxb [Iwab] weY 1 AvqË; ekxf‚Z (AvÁvi Aaxb)| 2 AšÍM©Z; AšÍfz©³ (kvm‡bi Aaxb)| 3 AbyMZ; A_©všÍi msL¨v eva¨ (Aaxb Rb)| K we 1 Aaxb e¨w³ (Aax‡bi c`všÍi ms‡KZ webxZ wb‡e`b)| 2 wbqš¿Y; ZË¡veavb (Zvui Aax‡b Avwg KvR Kwb)| AaxbZv we AvÁvbyewZ©Zv; civaxbZv| Aaxbv, Awabx, Awabx weY AvwkªZv; ekxf~Zv; AbyMZv (Zzwg be Rjai G Ze AwabxÑÑ gÏ, ZvB‡Zv Kuv`vq wbwkw`bB G AaxbxÑÑbB)| cÖZ¨q { m. Awa + Bb(L) } Drm- fvlv wb‡`©k

`wR©

`iwR `ªóe¨

wb` = wb`ªv

AwfbœZv wb‡`©kK

evbv‡bv [evbv‡bv] wµ 1 ˆZwi Kiv; Mov; cÖ¯ÍyZ Kiv (evwo evbv‡bv †kl n‡q‡Q)| 2 ivuav ( iæwU evbv‡bv; †Kvg©v evbv‡bv)| 3 iuvaevi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv wKQz †KvUv (gvsm evbv‡bv, ZiKvwi evbv‡bv)| 4 †Kv‡bv wKQzi m‡½ Zzj¨ Ávb Kiv (†fov evbv‡bv)| 5 wKQz‡Z cwiYZ Kiv (†evKv evbv‡bv)| K weY K…wÎg; wg_¨v| {Zzj.wn.ebvbv; wµqvi iƒcÑÑÑevbvB, evbvI, evbvb, evbv‡e, evwb‡qv BZ¨vw`; AmgvwcKvi iƒcÑÑÑevwb‡q wµqvi iƒc evbv‡Z BZ¨vw`} cic` [c‡ivc`] we 1 †kªô ¯’vb; cig ev me©‡kªô c`| welq wb‡`©k 2 †gvÿ| 3 (e¨v.) mgv‡m mgm¨gvb c``y‡Uvi g‡a¨ c‡iiwU ev wØZxqwU (†kªôabÑÑGLv‡b ÔabÕ wØZxq e¨vKiY wb‡`©k c`)| {m. ci+c`; 6Zr }

Kg©-Abykxjb 1. †Zvgvi nv‡Zi Kv‡Q †h Awfavb Av‡Q †mwU †`‡L ÔwKsKZ©e¨weg~pÕ, Ô†`DwjqvÕ, ÔiKgvwiÕ I ÔmitÕ kxl© k‡ãi A_©, e¨vL¨v I e¨envi †jL| 2. wnmve, wnm&mv, AvQvo, Av”Qv`K, LvwK, LuvwU, Wªcvi, W¨vk, Drcv`b, DZivB, wPiywb, wPivqy, mvg¨, mvgvb¨, djR, djvi, Bÿz, Bu`yi, cÖmvab, cÖkvLv Ñ kã¸‡jv‡K Awfav‡bi g‡Zv eY©bvbyµwgKfv‡e mvRvI|

`kg cwi‡”Q`

kãv_© 10. 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4

kãv_© GKB kã wewfbœ A‡_© cÖ‡qvM K‡i evK¨ iPbv mgv_©K k‡ãi cÖ‡qv‡M evK¨ iPbv wecixZv_©K kã cÖ‡qv‡M evK¨ iPbv evMaviv

10. kãv_© A_©c~Y© k‡ãi Øviv gvbyl cvi¯úwiK fv‡ei Av`vb-cÖ`vb K‡i| Avi A_© n‡”Q k‡ãi cÖvY| fvlvi fve (evK¨, evK¨vsk, i~c, kã, evMaviv BZ¨vw`) hLb Bw›`ªq (cÖavbZ †PvL, Kvb) MÖnY K‡i Ges Zvi Dc‡i †h gvbwmK aviYv Rb¥vq, ZLb Zv‡K kãv_© e‡j| bvbv Kvi‡Y k‡ãi A‡_©i cwieZ©b N‡U| wb‡P k‡ãi A_© cwieZ©‡bi wKQz bgybv Zz‡j aiv n‡jv|

10.1 GKB kã wewfbœ A‡_© cÖ‡qvM K‡i evK¨ iPbv evsjv fvlvq KZ¸‡jv kã wfbœ A‡_© eëüZ nq| we‡kl¨, we‡klY I wµqv RvZxq GB c`¸‡jv ev‡K¨ eëüZ n‡q we‡kl we‡kl Zvrch©c~Y© A_© cÖKvk K‡i| G¸‡jv GKw`‡K †hgb GKwU k‡ãi wfbœ wfbœ A_© cÖKvk K‡i, Aciw`‡K †Zgwb ev‡Kï †mŠ›`h© mvab K‡i _v‡K| †hgb :

1. K_v Dw³ : iex›`ªbv‡_i K_v, Ôgwi‡Z Pvwn bv Avwg my›`i fze‡b|Õ ZK© : GB e¨vcv‡i c‡ÿ-wec‡ÿ A‡bK K_v n‡q‡Q| cÖwZkÖywZ : †Zvgv‡K Avwg K_v w`jvg| cÖ¯Íve : †Zvgvi K_vq Avwg ivwR| wZi¯‹vi : cov bv civq m¨v‡ii Kv‡Q K_v ïb‡Z n‡jv| cÖm½µ‡g : K_vq K_vq †Zvgvi bvgwU G‡m †Mj|

kãv_©

2. Kvb kªeY A½ ewai KY©‡MvPi g‡bv‡hvM cÖKvk wbj©¾

3. KuvPv AcK¡

: AvgwU KuvPv n‡jI †ek wgwó|

Awm×

: KuvPv `ya mevi nRg nq bv|

Ac~Y©

: Avgvi KuvPv NygwU fvOv‡j †Kb?

A`ÿ

: KuvPv †jvK w`‡q evwo evwb‡qv bv|

Aï®‹

: KuvPv Kv‡V Av¸b R¡‡j bv|

AcwiYZ : GB k³ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ †Q‡jwU eÇ KuvPv| `ye©j

: †Q‡jwU A‡¼ KuvPv|

4. KvUv ÿZ bó Pzwi †Qvej Q›`cZb

: KvUv Nv‡q Avi by‡bi wQUv w`I bv| : †cvKvq KvUv eB¸‡jv Avi covi g‡Zv †bB| : c‡ii MuvU KvUv Ii ¯^fve| : mv‡c KvUv †jvKwU‡K mevB †`L‡Z G‡m‡Q| : ZvjKvUv Mvb ïb‡Z fv‡jv jv‡M bvwK?

5. LvIqv †fvRb : Avgvi LvIqv n‡q‡Q| Nyl : gwbi mv‡ne‡K mevB UvKv LvIqv Awdmvi wn‡m‡eB †P‡b| evav : Kv‡Ri ïiy‡ZB av°v LvIqv fv‡jv jÿY bq| w`we¨ : gv_v LvI, GLb †hI bv| wZi¯‹vi : wkÿ‡Ki Kv‡Q agK LvIqv we_yi wbZ¨w`‡bi Af¨vm| gvwb‡q Pjv : msmv‡i mevi mv‡_ Lvc LvB‡q Pj‡Z nq|

evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

6. Mig Dò

: GK Kvc Lye Mig Pv `vI|

MÖx®§

: ˆekvL-ˆR¨ô MigKvj|

DMÖ

: †Zvgvi Mig †gRvR‡K Avwg fq cvB bv|

AnsKvi : `y b¤^wi UvKvi Mi‡g iwn‡gi cv †hb gvwU‡Z c‡o bv| Pov

: mieivn Kg _vK‡j evRvi Mig _v‡K|

kxZ wbeviK : kxZKv‡j Mig Kvco bv n‡j P‡j bv|

7. Mv kixi

: †ivgvbvi Mv‡qi is dm©v|

MÖvn¨

: Zvi †Kv‡bv K_vB Avwg Mv‡q gvwL bv|

Cl©v

: c‡ii fv‡jv †`L‡j †ivwRbvi Mv R¡‡j|

cwiavb

: Mv‡q bZzb Rvgv †`LwQ, K‡e wKb‡j?

AvZ¥‡Mvcb : cywjk †`‡L †PviwU Mv-XvKv w`j| Af¨¯Í

: gv¯Ívb‡`i †`ŠivZ¥¨ GLb Mv mIqv n‡q †M‡Q|

8. Mjv MÖxev

: wPwoqvLvbvq j¤^v Mjvi wRivd †`‡LwQ|

KÉ

: Zvi my‡ijv Mjvi Mvb †fvjv hvq bv|

cÖxwZi fve : I‡`i `yR‡bi †ek Mjvq Mjvq fve| AwZ webq : Mje¯¿ n‡q iZbevey mvnvh¨ PvB‡jb| †evSv

: c‡ii MjMÖn n‡q _vKvi B‡”Q Avgvi †bB|

Acgvb

: †jvKUv‡K Mjvav°v w`‡q †ei K‡i `vI|

9. Pvj ZÊzzj

: N‡i Pvj evošÍ, Lv‡e Kx?

N‡ii Qv` : dz‡Uv Pvj w`‡q e„wói cvwb c‡o| AvPvi-e¨envi : Zvi Pvj-Pjb †gv‡UB fv‡jv bq| gZje

: †mwjg Lye Mfxi R‡ji gvQ, Zvi Pvj †evSv KwVb|

Avo¤^i : iwn‡gi evB‡iB hZ Pvj, †fZ‡i G‡Kev‡iB duvcv| Ni-msmvi : Pvj-Pz‡jvi wVK †bB, †Zvgv‡K †g‡q †`‡e †K?

kãv_©

10. †PvL AuvwL : Avgiv †PvL w`‡q †`wL| `„wó : cywj‡ki †PvL Avmvwgi w`‡K| duvwK : †PviwU cywj‡ki †PvL Gwo‡q cvwj‡q †Mj| †ivM : iwd‡Ki †PvL D‡V‡Q e‡j fxlY K‡ó Av‡Q| fq †`Lv‡bv : Avgv‡K †PvL ivwO‡q jvf n‡e| j¾v : †Zvgvi †Pv‡Li Pvgov _vK‡j Avi Avgvi mvg‡b Avm‡Z bv|

11. †QvU Kwbô bxP nxb webxZ †nq Kiv

12. Qvov Z¨vM gyw³ kªxnxb D”P¯^‡i e¨ZxZ

13. Zvj Zejvi †evj: Zejvq Zvj †e‡R‡Q ZvM wabv wab wab| Q›`nxb : Zvj KvUv Mvb fv‡jv jv‡M bv| dj we‡kl : ÔZvjMvQ GK cv‡q `uvwo‡q, me MvQ Qvwo‡q, DuwK gv‡i AvKv‡k|Õ ax‡i : evwo ˆZwii KvR wXgv Zv‡j Pj‡Q| gvwb‡q Pjv : mevi mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q Pjvi †g‡q wgwb bq|

14. †Zvjv D‡Ëvjb DÌvcb msMÖn †Quov MÖvn¨ Kiv

evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

16. bvK bvwmKv : wZmv bv‡K b_ c‡i‡Q| kã Kiv : Ny‡gi g‡a¨ A‡b‡KB bvK Wv‡K| wbwðšÍ : cixÿv †kl, Gevi bv‡K †Zj w`‡q NygvI| ÿwZ : wb‡Ri bvK †K‡U c‡ii hvÎv f½ K‡i †Zvgvi Kx jvf n‡jv? AbwaKvi PP©v : Avgvi e¨vcv‡i bvK Mjv‡Z G‡mv bv|

17. bvg cwiPq L¨vwZ L¨vwZgvb ¯§iY ¯^íg~j¨ D‡jøL

18. cvKv cwicK¡ AKvjcK¡ wbcyY `ÿ ¯’vqx cy‡ivcywi

: ivg Avgvi eo fvB| : cÙv evsjv‡`‡ki eo b`x|

kãv_©

abx AZ¨šÍ DbœwZ Kiv AvZ¥xq

: †jvKgvb mv‡ne eo †jvK| : eo wec‡` c‡o †Zvgvi Kv‡Q G‡mwQ| : eo nI wb‡Ri †Póvq| : evwo‡Z eo KzUzg G‡m‡Q|

20. eyK eÿ : evevi ey‡K nVvr e¨_v D‡V‡Q| mvnm : †Zvgvi †`LwQ Lye ey‡Ki cvUv! Me© : †Zvgvi K…wZ‡Z¡ Avgv‡`i eyK dz‡j D‡V‡Q| kvwšÍ : Gwmi evZv‡m eyKUv Rywo‡q †Mj| nZvk : wiZv †dj K‡i‡Q ï‡b Zvi evevi eyKUv †hb †f‡O †Mj| fxlY Kó : eÜzi g„Zz¨i Le‡i Avgvi eyK †d‡U Kvbœv AvmwQj|

21. fv‡jv Kzkj g½j mr my›`i wnZevK¨ myLei

: fv‡jv AvQ †Zv? : Ck¦i mevi fv‡jv Kiyb| : †PŠayix mv‡ne Lye fv‡jv †jvK| : †g‡qwUi †Pnviv GZ fv‡jv †h Kx eje! : fv‡jv K_v ïb‡j †ZvgviB g½j| : †Zvgvi Rb¨ GKUv fv‡jv Lei Av‡Q|

24. gyL kix‡ii A½ : †Zvgvi gyLUv fxlY my›`i| K_v

: Ôgy‡L gay AšÍ‡i wel|Õ

mshZ

: gyL mvg‡j K_v e‡jv|

ÿgZv

: ÔhZ eo gyL bq, ZZ eo K_v|Õ

cÖ‡ekc_

: Mwji gy‡LB Avgv‡`i evwo|

mvnm

: gyL dz‡U K_vUv e‡j †dj|

25. gvwU ayjv / Kv`v : †Q‡jwU gvwU‡Z MovMwo w`‡q Kuv`‡Q| kvšÍ / mij : iwdK mv‡ne GKRb gvwUi gvbyl| †evKvwg

: †kqv‡ii e¨emvq †b‡g G‡Kev‡i gvwU †L‡qwQ|

Kei

: Zv‡K †Kv_vq gvwU †`Iqv n‡e Avwg Rvwb bv|

bó

: covïbv bv K‡i RxebUv gvwU K‡iv bv|

bv‡Qvoev›`v : miKvwi KvR †c‡Z n‡j gvwU Kvg‡o c‡o _vK‡Z nq|

26. ivLv ¯’vcb

: eB¸‡jv RvqMv g‡Zv iv‡Lv|

Mw”QZ

: UvKv¸‡jv e¨vs‡K †i‡L G‡mv|

Avkªq

: Avgv‡K †Zvgvi cv‡q iv‡Lv cÖfz|

bvgKiY

: Ôbvg †i‡LwQ ebjZv|Õ

m¤§vb

: †Q‡jwU evevi bvg †i‡L‡Q|

†d‡j Avmv : UvKvi _wjwU †i‡L G‡mwQ|

27. jvMv ¯úk©

: †Zvgvi kix‡i wK Avgvi nvZ †j‡M‡Q|

_vgv

: †bŠKvwU Nv‡U †j‡M‡Q|

wbhy³

: mygb PvKwi‡Z †j‡M‡Q|

ïiy

kÎyZv

: Kv‡iv wcQ‡b jvMv wVK bv|

kãv_©

28. jvj is

: jvj Rvgv‡Z †Zvgv‡K †ek gvwb‡q‡Q|

†RjLvbv : g¯Zvwb Ki‡j jvj`vjv‡b cvwV‡q †`e| eÜ nIqv : Amr eÜzi cvjøvq c‡o Zvi e¨emvq jvjevwZ R¡‡j‡Q| †µva

: Avgv‡K jvj‡PvL †`wLI bv, Avwg fq cvB bv|

cyÎ

: ÒAv¤§v jvj †Zwi Lyb wKqv Lywbqv|Ó

29. †jvK gvbyl

: iwng mv‡ne fv‡jv †jvK|

RbmvaviY : Lvivc KvR Ki‡j †jvKwb›`v ïb‡Z nq| g„Zz¨

: Rwmg mv‡ne MZKvj ci‡jvKMgb K‡i‡Qb|

gRyi

: †jvK w`‡q KvR Kiv‡j bRi ivL‡Z nq|

Mí

: wkïiv †jvK-Kvwnwb ïb‡Z fv‡jvev‡m|

30. mviv mgMÖ / me : mviv MÖvg Ry‡o ˆn‰P c‡o †M‡Q| AvKzj

: wkïwU gv‡K Luy‡R bv †c‡q †Ku‡` mviv n‡jv|

†givgZ : †bŠKvi dz‡Uv mviv n‡q‡Q| mgvß

: hvK&, GZÿ‡Y KvRwU mviv n‡q‡Q|

nqivb / K¬všÍ : †iŠ‡`ª Ny‡i Ny‡i mviv n‡qwQ|

10.2 mgv_©K k‡ãi cÖ‡qv‡M evK¨ iPbv evsjv fvlvi kãfvÊv‡i Ggb KZK¸‡jv kã Av‡Q †h¸‡jv GKB A_© enb K‡i| GiKg mg-A_©ÁvcK wfbœ kã‡K mgv_©Kkã, mgv_©kã, weKíkã ev cÖwZkã e‡j| GKB A_©en k‡ãi g‡a¨ êwPÎ¨ _v‡K| AvK…wZ, e¨Äbv I Mv¤¢x‡h©i w`K †_‡K Gme k‡ãi cv_©K¨ _v‡K| mgv_©Kkã Rvbv _vK‡j †jLvi ev ejvi mgq GKB kã evi evi eënvi Ki‡Z nq bv| d‡j e³vi ev †jL‡Ki g‡bi fve A‡bK my›ì I AvKl©Yxqfv‡e cÖKvwkZ nq| wb‡P mgv_©Kkã ev cÖwZk‡ãi KwZcq `„óvšÍ ev‡K¨ cÖ‡qvM K‡i †`Lv‡bv n‡jv :

1. AwMœ : N‡i Av¸b †j‡M AwMœ`» n‡q wZbRb gviv †M‡Q| Abj : Ômy‡Li jvwMqv G Ni euvwaby Ab‡j cywoqv †Mj|Õ AvMyb : ÔAv¸‡bi cikgwY †QuvqvI cÖv‡Y|Õ ewý : ÔRv‡Mv bvix Rv‡Mv ewýwkLv|Õ me©fyK : †`L‡Z †`L‡Z wbgZwj ˆek¦vb‡ii D`‡i P‡j †Mj| 2. Ak¦ †NvUK †Nvov Zzi½ evwR

3. AbygwZ : Avgvi N‡i XzK‡Z †Zvgv‡K AbygwZ wb‡Z n‡e bv| AvÁv : Avm‡Z AvÁv †nvK| Av‡`k : ÔAv‡`k K‡ib hvnv †gvi ¸iyR‡b, Avwg †hb †mB KvR Kwi fv‡jv g‡b|Õ wb‡`©k : ¯‹z‡ji †eZb cwi‡kva Kivi Rb¨ cÖavb wkÿK QvÎ‡`i wb‡`©k w`‡jb| ûKzg : g¨vwR‡÷ª‡Ui ûKz‡g cywjk Avmvwg‡K KvVMovq DVvj| 4. AvKvk : AvKv‡k AvR †gN †bB| Avmgvb : Ôbxj wmqv Avmgvb jv‡j jvj `ywbqv|Õ MMb : ÔMM‡b Mi‡R †gN Nb eilv|Õ `y¨‡jvK: Òf~‡jvK `y¨‡jvK †MvjK †fw`qv †Lv`vi Avmb ÔAvikÕ †Qw`qv, DwVqvwQ wPiwe¯§q Avwg wek¦weavZ…i|Ó bf : Ô†n_v k¨vgj `~e©v`j, bebxj bf¯Íj|Õ 5. AvKv•ÿv: gvby‡li AvKv•ÿvi †kl †bB| B”Qv : B”Qv _vK‡j Dcvq nq| Kvgbv : evsjv‡`‡ki Kj¨vY Kvgbv Kwi| evÃv : Ck¦i †Zvgvi g‡bvevÃv c~iY Kiyb| mva : ÔAvgvi mva bv wgwUj, Avkv bv cywij mKjB dziv‡q hvq gv|Õ 6. DËg : ÔDËg wbwð‡Z P‡j Aa‡gi mv‡_|Õ Dcv‡`q: eûw`b Ggb Dcv‡`q Lvevi LvBwb| e‡iY¨ : kvgmyi ivngvb GKRb †`ke‡iY¨ Kwe| fv‡jv : eKzj Lye fv‡jv †Q‡j| †kªô : iex›`ªbv‡_i †kªô Kve¨MÖš’ †KvbwU Zv ejv KwVb|

kãv_©

8. Avjq M„n Ni avg evwo

9. P›`ª : AvR P›`ªMÖnY n‡e| Puv` : Ôc~wY©gvi Puv` †hb Sjmv‡bv iywU|Õ kkv¼ : kkv‡¼ Kj¼‡iLv †K w`‡q‡Q Gu‡K? kkai : kka‡ii c~Y© Av‡jvq c„w_ex Sjgj Ki‡Q| kkx : ÔGKjv kkx RvwM‡j AvKv‡k evZvqb Ly‡j w`‡qv|Õ 10. Rj cqt cvwb evwi mwjj

13. Rb bi gvbe gvbyl †jvK

15. cvwL LM †LPi cw•L wen½

: mevB dzj cQ›` K‡i| : ÔKvb‡b Kzmyg-Kwj mKjB dzwUj|Õ : Ôcy®ú Avcbvi Rb¨ †dv‡U bv|Õ : gwi gwi! G Kx cÖm~b †kvfvq †m‡R‡Q Avgvi M„n!

18 : eb AUwe AiY¨ R½j ebvbx

kãv_©

: GK mvMi i‡³i wewbg‡q AwR©Z n‡q‡Q Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZv| : DËvj Rjwa e‡ÿ Kvi ÿy`ª ZixLvwb wbwe©‡Nœ P‡j‡Q cv‡i? : AK~j cv_v‡i Avwg fvwm‡qwQ Avgvi Zix| : mvZ mgy`ª †Zi b`xi cv‡i Av‡Q GK i~cK_vi †`k| : ÔIB gnvwmÜzi Icvi †_‡K Kx msMxZ †f‡m Av‡m!Õ

24. my›ì : Avgv‡ì †`kwU Lye my›ì| g‡bvig: g‡bvig aiYxi Zzjbv nq bv| g‡bvni: Zvi g‡bvni †Pnviv †`‡L mevB gy» nq| igYxq : evn! Kx igYxq ¯’vb! †kvfb : Zvi †cvkvK-AvkvK Pvj-Pjb †ek †kvfb|

26. m~h© : Ôc~e©w`M‡šÍ m~h© D‡V‡Q i³jvj|Õ AiyY : AiyY wKiY †`q ga¨MM‡b| w`evKi: †g‡N †g‡N †X‡K †M‡Q w`evKi| fvby : fvbyi K…cvq kx‡Zi cÖ‡Kvc †_‡K Dj½ †Q‡jwU iÿv †cj| iwe : iwei wKiY †j‡M K‡i wSwKwgwK| 27. mc© : Ômc© n‡q `skb K‡iv, ISv n‡q Sv‡ov|Õ Awn : Awn-bKz‡ji hy× †j‡M‡Q| Avkxwel: ÔwK hvZbv we‡l eywS‡e †m wK‡m, Kfz Avkxwe‡l `s‡kwb hv‡i|Õ bvM : Ôme©v‡½ `swkj †gv‡i bvM bvMevjv|Õ dYx : cÖev` Av‡QÑ dYxi gv_vq gwY _v‡K| mvc : evc‡i evc! K‡Ëv e‡ov mvc! 28. gv_v g¯ÍK gyÊy gy‡ov wki

: Zvi gv_vq A‡bK Pzj| : gw¯Í®‹ Av‡Q e‡jB g¯Í‡Ki `vg| : K_vq K_vq †m †Kb †Zvgvi gyÊzcvZ K‡i? : ey‡ov eq‡m Zvi gv‡Qi gy‡ov Lvevi mva n‡q‡Q| : Ôwki †bnvwi Avgvwi bZwki IB wkLi wngvw`ªi|Õ

29. †PvL AuvwL Pÿz bqb †bÎ

: †Zvgvi †PvL `ywU Lye my›`i| : †Zvgvi AuvwLi g‡Zv AvKv‡ki `ywU Zviv| : Pÿz _vK‡Z A‡Üi g‡Zv P‡jv †Kb? : Ôbqb fiv Rj †Mv †Zvgvi AuvPj fiv dzj|Õ : Zvi †bÎ †_‡K UcUc K‡i AkÖy co‡Z jvMj|

30. Kvb : Kvb Uvb‡j gv_v Av‡m| KY© : Zvi K_vq KY©cvZ K‡iv bv| kÖywZ : †Zvgvi K_v evevi KY©‡MvPi nq wb| kÖywZc_ : wPrKvi K‡i e‡jv bq‡Zv Zvi kÖywZc‡_ XzK‡e bv|

kãv_©

10.3 wecixZv_©K kã cÖ‡qv‡M evK¨ iPbv evsjv fvlvq Ggb KZK¸‡jv kã Av‡Q †h¸‡jv ci¯ú‡ii wecixZ A_© cÖKvk K‡i| ci¯ú‡ii m¤ú~Y© wecixZ A_© cÖKvkK Gme kã‡K wecixZv_©K kã e‡j| fvlvi †mŠ›`h© m„wó Ges fve-cÖKv‡ki e¨vcKZvi Rb¨ G RvZxq kã Rvbv Riywi| wb‡P K‡qKwU wecixZv_©K k‡ãi bgybv evK¨ mn‡hv‡M Zz‡j aiv n‡jv| Aag Ñ DËg

: Zzwg Aag e‡jB Avgv‡K DËg n‡Z n‡e|

Avq Ñ e¨q

: Avq ey‡S e¨q Ki|

KzrwmZ Ñ my›`i : †Zvgiv Zvi evB‡ii my›`i †PnvivwU †`‡LQ, †fZ‡ii KzrwmZ gbwU †`Lwb| L¨vwZ Ñ AL¨vwZ : †mwj‡gi L¨vwZi mv‡_ mv‡_ wKQz AL¨vwZI Av‡Q| M`¨ Ñ c`¨

: Avwg M`¨ wjwL, c`¨ wjL‡Z cvwi bv|

NUb Ñ ANUb

: †jLKiv ANUbNUbcUxqmx cÖwZfv wb‡q Rb¥vb|

Pjv Ñ _vgv

: Pj‡Z Pj‡Z _vg‡j †Kb?

Rb¥ Ñ g„Zz¨

: Rb¥ hLb wb‡qwQ g„Zz¨ †Zv AeavwiZ|

UK Ñ wgwó

: †eYy UK †L‡Z cQ›` K‡i, wgwó †gv‡UB Lvq bv|

VvÊv Ñ Mig

: Mi‡g Mjv ïwK‡q †M‡Q, GKUz VvÊv cvwb LvIqv‡e?

Wvb Ñ evg

: iv¯Ívq Pjvi mgq evgw`K w`‡q Pj‡e, Wvbw`K w`‡q bq|

XvKv Ñ †Lvjv

: Lvevi XvKv w`‡q bv †i‡L †Lvjv †i‡LQ †Kb?

Zij Ñ KwVb

: Zij cvwb R‡g KwVb ei‡d cwiYZ nq|

w`b Ñ ivZ

: Ôiv‡Z gkv w`‡b gvwQ, GB wb‡q KjKvZvq AvwQ|Õ

aŸsm Ñ m„wó

: ÒAvwg m„wó, Avwg aŸsm, Avwg †jvKvjq, Avwg k¥kvb, Avwg Aemvb, wbkvemvb|Ó

: cÖKvk Kv‡R hZ AcUz, LvIqvq ZZLvwbB cUz|

cÖKvk Ñ †Mvcb : mwZ¨ KL‡bv †Mvcb _v‡K bv, GKw`b bv GKw`b cÖKvk cv‡eB|

dm©v Ñ Kv‡jv

eo Ñ †QvU

: Ôeo hw` n‡Z PvI, †QvU nI Z‡e|Õ

†fRv Ñ ïK‡bv : †Zvgvi †fRv gv_vUv ïK‡bv †Zvqv‡j w`‡q gy‡Q bvI| hZ Ñ ZZ

: ÔhZ eo gyL bq, ZZ eo K_v!Õ

k~b¨ Ñ c~Y©

10.4 evMaviv fvlvq Ggb wKQz kã ev evK¨vsk _v‡K, hv mvaviY A‡_©i evB‡i wewkó A_© cÖKvk K‡i _v‡K| GB me kã ev evK¨vsk‡K evMaviv ev evwM¦wa e‡j| evMaviv evsjv fvlvq wewkó m¤ú`| evMavivi gva¨‡g e³vi g‡bi Mfxi fve‡K Aí K_vq my›`ifv‡e cÖKvk Kiv hvq| G¸‡jv fvlv‡K kw³kvjx e¨Äbvgq I Zvrch©c~Y© K‡i †Zv‡j| ZvB me fvlv‡ZB evMavivi we‡kl cÖ‡qvM jÿ Kiv hvq| wb‡P evMavivi wKQy bgybv †`Iqv n‡jv| A Av K L

: (cÖv_wgK Ávb) : †Zvgvi †Zv †`LwQ A Av K L Ávb †bB, PvKwiUv †c‡j wKfv‡e?

AKvjKz®§vÊ

AvgovMvwQ Kiv : (†Zvlvgy‡`) : AvRKvj AvgovMvwQ bv Ki‡j †Kv‡bv KvR nvwmj nq bv| Bu`yi Kcv‡j

: (g›`fvM¨) : GZ eo PvKwi †c‡qI a‡i ivL‡Z cvi‡j bv, †Zvgvi g‡Zv Bu`yi Kcv‡j Avi †K Av‡Q!

DRv‡bi KB

: (mnRjf¨) : †gvevBj †dvb GLb DRv‡bi KB‡qi g‡Zv, †hLv‡b †mLv‡b cvIqv hvq|

Kvcy‡o evey

wLPzwo cvKv‡bv : (RwUj Kiv) : hv ej‡e mnR K‡i ej, Ah_v wLPzwo cvwK‡qv bv| MiR eo evjvB : (cÖ‡qvR‡b ¸iyZ¡ ) : cixÿv Nv‡oi Ici, ZvB eB wKb‡Z n‡e, MiR eo evjvB| Ni _vK‡Z eveyB wfRv : (my‡hvM _vK‡Z Kó) : evevi AMva UvKv, A_P Zzwg wKbv wUDkwb K‡i P‡jv, Ni _vK‡Z eveyB †fRv †Kb? †Pv‡L muvZvi cvwb : (AwZwi³ gvqvKvbœv) : e¨v‡Oi †kv‡K mv‡ci †Pv‡L †`wL muvZvi cvwb|

kãv_©

†Quov Pz‡j †Luvcv euvav : (e„_v †Póv) : evevi mvgvb¨ Av‡q msmviB P‡j bv, †mLv‡b Avgvi cÖvB‡fU covi kL †Quov Pz‡j †Luvcv euvavi g‡ZvB nvm¨Ki| Suv‡Ki ˆK

UvKvi Mig

Zvgvi wel

Zzjmx e‡bi evN : (fÊ) : iwb w`‡b †h evwo‡Z KvR K‡i, iv‡Z †mB evwo‡ZB Pzwi Ki‡Z hvq; I n‡”Q Zzjmx e‡bi evN| `y‡a-fv‡Z _vKv : ( my‡L _vKv ) : ÔAvgvi mšÍvb †hb _v‡K `y‡a-fv‡Z|Õ bvwoi Uvb

: (Mfxi ggZ¡‡eva) : we‡`‡k wM‡qI A‡b‡K †`‡ki cÖwZ bvwoi Uvb Abyfe K‡ib|

cv‡ji †Mv`v

: (`jcwZ) : cv‡ji †Mv`v aiv c‡o‡Q, Gevi evwKivI aiv co‡e|

†c‡U †c‡U eyw× : (`yózeyw×) : †g‡qwUi †c‡U †c‡U GZ eyw× RvbZvg bv †Zv! e¨v‡Oi Avaywj

wfUvq NyNy Piv‡bv : (me©¯^všÍ) : †Zvgvi wfUvq NyNy Pwi‡q Qvoe| gv‡Qi gv‡qi cyÎ‡kvK : (wg_¨v †kvK) : Mwi‡ei Rb¨ eo‡jv‡Ki `i`Uv gv‡Qi gv‡qi cyÎ‡kv‡Ki g‡ZvB| wkeivwÎi mj‡Z : (GKgvÎ mšÍvb) : ARy©b Zvi evev-gv‡qi wkeivwÎi mj‡Z, ZvB mevB Zv‡K me mgq †Pv‡L †Pv‡L iv‡L| †mvbvi cv_i evwU : (Am¤¢e e¯‘) : mv‡ci cv †`Lv Avi †mvbvi cv_i evwU‡Z my¨c LvIqv Ñ `y‡UvB Avgvi Kv‡Q Avlv‡p M‡íi g‡Zv| n-h-e-i-j

: (wek„•Lj) : evevi g„Zz¨‡Z †MvQv‡bv msmviUv †Kgb †hb n-h-e-i-j n‡q †Mj|

Kg©-Abykxjb 1. evRv‡i Av¸b †j‡M‡Q| S‡ov evZvm eB‡Q| cvwb w`‡Z n‡e | `gKj-evwnbxi †jvKRb G‡m‡Q| Av¸b jKjwK‡q AvKv‡ki w`‡K DV‡Q| D¾¡j Av¸‡b A™¢yZfv‡e mewKQz cyo‡Q| ÑDc‡ii Aby‡”Q`UzKz fv‡jv K‡i co| Aby‡”Q‡` †hme k‡ãi mgv_©K kã †Zvgvi Rvbv Av‡Q †m¸‡jvi mgv_©K kã †jL Ges `ywU K‡i evK¨ evbvI| 2. gvbyl-Gi gv_v †_‡KB me wb‡`©k Av‡m| †PvL †`‡L, Kvb †kv‡b Avi †VuvU b‡o b‡o K_v e‡j| me B”Qv-Awb”Qv, `ytL I Avb›`-Gi evZ©v Av‡m gv_v †_‡K| ÑAby‡”Q`wU‡Z †gvUv`v‡Mi †hme kã Av‡Q, †m¸‡jvi cÖwZkã wj‡L g‡bi g‡Zv evK¨ ˆZwi Ki| 3. †gNgy³ iv‡Zi AvKvk| kxZj evZv‡m dz‡ji myMÜ| wbg©j cweÎ G ivZ ïayB wgj‡bi| cÖmbœ wPË ZvB †hb Db¥yL n‡q KweZvi wgj Luy‡R †d‡i| ÑDc‡ii Aby‡”Q‡`i †gvUv `v‡Mi kã¸‡jvi A_©mn wecixZv_©K kã †jL| 4. Zzwg wb‡R GiKg GKwU Aby‡”Q` iPbv Ki Ges †mLvb †_‡K GKwU ev `ywU kã †e‡Q wb‡q †mwUi wewfbœ A‡_© cÖ‡qvM †`wL‡q evK¨ ˆZwi Ki|

..............

wbwg©wZ

Abyaveb kw³

1.1

Abyaveb kw³ cixÿv

fvem¤cÖmviY

cÎ iPbv : e¨w³MZ cÎ, Av‡e`b cÎ, wbgš¿Y cÎ

cÖeÜ iPbv

1. Abyaveb kw³ wjwLZ †h †Kv‡bv wel‡q †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv gvbyl cvV K‡i _v‡K wKšÍy †h AskUzKz c‡o Zvi g~jfve mwVKfv‡e Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K ejv nq Zvi Abyaveb `ÿZv| GKwU cv‡V wKQz kã _v‡K, wKQz bZzb welq _vK‡Z cv‡i hvi A_© ev aviYv Rvbv bv _vK‡j cvVwUi c~Y© aviYv jvf mnR nq bv| ZvB GKwU cvV m¤ú~Y©i~‡c eyS‡Z n‡j cvV mswkøó wKQz welqI Rvb‡Z Ges eyS‡Z nq| Avevi Zv †Kej gyL¯Í Ki‡j †mwU †ewkw`b g‡b bvI _vK‡Z cv‡i| †mB Rvbv Ávb Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cv‡Vi mv‡_ ev Áv‡bi mv‡_ †gjv‡Z cvivi ÿgZvI _vK‡Z nq| G fv‡eB Abyaveb `ÿZv cwic~Y©fv‡e AwR©Z nq|

Abyaveb kw³ cixÿv : ¯ú›`b, cÖZxwZ, cÖvšÍ, wn‡gj, eY©, cÖvwß kx‡Zi QywU‡Z RMrcwÆ‡Z †eov‡Z wM‡q‡Q| Iiv mevB GjvKvwU Ny‡i Ny‡i †`Lj| ILv‡b GKwU cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq, GKwU D”P we`¨vjq I GKwU evRvi Av‡Q| GjvKvi AwaKvsk gvbylB wkwÿZ| K…wlRxex, PvKwiRxex, e¨emvqxmn bvbv †ckvi gvbyl †mLv‡b emevm K‡i| †ekwKQz †jvK RxweKvi ZvwM‡` ga¨cÖvP¨ I BD‡ivcmn bvbv †`‡k PvKwi wb‡q †M‡Q| GjvKvi RbMY †gvUvgywU m”Qj| ˆe‡`wkK A_© †jb-†`‡bi Rb¨ ILv‡b †ekwKQz e¨vsK cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv evwo‡Z dz‡ji evMvb i‡q‡Q| RMrcwÆ evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU Av`k© MÖvgxY GjvKv|

Kg© Abykxjb : 1. ÔcÖZxwZÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? 2. K…wlRxex Kviv? 3. Ô¯ú›`bÕ k‡ãi wZbwU cÖwZkã w`‡q evK¨ ˆZwi Ki| 4. †Zvgvi GjvKvi m‡½ RMrcwÆi mv`„k¨ I ˆekv`„k¨¸‡jv †jL|

wbwg©wZ

†Kv_v †_‡K G‡m‡Q Avgv‡`i evsjv fvlv? fvlv wK Rb¥ †bq gvby‡li g‡Zv? ev †hgb exR †_‡K MvQ R‡b¥ †Zgbfv‡e Rb¥ †bq fvlv? bv, fvlv gvbyl ev Ziyi g‡Zv Rb¥ †bq bv| evsjv fvlvI gvbyl ev Ziyi g‡Zv Rb¥ †bqwb, †Kv‡bv KwíZ ¯^M© †_‡KI Av‡mwb| GLb Avgiv †h evsjv fvlv ewj GK nvRvi eQi Av‡M Zv wVK Ggb wQj bv| †m-fvlvq G-†`‡ki gvbyl K_v ejZ, Mvb MvBZ, KweZv evbvZ| gvby‡li gy‡L gy‡L e`‡j hvq fvlvi aŸwb| i~c e`‡j hvq k‡ãi, e`j N‡U A‡_©i| A‡bKw`b †K‡U †M‡j g‡b nq fvlvwU GKwU bZzb fvlv n‡q D‡V‡Q| Avi †m-fvlvi e`j N‡UB Rb¥ n‡q‡Q evsjv fvlvi|

mvivsk : fvlvi ag©B n‡”Q e`‡j hvIqv| gvby‡li gy‡L gy‡L e`‡j hvq fvlvi aŸwb| k‡ãiI e`j N‡U Ges †m m‡½ k‡ãi A‡_©iI| nvRvi eQ‡ii cwieZ©‡bi avivevwnKZvq Ggwb fv‡eB Avgv‡`i evsjv fvlvi Rb¥ n‡q‡Q| 2.2

Avb›` cÖKvk Rxebxkw³i cÖejZviB cÖKvk| Avb›`‡K Avgiv eywS i~c-im-kã-¯úk©-MÜ BZ¨vw`i mvnv‡h¨, Bw›`ªqmK‡ji mvnv‡h¨| gvbyl hLb Avb›` cvq ZLb †m Zvi gb‡K cÖKvk Ki‡Z Pvq Ñ bvbv i~‡c| ZvB m„wó n‡jv wPÎwkíx, b„Z¨wkíx, msMxZwkíx, Kwe, mvwnwZ¨K| cyivKv‡ji ¸nvgvbyl †_‡K ïiy K‡i eZ©gvb hyM ch©šÍ gvbyl wb‡Ri cvIqv Avb›`‡K my›`i‡K Ab¨ gvby‡li g‡a¨ we¯Ívi Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Q| ZvB m„wó n‡q‡Q bvbvb Avw½‡Ki wkíKjv|

mvivsk : gvby‡li Rxebxkw³i cÖKvk N‡U Avb‡›`| Zvi mg¯Í Bw›`ªq w`‡q Avb›`‡K †m Dcjwä K‡i| †mB Avb›`vbyf~wZ mevi Kv‡Q Rvbv‡Z Pvq| ZvB Qwe, Mvb, KweZv, bvP, fv®‹h© BZ¨vw` wkíKjvi gva¨‡g gvbyl Zvi Avb›`‡K cÖKvk K‡i| GB Avb›` I my›`i †eva gvby‡li gb‡K Z…ß K‡i| 2.3

evOvwj †hw`b HKë× n‡q ej‡Z cvi‡e Ñ ÔevOvwji evsjvÕ †mw`b Zviv Amva¨ mvab Ki‡e| evOvwji g‡Zv Ávb-kw³ I †cÖg-kw³ (†eªb †m›Uvi I nvU© †m›Uvi) Gwkqvq †Kb, eywS c„w_ex‡Z †Kv‡bv RvwZi †bB| wKšÍy Kg©-kw³ G‡Kev‡i †bB e‡jB Zv‡ì GB wè¨kw³ Zgmv”Qbœ n‡q Av‡Q| Zv‡ì Kg©-wegyLZv, RoZv, g„Zz¨fq, Avjm¨, Z›`ªv, wb`ªv, eëmvevwY‡R¨ Awb”Qvi KviY| Zviv ZvgwmKZvq Av”Qbœ n‡q †PZbv-kw³‡K nvwi‡q †d‡j‡Q| GB Zgt, GB wZwgi, GB RoZvB Awe`¨v| Awe`¨v †Kej AÜKvi c‡_ åvwšÍi c‡_ wb‡q hvq; wè¨kw³‡K wb‡¯ÍR, g„ZcÖvq K‡i iv‡L|

mvivsk : my›ì eënv‡ii g‡a¨B gbyl¨‡Z¡i cwiPq wbwnZ| gvby‡li K_vevZ©v, g‡bvfve I Avè-Kvq`vi g‡a¨ w`‡qB my›ì eënv‡ii cÖKvk N‡U| fv‡jv eënvi w`‡q mn‡RB Ac‡ii fv‡jvevmv cvIqv hvq| my›ì ¯^fv‡ei g‡a¨B gvby‡li †mŠ›`h© dz‡U I‡V| 2.5

m~‡h©i Av‡jv‡Z iv‡Zi AÜKvi †K‡U hvq| wkÿvi Av‡jv Avgv‡ì AÁvbZvi AÜKvi `~i K‡i| Avgv‡ì `„wó‡Z Pvicv‡ki RMr Av‡iv my›ì n‡q I‡V| Avgiv Rxe‡bi bZzb A_© Luy‡R cvB; wkÿvi Av‡jv †c‡q Avgv‡ì wfZ‡ii gvbylwU †R‡M I‡V| Avgiv eo n‡Z PvB, eo nIqvi Rb¨ †Póv Kwi| Avgiv my›ì K‡i euvP‡Z PvB, euvPvi g‡Zv euvP‡Z PvB| Avi my›ì K‡i euvP‡Z n‡j PvB Ávb| †mB Ávb‡K Kv‡RI jvMv‡bv PvB| wkÿvi d‡j Avgv‡ì wfZi †h kw³ jyKv‡bv _v‡K Zv ax‡i ax‡i †R‡M I‡V| Avgiv gvbyl n‡q DwV|

bgt bgt bgt my›`ix gg Rbbx e½f~wg! M½vi Zxi, wmœ» mgxi, Rxeb Ryov‡j Zzwg| AevwiZ gvV, MMbjjvU Pz‡g Ze c`a~wj Qvqvmywbweo kvwšÍi bxo †Qv‡Uv †Qv‡Uv MÖvg¸wj| cjøeNb AvgªKvbb ivLv‡ji †Ljv‡Mn, ¯Zä AZj w`wN Kv‡jvRjÑ wbkx_kxZj †mœn| eyKfiv gay e‡½i ea~ Rj j‡q hvq N‡i Ñ gv ewj‡Z cÖvY K‡i AvbPvb, †Pv‡L Av‡m Rj f‡i|

wbwg©wZ

mvigg© : gv I gvZ…f~wg mevi Kv‡Q wcÖq| evsjv‡`k Avgv‡`i gvZ…f~wgÑGi AvKvk-evZvm, b`x, gvV, cÖK…wZ-wbmM©, gvbyl meB Avgv‡`i fv‡jvevmvi ab| evsjvi Avengvb Aci~c i~‡c cÖwZwU evOvwjB †gvngy»| 2.7 f`ª †gviv, kvšÍ e‡ov, †cvl-gvbv G cÖvY †evZvg-AuvUv Rvgvi wb‡P kvwšÍ‡Z kqvb| †`Lv n‡jB wgó AwZ, gy‡Li fve wkó AwZ, Ajm †`n wK¬ó MwZ, M„‡ni cÖwZ UvbÑ ˆZj-Xvjv wmœ» Zby wb`ªv i‡m fiv gv_vq †Qv‡Uv en‡i eo evOvwj mšÍvb| Bnvi †P‡q nZvg hw` Avie †e`yBb. PiYZ‡j wekvj giy w`M‡šÍ wejxb| QzU‡Q †Nvov D‡o‡Q evwj, Rxeb‡mªvZ AvKv‡k Xvwj ü`q-Z‡j ewý R¡vwj P‡jwQ wbwkw`bÑ eikv nv‡Z, fimv cÖv‡Y, m`vB wbiy‡Ïk giyi So †hgb e‡n mKj evav-nxb|

mvigg© : evOvwj kvšÍwkó, Kg©nxb, AvivgwcÖq I Ajm RvwZ| G Rxeb Kv‡iv Kvg¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv| Zvi †P‡q mvnmx, Kg©x I PÂjZv-gyLi Rxe‡bi AwaKvix nIqv A‡bK †ewk m¤§v‡bi| 8.8 GB †h weUwc-†kªwY †nwi mvwi mvwiÑ wK Avðh© †kvfvgq hvB ewjnvwi! †Kn ev mij mvay-ü`q †hgb, dj-f‡i bZ †Kn ¸Yxi gZb| G‡`i ¯^fve fv‡jv gvb‡ei †P‡q, B”Qv hvi †`L †`L ÁvbP‡ÿ †P‡q|

hLb gvbeKzj abevb nq, ZLb Zv‡`i wki mgybœZ iq| wKšÍy djkvjx n‡j GB ZiyMY, AnsKv‡i D”Pwki bv K‡i KLb| djk~b¨ n‡j m`v _v‡K mgybœZ, bxP cÖvq Kvi VuvB b‡n AebZ|

mv‡g¨i Mvb MvBÑ Avgvi P‡ÿ cyiyl-igYx †Kv‡bv †f`v‡f` bvB| we‡k¦i hv-wKQy gnvb m„wó wPi-Kj¨vYKi A‡a©K Zvi Kwiqv‡Q bvix, A‡a©K Zvi bi| we‡k¦ hv-wKQz Gj cvc-Zvc †e`bv AkÖyevwi A‡a©K Zvi Avwbqv‡Q bi, A‡a©K Zvi bvix| RM‡Zi hZ eo eo Rq eo eo Awfhvb gvZv fMœx I ea~‡`i Z¨v‡M nBqv‡Q gnxqvb| †Kvb i‡Y KZ Lyb w`j bi, †jLv Av‡Q BwZnv‡m, KZ bvix w`j wmuw_i wmu`yi, †jLv bvB Zvi cv‡k| KZ gvZv w`j ü`q Dcvwo KZ †evb w`j †mev, ex‡ii ¯§„wZ-¯Z‡¤¢i Mv‡q wjwLqv †i‡L‡Q †Kev? †Kv‡bv Kv‡j GKv nqwb †Kv Rqx cyiy‡li Zievwi, †cÖiYv w`qv‡Q, kw³ w`qv‡Q weRq-j²x bvix|

mvigg© : gvbemf¨Zv wbg©v‡Y bvix I cyiy‡li mgvb Ae`vb i‡q‡Q| wKšÍy BwZnv‡m cyiy‡li K_v hZUv †jLv n‡q‡Q, bvixi ZZUv nqwb| bvix‡K Zvi Kg©-¯^xK…wZ †_‡K ewÂZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLb w`b G‡m‡Q mg-AwaKv‡ii| bvix-cyiyl mevB‡K my›`i I D¾¡j fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ mw¤§wjZfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z n‡e|

wbwg©wZ

2.10

†n m~h©! kx‡Zi m~h©! wngkxZj my`xN© ivZ †Zvgvi cÖZxÿvq Avgiv _vwK †hgb cÖZxÿv K‡i _v‡K K…l‡Ki PÂj †PvL avbKvUvi †ivgvÂKi w`b¸wji R‡b¨|

†n m~h©, Zzwg †Zv Rv‡bv, Avgv‡`i Mig Kvc‡oi KZ Afve! mvivivZ LoKz‡Uv R¡vwj‡q GK UzK‡iv Kvc‡o Kvb †X‡K, KZK‡ó Avgiv kxZ AvUKvB! mKv‡ji GK UzK‡iv †ivÏyiÑ GK UzK‡iv †mvbvi †P‡qI g‡b nq `vwg|

mvigg© : m~‡h©i kw³‡Z f~-c„‡ô MvQcvjv, Rxe-RšÍy I gvbyl RxebaviY K‡i| cÖPÊ kx‡Z m~‡h©i GKUz DËv‡ci Rb¨ mvivivZ A‡cÿv K‡i e¯¿nxb, Avkªqnxb kxZvZ© gvbyl| mgv‡Ri Ae‡nwjZ I myweavewÂZ Gme gvby‡li Kv‡Q m~‡h©i DòZv †mvbvi †P‡qI `vwg|

3. fve-m¤úªmviY 3.1

G RM‡Z, nvq, †mB †ewk Pvq Av‡Q hvi f~wi f~wi ivRvi n¯Í K‡i mg¯Í KvOv‡ji ab Pzwi|

fve-m¤cÖmviY : gvbyl ¯^fveZB hZ cvq, ZZ Pvq| Zvi PvIqvi †kl †bB| G RM‡Z hvi hZ †ewk Av‡Q, †m ZZ Av‡iv †ewk Pvq| †h jvL UvKvi gvwjK, †m †KvwUcwZ n‡Z Pvq| hvi †KvwU Av‡Q, †m nvRvi †KvwU †c‡Z Pvq| ivRvi wecyj m¤ú` Av‡Q| ZeyI Zvi ivR¨ R‡qi cÖej AvKv•Lv| †Kbbv Zvi Av‡iv m¤ú` PvB| Av‡iv †fvM, Av‡iv wejvwmZv cÖ‡qvRb Zvi| GB Av‡iv cvIqvi B”Qv gvbyl‡K Agvbyl K‡i †Zv‡j| wb‡Ri gvbeZv‡K wemR©b w`‡q, wg_¨vi Avkªq wb‡q Zviv Mwi‡ei me©¯^ †K‡o †bq| Zviv Zv‡ì †fvM-jvjmv †gUv‡Z Mwi‡ei mvgvb¨ m¤ú` AvZ¥mvr K‡i wb‡Riv dz‡j-†du‡c I‡V| abx‡ì GB †jv‡f mgv‡Ri `xbnxb Mwie gvbyl¸‡jv cÖwZwbqZ n‡”Q cÖZvwiZ; mnvq-m¤^jnxb c‡_i dwKi| G‡Z abx‡ì g‡b mvgvb¨Zg KiyYvI nq bv|

3.2

Kwi‡Z cvwi bv KvR m`v fq, m`v jvR msk‡q msK‡í m`v U‡j cv‡Q †jv‡K wKQz e‡j|

fve-m¤cÖmviY : gvby‡li Rxeb Kg©gyLi| Kv‡Ri gva¨‡gB gvbeRxe‡bi mdjZv Av‡m| KvR Ki‡Z †M‡j fzj nq Ges fzj †_‡K wkÿv MÖnY K‡i gvbyl Zvi Rxeb‡K GwM‡q wb‡q hvq| wKšÍy G c„w_ex‡Z mevB Kg©x bq| wKQz Ajm-AKg©Y¨ gvbyl Av‡Q, hviv me mgq A‡bï †cQ‡b †j‡M _v‡K| Zv‡ì Kv‡Ri LuyZ a‡i, Ab¨vq mgv‡jvPbv K‡i| d‡j A‡bK mgq †Kv‡bv KvR Ki‡Z †M‡j †KD †KD wØavMÖ¯Í nq| †K Kx g‡b Ki‡e, †K Kx mgv‡jvPbv Ki‡e GB me †f‡e Zviv e‡m _v‡K| hvi Rb¨ KvR G‡Mvq bv| ZvB hviv mgv‡R Ae`vb ivL‡Z Pvq Zv‡ì wØav Ki‡j Pj‡e bv| `„p g‡bvej wb‡q †jvKj¾v I mgv‡jvPK‡K D‡cÿv Ki‡Z n‡e| gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Y gnr KvR Ki‡Z n‡j fqfxwZ ms‡KvP‡K cvk KvwU‡q GwM‡q †h‡Z n‡e| 3.3

fve-m¤cÖmviY : gvbe-mf¨Zv weKv‡k bvix I cyiy‡li mgvb Ae`vb i‡q‡Q| bvix-cyiy‡li mw¤§wjZ cÖ‡Póv‡ZB M‡o D‡V‡Q Avgv‡`i mgvR, mf¨Zv I ms¯‹…wZ| m„wóKZ©v bvix I cyiyl‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb G‡K Ac‡ii cwic~iK wn‡m‡e| ZvB bvix I cyiyl wPiKv‡ji mv_©K m½x| GKB gy`ªvi GwcV-IwcV| m„wói Avw`gKvj †_‡K bvix cyiyl‡K RywM‡q‡Q †cÖiYv, kw³ I mvnm| Avi cyiyl ex‡ii g‡Zv me Kv‡R AR©b K‡i‡Q mvdj¨| AvR ch©šÍ we‡k¦ hZ Awfhvb msNwUZ n‡q‡Q, Zvi AšÍiv‡j bvixi f~wgKvB gyL¨| m½Z Kvi‡YB bvix I cyiy‡li Kvh©‡ÿ‡Î wfbœZv Av‡Q| ZeyI bvix †hgb cyiy‡li Dci wbf©ikxj, cyiylI †Zgwb bvixi gyLv‡cÿx| bvix‡K ev` w`‡q cyiy‡li Rxeb Am¤ú~Y©, A_©nxb| bvix I cyiy‡li wgj‡bi g‡a¨B i‡q‡Q RM‡Zi mg¯Í Kj¨vY| Df‡qi `v‡b cyó n‡q‡Q Avgv‡`i c„w_ex| 3.4

Avgvi fvB‡qi i‡³ ivOv‡bv GKz‡k †deªyqvwi Avwg wK fzwj‡Z cvwi|

fve-m¤cÖmviY : c„w_exi mKj †`‡kiB RvZxq Rxe‡b Ggb `y-GKwU w`b Av‡m hv ¯^gwngvq D¾¡j| Avgv‡ì RvZxq Rxe‡b Ggwb ¯§„wZ-weRwoZ gwngv-D¾¡j GKwU w`b GKz‡k †deªyqvwi| mviv we‡k¦i evsjv fvlx‡ì Kv‡Q G w`bwU wPi-¯§iYxq| GKz‡k †deªyqvwii BwZnvm GKw`‡K Avb‡›ì, Ab¨w`‡K †e`bvi| cvwK¯Ívwb ˆ¯î-kvmKiv evOvwji gyL †_‡K evsjv fvlv †K‡o wb‡Z †P‡qwQj 1948 mv‡j| evsjvi gvbyl

wbwg©wZ

†m Ab¨vq †g‡b †bqwb| evsjvi `vgvj †Q‡jiv Zzgyj we‡ivwaZv K‡i ivRc‡_ †b‡g Av‡m| Ôivóªfvlv evsjv PvBÕ `vwe‡Z evsjvi AvKvk-evZvm cÖKw¤úZ K‡i †Zv‡j| ˆ¯îvPvix cvK-miKvi Av‡›`vjb `g‡bi Rb¨ ïiy K‡i †MÖdZvi, Ryjyg, wbh©vZb| G‡ZI evsjvi `yišÍ †Q‡j‡ì `gv‡Z bv †c‡i 1952 mv‡ji 21†k †deªyqvwi Zv‡ì wgwQ‡j wbg©gfv‡e ¸wjel©Y K‡i| iwdK, kwdK, eiKZ, ReŸvi, mvjv‡gi i‡³ XvKvi ivRc_ iwÄZ nq| evsjv cvq ivóªfvlvi gh©v`v| Avi mgMÖ evOvwji †PZbvq wPi¯§iYxq I eiYxq _v‡K fvlv-kwn`‡ì bvg| Zuv‡ì FY Avgiv †Kv‡bvw`b fyje bv| 3.5

Rwb¥‡j gwi‡Z n‡e wPiw¯’i K‡e bxi

Agi †K †Kv_v K‡e nq †i Rxeb b‡`?

evsjvi BwZnvm G †`‡ki gvby‡li i³ w`‡q ivRc_ iwÄZ Kivi BwZnvm|

fve-m¤cÖmviY : evOvwj RvwZi me‡P‡q †MŠi‡ei BwZnvm A‡bK i‡³i wewbg‡q AwR©Z ¯^vaxbZvi BwZnvm| evOvwj RvwZ Kv‡iv AaxbZv †Kv‡bvw`b †g‡b †bqwb| Ab¨vq I †kvl‡Yi weiy‡× evOvwji Ae¯’vb wPiKvjB wQj eRªKwVb| ZvB GLv‡b evievi we‡`ªv‡ni Av¸b R¡‡j‡Q| Jcwb‡ewkK weªwUk kvm‡bi RuvZvK‡j cÖvq `y‡kv eQi a‡i wb‡®úwlZ n‡q‡Q G RvwZ| 1947-G †mB RuvZvKj †_‡K G Dcgnv‡`‡ki gvbyl gyw³ †c‡jI evOvwji gyw³ †g‡jwb| G eÜb evOvwj †g‡bI †bqwb| 1952 mv‡ji i³Siv fvlv-Av‡›`vj‡bi ga¨ w`‡q evOvwj ax‡i ax‡i GwM‡q hvq gyw³-msMÖv‡gi w`‡K| 1958 I 1966 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívwb mvgwiK kvmK evsjvi `vgvj †Q‡j‡`i Ici ¸wj Pvjvq| ¸wj K‡i 1969-Gi MYAfy¨Ìv‡bI| evievi evOvwji ey‡Ki i‡³ iwÄZ nq ivRc_| ZeyI Zv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi `vwe‡K †VKv‡Z e¨_© nq cvwK¯Ívwb RvšÍv-evwnbx| ZvB Zviv 1971-G evOvwji Ici P~ovšÍ AvNvZ nv‡b| ZLb evsjvi gvbyl Suvwc‡q c‡o gyw³-msMÖv‡g| jÿ jÿ gvby‡li ey‡Ki i‡³ evsjvi gvwU jvj nq| Ae‡k‡l AwR©Z nq ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`k|

100

3.7

m½‡`v‡l †jvnv fv‡m|

fve-m¤cÖmviY : cÖ‡Z¨K gvbylB Zvi Rxeb cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î GKwU ¯^vaxb mËv enb K‡i| †m GKvB Zvi we‡eK‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i| Z‡e G‡ÿ‡Î Zvi m‡½i cÖfve we‡klfv‡e jÿYxq| fwel¨‡Zi my›ì ev Lviv‡ci welqwU wbf©i K‡i e¨w³i B”Qv ev m½ wbe©vP‡bi Ici| †hme gvbyl DbœZ PwiÎ ev mr-¯^fv‡ei †jv‡Ki m‡½ †gjv‡gkv K‡i, Zv‡ì ¯^fve-PwiÎI my›ì I weKwkZ n‡q I‡V| Ab¨w`‡K hviv Kzm‡½ ev Kzmsm‡M© †_‡K wb‡R‡ì Pwi‡Îi AatcZb NwU‡q‡Q, mgv‡R Zv‡ì wech©q Awbevh©| ZvB gvbeRxe‡b m½ wbe©vPb AZ¨šÍ ¸iyZ¡c~Y© welq| cÖK…wZ‡ZI †hme e¯‘ my›ì I igYxq, †m¸‡jvi ms¯ú‡k© †hme e¯‘ _v‡K ZvivI my›ì I AvKl©Yxq n‡q I‡V| Lvivc e¯‘wU my›ì e¯‘wUi ¸Y wb‡Ri g‡a¨ aviY K‡i A‡bï Kv‡Q wb‡R‡K gh©v`vevb I MÖnY‡hvM¨ K‡i †Zv‡j| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ, m½B m„wó‡K gwngvwš^Z K‡i †Zv‡j| Avi GRb¨ m½B n‡jv mewKQzi mvdj¨ I wedjZvi PvweKvwV| 3.8

†jv‡f cvc, cv‡c g„Zz¨|

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Zv‡ì Rxe‡bi m‡½ cïi Rxe‡bi †Kv‡bv cv_©K¨ †bB| ÁvbB gvbyl I cïi g‡a¨ cv_©‡Kï mxgv‡iLv †U‡b †`q| ZvB gvbyl‡K me mgq Ávbmvabvq wb‡qvwRZ _vKv ìKvi| 3.10

GKZvB ej|

fve-m¤cÖmviY : gvbyl cvwievwiK Rxe| cwiev‡ii cÖ‡Z¨‡K G‡K Ac‡ii Dci wbf©ikxj| GB ci¯ú‡ii Dci wbf©ikxjZv †_‡K M‡o D‡V‡Q gvbemgvR; gvby‡li GKZv‡eva| ZvB gvbeRxe‡bi Aw¯Í‡Z¡i m‡½ GKZvi Mfxi m¤úK©| gvbyl‡K me mgq cÖwZK~j cwi‡e‡ki g‡a¨ Rxebhvcb Ki‡Z nq| Zvi kÎyi †kl †bB| cÖwZK~j cwi‡e‡k kÎyi †gvKv‡ejv Kivi Rb¨ gvby‡li ìKvi msNe× kw³i| GKZve× Rxe‡b Av‡Q wbivcËvi wbðqZv| HKë× RvwZ‡K †Kv‡bv kw³B c`vbZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| GKZvi Kj¨vY cÖwZdwjZ nq e¨w³ I RvZxq Rxe‡bI| GKR‡b †h KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i, `kR‡b Zvi eû¸Y KvR Kiv m¤¢e| Gfv‡e RvwZ GKZvi ¸‡Y eo nq | AvR‡Ki we‡k¦ hviv DbœZ I mg„× RvwZ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ Zviv wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ me †f`v‡f` fz‡j RvZxq H‡K¨ DØy× n‡q‡Q| †h RvwZ HKë× bq, †m RvwZi DbœwZ Am¤¢e| e¨w³i †ÿ‡Î eÜzevÜenxb wbtm½ Rxeb †hgb weåvwšÍKi, †Zgwb GKZvnxb RvwZi aŸsm Awbevh©| e¨w³Rxe‡bi ¯^v‡_©, RvZxq Rxe‡bi Kj¨v‡Y Ges gvbeRvwZi g½‡ji Rb¨ gvby‡li GKZve× _vKv GKvšÍB Acwinvh©|

102

4. cÎ iPbv 4.1 e¨w³MZ cÎ : K. g‡b Ki †Zvgvi bvg wbweo| †Zvgvi eÜzi bvg ivûj| †m Lyjbvq _v‡K| e„ÿ‡ivc‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv D‡jøL K‡i Zvi Kv‡Q GKwU cÎ †jL| cjøex XvKvÑ1236 13.07.2012 wcÖq ivûj, Avgvi ï‡f”Qv wbI| A‡bK w`b n‡jv †Zvgvi †Kv‡bv Lei cvB bv| Avkv Kwi fv‡jv AvQ| MZw`b Avgv‡ì ¯‹z‡j Ôe„ÿ‡ivc‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvÕ wel‡q GKwU †mwgbvi n‡q †Mj| †mB †mwgbv‡iB e„ÿ‡ivc‡Yi ¸iyZ¡ m¤ú‡K© A‡bK fv‡jv fv‡jv K_v ïbjvg| †Zvgv‡K †m¸‡jv Rvbv‡ZB G wPwV wjL‡Z e‡mwQ| Zzwg †Zv Rv‡bv, MvQ Avgv‡ì cig eÜz| Avgiv k¦vm-cÖk¦v‡m Aw·‡Rb MÖnY Kwi, Kve©b-WvBA·vBW Z¨vM Kwi| Avi MvQ Avgv‡ì cÖ‡qvRbxq Aw·‡Rb mieivn K‡i Ges welv³ Kve©b-WvB-A·vBW †kvlY K‡i †bq, cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ iÿv K‡i| wKšÍy gvbyl Zvi cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖPzi MvQ KvU‡Q| eb DRvo n‡”Q| Zv‡Z cÖK…wZ I cwi‡e‡ki fxlY ÿwZ n‡”Q| Zzwg nq‡Zv Rv‡bv bv, cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ iÿvi Rb¨ GKwU †`‡ki g~j f~-L‡Êi Kgc‡ÿ cuwPk fvM eb _vKv ìKvi| Avgv‡ì †`‡k Zv †bB| eis hv Av‡Q Zv-I wbwe©Pv‡i aŸsm Kiv n‡”Q| mf¨Zv I Dbœq‡bi d‡j m„wó n‡”Q KjKviLvbv| iv¯Ívq hvbevn‡bi PjvPj evo‡Q| KjKviLvbv I Mvwoi †auvqvq evZv‡m evo‡Q Kve©b-WvB-A·vB‡Wi cwigvY| Kg‡Q evZv‡mi I‡Rvb ¯Íi| m„wó n‡”Q wMÖbnvDR G‡d±| d‡j gvby‡li ¯^v‡¯’ï AebwZ NU‡Q| †`Lv w`‡”Q bvbv †ivM-e¨vwa| GmeB NU‡Q evZv‡m Aw·‡R‡bi Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y| ZvB †ewk †ewk MvQ jvMv‡j evZv‡m Aw·‡R‡bi NvUwZ c~iY n‡e| cÖK…wZi fvimvg¨ wd‡i Avm‡e| cwi‡ek `~lYgy³ n‡e| ZvQvov Avgv‡ì R¡vjvwbi Pvwn`vi †ewkifvM c~iY nq e„‡ÿi gva¨‡g| KvV †_‡K Avgiv evwoNi Ges Avgv‡ì cÖ‡qvRbxq AvmevecÎ cÖ¯‘Z K‡i _vwK| myZivs fwel¨‡Zi K_v †f‡e GLbB Avgv‡ì AwaK nv‡i e„ÿ‡ivcY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| evwoi Pvicv‡k, iv¯Ívi `ycv‡k, cwZZ Rwg‡Z cÖPzi cwigv‡Y MvQ jvMv‡Z n‡e| e„ÿ‡ivc‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv m¤ú‡K© RbMY‡K Av‡iv m‡PZb K‡i Zzj‡Z n‡e| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, e„ÿ euvP‡j Avgiv euvPe| AvR GB ch©šÍB| †Zvgvi gv-evev‡K Avgvi kª×v RvwbI| wPwV wÌ| BwZÑ †Zvgvi eÜy wbweo| WvK wUwKU cÖvcK: †cÖiK: †gv. ivûj wbweo †mZz †mvbviZix cjøex, wgicyi, 33 m¨vi BKevj †ivW XvKv| Lyjbv|

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cÖvcK: gygZvwnbv cÖh‡Zœ : †gv. wdi`vDm ZvivewbqvQiv K·evRvi|

104

M. g‡b Ki, †Zvgvi †QvU fvB gy» lô †kªwY‡Z c‡o| Zv‡K Ôcixÿvq Am`ycvq Aej¤^b e¨w³ Z_v RvwZi Rb¨ ûgwK¯î~cÕ GB g‡g© GKwU cÎ cvVvI| wmw×iMÄ bvivqYMÄ 17.07. 2012 †mœ‡ni gy», Avgvi Avì wbI| MZKvj †Zvgvi wPwV †c‡qwQ| Zzwg I evwoi mevB fv‡jv AvQ †R‡b Lywk n‡qwQ| wPwV‡Z Rvb‡Z cvijvg AvMvgx gv‡mi cÖ_g mßv‡n †Zvgvi cixÿv ïiy n‡e| †Zvgvi cov‡kvbv wbðqB fv‡jvfv‡e Pj‡Q? g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q ¸iyZ¡c~Y© cÖkœ¸‡jv co Ges evievi †jL| wb‡Ri fzj¸‡jv wb‡RB ms‡kvab Ki| G‡Z †Zvgvi nv‡Zi †jLv †hgb my›ì n‡e, †Zgwb †jLvq evbvb fzjI K‡g hv‡e| d‡j cixÿvi LvZvq †ewk b¤î cv‡e| AvRKvj A‡bK wkÿv_©xB K¬v‡m g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q wkÿK‡ì K_v †kv‡b bv| evwo‡ZI wVKg‡Zv cov‡jLv K‡i bv| Zviv cixÿvi n‡j wM‡q bKj K‡i| †KD †KD bKj K‡i fv‡jvfv‡e cvmI K‡i hvq| wKšÍy cÖK…Z wkÿv Zv‡ì nq bv| QvÎiv †`‡ki fwel¨r| AvMvgx‡Z ZvivB †`k cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡ †b‡e| ZvB cwikªg I mvabvi gva¨‡g Zv‡ì wb‡R‡K me w`K w`‡q Dchy³ K‡i M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e| cixÿvq bKj Kiv GKwU mvgvwRK e¨vwa| GB e¨vwa RvwZ‡K aŸs‡mi w`‡K wb‡q hvq| bK‡ji g‡Zv `yb©xwZ ev cv‡ci Ici wfwË K‡i Rxe‡b KL‡bvB mvdj¨ jvf Kiv hvq bv| Avkv Kwi, Zzwg wkÿK‡ì Dc‡`k g‡Zv cov‡kvbvi cÖwZ Mfxi gbtms‡hvM Ki‡e| gvby‡li g‡Zv gvbyl n‡q Avgv‡ì cwievi I †`‡ki gyL D¾¡j Ki‡e| †Zvgvi K…wZZ¡ I †MŠie Kvgbv Kwi| fv‡jv †_‡K| evev I gv‡K Avgvi mvjvg RvwbI| BwZÑ euvab fvBqv |

†cÖiK: euvab wmw×iMÄ bvivqYMÄ|

WvK wUwKU cÖvcK: gy» cÖh‡Zœ : eyjeyj Anv‡g` MÖvg : KzjwUqv WvKNi : KzwjqviPi †Rjv : mybvgMÄ

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105

wcÖq ebvbx, Avgvi †mœnvwkm wbI| A‡bK w`b ci †Zvgvi wPwV †cjvg| Zywg K¬v‡m cÖ_g n‡qQ †R‡b Lye Avbw›`Z n‡qwQ| Avwg Av‡iv Lywk n‡qwQ Zzwg K¬v‡mi cov‡kvbvi evB‡i Kw¤úDUvi wkLQ e‡j| eZ©gvb hyM n‡”Q weÁvb I cÖhyw³i hyM| Avi cÖhyw³i G hy‡M m‡e©v”P ¯’vb `Lj K‡i Av‡Q Kw¤úDUvi| Kw¤úDUvi Qvov AvaywbK Rxeb-hvcb Kíbv Kiv hvq bv| wkÿv, ms¯‹…wZ, †Ljvayjv, eëmvevwYR¨, Awdm-Av`vjZ, wPwKrmv, we‡bv`b Ñ me †ÿ‡ÎB Kw¤úDUv‡ii eënvi AvR Acwinvh©| ZvB Kg©‡ÿ‡ÎI GLb Kw¤úDUvi Rvbv †jvK‡ì AMÖvwaKvi| Kw¤úDUvi-AwfÁ †jvK †eKvi e‡m _v‡K bv| ZvB eZ©gvb wkÿv eë¯’vq Kw¤úDUvi wkÿvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Acwimxg| Avgv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡KiI DwPZ Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi mv‡_ Kw¤úDUvi wkÿvi cÖwZ ¸iyZ¡ †Ìqv| Zzwg K¬v‡mi cov‡kvbvi cvkvcvwk Kw¤úDUvi fv‡jvfv‡e AvqË Ki‡e, Avgvi GB ïf Kvgbv iBj| AvR Avi bv| gv I evev‡K Avgvi mvjvg wÌ| Zzwg fv‡jv †_‡Kv| BwZÑ †Zvgvi fvBqv ivbv WvK wUwKU †cÖiK: wkgyj 104, Avnmvb †ivW Lyjbv| †Rjv : Rvgvjcyi|

cÖvcK: eªZZx ebvbx MÖvg : kªxcyi WvKNi : eKwmMÄ

106

4.2 Av‡e`b cÎ : K. g‡b Ki †Zvgvi bvg cÖZ¨q| Aóg †kªwY‡Z †Zvgvi †ivj b¤î 03| nVvr K‡i †Zvgvi evev ¸iyZi Amy¯’ n‡q c‡o‡Qb e‡jB †Zvgvi †jLvcov eÜ n‡Z e‡m‡Q| G Ae¯’vq we`¨vj‡qi QvÎKj¨vY Znwej †_‡K mvnvh¨ †P‡q cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki wbKU GKLvwb Av‡e`b cÎ †jL| 18-07-2012 eivei, cÖavb wkÿK, iscyi gva¨wgK we`¨vjq, iscyi| welq : we`¨vj‡qi QvÎKj¨vY Znwej †_‡K Avw_©K mvnvh¨ cvIqvi Rb¨ Av‡e`b| g‡nv`q, webxZ wb‡e`b GB, Avwg Avcbvi we`¨vj‡qi Aóg †kªwYi GKRb wbqwgZ QvÎ| weMZ wZb eQi hver Avwg G we`¨vcx‡V cov‡jLv KiwQ| cixÿvq me mgqB Avwg cÖ_g n‡q GK †kªwY †_‡K Ab¨ †kªwY‡Z DËxY© n‡qwQ| Aóg †kªwY‡ZI Avgvi †ivj b¤î 01| Avgvi evev GKRb `wi`ª K…lK| cwiev‡ii fiY‡cvlY QvovI Avgv‡ì wZb fvB‡ev‡bi †jLvcovi LiP Pvjv‡Z wZwb wngwkg Lvb| ZeyI wZwb G hver we`¨vj‡qi hveZxq cvIbv cwi‡kva K‡i Avgv‡ì cov‡jLvi LiP Pvwj‡q AvmwQ‡jb| m¤cÖwZ wZwb ¸iyZi Amy¯’ n‡q covq Avgv‡ì †jLvcov eÜ n‡q hvevi Dcµg n‡q‡Q| GgZve¯’vq we`¨vj‡qi QvÎKj¨vY Znwej †_‡K Avw_©K mvnvh¨ eivÏ K‡i Avgvi †jLvcov Pvwj‡q hvevi Rb¨ AvKzj Av‡e`b Rvbvw”Q| AZGe g‡nv`q, Avgvi Av‡e`b gvbweKfv‡e we‡ePbv K‡i Avgv‡K QvÎKj¨vY Znw&ej †_‡K Avw_©K mvnvh¨`v‡b evwaZ Ki‡eb|

webxZ wb‡e`K †hv‡kd M‡gR †ivj bsÑ 01, Aóg †kªwY iscyi gva¨wgK we`¨vjq, iscyi|

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107

L. wkÿvmd‡ii ¸iyZ¡ D‡jøL K‡i †Zvgvi ¯‹z‡ji cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki wbKU wkÿmd‡i hvIqvi AbygwZ †P‡q GKwU Av‡e`b cÎ †jL| eivei, cÖavb wkÿK, miKvwi wf‡±vwiqv GKv‡Wwg, †kicyi| welq : wkÿvmd‡i †cÖi‡Yi Rb¨ Av‡e`b| g‡nv`q, mwebq wb‡e`b GB †h, Avgiv Avcbvi we`¨vj‡qi Aóg †kªwYi wkÿv_©x| cÖwZ eQi GB we`¨vj‡qi Aóg †kªwYi wkÿv_©xiv wkÿvmd‡i wM‡q _v‡K| wKšÍy GeQi GL‡bv Zvi †Kv‡bv D‡`¨vM M„nxZ nqwb| Avgiv wkÿvmd‡i †h‡Z PvB| QvÎRxe‡b wkÿvmd‡ii ¸iyZ¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Acwimxg| wkÿvmd‡ii d‡j eënvwiK wkÿvi m‡½ ev¯Íe Ávb I AwfÁZv Av‡iv mg„× nq| †h‡Kv‡bv åg‡YB †`k I †`‡ki gvbyl‡K fv‡jvfv‡e Rvbvi my‡hvM nq| Avgiv Gevi wkÿvmd‡i gqgbwms‡n hvIqvi AvMÖn cÖKvk KiwQ| gqgbwmsn cÖvPxb kni| Gi gy³vMvQv _vbv wkÿv-ms¯‹…wZ‡Z Lye AMÖMvgx wQj| †mLv‡b cÖvPxb Rwg`vi evwo Av‡Q| gqgbwmsn kn‡i iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi G‡mwQ‡jb| †m ¯§„wZwPýI †`Lv hv‡e| ZvQvov K…wl wek¦we`¨vq, Avb›`‡gvnb K‡jR, Rqbyj Av‡e`xb msMÖnkvjv BZ¨vwÌ Avgv‡ì AvMÖ‡ni †K›`ª i‡q‡Q| Gme ¯’vb I ¯’vcbv `k©b K‡i Avgiv we‡kl Ávb AR©b Ki‡Z mÿg n‡ev| GKw`‡bi GB md‡ii m¤ú~Y© e¨qfvi Avgiv enb Kie| Avgv‡ì m‡½ `yRb wmwbqi wkÿK †h‡Z ivwR n‡q‡Qb| Avcbvi m¤§wZ †c‡j wkÿvmd‡i hvIqvi w`b avh© K‡i Avgiv Avgv‡ì AwffveK‡ì AbygwZ MÖnY Kie| AZGe, g‡nv`‡qi Kv‡Q webxZ Av‡e`b, Avgv‡ì wkÿvmd‡i hvIqvi m`q AbygwZ w`‡q Ges gqgbwms‡n mswkøó KZ©„c‡ÿi mn‡hvwMZv jv‡fi cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯_v K‡i evwaZ Ki‡eb|

108

M. g‡b Ki, †Zvgvi evev GKwU e¨vs‡K PvKwi K‡ib| m¤cÖwZ †Zvgvi evevi e`wj n‡q‡Q| ZvB †Zvgv‡KI Zvi mv‡_ P‡j †h‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ †Zvgvi ¯‹z‡ji cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki Kv‡Q QvocÎ †P‡q Av‡e`b Ki|

eivei, cÖavb wkÿK, ivOvgvwU gva¨wgK we`¨vjq, ivOvgvwU| welq : we`¨vjq †_‡K QvocÎ cvIqvi Rb¨ Av‡e`b| g‡nv`q, webxZ wb‡e`b GB †h, Avwg Avcbvi we`¨vj‡qi Aóg †kªwYi GKRb QvÎ| Avgvi evev GKRb e¨vsKKg©KZ©v| m¤cÖwZ Zv‡K K·evRvi †Rjv kn‡i e`wj Kiv n‡q‡Q| ZvB cwiev‡ii mevi m‡½ Avgv‡KI K·evRvi †h‡Z n‡”Q| †mLv‡b bZzb K‡i fwZ©i Rb¨ GB we`¨vj‡qi QvocÎ cÖ‡qvRb| AZGe, AbyMÖnc~e©K Avgv‡K we`¨vjq Z¨v‡Mi QvocÎ w`‡q evwaZ Ki‡eb|

wb‡e`K, cÖZ¨q PvKgv †ivj bs Ñ 12, 8g †kªwY ivOvgvwU gva¨wgK we`¨vjq, ivOvgvwU| ZvwiL : 14. 06. 2012

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N. ai, Zzwg cvZvevnvi D”P we`¨vjq, `wbqv, XvKvi Aóg †kªwYi QvÎ| †Zvgv‡ì ¯‹z‡j GKwU ÔweÁvb K¬veÕ MV‡bi AbygwZ †P‡q cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki wbKU GKLvbv Av‡e`b cÎ iPbv Ki| 18-07-2012 eivei, cÖavb wkÿK, cvZvevnvi D”P we`¨vjq, `wbqv, XvKv| welq : ÔweÁvb K¬veÕ MV‡bi AbygwZi Rb¨ Av‡e`b| g‡nv`q, mwebq wb‡e`b GB †h, Avgiv Avcbvi we`¨vj‡qi Aóg †kªwYi QvÎ-QvÎx| †ek wKQzw`b †_‡K Avgiv ¯‹z‡j weÁvbPP©vi Rb¨ GKwU weÁvb K¬v‡ei cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyfe KiwQ| weÁvb I cÖhyw³i GB Pig DrK‡l©i hy‡M weÁvbPP©v Qvov wkÿv m¤ú~Y© nq bv| Avi weÁvb K¬ve MVb Kiv n‡j weÁvb wel‡q Av‡jvPbv, Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb, cÎ-cwÎKv cÖKvk Kiv m¤¢e n‡e| weÁvb wel‡q cov‡kvbv I M‡elYv K‡i Avgiv bZzb bZzb weÁvb cÖ‡R± ˆZwi‡ZI `ªyZ mdjZv AR©b Kie| AZGe, g‡nv`‡qi wbKU webxZ cÖv_©bv, Avgv‡ì we`¨vj‡q GKwU ÔweÁvb K¬veÕ MV‡bi AbygwZ I cÖ‡qvRbxq w`Kwb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb K‡i evwaZ Ki‡eb| wb‡e`KÑ Aóg †kªwYi wkÿv_©x‡ì c‡ÿ Ave`ym mvjvg cvZvevnvi D”P we`¨vjq, `wbqv, XvKv|

110

5.3

wbgš¿Y cÎ :

K. †Zvgvi ¯‹z‡j ÔbRiyj Rb¥RqšÍxÕ D`&hvcb Dcj‡ÿ GKwU Avgš¿Y cÎ iPbv Ki| myax, AvMvgx 11B ˆR¨ô, 1419 / 25‡k †g, 2012, ïµevi weKvj PviUvq we‡`ªvnx I Avgv‡`i RvZxq Kwe KvRx bRiyj Bmjv‡gi 113Zg Rb¥RqšÍx Dcj‡ÿ wR.†K D”P we`¨vjq wgjbvqZ‡b GK Av‡jvPbv mfv I mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Abyôv‡b cÖavb AwZw_i Avmb AjsK…Z Ki‡eb e‡iY¨ K_vmvwnwZ¨K nvmvb AvwRRyj nK| mfvcwZZ¡ Ki‡eb cÖavb wkÿK m‡ivR Kzgvi PµeZ©x| Abyôv‡b Avcbvi Dcw¯’wZ GKvšÍfv‡e Kvgbv Kwi|

ZvwiL : 15.05.2012

Abyôvbm~wP 04. 05 : AwZw_e„‡›`i Avmb MÖnY 04. 20 : cweÎ ag©MÖš’mg~n †_‡K cvV 04. 30 : we‡kl Av‡jvPbv 05. 00 : mfvcwZi fvlY 05. 30 : mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôvb|

webxZÑ dwi` Avng` mwjj AvnŸvqK bRiyj Rb¥RqšÍx D`&hvcb cwil` wR. †K. D”P we`¨vjq, Lyjbv|

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L. ai, †Zvgvi cvovq ÒAvÂwjK ˆgÎx msNÓ bv‡g GKwU K¬ve Av‡Q| K¬v‡ei cÿ †_‡K evsjv beel© D`&hvcb Dcj‡ÿ GKwU wbgš¿Y cÎ iPbv Ki| wcÖq myax, ïf Ôbeel©Õ D`&hvcb Dcj‡ÿ AvMvgx 1jv ˆekvL, 1419 / 14B GwcÖj, 2012, kwbevi mKvj 07Uvq AvÂwjK ˆgÎx ms‡Ni cÿ †_‡K GK eY©vX¨ g½j †kvfvhvÎv I mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

D³ Abyôv‡b Avcwb mevÜe Avgwš¿Z|

ZvwiL : 25.3.2012

Abyôvbm~wP 06.30 : g½j †kvfvhvÎvi cÖ¯‘wZ 07.30 : msN-cÖv½Y †_‡K †kvfvhvÎv ïiy; GjvKv cwiågY 09.00 : ms‡Ni wgjbvqZ‡b cÖxwZ‡fvR 10.00 : g‡bvÁ mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôvb 12.00 : mgvwß|

webxZÑ Awi›`g Lv‡jK mvs¯‹…wZK m¤úv`K AvÂwjK ˆgÎx msN, wm‡jU|

112

cÖeÜ iPbv 5.1 evsjv‡`‡ki loFZz

m~Pbv : evsjv‡`k FZz-êwP‡Îï †`k| GLv‡b GK GK FZzi GK GK i~c| FZz‡Z FZz‡Z GLv‡b P‡j mvR e`‡ji cvjv| bZzb bZzb iO-†iLvq cÖK„wZ Avjcbv Auv‡K gvwUi ey‡K, AvKv‡ki Mv‡q, gvby‡li g‡b| ZvB FZz e`‡ji mv‡_ mv‡_ GLv‡b Rxe‡biI iO e`j nq| †m-Kvi‡YB eywS Kwe iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii K‡É aŸwbZ nqÑ RM‡Zi gv‡S KZ wewPÎ Zzwg †nÑ Zzwg wewPÎ i~wcYx| loFZzi cwiPq : c„w_exi AwaKvsk †`‡k FZzi msL¨v PviwU n‡jI evsjv‡`k Qq FZzi †`k| GLv‡b cÖwZ `yB gvm AšÍi GKwU bZzb FZzi Avwef©ve N‡U| FZz¸‡jv n‡”QÑ MÖx®§, el©v, kir, †ngšÍ, kxZ I emšÍ| Giv PµvKv‡i AvewZ©Z nq| Avi cÖ‡Z¨K FZzi Avwef©v‡e evsjv‡`‡ki cÖK…wZi i~c I †mŠ›`h© êwPÎ¨gq n‡q I‡V| MÖx®§Kvj : FZzP‡µi ïiy‡ZB Av‡m MÖx®§| êkvL-ˆR¨ô `yB gvm MÖx®§Kvj| Av¸‡bi gkvj nv‡Z gvV-NvU †cvov‡Z †cvov‡Z MÖx®§iv‡Ri AvMgb| ZLb AvKvk-evZvm ayjvq a~mwiZ n‡q I‡V| cÖK…wZi k¨vgj-wmœ» i~c nvwi‡q hvq| Lvj-wej, b`x-bvjv ïwK‡q hvq| Amn¨ Mi‡g mg¯Í cªvwYKyj GKUz kxZj cvwb I Qvqvi Rb¨ KvZi n‡q c‡o| GiB g‡a¨ KL‡bv nVvr ïiy nq Kvj‡ev‡kwLi `yišÍ ZvÊe| †f‡OPz‡i mewKQz ZQbQ K‡i w`‡q hvq| Z‡e MÖx®§ ïay †cvovq bv, AK…cY nv‡Z `vb K‡i Avg, Rvg, Rvgiyj, wjPz, ZigyR I bvi‡K‡ji g‡Zv Ag„Z dj| el©vKvj : MÖx‡®§i c‡iB gnvmgv‡iv‡n el©v Av‡m| Avlvp-kªveY `yB gvm el©vKvj| w`wM¦Rqx †hv×vi †e‡k el©vi Avwef©ve| †g‡Ni ¸iyM¤¢xi MR©‡b cÖK…wZ †_‡g †_‡g wkD‡i I‡V| ïiy nq gyljavivq e„wó| gvV-NvU cvwb‡Z cwic~Y© n‡q hvq| cÖK…wZ‡Z †`Lv †`q g‡bvig mRxeZv| RbRxe‡b wd‡i Av‡m cÖkvwšÍ| K…l‡Kiv Rwg‡Z avb-cv‡Ui exR †ivcY K‡i| Mv‡Q Mv‡Q †dv‡U K`g, †Kqv, RuyB| el©vq cvIqv hvq Avbvim, †cqviv cÖf…wZ dj| kirKvj : evZv‡m wkDwj dz‡ji myevm Qwo‡q Av‡m kir| fv`ª-Avwk¦b `yB gvm kirKvj| G mgq el©vi Kv‡jv †gN mv`v n‡q ¯^”Q bxj AvKv‡k Zz‡jvi g‡Zv †f‡m †eovq| b`xi Zx‡i Zx‡i e‡m mv`v Kvkdz‡ji †gjv| we‡Kj †ejv gvjv †Mu‡_ D‡o P‡j mv`v e‡Ki mvwi| meyR †XD‡qi †`vjvq `y‡j I‡V av‡bi †LZ| iv‡Zi AvKv‡k R¡jR¡j K‡i ARmª Zvivi †gjv| kvcjvi nvwm‡Z we‡ji Rj Sjgj Sjgj K‡i |

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114

5.2 evsjv beel© m~Pbv : evsjv beel© evOvwji Rxe‡b we‡kl GK Zvrch© enb K‡i| MZvbyMwZK Rxebavivi g‡a¨ beel© wb‡q Av‡m bZzb myi, bZzb DÏxcbv| weMZ eQ‡ii me `ytL-†e`bv‡K GKivk nvwm, Avb›` Avi Mvb w`‡q fzwj‡q w`‡q hvq beel©| cÖvPxbKvj †_‡K RvwZ-ag©-eY© wbwe©‡k‡l GwU evOvwji Avb›`gq Drme wn‡m‡e mycwiwPZ| evsjv beel© ZvB evOvwji RvZxq Drme| e½vã ev evsjv m‡bi BwZnvm : e½vã ev evsjv mb cÖPj‡bi BwZnvm in‡m¨ †Niv| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv BwZnvmwe` g‡b K‡ib, evsjvi myjZvb †nv‡mb kvn evsjv m‡bi cÖeZ©K| Kv‡iv Kv‡iv g‡Z, w`wjøi mgªvU AvKei evsjv m‡bi cÖPjb K‡ib| Zuvi wb‡`©‡k Avwgi d‡ZDjøvn wmivwR c~‡e© cÖPwjZ wnRwi I Pv›`ª eQ‡ii mgš^‡q †mŠi eQ‡ii cÖPjb K‡ib| Z‡e myjZvb †nv‡mb kv‡ni mg‡q (903 wnRwi) evsjv m‡bi cÖPjb n‡jI mgªvU AvKe‡ii mgq (963 wnRwi) †_‡KB GwU me©fviZxq i~c jvf K‡i| ZLb †_‡KB GwU evOvwj ms¯‹…wZi mv‡_ wbweofv‡e m¤úwK©Z| evsjv mb Avcvgi evOvwj RvwZi GKvšÍ wbR¯^ Aã| bee‡l©i Drme : evOvwjiv cÖvPxbKvj †_‡KB beel© D`&hvcb K‡i Avm‡Q| ZLb eQi ïiy n‡Zv AMÖnvqY gvm †_‡K| GwU wQj dmj KvUvi mgq| miKvwi ivR¯^ I FY Av`v‡qi GwUB wQj h_v_© mgq| c‡i e½vã ev evsjv m‡bi cÖPjb n‡j êkvL gvm †_‡K el© MYbv ïiy nq| Avi evOvwjiv c‡njv êkv‡L evsjv beel© D`&hvcb K‡i| evsjv‡`‡k beel© D`&hvc‡b G‡m‡Q bZzb gvÎv| eZ©gv‡b Avgv‡ì †`‡k ivóªxqfv‡e beel© cvjb Kiv nq| c‡njv êkvL : weMZ w`‡bi mg¯Í Møvwb gy‡Q w`‡q, cvIqv bv cvIqvi me wn‡me PzwK‡q cÖwZ eQi Av‡m c‡njv êkvL| evsjv beel©| gnvaygav‡g ïiy nq el©eiY| mevB †M‡q I‡V iex›`ªbv‡_i GB Mvb : G‡mv, G‡mv, G‡mv †n êkvL, Zvc wbtk¦vm ev‡q gyg~l©y‡i `vI Dov‡q, erm‡ii AveR©bvÑ `~i n‡q hvK| evsjv bee‡l©i Ab¨Zg AvKl©Y n‡”Q c‡njv êkv‡L AbywôZ êkvLx †gjv| êkvLx †gjvB n‡”Q evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q eo mve©Rbxb Drme| RvwZ-ag©-eY© wbwe©‡k‡l me gvby‡li gnvwgjb †ÿÎ GB †gjv| G †gjvq Avengvb MÖvg-evsjvi mvs¯‹…wZK Kg©Kv‡Êi GKwU cwiwPwZ dz‡U I‡V| evDj, gvidwZ, gywk©w`, fvwUqvwjmn evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ AÂ‡ji †jvKMv‡b †gjvi AvKvk-evZvm gyLwiZ nq| hvÎv, bvUK, cyZzj bvP, mvK©vm, bvMi‡`vjv BZ¨vw` †gjvq we‡kl AvKl©Y m„wó K‡i| †gjvq cvIqv hvq gvwUi nuvwo, evmb‡Kvmb, cyZzj; †eZ I euv‡ki ˆZwi M„n¯’vwji mvgMÖx, ZvjcvLv, KzwUi wkíRvZ wewfbœ mvgMÖx, wkï-wK‡kvi‡ì †Ljbv, gwnjv‡ì mvR-m¾v BZ¨vw`| GQvov wPuov, gywo, ˆL, evZvmvmn bvbv iK‡gi wgwói êwPÎ¨gq mgv‡ivn _v‡K êkvLx †gjvq| MÖv‡gi gvby‡li wek¦vm, c‡njv êkv‡L fv‡jv †L‡j,

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bZzb †cvkK ci‡j mvivwU eQiB Zv‡ì my‡L KvU‡e| ZvB MÖv‡g c‡njv êkv‡L cvšÍv Lvq bv| hv‡ì mvg_©¨ Av‡Q Zviv bZzb †cvkK c‡i| evsjv bee‡l©i Av‡iKwU AvKl©Y nvjLvZv| MÖv‡g-M‡Ä-kn‡i eëmvqxiv bee‡l©i w`b Zv‡ì cyi‡bv wnmve-wbKvk †kl K‡i bZzb LvZv †Lv‡jb| G Dcj‡ÿ Zviv bZzb-cyi‡bv L‡Ïi‡ì Avgš¿Y Rvwb‡q wgwó LvIqvb| cªvPxbKvj †_‡K GL‡bv G AbyôvbwU †ek RuvKRgKfv‡e cvwjZ n‡q Avm‡Q| bee‡l©i cÖfve : Avgv‡ì Rxe‡b beel© Drm‡ei Av‡gR wb‡q Av‡m| bee‡l©i w`b QzwU _v‡K| cvwievwiKfv‡e we‡kl Lvev‡ii Av‡qvRb Kiv nq| eÜz-evÜe, AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb‡K wbgš¿Y Rvbv‡bv nq| me wKQz‡Z Avb‡›ì †Quvqv jv‡M| AvaywbK ixwZ Abyhvqx †QvU-eo mevB bee‡l©i ï‡f”Qv KvW© wewbgq K‡i| AZx‡Zi jvf-ÿwZ fz‡j wM‡q Gw`b mevB fwel¨‡Zi m¤¢vebvi ¯^cœ †ev‡b| beel© Avgv‡ì mvg‡bi w`‡K GwM‡q Pjvi †cÖiYv †hvMvq| ZvB Avgv‡ì Rxe‡b bee‡l©i cÖfve Mfxi I e¨vcK| bee‡l©i Zvrch© : evOvwji bee‡l©i Drme wbg©j Avb‡›ì Drmaviv| ag©-eY© wbwe©‡k‡l GwU AvR Avgv‡ì RvZxq Drme| bee‡l©i mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK Kg©Kv‡Ê Avgiv Avgv‡ì Rxebev`x I Kj¨vYag©x i~cwUB Luy‡R cvB| Avgv‡ì HwZn¨ I mvs¯‹…wZK †PZbv‡K cÖZ¨ÿ Kwi| Avgv‡ì beel© D`&hvc‡b Avb‡›ì we¯Ívi Av‡Q, wKšÍy KL‡bv Zv cwiwgZ‡eva‡K Qvwo‡q hvq bv| evsjv beel© ZvB evOvwji mviv eQ‡ii Avb‡›ì cmiv-evnK| Dcmsnvi : evsjv bee‡l©i cÖ_g w`bwU Av‡m m‡MŠi‡e Ñ wb‡R‡K wPwb‡q, mevB‡K Rvwb‡q| Avgv‡ì Rxe‡b be‡PZbvi mÂvi K‡i, cwieZ©‡bi GKUv evZ©v wb‡q Av‡m beel©| cyivZb‡K †S‡o †d‡j †m Avgv‡ì Rxe‡b bZzb nvjLvZvi cÖeZ©b K‡i| Avgv‡ì gvbweK g~j¨‡eva‡K RvMÖZ K‡i; RvZxq Rxe‡b ¯^Kxq †PZbv weKv‡k DØy× K‡i| gvby‡l gvby‡l M‡o †Zv‡j m¤cÖxwZi †Kvgj eÜb| ZvB evsjv beel© Avgv‡ì Rxe‡b GZ Avb›` I †MŠi‡ei|

5.3 weRq wèm m~Pbv : Avgv‡ì RvZxq Rxe‡b 16B wW‡m¤î me‡P‡q Avb›` I †MŠi‡ei GKwU w`b| 1971 mv‡j `xN© bq gvm i³ÿqx hy‡×i ci GB w`‡b Avgv‡ì wcÖq ¯^‡`k `Lj`vigy³ n‡qwQj| jv‡Lv knx‡ì i‡³i wewbg‡q Avgiv weRq AR©b K‡iwQjvg| c„w_exi gvbwP‡Î ¯^vaxb-mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`k jvf K‡iwQjvg| GB w`bwU ZvB Avgv‡ì RvZxq Rxe‡b me‡P‡q ¯§iYxq w`b| GwU Avgv‡ì ÔweRq wèmÕ| weRq wè‡mi BwZnvm : weRq gnvb, wKšÍy weR‡qi Rb¨ msMÖvg gnËi| cÖwZwU weR‡qi Rb¨ K‡Vvi msMÖvg cÖ‡qvRb| Avgv‡ì weRq wè‡mi gnvb AR©‡bi †cQ‡bI exi evOvwji my`xN© msMÖvg I AvZ¥`v‡bi

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BwZnvm i‡q‡Q| cvwK¯Ívb m„wói cÖvq cÖ_g †_‡KB evOvwj‡ì g‡b cwðgv †kvlY †_‡K gyw³jv‡fi B”Qvi RvMiY N‡U| RvwZi RbK e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ bvbv Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g Zv cÖej AvKvi aviY Ki‡Z _v‡K| Ae‡k‡l evOvwji ¯^vwaKvi †PZbv 1969 mv‡j MY-Afz¨Ìv‡b i~c jvf K‡i| evOvwji ¯^vwaKv‡ii b¨vh¨ `vwe‡K wPiZ‡i wbg~©j Kivi Rb¨ 1971 mv‡ji 25‡k gvP© iv‡Z cwðgv mvgwiK RvšÍvevwnbx evOvwj-wba‡bi wbôzi †Ljvq †g‡Z I‡V| e½eÜzi AvnŸv‡b evOvwjiv iy‡L ùvovq| M‡R© I‡V| N‡i N‡i `yM© M‡o †Zv‡j| K…lK-kªwgK, QvÎ-wkÿK, Wv³vi-BwÄwbqvi, wkíx-mvwnwZ¨K, bvix-cyiyl, wn›`y-gymjgvb-†eŠ×-wLªóvbÑ mevB‡K wb‡q MwVZ nq gyw³evwnbx| hvi hv Av‡Q ZvB wb‡q Suvwc‡q c‡o †`kgvZ…Kvi gyw³-msMÖv‡g| my`xN© bq gvm i³ÿqx gyw³hy× P‡j| cvwK¯Ívwb mvgwiK Rjøvìv G mgq MÖv‡g-M‡Ä-kn‡i-e›`‡i cvwLi g‡Zv ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v K‡i wbixn RbmvaviY‡K| Nievwo, †`vKvb-cvU jyU K‡i R¡vwj‡q †`q| gv-†evb‡ì Ici cvkweK wbh©vZb K‡i| cÖvY euvPv‡Z mnvqm¤^jnxb GK †KvwU gvbyl‡K Avkªq wb‡Z nq cÖwZ‡ekx †`k fvi‡Z| Zey evOvwj `‡g hvqwb| c„w_ex AevK ZvwK‡q †`‡L : mvevm evsjv‡`k! G c„w_ex AevK ZvwK‡q iq : R¡‡j-cy‡o-g‡i QviLvi Zey gv_v †bvqvevi bq| Ae‡k‡l cvwK¯Ívwb nvbv`vi evwnbx civRq ¯^xKvi K‡i †bq| 1971 mv‡ji 16B wW‡m¤î G‡`‡ki gyw³‡mbv I wgÎevwnbxi Kv‡Q AvZ¥mgc©Y K‡i| i³v³ msMÖv‡gi Aemvb N‡U| evsjv‡`k kÎygy³ nq| m~wPZ nq evsjv‡`‡ki gnvb weRq| weRq wè‡mi Zvrch© : 1971 mv‡ji 16B wW‡m¤î †MŠiegq weR‡qi gva¨‡g ¯^vaxb RvwZ wn‡m‡e evOvwji RqhvÎvi ïiy| GB w`‡b ¯^cwiP‡q Avgiv we‡k¦i ìev‡i gv_v Zz‡j ùvovevi my‡hvM cvB| GB w`bwUi Rb¨B mviv we‡k¦ evOvwj RvwZ I evsjv‡`‡ki gh©v`v AvR mycÖwZwôZ| 16B wW‡m¤î ZvB Avgv‡ì RvZxq wèm| cÖwZ eQi mwe‡kl gh©v`v wb‡q RvwZi Kv‡Q nvwRi nq weRq wèm| me Ab¨vqAZ¨vPvi, †kvlY-`ytkvm‡bi weiy‡× weRq wèm Avgv‡ì g‡b †cÖiYv m„wó K‡i| weRq wè‡mi Drme : 16B wW‡m¤î †fv‡i mvfv‡i Aew¯’Z RvZxq ¯§„wZ‡mŠ‡a cy®ú¯ÍeK Ac©‡Yi g‡a¨ w`‡q wèmwUi ïf m~Pbv nq| evsjv‡`‡ki Avcvgi RbmvaviY gnvmgv‡iv‡n weRq wèm cvjb K‡i| 15B wW‡m¤î ivZ †_‡KB weRq wèm D`&hvc‡bi cÖ¯‘wZ P‡j| †`‡ki mg¯Í ¯‹zj-K‡jR, Ni-evwo, †`vKvbcvU, wi·v-Mvwo BZ¨vw`‡Z †kvfv cvq jvj-meyR cZvKv| ¯‹zj-K‡jR wKsev iv¯Ívq iv¯Ívq Av‡qvRb Kiv nq mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôv‡bi| ¯^vaxbZvi Avb‡›` me †kªwYi gvbyl †hvM †`q Gme Abyôv‡b| †Kv_vI †Kv_vI e‡m weRq †gjv| miKvwifv‡e Gw`bwU †ek RuvKRgKfv‡e cvjb Kiv nq| XvKvi

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5.6 Avgvi †Q‡j‡ejv Avgiv wZbwU evjK GKm‡½ gvbyl nB‡ZwQjvg| Avgvi m½x`ywU Avgvi †P‡q `yB eQ‡ii eo| Zuvnviv hLb ¸iygnvk‡qi Kv‡Q cov Avi¤¢ Kwi‡jb AvgviI wkÿv †mB mg‡q ïiy nBj, wKšÍy †m-K_v Avgvi g‡bI bvB| †Kej g‡b c‡o, ÔRj c‡o cvZ b‡o|Õ ZLb ÔKi LjÕ cÖf…wZ evbv‡bi Zzdvb KvUvBqv m‡egvÎ K‚j cvBqvwQ| †mw`b cwo‡ZwQ, ÔRj c‡o cvZv b‡o|Õ Avgvi Rxe‡b GB‡UB Avw`Kwei cÖ_g KweZv| †mw`‡bi Avb›` AvRI hLb g‡b c‡o ZLb eywS‡Z cvwi, KweZvi g‡a¨ wgj wRwbmUvi GZ cÖ‡qvRb †Kb| wgj Av‡Q ewjqvB K_vUv †kl nBqvI †kl nq bvÑ Zvnvi e³e¨ hLb dzivq ZL‡bv Zvnvi SsKviUv dzivq bv, wgjUv‡K jBqv Kv‡bi m‡½ g‡bi m‡½ †Ljv Pwj‡Z _v‡K| Ggwb Kwiqv wdwiqv †mw`b Avgvi mg¯Í ˆPZ‡bï g‡a¨ Rj cwi‡Z I cvZv bwo‡Z jvwMj| GB wkïKv‡ji Avi-GKUv K_v g‡bi g‡a¨ euvav cwoqv †M‡Q| Avgv‡ì GKwU A‡bK Kv‡ji LvRvwÂ wQj, ˆKjvm gyLy‡R¨ Zvnvi bvg| †m Avgv‡ì N‡ii AvZ¥x‡qiB g‡Zv| †jvKwU fvwi iwmK| mK‡ji m‡½B Zvnvi nvwm-Zvgvkv| evwo‡Z b~ZbmgvMZ RvgvZvw`M‡K †m we`ªy‡c †KŠZz‡K wecbœ Kwiqv ZzwjZ| †mB ˆKjvm gyLy‡R¨ Avgvi wkïKv‡j AwZ `ªyZ‡e‡M g¯Í GKUv Qovi g‡Zv ewjqv Avgvi g‡bviÄb KwiZ| †mB QovUvi cÖavb bvqK wQjvg Avwg Ges Zvnvi g‡a¨ GKwU fvex bvwqKvi wbtmskq mgvM‡gi Avkv AwZkq D¾¡jfv‡e ewY©Z wQj| GB †h fzeb‡gvwnbx ea~wU fweZe¨Zvi †Kvj Av‡jv Kwiqv weivR Kwi‡ZwQj, Qov ïwb‡Z ïwb‡Z Zvnvi wPÎwU‡Z gb fvwi DrmM© nBqv DwVZ| Avcv`g¯ÍK Zvnvi †h eûg~j¨ AjsKv‡ii ZvwjKv cvIqv wMqvwQj Ges wgj‡bvrm‡ei †h Af‚Zc~e© mgv‡iv‡ni eY©bv kybv hvBZ, Zvnv‡Z A‡bK cÖexYeq¯‹ mywe‡ePK e¨w³i gb PÂj nB‡Z cvwiZÑ wKšÍy, evj‡Ki gb †h gvwZqv DwVZ Ges †Pv‡Li mvg‡b bvbve‡Y© wewPÎ Avðh©-myL”Qwe †`wL‡Z cvBZ, Zvnvi g~j KviY wQj †mB `ªyZD”PvwiZ AbM©j kã”QUv Ges Q‡›ì †`vjv| wkïKv‡ji mvwnZïm‡fv‡Mi GB `y‡Uv ¯§„wZ GL‡bv RvwMqv Av‡Q; Avi g‡b c‡o Ôe„wó c‡o Uvcyi Uzcyi, b‡`q Gj evb|Õ IB QovUv †h ˆkk‡ei †gN`~Z| Zvnvi c‡i †h-K_vUv g‡b cwo‡Z‡Q Zvnv ¯‹z‡j hvIqvi m~Pbv| GKw`b †`wLjvg, `v`v Ges Avgvi e‡qv‡R¨ô fvwM‡bq mZ¨ ¯‹z‡j †M‡jb, wKšÍy Avwg ¯‹z‡j hvBevi †hvM¨ ewjqv MY¨ nBjvg bv| D‰”Pt¯^‡i Kvbœv Qvov †hvM¨Zv cÖPvi Kivi Avi-†Kv‡bv Dcvq Avgvi nv‡Z wQj bv| Bnvi c~‡e© †Kv‡bvw`b MvwoI Pwo bvB evwoi evwniI nB bvB, ZvB mZ¨ hLb ¯‹zj-c‡_i ågYe„ËvšÍwU‡K AwZk‡qvw³-AjsKv‡i cÖZ¨nB AZz¨¾¡j Kwiqv Zzwj‡Z jvwMj ZLb N‡i Avi gb wKQz‡ZB wUwK‡Z Pvwnj bv| whwb Avgv‡ì wkÿK wQ‡jb wZwb Avgvi †gvn webvk Kwievi Rb¨ cÖej P‡cUvNvZmn GB mviMf© K_vwU ewjqvwQ‡jb, ÒGLb ¯‹z‡j hvevi Rb¨ †hgb Kuvw`‡ZQ, bv hvevi Rb¨ Bnvi †P‡q A‡bK †ewk Kuvw`‡Z nB‡e|Ó †mB wkÿ‡Ki

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bvgavg AvK…wZcÖK…wZ Avgvi wKQzB g‡b bvB| wKšÍy †mB ¸iyevK¨ I ¸iyZi P‡cUvNvZ ¯úó g‡b RvwM‡Z‡Q| GZe‡ov Ae¨_© fwel¨`&evYx Rxe‡b Avi-†Kvbw`b KY©‡MvPi nq bvB| Kvbœvi †Rv‡i Iwi‡q›Uvj †mwgbvwi‡Z AKv‡j fiwZ nBjvg| †mLv‡b Kx wkÿvjvf Kwijvg g‡b bvB wKšÍy GKUv kvmbcÖYvjxi K_v g‡b Av‡Q| cov ewj‡Z bv cvwi‡j †Q‡j‡K †e‡Â ùvo KivBqv Zvnvi `yB cÖmvwiZ nv‡Zi Dci K¬v‡mi A‡bK¸wj †møU GKÎ Kwiqv PvcvBqv †Ìqv nBZ| Gi~‡c aviYvkw³i Af¨vm evwni nB‡Z AšÍ‡i mÂvwiZ nB‡Z cv‡i wK bv Zvnv gb¯ÍË¡we`&w`‡Mi Av‡jvP¨| Ggwb Kwiqv wbZvšÍ wkkyeq‡mB Avgvi cov Avi¤¢ nBj| PvKi‡ì gn‡j †h-mKj eB cÖPwjZ wQj Zvnv jBqvB Avgvi mvwnZ¨PP©vi m~ÎcvZ nq| Zvnvi g‡a¨ PvYK¨‡køv‡Ki evsjv Abyev` I K…wËevmivgvqYB cÖavb| †mB ivgvqY covi GKUv w`‡bi Qwe g‡b ¯úó RvwM‡Z‡Q| †mw`b †gNjv Kwiqv‡Q; evwnievwo‡Z iv¯Ívi av‡ii j¤^v eviv›`vUv‡Z †Lwj‡ZwQ| g‡b bvB, mZ¨ Kx Kvi‡Y Avgv‡K fq †`LvBevi Rb¨ nVvr Ôcywjkg¨vbÕ Ôcywjkg¨vbÕ Kwiqv WvwK‡Z jvwMj| cywjkg¨v‡bi KZ©e¨ m¤^‡Ü AZ¨šÍ †gvUvgywU iK‡gi GKUv aiYv Avgvi wQj| Avwg RvwbZvg GKUv †jvK‡K Acivax ewjqv Zvnv‡ì nv‡Z wèvgvÎB, Kzwgi †hgb LuvR-KvUv ùv‡Zi g‡a¨ wkKvi‡K we× Kwiqv R‡ji Z‡j A`„k¨ nBqv hvq, †Zgb Kwiqv nZfvM¨‡K Pvwcqv awiqv AZj¯úk© _vbvi g‡a¨ AšÍwn©Z nIqvB cywjkKg©Pvixi ¯^vfvweK ag©| Gi~c wbg©g kvmbwewa nB‡Z wbiciva evj‡Ki cwiÎvY †Kv_vq, Zvnv fvweqv bv cvBqv G‡Kev‡i AšÍtcy‡i †`Šo w`jvg; cðv‡Z Zvnviv AbymiY Kwi‡Z‡Q GB AÜfq Avgvi mg¯Í c„ô‡`k‡K KzwÉZ Kwiqv Zzwjj| gv‡K wMqv Avgvi Avmbœ wec‡ì msev` RvbvBjvg; Zvnv‡Z Zuvnvi we‡kl DrKÉvi jÿY cÖKvk cvBj bv| wKšÍy, Avwg evwn‡i hvIqv wbivc` †eva Kwijvg bv| w`w`gv, Avgvi gvZvi †Kv‡bv GK m¤ú‡K© Lywo, †h K…wËev‡mi ivgvqY cwo‡Zb †mB gv‡e©jKvMR-gwÊZ †KvY‡Quov-gjvU-Iqvjv gwjb eBLvwb †Kv‡j jBqv gv‡qi N‡ii Øv‡ii Kv‡Q cwo‡Z ewmqv †Mjvg| m¤§y‡L AšÍtcy‡ii AvwObv †Nwiqv †PŠ‡Kvb eviv›`v; †mB eviv›`vq †gNv”Qbœ AvKvk nB‡Z Aciv‡nèi ¤øvb Av‡jv Avwmqv cwoqv‡Q| ivgvq‡Yi †Kv‡bv-GKUv KiyY eY©bvq Avgvi †PvL w`qv Rj cwo‡Z‡Q †`wLqv, w`w`gv †Rvi Kwiqv Avgvi nvZ nB‡Z eBUv Kvwoqv jBqv †M‡jb| (-iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi)

5.7 evsjv‡`‡ki K…lK m~Pbv : evsjv‡`k K…wlcÖavb †`k| G‡`‡ki kZKiv cÖvq 50 fvM †jvK K…lK| K…l‡Ki AK¬všÍ cwikª‡g G †`k f‡i I‡V dm‡ji mgv‡iv‡n| Avgiv cvB ¶zavi Avnvi| K…l‡Ki Drcvw`Z dmj we‡`‡k idZvwb K‡i †`‡ki A_©bxwZ mg„× nq| ej‡Z †M‡j, K…lKB Avgv‡`i RvZxq Dbœq‡bi PvweKvwV; Avgv‡`i RvwZi cÖvY| Kwei fvlvq :

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me mva‡Ki eo mvaK Avgvi †`‡ki Pvlv, †`k gvZviB gyw³Kvgx, †`‡ki †m †h Avkv| K…l‡Ki AZxZ BwZnvm : cÖvPxbKv‡j G †`‡k RbmsL¨v wQj Kg, Rwg wQj †ewk| De©iv Rwg‡Z cÖPzi dmj n‡Zv| ZLb kZKiv 85 RbB wQj K…lK| Zv‡ì †Mvjv fiv avb, †Mvqvj fiv Miy Avi cyKzi fiv _vKZ gv‡Q| Zv‡ì Rxeb wQj myLx I mg„×| Zvici G‡jv eM©xi AZ¨vPvi, wdwiw½-cZz©wMR Rj`my¨‡ì wbh©vZb, Bs‡iR‡ì LvRbv Av`v‡qi m~h©v¯Í AvBb, †kvlY I wbcxob| G‡jv gš^šÍi, gnvgvix| MÖvgevsjv DRvo n‡jv| K…lK wbt¯^ n‡q †Mj| m¤ú`kvjx K…lK cwiYZ n‡jv f‚wgnxb Pvwl‡Z| `vwi`ª¨ Zv‡K †KvYVvmv Kij| K…l‡Ki Rxeb n‡q DVj †e`bv`vqK| Kwe¸iy iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii fvlvq : ¯‹‡Ü hZ Zvi Pv‡c fvi ewn P‡j g›`MwZ hZÿY _v‡K cÖvY Zvi Zvici mšÍv‡b‡i w`‡q hvq esk esk awi ... ïay `ywU Abœ LuywU †Kvb g‡Z Kó-wK¬ócÖvY †i‡L †`q euvPvBqv| Gfv‡eB GKKv‡ji myLx I mg„× K…l‡Ki †MŠiegq Rxeb-BwZnvm AÜKv‡i nvwi‡q hvq| eZ©gvb Ae¯’v : evsjvi ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡mi A‡bK cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxbZv jvf K‡i‡Q| wKšÍy evOvwj K…l‡Ki DØv¯‘, Amnvq I welYœ Rxe‡bi †Kv‡bv i~cvšÍi N‡Uwb| evsjvi K…lK Av‡Rv wkÿvnxb, e¯¿nxb, wPwKrmvnxb Rxeb-hvcb Ki‡Q| †`‡ki RbmsL¨v †e‡o‡Q, K‡g‡Q K…wl Rwgi cwigvY| Rwgi De©iZvI †M‡Q K‡g| d‡j evowZ gvby‡li Lv`¨ †hvMv‡bvi kw³ nvwi‡q‡Q G †`‡ki K…lK| c„w_ex Ry‡o Pvlvev` c×wZi cwieZ©b N‡U‡Q| êÁvwbK c×wZ‡Z DbœZ †`k K…l‡Ki kw³ e„w× Ki‡Q| wKšÍy G †`‡k GL‡bv gvÜvZvi Avg‡ji Pvlvev` eë¯’v envj Av‡Q| evsjvi K…lKI †fuvZv jvOj Avi Kj¼vjmvi `y‡Uv ej‡ì †cQ‡b Nyi‡Z Nyi‡Z wbt¯^ n‡q hv‡”Q| G Qvov Abve„wó, AwZe„wó, eb¨v, cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM - †Kv‡bv wKQzB †gvKv‡ejv Kivi †KŠkj I mvg_©¨ K…l‡Ki †bB| Z‡e ax‡i ax‡i GB Ae¯’vi cwieZ©b NU‡Q| K…wl‡Z AvaywbK cÖhyw³ I DbœZ c×wZ cÖ‡qv‡Mi ¸iyZ¡ evo‡Q| m¤cÖwZ e¨vsK, mgevq mwgwZ ev gnvR‡bi F‡Yi UvKvq Avi D”P djbkxj ex‡Ri mvnv‡h¨ K…wl‡Z djb †e‡o‡Q| wKšÍy †ÿ‡Zi dmj K…l‡Ki N‡i IVvi Av‡MB e¨vsK, mgevq cÖwZôvb wKsev gnvR‡bi FY cwi‡kva Ki‡Z nq| ZvB K…l‡Ki myL-¯^cœ AaivB †_‡K hvq| K…wl evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi cÖavb Aej¤^b n‡jI K…l‡Ki †kvPbxq Ae¯’vi cwieZ©b nq bv| GL‡bv Zviv bvbv †ivM-†kvK, Awkÿv-Kzwkÿv, `vwi`ª¨ I Kzms¯‹v‡ii weiy‡× jovB Ki‡Q| K…l‡Ki Dbœqb : evsjv‡`k K…wlwbf©i †`k| †`kxq A_©bxwZ‡Z K…wli Ae`vbI h‡_ó Zvrch©c~Y©| ZvB †`‡ki Dbœq‡bi ¯^v‡_© K…l‡Ki Dbœqb mvab Kiv ìKvi| evsjvi K…l‡Ki fv‡M¨vbœq‡bi Rb¨ AvR me‡P‡q †ewk ìKvi Pvlvev‡` êÁvwbK c×wZi cÖeZ©b| wb‡Ri Rwg‡Z K…lK †hb ¯^íg~‡j¨ DbœZ

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exR, ivmvqwbK mvi I KxUbvkK cvq Zvi eë¯’v Kiv| cÖ‡qvR‡b K…lK‡K my`gy³ FY cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e| Avevi K…lK Zvi dm‡ji †hb b¨vh¨ `vg cvq †mw`‡KI †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e| Avgv‡ì †`‡ki AwaKvsk K…lKB AwkwÿZ| Zv‡ì wkwÿZ K‡i Zzj‡Z n‡e| AvaywbK K…wl-hš¿cvwZ eënvi Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡K cÖwkÿY w`‡Z n‡e| mviv eQi K…l‡Ki KvR _v‡K bv| ZvB Zvi Aemi mgqUzKz A_©c~Y© Kivi Rb¨ KzwUiwkí m¤ú‡K© Zv‡K AvMÖnx K‡i Zzj‡Z n‡e| †mB m‡½ K…l‡Ki wPËwe‡bv`b I †ivM-e¨vwai wPwKrmviI mye‡›`ve¯Í Ki‡Z n‡e| Dcmsnvi : evsjvi K…lKivB evOvwj RvwZi †giy`Ê| evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZi cÖvYkw³ Zviv| ZeyI K…lKiv eûKvj a‡i Ae‡nwjZ| we‡kl K‡i Zv‡ì mvgvwRK gh©v`v GL‡bv wbgœgv‡bi| G wel‡q Avgv‡ì mK‡ji m‡PZb `„wó †Ìqv cÖ‡qvRb| K…lK I K…wl‡K ¸iyZ¡ w`‡jB Avgv‡ì A_©bxwZi PvKv mPj _vK‡e| †`‡ki `vwi`ª¨ `~i n‡e| evsjvi N‡i N‡i dz‡U DV‡e ¯^v”Q‡›`ï Qwe| ejv hvq, K…l‡Ki AvZ¥vi †fZiB jywK‡q Av‡Q Avgv‡ì mg„w× I cÖvPz‡h©i exR|

5.8 ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b weÁvb m~Pbv : eZ©gvb hyM weÁv‡bi hyM| AvR weÁvb Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q wbk¦vm-cÖk¦v‡mi g‡ZvB Acwinvh©| Avgv‡ì ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b GKUv gyn~Z©I weÁv‡bi mvnvh¨ Qvov Avgiv Pj‡Z cvwi bv| GLb †h-†Kv‡bv ai‡bi RxebhvÎvq Af¨¯Í gvbylB weÁv‡bi Dci wbf©ikxj| mKv‡j Nyg †_‡K D‡V iv‡Z Nygv‡Z hvIqv ch©šÍ hveZxq KvRK‡g©i g‡a¨ weÁv‡bi Ae`vb jÿYxq| ejv hvq, GLb weÁvbB gvby‡li cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡bi wbqš¿K| ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b weÁvb : weÁvb‡K ev` w`‡q gvby‡li GKwU gyn~Z©I Kíbv Kiv hvq bv| GLb cÖwZ gyn~‡Z©, cÖwZ c`‡ÿ‡c mf¨-gvbyl weÁv‡bi mvnvh¨ wb‡q Rxeb-aviY Ki‡Q| GB †h e‡m wjLwQ Ñ nv‡Zi Kjg I Kvwj, †jLvi KvMR, GgbwK emvi RvqMvwU‡Z ch©šÍ weÁv‡bi cÖfve i‡q‡Q| Avgv‡ì c‡_Nv‡U, Awdm-Av`vj‡Z, ¯‹zj-K‡j‡R me RvqMvqB weÁv‡bi Ae`vb Amxg| ïay ZvB bq, Avgv‡ì Abœ, e¯¿, evm¯’v‡bi GB cÖv_wgK cÖ‡qvRbUzKzI weÁvb Øviv wbqwš¿Z| Avgv‡ì ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi cÖvq cÖwZwU Kv‡RB Avgiv weÁv‡bi Dci wbf©ikxj| kû‡i Rxe‡b weÁvb : kû‡i Rxe‡b gvbyl Avi weÁvb A½vw½fv‡e RwoZ| kn‡i Avgv‡ì Nyg fv‡O Gjvg©Nwoi k‡ã| Nyg †_‡K D‡V w`‡bi ïiy Kwi Uz_‡c÷ Avi Uz_eªvk w`‡q| Gici Av‡Q msev`cÎ| Zvici M¨vm A_ev wnUvi wKsev †÷v‡f ZvovZvwo ivbœv K‡i LvB| wi·v, A‡Uvwi·v, evm, †Uªb ev †gvUimvB‡K‡j P‡o Kg©¯’‡j †cuŠQvB| wmuwoi e`‡j wjd‡U D‡V AwdmK‡ÿ hvB| †Uwj‡dvb, †UwjMÖvg, d¨v·, B-†gBj, B›Uvi‡bU BZ¨vwì mvnv‡h¨ `~i-`~iv‡šÍ Lei cvVvB| Kw¤úDUv‡i Kv‡Ri welq wj‡L

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ivwL| K¬všÍ †`nUv‡K Avivg †Ìqvi Rb¨ Gwm wKsev B‡jKwUªK cvLvi wb‡P ewm Ñ GB fv‡eB mvivw`b weÁv‡bi mvnv‡h¨ Avgiv Rxeb Pvwj‡q wb‡q hvw”Q| Avevi mÜ¨vq evwo wd‡i w`‡bi AembœZv `~i Ki‡Z wgDwRK †cøqvi wKsev wUwf Pvwj‡q gbUv‡K m‡ZR ivL‡Z †Póv Kwi| †Q‡j-†g‡qiv Kw¤úDUv‡i Zv‡ì †bvU iv‡L; KL‡bv KL‡bv wfwWI †Mgm& †L‡j| Ggwbfv‡e Rxe‡bi cÖwZ c`‡ÿ‡cB weÁv‡bi Ae`vb Abyfe Kwi| MÖvgxY Rxe‡b weÁvb : †hvMv‡hvM I hvZvqv‡Zi †ÿ‡Î weÁv‡bi we¯§qKi Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ gvbyl AvR `~i‡K K‡i‡Q wbKU cÖwZ‡ekx| evm, wi·v, f¨vb, mvB‡Kj, †gvUimvB‡Kj meB GLb MÖvgxY Rxe‡bi Ask| d‡j weÁvb kniRxeb‡K AwZµg K‡i †cuŠ‡Q †M‡Q MÖv‡g| eZ©gv‡b MÖvg¨ Rxe‡bI weÁv‡bi Dci wbf©iZv †e‡oB P‡j‡Q| Uz_‡c÷, Uz_eªvk, wUwf, †iwWI, †gvevBj †dvb, UP©, †mœv, mvevb, cvDWvi, Avqbv-wPiywb, ivmvqwbK mvi, KxUbvkK `ªe¨, Uªv±i BZ¨vw` GLb MÖvgxY gvby‡li ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi m‡½ wg‡k †M‡Q| kn‡ii gvbyl †hgb wb‡R‡ì RxebhvÎv‡K mnR Ki‡Z weÁvb‡K wbZ¨m½x K‡i‡Q, †Zgwb MÖv‡gi ga¨weË I D”PweË gvby‡li Rxe‡bI B‡jKwUªK wnUvi, ivbœvi M¨vm, †cÖmvi KzKvi, wd«R, Iqvwks †gwkb BZ¨vw` Acwinvh© n‡q D‡V‡Q| ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b weÁv‡bi cÖfv‡ei AcKvwiZv : ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b weÁv‡bi Dci AwZgvÎvq wbf©iZv gvby‡li A‡bK ÿwZ K‡i‡Q| h‡š¿i Dci AwZwi³ wbf©i Ki‡Z wM‡q gvbyl cwikªg-wegyL n‡q DV‡Q| gvbwmK cwikª‡gi Zzjbvq kvixwiK cwikªg Kg Ki‡Q| d‡j bvbv RwUj †iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡”Q| gvbwmK fvimvg¨ bó n‡”Q| me‡P‡q eo K_v, gvby‡li Rxe‡b K…wÎgZv Nbxf~Z n‡”Q| gvby‡li †mœn, gvqv, ggZvi g‡Zv m˜¸Y¸‡jv nvwi‡q hv‡”Q| gvby‡l gvby‡l we‡f` evo‡Q| weÁvb-wbf©i hš¿kw³i Dci AÜ Av¯’v ¯’vcb Ki‡Z wM‡q gvbyl hvwš¿K n‡q DV‡Q| Dcmsnvi : Avgv‡ì ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi bvbv cÖ‡qvRbxq e¯‘ AvR G‡Kev‡i nv‡Zi gy‡Vvq G‡b w`‡q‡Q weÁvb| mKvj †_‡K mÜ¨v, Avevi mÜ¨v †_‡K mKvj ch©šÍ hv wKQz Avgv‡ì cÖ‡qvRbxq Zvi meB weÁv‡bi Ae`vb| weÁvb AvR Avgv‡ì wbZ¨ mnPi| weÁvb Avgv‡ì Rxeb-hvcb‡K K‡i‡Q mnRmij| Z‡e ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b weÁv‡bi cÖfve ïay †h Kj¨vY Ki‡Q Zv bq, A‡bK ÿwZI Ki‡Q| ZvB weÁv‡bi Aceënvi bv K‡i Avgv‡ì Av‡iv m‡PZb n‡Z n‡e|

5.9 QvÎRxe‡bi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ f~wgKv : gvbeRxe‡bi me‡P‡q ¸iyZ¡c~Y© mgq n‡”Q QvÎRxeb| G mgq †hfv‡e wb‡R‡K M‡o †Zvjv nq, mviv Rxeb †m iKg dj cvIqv hvq| QvÎRxeb‡K ejv nq cÖ¯‘wZi Rxeb| Ávb-weÁv‡bi iv‡R¨ wePiY K‡i wb‡R‡K †hvM¨ wn‡m‡e M‡o Zzj‡Z nq GB QvÎRxe‡bB| myZivs e„nËi Rxe‡bi cUf~wg‡Z QvÎRxe‡bi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ A‡bK|

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QvÎRxeb : Kwe m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë e‡j‡Qb : wek¦‡Rvov cvVkvjv †gvi mevi Avwg QvÎ, bvbvfv‡e bZzb wRwbm wkLwQ wèvivÎ| gvbyl mviv Rxeb wKQz bv wKQz †k‡L| ZvB e„nËi A‡_© gvby‡li †MvUv RxebUvB QvÎRxeb| wKšÍy QvÎRxeb ej‡Z Avgiv eywS, ¯‹zj, K‡jR I wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖvwZôvwbK wkÿvRxeb‡K| Rxeb MV‡bi Rb¨ gvbyl‡K GKwU we‡kl mg‡q AvbyôvwbK wkÿv MÖnY Ki‡Z nq| g~jZ wkÿv cÖwZôv‡b Aa¨q‡bi GB mgqUzKzB gvby‡li QvÎRxeb| QvÎRxe‡bi jÿ¨ : ÔQvÎbs Aa¨qbs ZctÕ Ñ Aa¨qbB n‡”Q QvÎ‡ì GKgvÎ Zcm¨v| QvÎRxe‡bi cÖ_g I cÖavb jÿ¨ n‡jv Aa¨qb I Ávb AR©b| QvÎ-QvÎx‡ì K‡Vvi cwikªg I Zcm¨vi gva¨‡g Ávb AR©‡b AvZ¥wb‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| fwel¨‡Z †`k I RvwZ‡K myôzfv‡e cwiPvjbv Kivi ¸iy`vwqZ¡ Zv‡ì IciB Awc©Z n‡e| †m ¸iy`vwqZ¡ enb Kivi Rb¨ QvÎx‡ì Dchy³ wkÿvq wkwÿZ n‡Z n‡e| QvÎRxe‡bi KZ©e¨ : ÁvbvR©‡b AvZ¥wb‡qvMB GKRb Qv‡Îi cÖavb KZ©e¨| GRb¨ GKRb wkÿv_©x‡K cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki evB‡i Av‡iv A‡bK †ewk cov‡kvbv Ki‡Z nq| Avi Gfv‡eB cÖK…Z ÁvbvR©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv‡K gvbe-Pwi‡Îi bvbvwea mr-¸YvewjI AR©b Ki‡Z nq| †hgb : 1. PwiÎMVb : ÒPwiÎ n‡”Q gvbeRxe‡bi gyKzU ¯î~c|Ó QvÎ‡ì GKwU cÖavb KvR n‡jv PwiÎ MVb| ZvB G mgq cÖ‡Z¨K Qv‡ÎiB mZëvw`Zv, mnvbyf~wZ, mn‡hvwMZv, c‡ivcKvi, D`viZv, âh©, mshg, †`k‡cÖg cÖf…wZ m`&¸Y AvqË Ki‡Z n‡e| me iKg Am`&¸Y I e`-Af¨vm †_‡K `~‡i _vKvI GKRb Qv‡Îi Ab¨Zg KZ©e¨| 2. wbqgvbyewZ©Zv : k„•Ljv Qvov gvbeRxeb my›ìfv‡e M‡o DV‡Z cv‡i bv| GB k„•Ljv ev wbqgvbyewZ©Zv QvÎRxe‡bB AR©b Ki‡Z nq| G ¸Y AR©‡bi Ici Zvi fwel¨‡Zi mvdj¨ wbf©i K‡i| 3. mgqvbyewZ©Zv : mgqwbôv GKwU eo ¸Y| †h gvbyl mg‡qi g~j¨ w`‡Z Rv‡b bv, †m Rxe‡b DbœwZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB QvÎRxeb †_‡KB mgqwbôvi Af¨vm Ki‡Z n‡e, mg‡qi g~j¨ w`‡Z n‡e| 4. Aaëmvq : QvÎ‡ì AjmZv Z¨vM K‡i cwikªgx n‡Z n‡e| †`Lv hvq A‡bK †gavex QvÎI AjmZvi Kvi‡Y cixÿvq fv‡jv djvdj Ki‡Z e¨_© nq| Avevi A‡bK Kg †gavi QvÎ ïay Aaëmvq I cwikªg Øviv AvkvZxZ mvdj¨ AR©b K‡i PgK m„wó K‡i| ZvB QvÎRxe‡b Aaëmv‡qi ¸iyZ¡ Acwimxg| 5. †Ljvayjv I e¨vqvg : ¯^v¯’¨B mKj my‡Li g~j| Avi my¯’ kix‡i evm K‡i my¯’ gb| kixi my¯’ bv _vK‡j wbqwgZ †jLvcov nq bv| ZvB kvixwiK I gvbwmK my¯’Zvi Rb¨ QvÎ‡ì wbqwgZ †Ljvayjv I e¨vqvgPP©v Kiv Lye Riywi|

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6. mn-wkÿv Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖnY : QvÎ‡ì †jLvcovi cvkvcvwk Ab¨vb¨ mn-wkÿv Kvh©µ‡gI AskMÖnY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| weZK© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv, Dcw¯’Z e³…Zv, Ave„wË, wPÎv¼b, Mvb, bvP, Awfbq BZ¨vw`‡ZI Zv‡K Ask wb‡Z n‡e| QvÎRxe‡bi `vwqZ¡ : QvÎRxe‡bi `vwq‡Z¡i `ywU w`K i‡q‡Q| GKwU n‡”Q wb‡Ri Rxeb‡K †hvM¨ K‡i M‡o †Zvjv, AciwU n‡”Q †`k I RvwZi Rb¨ wb‡R‡K cÖ¯‘Z Kiv| wb‡R‡K †hvM¨ K‡i †Zvjvi `vwqZ¡ h_vh_fv‡e cvjb Ki‡Z cvi‡jB e¨w³ I RvwZ Df‡qiB Kj¨vY nq| QvÎiv †`k I RvwZi fwel¨r KY©avi, Avkv-AvKv•¶vi cÖZxK; wkÿv I ms¯‹…wZi aviK I evnK| ZvB †`‡ki RvZxq Dbœq‡b m‡PZb bvMwiK wn‡m‡e QvÎ‡ì `vwqZ¡ me‡P‡q †ewk| AZx‡Z RvwZi msKUKv‡j QvÎmgvRB AMÖeZ©x wPšÍvi cw_K…r n‡q GwM‡q G‡m‡Q| gyw³hy‡× QvÎmgv‡Ri AskMÖnY wQj LyeB D‡jøL‡hvM¨| fwel¨‡ZI RvwZi msK‡U-mgm¨vq Suvwc‡q c‡o †`k I RvwZ‡K iÿv Kivi Kv‡R QvÎmgvR‡KB `vwqZ¡ wb‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K QvÎ‡KB gvZvwcZvi cÖwZ kª×v, fvB-†evb, AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb‡ì cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv, cvov-cÖwZ‡ekx‡ì cÖwZ †mŠRb¨ cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e| mncvVx‡ì m‡½ eÜzZ¡c~Y© m¤úK© ivL‡Z n‡e| wkÿK I ¸iyRb‡ì m¤§vb Ki‡Z n‡e| ag©-eY© wbwe©‡k‡l mevi m‡½ cÖxwZ I HK¨ eRvq ivL‡Z n‡e| Dcmsnvi : gvby‡li fwel¨r Rxe‡bi wfwË MwVZ nq QvÎRxe‡b| Avevi †`k I RvwZi fwel¨r wbf©i K‡i QvÎ‡ì Ici| ZvB QvÎRxe‡bi KZ©e¨ I `vwqZ¡ wVKfv‡e Dcjwä K‡i Zv h_vh_fv‡e cvjb Kiv cÖwZwU Qv‡ÎiB DwPZ| G‡Z †`k I RvwZi Kj¨vY Ges DbœwZ mvab nq|

5.10 kª‡gi gh©v`v m~Pbv : Kg©B Rxeb| m„wói mg¯Í cÖvYx‡KB wbR wbR Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g †eu‡P _vK‡Z nq| †QvÆ wcuc‡o †_‡K wekvj nvwZ ch©šÍ mevB‡KB cwikªg Ki‡Z nq| cwikªg ØvivB gvbyl Ab¨vb¨ cÖvYx †_‡K wb‡R‡K Avjv`v K‡i‡Q| cwikª‡gi gva¨‡gB gvbyl wb‡Ri fvM¨ e`‡j‡Q| Ges eû eQ‡ii kªg I mvabv Øviv c„w_ex‡K my›`i I mg„× K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| ejv hvq, gvbyl I mf¨Zvi hveZxq AMÖMwZi g~‡j i‡q‡Q cwikª‡gi Ae`vb| kªg Kx : kª‡gi AvwfavwbK A_© n‡”Q †gnbZ, ˆ`wnK LvUzwb| mvaviYZ †h-†Kv‡bv KvRB n‡jv kªg| cwikªg n‡”Q G c„w_ex‡Z †eu‡P _vKvi msMÖv‡gi cÖavb nvwZqvi| cwikª‡gi ØvivB M‡o D‡V‡Q wek¦ I gvbe-mf¨Zvi weRq-¯Í¤¢| kª‡gi †kªwYwefvM : kªg `yB cÖKvi : gvbwmK kªg I kvixwiK kªg| wkÿK, Wv³vi, ˆeÁvwbK, mvsevw`K, Awd‡mi Kg©Pvix †kªwYi gvbyl †h ai‡bi kªg w`‡q _v‡Kb †mwU‡K e‡j gvbwmK kªg| Avevi K…lK,

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kªwgK, ZuvwZ, †R‡j, gRyi †kªwYi gvby‡li kªg n‡”Q kvixwiK kªg| †ckv ev Kv‡Ri aib Abymv‡i GK GK †kªwYi gvby‡li cwikªg GK GK ai‡bi nq| Z‡e kªg kvixwiK ev gvbwmK hv-B †nvK bv †Kb Df‡qi wgwjZ cwikª‡gB M‡o D‡V‡Q gvbe-mf¨Zv| kª‡gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv : gvbyl wb‡RB wb‡Ri fvM¨weavZv| Zvi GB fvM¨‡K wbg©vY Ki‡Z nq K‡Vvi cwikª‡gi gva¨‡g| ZvB gvbeRxe‡b cwikª‡gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Acwimxg| Kg©wegyL Ajm gvbyl †Kv‡bvw`b DbœwZ jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| cwikªg Qvov Rxe‡bi DbœwZ KíbvgvÎ| Rxe‡b AvZ¥cÖwZôv jvf Ki‡Z n‡j wbijm cwikªg ìKvi| c„w_ex‡Z †h RvwZ hZ †ewk cwikªgx, †m RvwZ ZZ †ewk DbœZ| ZvB e¨w³MZ I RvZxq ch©v‡q cÖwZwôZ n‡Z n‡j gvbyl‡K cwikªgx n‡Z n‡e| GKgvÎ cwikªgB gvby‡li Rxeb‡K my›ì I mv_©K K‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡i| kª‡gi gh©v`v : gvby‡li Rb¥ mªóvi Aaxb, wKšÍy Kg© gvby‡li Aaxb| Rxeb-avi‡Yi ZvwM‡` gvbyl bvbv K‡g© wb‡qvwRZ nq| K…lK dmj djvq, ZuvwZ Kvco †ev‡b, †R‡j gvQ a‡i, wkÿK QvÎ covb, Wv³vi wPwKrmv K‡ib, weÁvbx Avwe®‹vi K‡ib| Guiv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB gvbeZvi Kj¨v‡Y KvR K‡i hv‡”Qb| c„w_ex‡Z †Kv‡bv KvRB †QvU bq| Av_©-mvgvwRK c`gh©v`vq nq‡Zv mevB mgvb bq| wKšÍy G‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB †gav, gbb, Nvg I kª‡g mf¨Zv GwM‡q wb‡q P‡j‡Q| ZvB mK‡ji kª‡gi cÖwZB Avgv‡ì mgvb gh©v`v I kª×v _vKv DwPZ| DbœZ we‡k¦ †Kv‡bv KvR‡KB Zz”Q Kiv nq bv| mgv‡Ri cÖwZwU †jvK wb‡Ri KvR‡K ¸iyZ¡ w`‡q Kivi †Póv K‡i| ZvB Pxb, Rvcvb, †Kvwiqv, ivwkqv, Bsj¨vÛ, Av‡gwiKv, d«vÝ, KvbvWv cÖf…wZi g‡Zv †`k DbœwZi Pig wkL‡i D‡V‡Q| Avgv‡ì †`‡k kvixwiK kªg‡K we‡kl gh©v`vi †Pv‡L †`Lv nq bv| Zvi d‡j Av‡Rv myRjv-mydjv-km¨-k¨vgjv †`‡ki Awaevmx n‡qI Avgiv Pig `vwi‡`ªï g‡a¨ emevm Kwi| cwikªg †mŠfv‡Mï cÖm~wZ : †mŠfvM¨ AvKvk †_‡K c‡o bv| Rxe‡b †mŠfvM¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ cÖPzi cwikªg I wbišÍi mvabvi ìKvi nq| me gvby‡li g‡a¨ myß cÖwZfv Av‡Q| cwikª‡gi Øviv †mB myß cÖwZfv‡K RvwM‡q Zzj‡Z nq| †h gvbyl Kg©‡K Rxe‡bi eªZ wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Q, RxebmsMÖv‡g ZviB n‡q‡Q Rq| K‡g©i cÖwZ wb‡ew`Z-cÖvY e¨w³ Rxe‡b mdj ˆmwbK n‡Z cv‡i| Kg©nxb e¨w³ mgv‡Ri †evSv ¯î~c| Ab¨w`‡K kªgkxjZvB gvbeRxe‡bi †mŠfv‡Mï PvweKvwV| Avgv‡ì Rxe‡b DbœwZ Ki‡Z n‡j, Rxe‡b myLx n‡Z n‡j cwikª‡gi weKí †bB| Dcmsnvi : cwikªg ïay †mŠfv‡Mï wbqš¿K bq, mf¨Zv weKv‡kiI mnvqK| gvbe-mf¨Zvi DbœwZAMÖMwZ‡Z kª‡gi Ae`vb Ab¯^xKvh©| Avgiv ¯^vaxb-mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiK| †mvbvi evsjv Movi ¯^cœ I mvabv Avgv‡ì| ZvB †Kv‡bv cÖKvi kªg †_‡K Avgv‡ì gyL wdwi‡q _vK‡j Pj‡e bv| kª‡g weRq-i‡_ P‡o Avgv‡ì DbœZ mf¨Zvi wmsnØv‡i †cuŠQ‡Z n‡e|

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5.11 cvVvMv‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv m~Pbv : gvby‡li AbšÍ wRÁvmv, Amxg †KŠZ~nj| Zvi GB AbšÍ wRÁvmv, AšÍnxb Ávb a‡i iv‡L eB| Avi eB msM„nxZ _v‡K cvVvMv‡i| cvVvMvi n‡jv mvwnZ¨, BwZnvm, ag©, `k©b, weÁvb BZ¨vwì GK wekvj msMªnkvjv| iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii fvlvq : ÒGLv‡b fvlv Pzc Kwiqv Av‡Q, cÖevn w¯’i nBqv Av‡Q, gvbevZ¥vi Agi Av‡jvK Kv‡jv Aÿ‡ii k„•L‡j KvM‡Ri KvivMv‡i euvav cwoqv Av‡Q|Ó cvVvMv‡ii eB‡qi fvÊv‡i mwÂZ n‡q Av‡Q gvbemf¨Zvi kZ kZ eQ‡ii BwZnv‡mi ü`q-¯ú›`b| cvVvMvi Kx : cvVvMvi ej‡ZB Avgv‡ì †Pv‡Li mvg‡b †f‡m I‡V Ggb GKwU evwo ev Ni, †hLv‡b A‡bK eB msMÖn I msiwÿZ _v‡K| cvVvMv‡ii kvwãK cÖwZkã n‡”Q cy¯ÍKvMvi, MÖš’vMvi ev jvB‡eªwi| k‡•Li g‡a¨ †hgb mgy‡`ªi kã †kvbv hvq, cvVvMv‡ii g‡a¨ †Zgwb gvby‡li ü`‡qi DÌvb-cZ‡bi aŸwb †kvbv hvq| cvVK GLv‡b ¯úk© cvq mf¨Zvi GK kvk¦Z avivi, Abyfe K‡i gnvmgy‡`ªi kZ kZ eQ‡ii K‡jøvj aŸwb, ïb‡Z cvq RM‡Zi GK gnv HKZv‡bi myi| ZvB cvVvMvi ev jvB‡eªwi n‡”Q gvby‡li AZxZ, eZ©gvb I fwel¨‡Zi †mZzeÜb| cvVvMv‡ii BwZnvm : cvVvMv‡ii BwZnvm †ek cyi‡bv| gy`ªYhš¿ Avwe®‹v‡ii A‡bKKvj Av‡M †_‡KB cvVvMv‡ii cÖPjb wQj| ZLb gvbyl Zvi Ávb mwÂZ K‡i ivLZ cv_i, †cvov gvwU, cvnv‡oi Mv, c¨vwcivm, f~R©cÎ ev Pvgovq| Avi G¸‡jv msiÿY Kiv n‡Zv †jL‡Ki wb‡Ri evwo‡Z, gw›ìDcvmbvj‡q Ges ivRKxq fe‡b| wLª‡ói R‡b¥i cÖvq cuvP nvRvi eQi Av‡M wgk‡i cvVvMv‡ii Aw¯ÍZ¡ wQj| cÖvPxb wMÖ‡mI cvVvMvi wQj e‡j cÖgvY i‡q‡Q| fvi‡Z cÖvPxbKv‡j cwÊZ‡ì e¨w³MZ cvVvMvi wQj| cieZ©xKv‡j †eŠ× wenvimn wewfbœ Dcvmbvjq, bvj›`v wek¦we`¨vjq I weµgkxjvq mg„× cvVvMvi M‡o I‡V| GQvov Avwmwiqv, Av‡jKRvw›`ªqv, evM`v`, `v‡g¯‹, Pxb, wZeŸZmn eû¯’v‡b c„w_ex-weL¨vZ cvVvMv‡ii mÜvb cvIqv hvq| cvVvMv‡ii weKvk : AvaywbK Kv‡j weÁv‡bi mnvqZvq DbœZ cvVvMvi cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q| wek¦weL¨vZ cvVvMv‡ii g‡a¨ jÛ‡bi weªwUk wgDwRqvg, g‡¯‹vi †jwbb jvB‡eªwi, d«v‡Ýi wee&wjIw_K& bvrwmIbvj jvB‡eªwi, IqvwksU‡bi jvB‡eªwi Ae Ks‡MÖm, KjKvZvi b¨vkbvj jvB‡eªwi D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Avgv‡ì †`‡k XvKvq Ô†K›`ªxq cvewjK jvB‡eªwiÕ cÖwZwôZ nq 1953 mv‡j| GB jvB‡eªwii mn‡hvwMZvq †`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b miKvwi-†emiKvwi ch©v‡q kZvwaK cvVvMvi cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q| GQvov XvKvq evsjv GKv‡Wgx Mªš’vMvi, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq MÖš’vMvi, RvZxq MÖš’‡K›`ª, GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU jvB‡eªwi, weªwUk KvDwÝj jvB‡eªwi, ivRkvnxi e‡i›`ª wgDwRqvg, Lyjbvi D‡gkP›`ª ¯§„wZ MÖš’vMvi mwe‡kl D‡jøL‡hvM¨| eZ©gv‡b we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡k åvg¨gvY cvVvMvi ¯’vcb K‡i gvby‡li Ávb wccvmv PwiZv_© Kivi cÖ‡Póv Av‡iv †eMevb n‡q‡Q| XvKvi wek¦mvwnZ¨ †K›`ª evsjv‡`‡k åvg¨gvY cvVvMv‡ii cÖPjb K‡i Av‡jvwKZ gvbyl Movi Kv‡R wbijm †Póv Pvwj‡q hv‡”Q|

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cvVvMv‡ii †kªwYwefvM : we‡k¦ bvbv iKg cvVvMvi i‡q‡Q| Zvi g‡a¨ e¨w³MZ cvVvMvi, cvwievwiK cvVvMvi, mvaviY cvVvMvi, RvZxq cvVvMvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨| e¨w³MZ I cvwievwiK cvVvMv‡ii cwimi mxwgZ| mvaviY cvVvMvi me©mvavi‡Yi Rb¨ Db¥y³, ZvB Gi cwimi A‡bK e¨vcK I we¯Í…Z| ¯‹zj, K‡jR, wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎ-wkÿ‡Ki cÖ‡qvR‡b †h cvVvMvi M‡o I‡V †m¸‡jv cÖvwZôvwbK cvVvMvi| we‡k¦i cÖwZwU †`‡kB ivóªxqfv‡eI cvVvMvi ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q _v‡K| G¸‡jvB RvZxq cvVvMvi| cvVvMv‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv : gvby‡li kix‡ii Rb¨ †hgb Lv‡`ï ìKvi, †Zgwb g‡bi Lv`Ï Zvi cÖ‡qvRb| GB cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡Z cv‡i cvVvMvi| cvVvMvi gvby‡li K¬všÍ, eyfyÿz gb‡K Avb›` †`q| Zvi Ávb cÖmv‡i iywP‡eva RvMÖZ K‡i| cvVvMv‡i msM„nxZ _v‡K bvbv gZ I c‡_i eB| iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii fvlvq : ÒjvB‡eªwii g‡a¨ Avgiv mnmª c‡_i †PŠgv_vi Dc‡i ùvovBqv AvwQ| †Kvb c_ AbšÍ mgy‡`ª wMqv‡Q, †Kvb c_ AbšÍ wkL‡i DwVqv‡Q, †Kvb c_ gvbe ü`‡qi AZj ¯úk© Kwiqv‡Q| †h †hw`‡K B”Qv avegvb nI †Kv_vI evav cvB‡e bv| gvbyl Avcbvi cwiÎvY‡K GZUzKz RvqMvi g‡a¨ euvavBqv ivwLqv‡Q|Ó mg„× cvVvMvi me ai‡bi cvV‡Ki ÁvbZ…òv wbeviY K‡i; gvby‡li ˆbwZK PwiÎ MV‡b Ae`vb iv‡L| eB Qvov cÖK…Z gbyl¨Z¡ jvf Kiv hvq bv| ZvB cvVvMv‡ii gva¨‡gB GKwU RvwZ DbœZ, wkwÿZ I ms¯‹…wZevb RvwZ wn‡m‡e M‡o I‡V| RvZxq Rxe‡b ZvB cvVvMv‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I ¸iyZ¡ Acwimxg| cvVvMv‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv m¤ú‡K© wePvicwZ nvweeyi ingv‡bi e³e¨ ¸iyZ¡c~Y© : ÒMÖš’vMv‡ii gva¨‡g gvby‡li g‡a¨ M‡o I‡V msnwZ hv †`k Mov wKsev iÿvi Kv‡R iv‡L Ag~j¨ Ae`vb|Ó eB covi †h Avb›` gvby‡li g‡b, Zv‡K RvMÖZ K‡i Zzj‡Z AvR me cvVvMv‡ii e¨vcK cÖmvi cÖ‡qvRb| Dcmsnvi : cvVvMvi gvbemf¨Zvi AMÖMwZi avivevwnK BwZnvm, gvbe-ü`‡qi wgjb‡ÿÎ| my¯’ ms¯‹…wZi we¯Ívi NUv‡Z cvVvMvi GKvšÍ Acwinvh©| ¯‹zj-K‡j‡Ri Dc‡i cvVvMv‡ii ¯’vb| RvwZi cÖK…Z ÁvbvR©b I cÖvYkw³i e„w×i Rb¨ ¯‹zj-K‡j‡Ri g‡Zv †`‡ki meLv‡b cvVvMvi cÖwZôv Kiv AvR AZ¨šÍ Riywi|

5.12 Kg©gyLx wkÿv m~Pbv : wkÿv RvwZi †giy`Ê| wkÿv Qvov Rxeb Ac~Y©| wKšÍy †h wkÿv ev¯Íe Rxe‡b Kv‡R jv‡M bv, †m wkÿv A_©nxb| G ai‡bi wkÿvq cwievi, mgvR I iv‡óªi †evSv ev‡o| ZvB RxebwfwËK wkÿvB cÖK…Z wkÿv| Avi Rxe‡bi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ †h wkÿv †mwUB Kg©gyLx wkÿv| GKgvÎ Kg©gyLx wkÿvB n‡”Q Avgv‡`i ev¯Íe Rxe‡bi mnvqK|

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Kg©gyLx wkÿv Kx : Kg©gyLx wkÿv n‡”Q GKRb e¨w³‡K Zvi AvZ¥cÖwZôvq mnvqZv Kivi j‡ÿ¨ we‡kl †Kv‡bv K‡g© cÖwkwÿZ K‡i †Zvjv| A_©vr †h wkÿveë¯’vq gvbyl †Kv‡bv GKwU wel‡q nv‡Z-Kj‡g wkÿv jvf K‡i Ges wkÿv †k‡l RxweKvR©‡bi †hvM¨Zv AR©b K‡i, Zv‡KB Kg©gyLx wkÿv e‡j| Kg©gyLx wkÿv‡K KvwiMwi ev e„wËg~jK wkÿvI ejv n‡q _v‡K| Kg©gyLx wkÿvi cÖKvi‡f` : Kg©gyLx wkÿv hvwš¿K wkÿv bq| RxebgyLx wkÿvi cwigÊ‡jB Zvi Ae¯’vb| ZvB cwic~Y© I mvgwMÖK Rxeb‡ev‡ai Av‡jv‡K Kg©gyLx wkÿv `yB fv‡M wef³| GKwU n‡jv Ñ D”PZi Kg©gyLx wkÿv| GwU‡Z hviv weÁvb wel‡q cvi`k©x Zviv Ñ wewfbœ K‡jR, wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K D”PZi wWwMÖ AR©b K‡i Wv³vi, BwÄwbqvi, K…wlwe` BZ¨vw` ¯^vaxb †ckv MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| PvKwii Avkvq e‡m _vK‡Z nq bv| Av‡iKwU n‡jv Ñ mvaviY Kg©gyLx wkÿv| Gi Rb¨ K‡jR, wek¦we`¨vj‡qi D”Pwkÿvi ìKvi nq bv| cÖv_wgK ev gva¨wgK wkÿvB h‡_ó| mvaviY Kg©gyLx wkÿvi g‡a¨ c‡o Kvgvi, Kzgvi, ZuvwZ, `wR©, KjKviLvbvi KvwiMi, †gvUiMvwo †givgZ, Nwo-†iwWI-wUwf-wd«R †givgZ, QvcvLvbv I euvavB‡qi KvR, Pvgovi KvR, MÖvwd· AvU©m, B‡jKwUªK wgw¯¿, KvVwgw¯¿, ivRwgw¯¿, grm¨ Pvl, nuvmgyiwM cvjb, bvm©vwi, avÎxwe`¨v BZ¨vw`| G wkÿvq wkwÿZ n‡j Kv‡ivB †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ fve‡Z nq bv| Kg©gyLx wkÿvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv : gvby‡li †gav I gbb‡K weKwkZ Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb wkÿvi| ZvB gvbyl‡K †mB wkÿvB MÖnY Kiv DwPZ, †h wkÿv Zvi A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK Rxebavivi Dbœq‡b Kvh©Kix f~wgKv ivL‡Z mÿg nq| evsjv‡`‡ki Awkÿv I AcwiKwíZ cyuw_MZ wkÿveë¯’vi Kvi‡Y cÖvq †ò †KvwU †jvK Kg©nxb| G `yie¯’v †_‡K gyw³ †c‡Z cwiKwíZ I êÁvwbK Dcv‡q Rxeb m¤ú„³ I DcvR©bÿg Kg©gyLx wkÿveë¯’v cÖeZ©b Riywi| Kg©gyLx wkÿv AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’v‡bi bvbv my‡hvM m„wó K‡i| e¨w³‡K ¯^vej¤^x K‡i †Zv‡j| G wkÿv e¨w³ I †`k‡K †eKvi‡Z¡i Awfkvc †_‡K gyw³ †`q| †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb I `vwi`ª¨we‡gvP‡b mwµq f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| Kg©gyLx wkÿvq `ÿ Rbkw³‡K Avgiv we‡`‡k cvwV‡q cÖPzi ê‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©b Ki‡Z cvwi| eZ©gvb we‡k¦i mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q Avgv‡ì †`‡kI Kg©gyLx wkÿveë¯’v‡K wkí, weÁvb, KvwiMwi Dbœqb I AMÖMwZ mva‡bi Dc‡hvMx K‡i †Zvjv Awbevh©fv‡e cÖ‡qvRbxq n‡q c‡o‡Q| Kg©gyLx wkÿvi cÖmvi : Kg©gyLx wkÿvi ¸iyZ¡ AvR me©Î ¯^xK…Z| Gi gva¨‡g nv‡Z-Kj‡g wkÿv MÖnY K‡i wkÿv_©xiv †ckvMZ Kv‡Ri †hvM¨Zv AR©b K‡i Ges `ÿ Kg©x wn‡m‡e Kg©‡ÿ‡Î †hvM †`q| Kg©gyLx wkÿv cÖmvi I DrKl© mvab webv †Kv‡bv RvwZi K…wl, wkí, Kj-KviLvbv, Ab¨vb¨ Drcv`b Ges KvwiMwi †ÿ‡Î DbœwZ m¤¢e bq| evsjv‡`‡k Kg©gyLx wkÿvi †ÿÎ µ‡gB m¤cÖmvwiZ n‡”Q| †`‡k cÖ‡KŠkj, weÁvb I cÖhyw³ Ges K…wl wek¦we`¨vjq; cwj‡UKwbK I †fv‡Kkbvj †Uªwbs Bbw÷wUDU; †j`vi I †U·UvBj †UK‡bvjwR K‡jR, MÖvwd· AvU©m& K‡jR BZ¨vw` cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv Kg©gyLx wkÿv cÖmv‡i f~wgKv ivL‡Q| wKšÍy cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq Zv AAcÖZzj| ZvB Avgv‡ì †`‡k miKvi I RbM‡Yi mwµq cÖ‡Póvq

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Av‡iv A‡bK Kg©gyLx wkÿvcÖwZôvb M‡o †Zvjv ìKvi| eZ©gv‡b gva¨wgK ¯Í‡i Kg©gyLx wkÿv cÖmv‡ii †ÿ‡Î †ek wKQz ¸iyZ¡c~Y© c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ ¯‹zj I gv`&ivmvq beg I `kg †kªwY‡Z †ewmK †UªW †Kvm© Pvjy, K…wlweÁvb, wkí, mgvRKj¨vY I Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb welq wn‡m‡e AšÍfz©³; cwj‡UwbK Bbw÷wUD‡U Wej wkdU Pvjy BZ¨vw` D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Dcmsnvi : evsjv‡`k wecyj RbmsL¨vi †`k| Kg©gyLx wkÿvi gva¨‡g G RbmsL¨v‡K Rbkw³‡Z i~cvšÍi Kiv m¤¢e| `ÿ Rbkw³ †`‡ki m¤ú`; Dbœq‡bi g~j PvweKvwV| ZvB Avgv‡ì †`‡k AZ¨šÍ ¸iy‡Z¡i mv‡_ e¨vcKfv‡e Kg©gyLx wkÿvi cÖmvi NUv‡bv ìKvi|

5.13 Aaëmvq m~Pbv : e¨_©Zv †KD Pvq bv| mevB mvdj¨ †Luv‡R| wKšÍy †KDB me Kv‡R GKev‡i mdj nq bv| mdjZvi Rb¨ evievi †Póv Ki‡Z nq| †Kv‡bv Kv‡R mvdj¨ jv‡fi Rb¨ evievi GB †Póvi bvgB Aaëmvq| Aaëmvq Qvov Rxe‡b DbœwZ jvf Kiv hvq bv| AaëmvqB n‡”Q gvbemf¨Zvi AMÖMwZi PvweKvwV| Aaëmvq Kx : Aaëmvq k‡ãi AvwfavwbK A_© Aweivg mvabv, µgvMZ †Póv| †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó j‡ÿ¨ †cuŠQv‡bvi Rb¨ Aweivg mvabv ev µgvMZ †Póv Pvwj‡q hvIqv‡K e‡j Aaëmvq| e¨_©Zvq wbivk bv n‡q K‡Vvi cwikªg Avi â‡h©i mv‡_ Afxô j‡ÿ¨ †cuŠQv‡bvi g‡a¨B Aaëmv‡qi mv_©KZv wbwnZ| Aaëmv‡qi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv : e¨_©ZvB mdjZvi cÖ_g †mvcvb| e¨_©Zv †_‡K mvabvi ïiy, Avi mdjZvi gva¨‡g Zvi †kl| ZvB gvbeRxe‡b mvabv ev Aaëmv‡qi weKí †bB| Aaëmvqx gvbyl Amva¨ mvab Ki‡Z cv‡i| GgbwK Aaëmv‡qi ¸‡YB gvbyl c„w_ex‡Z AgiZ¡ jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvB gvbeRxe‡b Aaëmv‡qi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Acwimxg| QvÎRxe‡b Aaëmvq : QvÎRxe‡b Aaëmv‡qi ¸iyZ¡ me‡P‡q †ewk| QvÎRxebB fwel¨r Movi Dchy³ mgq| G mgq e¨_© n‡j m¤ú~Y© gvbeRxebB e¨_©Zvq ch©ewmZ nq| †h QvÎ Aaëmvqx, mvdj¨ Zvi nv‡Zi gy‡Vvq| Ajm QvÎ-QvÎx †gavex n‡jI cov‡kvbvq KL‡bv mdj n‡Z cv‡i bv| K‡Vvi Aaëmvq Qvov †Kv‡bv Kv‡RB Rqx nIqv hvq bv| QvÎRxe‡bB GB mZ¨ Dcjwä K‡i wb‡R‡K Aaëmvqx wn‡m‡e M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e Kwe KvjxcÖmbœ †Nv‡li weL¨vZ Dw³ : cvwie bv GK_vwU ewjI bv Avi, †Kb cvwi‡e bv Zvnv fve GKevi, [...]

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GKevi bv cvwi‡j †`L kZevi| Aaëmvq I cÖwZfv : Aaëmvq cÖwZfvi †P‡q A‡bK eo| gbxlx fj&‡Zqv‡ii fvlvq, ÔcÖwZfv e‡j †Kv‡bv wKQz †bB| cwikªg I mvabv K‡i hvI Zvn‡j cÖwZfv‡K AMÖvn¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡e|Õ WvjUb e‡j‡Qb, Ô†jv‡K Avgv‡K cÖwZfvevb e‡j; wKšÍy Avwg cwikªg Qvov Avi wKQz Rvwb bv|Õ weÁvbx wbDU‡bi Dw³, ÔAvgvi Avwe®‹vi cÖwZfv-cÖm~Z bq, eû eQ‡ii Aaëmvq I wbiew”Qbœ mvabvi dj|Õ G †_‡KB †evSv hvq, Aaëmvq I cwikªg Qvov kyay cÖwZfvi †Kv‡bv g~j¨ †bB| cÖwZfvevb e¨w³iv Aaëmvq ØvivB wb‡Ri KvR‡K mym¤úbœ K‡i †Zv‡jb| Avevi Aaëmv‡qi Øviv A‡b‡K cÖwZfvevb wn‡m‡e mybvg AR©b K‡ib| Aaëmv‡qi D`vniY : c„w_ex‡Z †hme gbxlx mvd‡jï D”P wkL‡i A‡ivnY K‡i AgiZ¡ jvf K‡i‡Qb, Zuviv mK‡jB wQ‡jb Aaëmvqx| ¯‹Uj¨v‡Ûi ivRv ievU© eªym I d«v‡Ýi weL¨vZ HwZnvwmK Kvj©vBj Aaëmv‡qi †kªô D`vniY| ievU© eªym evievi Bs‡iR‡ì Kv‡Q civwRZ n‡qI hy×-R‡qi Avkv I †Póv Z¨vM K‡ibwb| lôevi civwRZ n‡q wZwb hy× wPšÍvq gMœ Av‡Qb, Ggb mgq †`L‡Z †c‡jb GKwU gvKomv evievi KwoKv‡V myZv euvaevi †Póv Ki‡Q Ges e¨_© n‡”Q| GBfv‡e Qqevi e¨_© n‡q mßgev‡i gvKomvwU mdj n‡jv| GB †`‡L ievU© eªymI mßgevi hy× K‡i Bs‡iR‡ì civwRZ K‡ib Ges ¯‹Uj¨‡Ûi Ici wb‡Ri AvwacZ¨ we¯Ívi K‡ib| gbxlx Kvj©vBj Zuvi †jLv divwm wecø‡ei BwZnv‡mi cvÊzwjwc GK eÜz‡K co‡Z w`‡qwQ‡jb| eÜzi evwoi Kv‡Ri gwnjv †mwU‡K ev‡R KvMR †f‡e cywo‡q †d‡jb| Kvj©vBj G‡Z GKUzI `‡g hvbwb| wZwb Avevi †Póv K‡i eBLvbv wj‡L wek¦evmx‡K Dcnvi w`‡qwQ‡jb| mgªvU †b‡cvwjqvb, Aveªvnvg wj¼b, wµ‡÷vdvi Kj¤^vm cÖgyL gbxlxi RxebI Aaëmv‡qi GK weivU mvÿ¨| AvPvh© RM`xkP›`ª emy, mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq Aaëmv‡qi ¸‡YB AvR wek¦weL¨vZ| Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi, KvRx bRiyj Bmjvg, myKvšÍ fÆvPvh© Aaëmv‡qi D¾¡j `„óvšÍ| Avgiv evOvwjgvÎB Zuv‡ì Rb¨ Mwe©Z| Dcmsnvi : Aaëmvq n‡”Q RxebmsMÖv‡gi g~j †cÖiYv| G msMÖv‡g mdjZv I e¨_©Zv DfqB mgvbfv‡e MyiyZ¡c~Y©| Z‡e Aaëmvqx gvbyl Rxe‡bi me e¨_©Zv‡K mvd‡j¨ cwiYZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvB wbwØ©avq ejv hvq, Rxe‡b mvd‡jï Rb¨ Aaëmv‡qi weKí †bB|

5.14 ¯^‡`k‡cÖg

wbwg©wZ

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m~Pbv : gvbyl ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB Zvi Rb¥¯’vb‡K fv‡jvev‡m| Rb¥¯’v‡bi Av‡jv-Rj-nvIqv, cï-cvwLmeyR cÖK…wZi mv‡_ Zvi wbweo m¤úK© M‡o I‡V| Rb¥¯’v‡bi cÖwZwU a~wjKYv Zvi Kv‡Q g‡b nq †mvbvi †P‡qI `vwg| †m Dcjwä K‡iÑ wgQv gwY gy³v-†ng ¯^‡`‡ki wcÖq †cÖg Zvi †P‡q iZœ bvB Avi| gvby‡li GB DcjwäB n‡”Q ¯^‡`k‡cÖg| ¯^‡`k‡cÖ‡gi msÁv_© : ¯^‡`k‡cÖg A_© n‡”Q wb‡Ri †`‡ki cÖwZ, RvwZi cÖwZ, fvlvi cÖwZ Mfxi AvKl©Y Abyfe Kiv| †`‡ki cÖwZ cÖej AbyivM, wbweo fv‡jvevmv Ges h_v_© AvbyMZ¨‡K †`k‡cÖg e‡j| Rb¥f~wgi ¯^v‡_© me©¯^ Z¨v‡Mi mvabvB ¯^‡`k‡cÖg | ¯^‡`k‡cÖ‡gi ¯îc~ : ¯^‡`k A_© wb‡Ri †`k| wb‡Ri †`k‡K mevB fv‡jvev‡m| gv‡K †hgb mevB wbt¯^v_©fv‡e fv‡jvev‡m, †Zgwb ¯^‡`‡ki cÖwZI mevi fv‡jvevmv mKj ¯^v‡_©i E‡aŸ©| cÖ‡Z¨K gvby‡liB K_vq, wPšÍvq I Kv‡R cÖKvk cvq ¯^‡`‡ki cÖwZ wbweo ggZ¡‡eva| GB †eva ev †PZbv ü`‡qi Mfxi †_‡K DrmvwiZ| ZvB GWDBb Avb©ì e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔRxeb‡K fv‡jvevwm mwZ¨, wKšÍy †`‡ki †P‡q †ewk bq|Õ ms¯‹…Z †køv‡K Av‡Q : ÒRbbx Rb¥f~wgð ¯^Mv© `wc Mixqmx|Ó A_©vr Rbbx I Rb¥f~wg ¯^‡M©i †P‡qI †kªô| ¯^‡`k‡cÖ‡gi Abyf~wZ : †`k I †`‡ki gvby‡li cÖwZ `ywb©evi AvKl©Y †_‡K Rb¥ nq ¯^‡`k‡cÖ‡gi| c„w_exi me RvqMvi AvKvk, Puv`, m~h© GK n‡jI ¯^‡`k‡cÖ‡gi †PZbv †_‡K gvbyl wb‡Ri †`‡ki Puv`-m~h©AvKvk‡K Avjv`vfv‡e wPwýZ K‡i fv‡jvev‡m| ¯^‡`k‡cÖ‡gi Abyf~wZ me‡P‡q †ewk cÖKvwkZ nq †`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv wecbœ n‡j| ZLb ¯^‡`k‡cÖ‡gi cÖej Av‡e‡M gvbyl wb‡Ri Rxeb w`‡ZI wØav K‡i bv| †Kbbv †m Rv‡b, †`‡ki Rb¨ Ôwbt‡k‡l cÖvY †h Kwi‡e `vb, ÿq bvB Zvi ÿq bvB|Ó QvÎRxe‡b ¯^‡`k‡cÖg : QvÎivB †`‡ki I RvwZi fwel¨r KY©avi| †`‡ki DbœwZ I RvwZi Avkv c~i‡Yi Avkªq¯’j| ZvB †`k I RvwZi cÖwZ Mfxi ggZ¡‡eva QvÎRxe‡bB RvwM‡q Zzj‡Z n‡e| †`k‡K fv‡jvevmvi D¾xeb g‡š¿ `xwÿZ n‡Z n‡e| QvÎ‡ì †`k‡cÖ‡g DØy× Ki‡Z cvi‡jB †`‡ki ¯^v‡_© cÖ‡qvR‡b Rxeb DrmM© Kivi AvMÖn m„wó n‡e| Zv‡ì K‡É D”PvwiZ n‡e we‡`ªvnx Kwei evYx : Avgiv iwP fv‡jvevmvi Avkvi fwel¨r, †gv‡ì ¯^M©-c‡_i Avfvm †`Lvq AvKvk-Qvqvc_| †gv‡ì †Pv‡L wek¦evmxi ¯^cœ †`Lv †nvK mdj| Avgiv QvÎ`j\ evOvwji ¯^‡`k‡cÖg : c„w_ex‡Z hy‡M hy‡M AmsL¨ †`k‡cÖwgK R‡b¥‡Qb| Zuviv †`‡ki Rb¨ Rxeb DrmM©

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K‡i Agi n‡q Av‡Qb| evsjv‡`‡kI Zvi ARmª `„óvšÍ i‡qQ| cÖvPxbKvj †_‡K G †`‡k we‡`wk kw³ cÖfyZ¡ we¯Ív‡ii †Póv K‡i‡Q, Avi ¯^‡`k‡cÖwgK evOvwj †`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv I m¤§vb iÿv‡_© AKvZ‡i cÖvY wemR©b w`‡q‡Q| 1952 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívwb ˆ¯î-kvm‡Ki nv‡Z evsjv-fvlvi Rb¨ iwdK, kwdK, mvjvg, ReŸvi, eiK‡Zi AvZ¥`vb †`k‡cÖ‡gi †ÿ‡Î GK bZzb gvÎv ms‡hvRb K‡i‡Q| 1971-G evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv I mve©‡fŠgZ¡ cÖwZôvi msMÖv‡g AvZ¥`vb K‡i‡Q AmsL¨ QvÎ-wkÿK, K…lK-kªwgK, mvsevw`Keyw×Rxex, gv-†evbmn mvaviY gvbyl| AKz‡Zvfq kZ-mnmª G ˆmwb‡Ki †`k‡cÖ‡gi `„óvšÍ c„w_exi BwZnv‡m weij| GL‡bv G‡`‡ki jÿ‡KvwU RbZv †`‡ki mvgvb¨ ÿwZi m¤¢vebvq eRªK‡É M‡R© I‡V| ¯^‡`k‡cÖg I wek¦‡cÖg : ¯^‡`k‡cÖg g~jZ wek¦‡cÖ‡giB GKwU Ask| †Kbbv we‡k¦i me gvbylB c„w_ex bvgK GB f~L‡Êi Awaevmx| ZvB ¯^‡`k‡cÖ‡gi gva¨‡g mK‡jiB wek¦åvZ…Z¡, ˆgÎx I wek¦-gvbeZv‡K D”PwKZ K‡i Zzj‡Z n‡e| KviY wek¦Rbbxi AuvPj-Qvqvq †`kRbbxi VuvB| Kwe¸iy iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi †mRb¨B †M‡q‡QbÑ I Avgvi †`‡ki gvwU, †Zvgvi Õc‡i †VKvB gv_v, †Zvgv‡Z wek¦gqxi Ñ †Zvgv‡Z wek¦gv‡qi AuvPj cvZv\ Dcmsnvi : †`k‡cÖg GKwU wbt¯^v_© I wb‡j©vf AvZ¥vbyf~wZ| †Kv‡bv cÖKvi †jvf ev †jv‡fi ekeZ©x n‡q †`k‡K fv‡jvevmv hvq bv| cÖK…Z †`k‡cÖwg‡Ki Kv‡Q †`‡ki g½jB GKgvÎ Kvg¨| †`‡ki Rb¨ Zuviv me©¯^ `vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Zuv‡ì †kŠh©-exh© I PvwiwÎK `„pZv AvengvbKvj a‡i RvwZ‡K †cÖiYv †hvMvq| Kv‡RB e¨w³¯^v_© bq, †`k I RvwZi ¯^v_©‡K mevi Dc‡i ¯’vb w`‡Z n‡e| †`k Movi Kv‡R, †`‡ki Rb¨ g½jRbK Kv‡R Avgv‡ì mKj‡K wb‡ew`ZcÖvY n‡Z n‡e| m‡e©vcwi †`k‡K fv‡jvevmvi ga¨ w`‡q mgMÖ wek¦‡K fv‡jvevm‡Z wkL‡Z n‡e| Z‡eB AwR©Z n‡e ¯^‡`k‡cÖ‡gi P~ovšÍ mv_©KZv|

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