August 2011
www.EDCmag.com
The Premier Source for Integrated High-Performance Building
environmental design + construction
Clearing the Air
Inside:
Special Section on IAQ
Buildings are being designed to a new performance standard using...
Reward Insulating Concrete Forms The Andrew Apartments – Queens, NY 45,054 sq. ft. – 50 Units 6,500 13" Reward ICFs used 18.66 kBtus/sf/year to heat - $200 year per apartment
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Alamosa School District – Alamosa, CO
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Photo courtesy of The Neenan Company
Two schools – 145,000 sq. ft. 11,000 13" and 15" Reward ICFs used Energy models show 72% reduction in heating costs
1. 2.5-inches of high density foam on each side
2. Reversible interlocking teeth 3. Integrated furring strips every 6 inches 4. Strong tie design with rebar chairs
Design with the highest performing standards by using Reward Insulating Concrete Forms. Reward ICFs can reduce operational, maintenance and energy costs, while creating a high-performing, versatile and indelible building.
High Energy Efficiency
Increased Safety
Save 50–80% on heating and cooling costs
Build to withstand natural disasters
Enhanced Comfort
Straight
90º Corner
45º Corner
T-Form
Ledge
Taper Top
Better internal acoustics with a cleaner, more comfortable indoor climate
Reward offers unprecedented service and support for builders, designers and owners alike, by being able to assist in any stage of the ICF design and construction process.
ICF Concrete Cores are available in 4", 6", 8", 10" or 12" widths.
Reward Wall Systems has three ICF educational courses that are available for HSW and SD credits, including courses covering advanced ICF design and building performance. Contact us today to learn more about these programs.
1-800-468-6344 • www.RewardWalls.com Full CAD details, BIM objects, and specs are available online.
Reader Service No. 208 www.EDCmag.com/webcard
MAKE YOUR MARK
PRODUCT: Raw™ COLOR: 101058 Depot
Reader Service No. 88 www.EDCmag.com/webcard
To learn more call 1 800 336 0225 ext 6511 or visit us online at www.interfaceflor.com. Mission Zero and the Mission Zero logo are registered trademarks of Interface, Inc.
And lower your footprint with our most “off oil” products yet!
Spec Sheet
ED+C
Advertorial
August 2011
A 9" 11" 13" 15" 17"
9"— iForm 11"— iForm 13"— iForm 15"— iForm 17"— iForm
LEDGE FORM
STRAIGHT
Reward Insulating Concrete Forms
B 15.5" 17.5"
45º CORNER
11"— Ledge Form 13"— Ledge Form
9"— 45˚ Corner 11"— 45˚ Corner 13"— 45˚ Corner
A 9" 11" 13"
B 4" 6" 8" 10" 12"
C 6" 8"
B 4" 6" 8"
Description: Universal—no top or bottom; no left or right corners. The iForm is constructed with two opposing panels of expanded polystyrene (EPS), held together with polypropylene ties. The ties are positioned every 6 inches, and serve as furring strips, top to bottom, recessed 1/2" below the surface of the EPS. The ties allow for rebar to be snapped in place in different locations within the wall, two deep and with a loose fit that eliminates rebar strain.
C 2.5" 2.5" 2.5" 2.5" 2.5"
D 7" 7"
C 2.5" 2.5" 2.5"
E 2.5" 2.5"
D 22" 22" 22"
E 10" 10" 10"
Energy Efficiency: • Actual R-value of iForm wall: 22 • Effective R-value of iForm wall, air infiltration and thermal mass: 32+ • Air changes per hour — .04 - .09 • Saves up to 50-80% on heating and cooling costs
Storm Safety— • May withstand winds up to 200 mph • Performs well in seismic zones • Preferred product for safe rooms, basements and storm shelters Environmental— • No HCFC’s or CFC’s emitted during manufacturing process • No off-gassing, fumes, odors, toxins, or formaldehyde • Forms are recyclable • Ties made of recycled content • Sound Transmission Class range from 41 to 65 Evaluations & Associations ICC ES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ESR-1552 Note: The ICC ES Report documents compliance to the UBC, SBC, NBC, IBC, IRC and the International One & Two Family Dwelling Code Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200715-I Miami-Dade County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 08-0805.19 City of NY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MEA 116-03-M Florida Product Approval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FL1743-R2 City of L.A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RR25418 AIA/CES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Registered Provider #J143 CCMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13107-R ASTM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C578, E119 & E84
Safety: Fire Safety— Intertek ETL Semko (ASTM E84, ASTM E119, ASTM c578) • Toxicity – 24 / Flame Spread – Less than 25 / Smoke Development – Less than 450 • Self-extinguishing • Fire ratings: 9" = 1 & 2 hrs.; 11" = 3 hrs.; 13", 15" and 17" = 4 hrs
First And ONLY Brand To Be Certified To The New ASTM E2634 For Insulating Concrete Forms iForm Specifications TAPER TOP
All iForms are 16" high, weigh approximately 5.5 lbs., and contain ties 6" on center
Form Type B 6" 8"
C 2.5" 2.5"
90º CORNER
11"— Taper Top 13"— Taper Top
A 11" 13"
SHORT T-FORM
LONG T-FORM
Standard 9"— 90˚ Corner Extended 9"— 90˚ Corner Extended 11"— 90˚ Corner Extended 13"— 90˚ Corner Standard 15" — 90˚ Corner Extended 17" — 90˚ Corner
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A 9" 9" 11" 13" 15" 17"
B 4" 4" 6" 8" 10" 12"
C 2.5" 2.5" 2.5" 2.5" 2.5" 2.5"
D 25" 31" 33" 35" 31" 39"
E 13" 19" 21" 23" 19" 27"
9" iForm Straight Form 90° Standard Corner 90° Extended Corner 45° Corner 11" iForm Straight Form 90° Extended Corner 45° Corner Ledge Form Taper Top T-Form (Long) T-Form (Short) 13" iForm Straight Form 90° Extended Corner 45° Corner Ledge Form Taper Top 15" iForm Straight Form 90° Standard Corner 17" iForm Straight Form 90° Extended Corner
Total Width
Length
Return
Height
EPS Thickness Per Panel
Concrete Width
Surface Area
Concrete Yard Fills
9" 9" 9" 9"
48" 25" 31" 22"
13" 19" 10"
16" 16" 16" 16"
2.5" 2.5" 2.5" 2.5"
4" 4" 4" 4"
5.33 sq. ft. 4.22 sq. ft. 5.55 sq. ft. 3.55 sq. ft.
15.1 25.0 17.8 25.5
11" 11" 11" 11" 11" 11" 11"
48" 33" 22" 48" 48" 48" 48"
21" 10" 16" 4"
16" 16" 16" 16" 16" 16" 16"
2.5" 2.5" 2.5" 2.5" 2.5" 2.5" 2.5"
6" 6" 6"
5.33 sq. ft. 6.00 sq. ft. 3.55 sq. ft. 5.33 sq. ft. 5.33 sq. ft. 6.61 sq. ft. 5.00 sq. ft.
10.0 11.3 16.5 7.7 9.1 7.3 8.9
13" 13" 13" 13" 13"
48" 35" 22" 48" 48"
23" 10" -
16" 16" 16" 16" 16"
2.5" 2.5" 2.5" 2.5" 2.5"
8"+1-7/8" ledge
5.33 sq. ft. 6.44 sq. ft. 3.55 sq. ft. 5.33 sq. ft. 5.33 sq. ft.
7.5 8.1 12.2 6.1 7.0
15" 15"
48" 31"
19"
16" 16"
2.5" 2.5"
10" 10"
5.33 sq. ft. 5.54 sq. ft.
6.04 8.3
17" 17"
48" 39"
27"
16" 16"
2.5" 2.5"
12" 12"
5.33 sq. ft. 7.33 sq. ft.
5.06 5.0
6"+ 4-1/2" ledge 6"+ 1-7/8" ledge
6" 6" 8" 8" 8" 8"+4-1/2" ledge
9931 S. 136th Street Suite 100 Omaha, NE 68138-3936
AU G U S T 1 1
402-592-7077 Toll-Free 800-468-6344 Fax 402-592-7969 www.rewardwalls.com
It’s ultra thermal and ultra innovative. It’s ultra condensation resistant and ultra flexible. It’s ultra trusted and an ultra value. Kawneer’s new 1600UT Curtain Wall System™ is
Setting the standard in thermal innovation.
Reader Service No. 40 www.EDCmag.com/webcard © 2011 Kawneer Company, Inc.
Architectural Aluminum Systems Steel + Stainless Steel Systems Entrances + Framing Curtain Walls Windows
kawneer.com kawneergreen.com
CONTENTS
AUGUST 2011 VOLUME 14 NUMBER 8
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In This Issue Special Section: Indoor Air Quality
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Mechanical Aptitude
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IAQ After Occupancy By Maria Rutland, LEED AP ID+C
FAU’s College of Engineering and Computer Science demonstrates its commitment to interactive learning.
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By Derrick Teal
Legislative Trends By Mark Rossolo
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Performance Vs. Prescriptive By Rachel Belew
In Every Issue
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WEB TOC
Feel the Breeze
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EDITOR’S NOTE
What to research when considering wind energy for higher education.
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NEW + NOTABLE
By Andy Kruse
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ADVERTISER INDEX
SPEC SHEETS THROUGHOUT THIS ISSUE, ED+C ADVERTISERS OFFER
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Current Performance Criteria By Josh Jacobs, LEED AP BD+C
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Product Development By Tanya Barry
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New Materials and IAQ By Barbara L. Epstien, MPH, CIH, and W. Elliott Horner, PhD, LEED AP
Newsline For breaking news, visit www.EDCmag.com or sign up online to receive the eNewsletter delivered right to your inbox. For current industry news from your phone, snap the mobile tag here.
S N A P I T
Get the free app for your phone at http://gettag.mobi
SPECIFICATION SHEETS ON THE LATEST GREEN PRODUCTS OFFERED BY THEIR RESPECTIVE COMPANIES.
On the Cover: FAU’s new facility blends cutting-edge building functions with curricula. See page 16 for the full story. Photo credit: Island Studios Photography (Stuart Gobey).
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•
E IM N Ps E (I R ns ul G at Y ed
Ac to hie • 48 ve Ex hi gh re cee Rqu d • va ire en He lu m er es en lp en gy c e of ts qu rg rea co 14 ali y e te de fy ff a fo icie bu • r e n ild Pr ne t a in o rg nd g t s ta vid y t m ha • b ax ay t i ilit e lo Of s ng y cr in fer ed -te s l its m tal ow rm u la • m th Ar lti-c tion ain er o e m of a m tim ten al po e a siz vai n ne vs c es lab e nt . an an le a i d d na ss les co em lo wid s b rs l e va ies rie ty
M
Reader Service No. 176 www.EDCmag.com/webcard
L et O al Pa S ne S l s)
visit www.insulatedmetalpanels.org
Spec Sheet
ED+C
Advertorial
August 2011
Offer Proven Performance with Unlimited Design Options
Long-Term Performance Insulated Metal Panels (IMPs) have proven to be sturdy, timesaving building elements in roof and wall applications for more than 30 years. The growing interest in improving building performance has brought IMPs to the forefront as a solid solution to the best use of resources in designing and operating buildings.
Thermal Efficiency IMPs were one of the first exterior wall systems to place insulation outside of the support system while maintaining or improving thermal performance. IMPs are installed outside the metal stud cavity or other structural support mechanism to minimize thermal bridging while efficiently incorporating a water, air and vapor barrier. The single-unit wall assembly also eliminates the need for other materials and construction trade coordination. Many IMP products are produced via a highly efficient continuous bonding technology. In this process, foam injected between two metal sheets undergoes a chemical reaction causing it to rise and bond to the metal skins, filling the interior cavity. IMPs can also be manufactured by a laminating process in which pre-cured
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foam board is adhered to preformed metal panels and placed under pressure in a platen press or pinch-roll operation. With all types of IMPs the factory controlled, uniform foam thickness provides consistent insulation performance and eliminates interior cavities throughout the panel. The finished product is a complete insulated panel with R-values that range between R-14 and R-48, depending on the core thickness and mean core temperature. Normally, insulation placed within a building’s stud cavity can be as little as 33 percent effective. In contrast, IMPs can provide up to 95 percent thermal efficiency. This high level of performance in the field is verified by the IMP’s compliance with ASTM C-1363-05 dealing with thermal performance and ASTM C 518 related to steady-state thermal transmission properties (www.astm.org). IMPs also protect the building’s interior and exterior and reduce airflow in and out of the building envelope, which helps improve HVAC performance. This may contribute to points for Optimized Energy Performance if the building is aiming for certification in the USGBC’s voluntary LEED guidelines. IMPs also save resources
by reducing or eliminating field cutting and material waste.
Multi-Powered Unit IMPs typically consist of an insulated core, exterior and interior metal skins, double tongueand-groove joinery, and concealed clips and fasteners. They are ideal for the entirety of an exterior wall or roof system; they can also be used in conjunction with other panels for multi-component solutions. Regardless of climate conditions, IMPs offer the long-term durability and low maintenance provided by metal. The high-performance coatings applied to the metal skins maintain the aesthetic values for decades by protecting the panels from exposure to sunlight, wind and harsh weather. Architects and building owners are turning to IMPs for proven thermal performance. But they also appreciate the benefits of reduced installation time compared to multi-component assemblies, and a wide range of color, style and size options to fit all types of designs. For more information visit www.insulatedmetalpanels.org.
TOC
WEB
Online Only at www.EDCmag.com
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THIS MONTH’S WEB EXCLUSIVE FEATURES INCLUDE:
IMAGE COURTESY OF NIC LEHOUX
High-Performance Experience
From the Inside Out
A Welcoming Environment
By George Shaw, AIA, LEED AP
By Tim Stevens, AIA, LEEP AP, and Francesco Mozzati, LEED AP
By Steve Stouthamer
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While PACCAR Hall is successful in terms of energy efficiency, perhaps its most compelling aspect is the experience it offers — it’s a building that feels good to be in.
The new Student Recreation Center is a genuine expression of the student body’s commitment to health, wellbeing and sustainability.
The recently constructed healing garden and labyrinth, designed as an oasis for patients and visitors, serves as the crowning touch at the N.C. Cancer Hospital.
Reader Service No. 100 www.EDCmag.com/webcard
www.EDCmag.com
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EDITOR’S
NOTE U.S. PRIMARY ENERGY PRODUCTION BY MAJOR SOURCE (2009)
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Associate Publisher Michelle Hucal, LEED AP hucalm@bnpmedia.com Phone: 248.244.1280 Fax: 248.786.1394
Editor Derrick Teal teald@bnpmedia.com Phone: 248.786.1645 Fax: 248.283.6560
Associate Editor Laura Zielinski zielinskil@bnpmedia.com Phone: 248.786.1680 Fax: 248.502.9016
West Coast Sales Manager Karrie Laughlin laughlink@bnpmedia.com Phone: 248.786.1657 Fax: 248.502.2065
List Rentals For postal information please contact Kevin Collopy at 800-223-2194 x684 or email him at robert.liska@eraepd.com
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r// Geothermal, Solar/ nd PV, Wind
ntt Natural Gas Plant ds Liquids
ss Biomass
Hydroelectric Power er (Conventional) al)
er Nuclear Electric Power
Crude Oil
0
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 2009, Table 1.2 (August 2010)
risk it presents to water supplies. While the ramifications are not yet fully understood, investors for some of the major natural gas producers have drawn up resolutions for these companies to further investigate the environmental impacts. What do you think? Recent studies have shown that one major aid to stop smoking has the potential to increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes in patients. A parallel could be drawn to the increased use of natural gas to wean ourselves off of fossil fuels. Is it worth the risk? Or, are America and other countries around the world strong enough to quit fossil fuels cold turkey and immediately switch to renewable forms of energy? Email me with your comments (teald@ bnpmedia.com) or post them on www.EDCmag.com. Cheers,
Derrick Teal Editor
Web Editor Stephanie Fujiwara fujiwaras@bnpmedia.com
ED+C’s use of Rolland Enviro100 Print instead of virgin fibers paper reduced its ecological footprint by: Tree(s): 71 Solid waste: 8,736 lb Water: 69,105 gal Air emissions: 22,707 lb
PRODUCTION + ART
ADVERTISING + SALES East Coast Sales Manager Carrie Burrows burrowsc@bnpmedia.com Phone: 248.525.3363 Fax: 248.502.9018
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2401 W. Big Beaver, Suite 700 | Troy, MI 48084 | 248.362.3700 | www.EDCmag.com Group Publisher Diana Brown brownd@bnpmedia.com Phone: 248.244.6258 Fax: 248.244.3911
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as Natural Gas
Smoking can be a tough habit to break. If it were easy, the number of stop smoking aids would be cut drastically, if not reduced to zero. And there’d sure be a lot more space on the wall behind the checkout counter at your local drugstore. But for many people, smoking can be a nearly impossible habit to break without help. You could probably say the same about the dependence on fossil fuels in the U.S. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), coal is the leading source for energy in the nation. But between 2001 and 2010, natural gas consumption in the electric power sector increased by 38 percent. The rise in natural gas usage is attributed to an increase in natural-gas fired capacity, the ability of natural gas plants to generate a greater volume of electricity per unit of natural gas burned, and relatively low natural gas prices largely due to gains in domestic natural gas production from shale plays. Based on this rise and the ever-increasing regulations on coal-fired power plants, it would appear that natural gas will unseat coal as the primary source of fuel to generate electricity. Could this be the aid needed to kick the fossil-fuel habit while transitioning to renewable sources of energy? Proponents of natural gas point to its cleanliness as compared to the cleanliness of coal. The emission levels of potentially harmful substances it releases to generate electricity, including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and mercury, are far fewer than coal and petroleum, according to the EIA. But, it’s still a fossil fuel. As such, the processes used to retrieve it, such as offshore drilling and hydraulic fracturing, can have severely negative environmental effects. Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, involves forcefully shooting water and chemicals into rock formations miles underground to release trapped natural gas. The big question about fracking is the
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Coal al
Kick the Habit
Quadrillion Btu
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Reprint Sales Jill DeVries devriesj@bnpmedia.com Phone: 248.244.1726 Fax: 248.244.3934
For email information please contact Shawn Kingston at 800-409-4443 x828 or email her at shawn.kingston@eraepd.com
Subscription Information Phone: 847.763.9534 Fax: 847.763.9538 EDC@halldata.com
Production Manager Jeff Bagwell bagwellj@bnpmedia.com Phone: 248.244.6481 Fax: 248.283.6589
Art Director Shannon Shortt shortts@bnpmedia.com
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INTRODUCING
©2011 Sloan Valve, Inc. All rights reserved.
BASYS
™
Any Application. Any Environment.™ Backed by a century of experience and proven Sloan technologies, Basys delivers a revolutionary approach to sensor faucets that meets the demands of the commercial plumbing industry. Fueled by two years of field research and in-depth interviews with architects, engineers and plumbers, Basys has the strength and versatility to meet the needs of any application or environment.
Build a Basys online: sloanvalve.com/basys
Reader Service No. 37 www.EDCmag.com/webcard
Spec Sheet
ED+C
Advertorial
BASYS
August 2011
™
Any Application. Any Environment.™ Informed by in-depth research and backed by Sloan’s century of experience and proven technologies, Basys offers a modular platform of body types, features and components to meet the needs of any application or environment.
Low Integrated Base
Low
Ideal for the most demanding high-use environments. The integrated base offers added durability via two attachment points. The capacitance model is especially robust.*
The modest profile minimizes the potential for vandalism, making this body type ideal for high-use, low-security environments. For extra assurance against damage, opt for the capacitance model.*
Mid
High
Wall
This model provides optimal height and proportions for effective hand washing, making it well suited for most restroom environments.
The tall profile offers a distinct aesthetic as well as an optimized delivery angle that permits a greater wash area. Users can scrub up to their forearms if desired. EFX-1
Elimination of the deck translates into uninterrupted clearance and a striking appearance. The spout attaches directly to a valve box in the wall, making this body type easy to install and secure.
EFX-2
EFX-6
EFX-3
EFX-8
Active Infrared
Active Infrared
Capacitance
Capacitance
Active Infrared
Active Infrared
Active Infrared
*Sensing Options: Active Infrared sensing is the standard on all models and is designed to provide above-deck access to key components, and offer additional user enhancements. Capacitance sensing does not utilize a vulnerable sensor window and critical components are protected in a watertight, below-deck box. Electronics on all models protected to IP-67. U N I V E R S A L F E AT U R E S
One tool service A single allen wrench provides access to all key components. No additional tools required.
Automatic shut-off One twist of the solenoid caddy shuts off water supply to facilitate cleaning or replacing the filter.
Line purge All models include a line purge function to eliminate the stagnant water that can lead to bacterial growth.
Shared parts Interchangeability of components simplifies orders, upgrades, repairs and maintenance.
Power options Multiple power harvesting options are available to suit the unique needs of each environment.
Flow rates Three spray inserts – multi-laminar spray, full stream aerated and full stream laminar – offer options to adjust feel and flow rate.
Visible diagnostics Individual external diagnostic LEDs indicate the health and status of key components.
Sleep mode With a touch, staff can temporarily turn off the water in order to clean a sink.
Warranty All products have a standard three-year limited warranty.
For more in-depth specifications, or to build a Basys™ faucet online, visit: sloanvalve.com/basys Legend:
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Hardwired
AU G U S T 1 1
Battery Operated
Solar
Turbine
World Headquarters: 10500 Seymour Ave. Franklin Park, IL 60131 T: 847.671.4300 / 800.9.VALVE.9 F: 847.671.6944 / 800.447.8329 ©2011 Sloan Valve, Inc. All rights reserved.
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1
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NEW + NOTABLE
4
To request more information on these products, visit www.EDCmag.com/webcard and enter the corresponding reader service numbers.
1
High-Efficiency Showerhead
The Caroma Flow high-efficiency showerhead, with a flow rate of 1.5 gpm/5.7 L at 80 psi, includes a precision-engineered nozzle that pressurizes water to produce a uniform and soft, yet powerful, spray of water. An easy-slide spray adjustment allows the flow to change from a wide coverage bathing spray to a concentrated rinse flow. The showerhead can reportedly help save up to 10 more gallons of water than the standard 2.5 gpm showerhead for a 10-minute shower. www.caroma.com Caroma | Reader Service No. 20
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FRP Panels
Crane Composites’ complete line of fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) wall and ceiling panels is now GREENGUARD Children & Schools and GREENGUARD Indoor Air Quality certified. FRP wall and ceiling panels reportedly offer a number of significant features including resistance to mold, mildew and bacteria growth; high impact strength; high moisture resistance; chemical resistance; stain resistance; sanitary finish; low maintenance; and easy installation. www.cranecomposites.com Crane Composites | Reader Service No. 23
4
Traction Elevator
The Schindler 3300 machine room-less (MRL) traction elevator is intended to provide a sustainable and cost-effective solution for the low-rise commercial and multiunit residential building market. The system is designed to allow for more usable building space by eliminating the need for a machine room or a control closet. It fits into the footprint of a hydraulic elevator design, yet provides the quiet and energy-efficient operation of traction technology. www.schindler3300na.com Schindler Elevator Corporation | Reader Service No. 21
3
Dual-Flush Toilet
A new line of hands-free, dual-flush toilet valves from American Standard automatically adjusts flush volume, reportedly consuming 20 percent less water than standard toilets. The Selectronic dual-flush toilet valve releases a light flush, or 1.1 gallons per flush (gpf ), when motion is detected for less than 60 seconds. A standard 1.6 gpf volume is used when motion is detected for 60 seconds or longer. The sensor’s range comes preset and can be adjusted either manually or via remote control. www.americanstandard.com American Standard | Reader Service No. 22
www.EDCmag.com
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grass porous pavement
NEW + NOTABLE Hydrogen Fuel Cell ReliOn’s E-1100 fuel cell system provides 1,100W of power in a compact, 4U rack-mountable package. This system has 2.5 times greater power density than ReliOn’s T-1000 fuel cell, allowing for higher power configurations in the same environmentally hardened outdoor enclosure footprint. Emissions are reportedly limited to warm
air and a small amount of water, and the company claims the E-1100 fuel cell is exempt from the most stringent air quality standards. The E-1100 system is designed to provide hundreds of runtime hours between refuelings and years of service for critical equipment. www.relion-inc.com ReliOn | Reader Service No. 24
Rainwater Harvesting Systems BRAE’s configurable Rainwater Harvesting Systems for commercial, institutional and residential applications can reportedly reduce water consumption by up to 65 percent. The systems offer storage capacities of 200 to more than 2 million gallons, and manage the filtration, storage, distribution and treatment functions typical to rainwater systems. BRAE works closely with architects, contractors and other customers to develop, install and warrant practical systems. Harvested water can be used for myriad applications, including toilet flushing and landscape irrigation. www.braewater.com BRAE | Reader Service No. 25
invisiblestructures.com 800-233-1510 Reader Service No. 101 www.EDCmag.com/webcard
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Reader Service No. 99 www.EDCmag.com/webcard
Thermal Performance Calculator
Paperless Software
Acrylic Surfaces
YKK AP America’s thermal performance calculator, myThermalAssistant, is an online tool designed to calculate overall façade system U-factor. Users can reportedly calculate U-factors in seconds versus minutes or hours of consultation with multiple
Revu 9 includes enhanced features to streamline PDF markup, viewing, process-
HI-MACS Eden Plus Surfaces reportedly feature up to 41 percent certified pre-consumer recycled material. The environmentally conscious acrylic product is GREENGUARD In-
ing, collaboration and sharing. Revu 9’s PDF viewing capability enables users to navigate through complex models onscreen to gain a dynamic view of the project. Users can refine perspectives and vantage points, isolate specific elements, make transparent layers and save these specific views in the document so project collaborators can have the same perspective. Other new features include the VisualSearch function, the area cutouts feature, an Erase Content option and more. www.bluebeam.com Bluebeam Software | Reader Service No. 27
suppliers or building consultants. The tool provides information in a printer-friendly format and is compatible with multiple browsers. The program can also recommend a YKK AP framing system and glass package to specify in order to meet any building envelope requirements. www.ykkap.com YKK AP America | Reader Service No. 26
ISIS
door Air Quality certified and may contribute to LEED credits. Like all 100 percent acrylic solid surfaces, the material is designed to be durable, colorfast and easy to maintain. Eden Plus Surfaces are available in 13 colors with a 15-year warranty. www.lghausys.com LG Hausys | Reader Service No. 28
®
A Ceiling Fan That Actually Works.
Isis uses its immense size, aerodynamic airfoils and uncompromised engineering to create a wall to wall breeze. In fact, this air moving machine does the work of 9 small ceiling fans while using just 1/3 of the energy. Unlike gear-driven fans, the effect of Isis is seen and felt - not heard. And although it’s whisper quiet, Isis makes a bold visual statement about a commitment to sustainable design. www.BigAssFans.com | (877) BIG FANS 244-3267
Ask how Big Ass Fans contribute to LEED® credits in: Optimized Energy Performance; Enhanced Refrigerant Management; Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance; Increased Ventilation; Thermal Comfort — Design; Innovation in Design
May be covered by one or more of the following U.S. Patents: 6,244,821; 6,589,016; 6,817,835; 6,939,108; 7,252,478; 7,284,960; D587,799; D607,988 and other patents pending. ©2011 Delta T Corporation dba the Big Ass Fan Company. All rights reserved.
Reader Service No. 102 www.EDCmag.com/webcard
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Mechanical APTITUDE FAU’s College of Engineering and Computer Science demonstrates its commitment to interactive learning. By Derrick Teal
F
rom its very beginning, Florida Atlantic University (FAU) has been on the cutting edge. It was one of the first universities to offer only upper-division and graduate-level work, and it was one of the first to offer distance learning … in the 1960s. And while widespread adoption of the types of technology necessary for the university’s radical learning alternative didn’t take place until decades later, students are taking immediate advantage of the university’s latest advanced technology offering. Located in Boca Raton, Fla., the new home of FAU’s College of Engineering and Computer Science demonstrates the college’s and university’s commitment to sustainability. The five floors of the facility consist of electrical instrumentation labs, computer build/ circuitry labs, bio-mechatronics/ biomed lab, 5G technologies and specialized research labs. While the floors focus on a different segment of the facility’s users, each one is highlighted by the cutting-edge technology befitting the instruction and study occurring on each level. This inspiring 96,000-square-foot building designed by LEO A DALY has recently achieved LEED Platinum status.
All In Robert Thomas, AIA, LEED BD+C, LEO A DALY’s Principal of Science
LEFT: THE MAIN ENTRANCE IS THE TERMINUS OF THE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING BROADWAY. PHOTO CREDIT: ISLAND STUDIOS PHOTOGRAPHY (STUART GOBEY)
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SOFTER LIGHT FOSTERS
SHARPER IDEAS CREATI N G EN V I RO N M ENTS WHERE PEO PLE CAN SHINE ™ ABOVE: THE ENTRY TURN CIRCLE AND DROP OFF. THE THIRD FLOOR TERRACE IS LOCATED ADJACENT TO THE DEAN’S SUITE. BELOW: PUBLIC LOBBY. MONITORS ARE INTERACTIVE AND STUDENTS CAN ACCESS BUILDING SYSTEMS INFORMATION AS A TEACHING TOOL. THE GLASS ABOVE IS PART OF THE ART IN PUBLIC PLACES AND IS A COLLECTION OF E-WASTE GENERATED ON CAMPUS AND COLLECTED BY STUDENTS. PHOTO CREDIT: ISLAND STUDIOS PHOTOGRAPHY (STUART GOBEY)
It’s an undisputed fact – a well-designed daylighting strategy lifts performance in everything from student test scores to retail sales*. But harsh direct sunlight, when left unchecked creates glare on monitors, raises room temperatures and pushes human performance downward. Translucent skylights and curtainwall from Major soften
& Technology, says that the dean of FAU’s College of Engineering and Computer Science wanted the new facility to achieve LEED Platinum from the outset. “He and FAU believe that sustainability is the responsible thing to do, and it helps to ensure an environment conducive to learning,” says Thomas. “And the dean also wanted to make sure we put engineering on display.” So, that’s exactly what the design team did. Systems in the main mechanical room, like the heat exchangers and chilled water pumps, are color coded per the university’s standards for its mechanical systems and put on display for the students. This allows the students to get firsthand knowledge of what the systems look like, while a touchpad allows the students to interact with the system. “We got a LEED point for Measurement and Verification for the checkpoints throughout the system that enable real-time monitoring of the system. The idea is for faculty to start implementing coursework that makes students go and mine the information from the systems. What we tried to do is make the building smart where things can be controlled, but also where it can be measured and verified for student coursework.” Another example of “engineering on display” can be viewed from the lobby of a student study area where the pipes and ventilation system used throughout the building are visible. Additionally, rainwater runoff is visible as it descends from the rooftop on its way to replenish Florida’s aquifer thanks to transparent piping on the first floor. The rooftop garden is irrigated by water held in two cisterns on the ground floor. Water in the cisterns is comprised of condensation from the air-conditioning system.
light, moderate temperatures and keep buildings and occupants alike performing at peak levels.
888-759-2678 | www.majorskylights.com
SKYLIGHTS AND TRANSLUCENT CURTAINWALL * Heschong Mahone Group, Inc. 1999
© Major Industries, 2011
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FAU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE BUILDING Location: Boca Raton, Fla. Size: 96,000 square feet Dedicated: November 2010 Certification: LEED Platinum Design Team Architect: Leo A Daly. MEP Engineer: Affiliated Engineers SE Inc. Structural Engineer: OMN&J Inc. Landscape Architect: James Santiago Civil Engineer: Miller Legg LEED Consultant: Green Building Services
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FAU’s College of Engineering and Computer Science building makes use of a chilled beam system to condition the air. While the technology has been used in Europe and the Pacific Northwest among other places, the use of such a system in South Florida is rare, if not unheard of prior to the FAU project. Substantially reducing the energy used by the facility, the system works by piping chilled water from the university’s central plant through the building to chilled beams placed in the ceiling similar to a light fixture. “The water-source chilled water loop is a much more efficient way to transfer cooling,� says Thomas. “As an example, a one-inch diameter pipe in a chilled beam can carry the same BTU/Hr as a 15-inch x 15-inch conventional air duct. This can reduce required plenum space because the use of chilled beams will reduce the required amount of conventional ductwork and equipment sizes for the associated mechanical systems and chilled water pumps. The chilled beams at the new FAU engineering building do the heavy lifting and are a large part of the overall energy savings for the project. “The latest energy model of the facility forecasts 50 percent less energy usage than the ASHRAE benchmark building,� he adds. “The maintenance on these beams is relatively simple and requires minimum cleaning in much the same way an HVAC diffuser requires cleaning once a year. With minimum maintenance parts, the beams have a high life expectancy.� An added benefit to this type of system is the minimal noise it creates, which is especially helpful in an academic setting.
Challenges to Overcome Thomas adds that a great deal of time was spent researching how to prevent moisture from entering the building due to the threat of condensation if humid air came in contact with the chilled beams. In addition to safeguards that cause the chilled beams to automatically shut down if the relative humidity exceeds the Reader Service No. 105 www.EDCmag.com/webcard
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LEFT: TERRACE OFF THE DEAN’S CONFERENCE AREA. THIS SPACE IS USED FOR FUNDRAISING AND COLLEGE BUSINESS FUNCTIONS. TOP RIGHT: INSTRUMENTATION LAB. BELOW RIGHT: 100-SEAT DISTANCE LEARNING LECTURE HALL. PHOTO CREDIT: ISLAND STUDIOS PHOTOGRAPHY (STUART GOBEY)
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Mechanical APTITUDE
SOUTHEAST ELEVATION OVER THE LINED LAKE. THIS SLOPED ROOF AREA TO THE RIGHT CONTAINS FOOD SERVICE. THE COVERED AREA IN FRONT OF THE FOOD SERVICE IS AN OUTSIDE DINING TERRACE. THE ROOF AREA ABOVE THIS OUTSIDE DINING SPACE CONTAINS PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS THAT FEED INTO THE BUILDING’S POWER USAGE. PHOTO CREDIT: ISLAND STUDIOS PHOTOGRAPHY (STUART GOBEY)
dew point, the integrity of the building envelope at FAU is critical in keeping moisture and vapor drive out. “We used a series of three sealant joints at each building panel joint and elastomeric paint to ensure no vapor or moisture intrusion,” says Thomas. “We hired an outside consultant just to do an envelope review because we wanted to make sure we got the building envelope dried out. We water tested all of the windows and sealants within the building to make sure they were properly installed. We did a lot of testing and had discussions with the university to make sure that those systems were maintained.” But, in the end, LEED Platinum was the most challenging aspect of the project. “To work within an established budget, evaluating systems and making decisions to achieve that prestigious certification while still creating a teaching tool required a great deal of researching of systems,” says Thomas. “We started out by installing passive systems and then layered more advanced systems as we needed. We wanted to make sure all the decisions we made were energy related, cost effective and withstood the test of time.” Thus far, the building has performed as expected. Some tweaks to the systems have been necessary to get the building operating at peak efficiency, but the building has passed the true test of being a learning environment. Today, a steady buzz can be heard throughout the facility. It’s not because of the mechanical systems, but because of the steady hum of activity the unique design and mechanical systems have generated among the faculty and students of FAU. DERRICK TEAL IS EDITOR OF ED+C.
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SPECIAL SECTION
Indo Indoor
Air
Quality
By Maria Rutland, LEED AP ID+C
IAQ After Occupancy ACHIEVING GOOD INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND ENSURING IT DOESN’T END WHEN OCCUPANCY BEGINS.
a
fter more than a decade of sustainable building evolution, we have learned a lot about designing and constructing green buildings. In fact, one of the biggest lessons we’ve learned is that the green construction process does not always result in long-term, or even immediate, green building performance. This is especially true when it comes to achieving good indoor air quality. Fortunately, there are simple steps that project teams and tenants can take during the design, construction and occupancy phases to achieve and maintain optimal indoor air quality performance. “Architects, designers, building owners, facility managers and tenants alike expect that green buildings will be healthier buildings,” says Robert Buscemi, AIA, manager of design review for the Georgia State Financing and Investment Commission. “They also play an integral role in ensuring that indoor air quality will be addressed and maintained.”
Design with Performance in Mind To effectively design for indoor air quality performance, project teams should set the goal of not just meeting, but also exceeding, traditional requirements for lowemitting materials. Sustainable building programs focus primarily on emissions criteria for adhesives/sealants, paints/ coatings, flooring, composite wood, agrifiber products and furniture. This is a great start, but to address the complex issue of chemical emissions and ensure a healthier space, designers must
look beyond these basic categories and require emissions data on all products. “Specifying low-emitting materials is one of the easiest and most impactful steps that design teams can take to create a greener healthier building, and it is typically possible with little-to-no additional cost,” Buscemi says. Taking into account both individual volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions and total volatile organic compound (TVOC) emissions is also a good step. This is because many products that meet emissions limits for individual VOCs can still have a high TVOC emissions footprint. Incorporating an indoor air quality management plan during construction is also a best practice, and this requirement should be clearly articulated in the construction documents.
Measure the Results The next step is to measure indoor air quality performance by conducting an indoor air quality clearance test. This step is crucial to ensuring a healthy space and establishing a baseline for ongoing indoor air quality monitoring. Perform the first test prior to occupancy but after all construc-
tion is complete and all furnishings are installed. Following occupancy, repeat indoor air quality clearance testing after any major renovation project or every three to five years.
Empower End Users to Maintain Good Indoor Air Quality Even the most carefully designed and constructed building can quickly suffer from compromised indoor air quality after occupation if building owners, facility managers and end users are not educated on how to maintain it. “We see it time and time again,” says Allen Post, LEED AP, and architect at Perkins+Will. “We can design the healthiest possible space using all low-emitting materials and carefully ensure the best possible indoor air quality at every step, but it cannot be maintained unless you get the end users of the space involved and educate them on maintenance procedures. Leaving them with the proper tools and knowledge is crucial to ensuring that good indoor air quality does not end when occupancy begins.” To ensure ongoing performance, provide the appropriate training for facility managers and include an indoor air quality maintenance tool
Free Resources Download a copy of GREENGUARD’s indoor air quality management plan template for use during construction
http://www.greenguard.org/en/ architectsDesigners/architects_ template.aspx
EPA and NIOSH recommend that every building manager obtain and use Building Air Quality: A Guide for Building Owners and Facility Managers.
http://www.epa.gov/iaq/ largebldgs/baqtoc.html
The GREENGUARD Product Guide contains listings for over 11,000 low-emitting products from more than 360 manufacturers
www.greenguard.org
kit with project close-out documents. This toolkit should include: Q An outline of procedures and guidelines to ensure ongoing selection and use of lowemitting materials during future renovations and repairs Q An indoor air quality management plan for use during renovation projects Q A green cleaning and pest control plan and training program for operations and maintenance personnel Q A moisture management plan that outlines policies and procedures to promptly address leaks and replace damaged materials that may encourage mold growth Q Policies to address idling vehicles and manage exhaust fumes from loading docks or garages Q Guidelines and training for properly maintaining the HVAC system As sustainable building process continues to evolve, so too should the criteria we use to measure and maintain the green buildings we create. Achieving and maintaining indoor air quality performance requires a few extra steps, but when everyone is educated and involved, all benefit from the result: a healthier, more productive building. MARIA RUTLAND IS A MARKETING SPECIALIST AT THE GREENGUARD ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTE. SHE WORKS DIRECTLY WITH MANUFACTURERS OF GREENGUARD-CERTIFIED PRODUCTS DESIGNED FOR USE IN COMMERCIAL SPACES, EDUCATING THEIR INTERNAL SALES FORCES AND COMMUNICATIONS PERSONNEL ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF LOW-EMITTING PRODUCTS IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT. SHE CAN BE REACHED AT MRUTLAND@GREENGUARD.ORG. www.EDCmag.com
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Indoor ndo
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Quality
By Mark Rossolo
Legislative Trends THE LAWS OF SUSTAINABILITY AND GREEN BUILDING.
d
uring the last year, a number of trends have emerged among local governments as to how to encourage (sometimes even mandate) green building practices, as well as how to enforce the development of healthier, more sustainable products. First, a handful of states across the country (specifically, Rhode Island, Maryland, Florida and South Carolina) have either enacted or proposed legislation that focuses on the new International Green Construction Code (IgCC). In fact,
both Maryland and Rhode Island have already passed legislation incorporating the use of the IgCC: While Maryland was the first state to allow the IgCC to be adopted as a building code (giving authority to local jurisdictions to adopt all or select portions of it),
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Rhode Island’s bill was the first to formally recognize the IgCC in any state, local or federal legislation. Yet, because the IgCC is still under development, what remains to be seen is how governments will adopt it once it’s finalized. The intent was to allow states to incorporate the IgCC into their own building codes; however, if current bills are any indication, such might not be the case. In Rhode Island, for example, lawmakers have deemed the IgCC a standalone green building program, allowing IgCC-compliant projects to also comply with a
state law that originally required publicly funded buildings be LEED or Green Globes certified. In other words, in Rhode Island, the IgCC is the equivalent of a green building rating system. In Florida, lawmakers are debating a similar bill — HB 849 — that also seeks to
add the IgCC to Florida’s existing definition of a green building. What’s interesting is that green building rating tools, like LEED, rely on an elaborate point structure which essentially gives the building a grade if a certain amount of sustainable attributes are incorporated into a building. This is very different than a building code — even a green one — like the IgCC. So, how the implementation of the final version of the IgCC will pan out remains to be seen. Second, many states are looking at ways to promote and increase the use of environmental purchasing programs (EPP). At the time this article was written, there were more than 20 pieces of legislation across the country proposing to establish various types of EPPs. These bills vary in terms of stringency of the programs, products covered, and types of purchases that must comply, but all of them include requirements that human health and/or product toxicity criteria are included in the EPP. Additionally, many of the green purchasing proposals are specific to schools, underscoring a growing understanding among policymakers of the importance of good indoor air quality in learning environments. The third trend that has emerged is a nationwide, concerted effort to push for the elimination of bisphenol-A (BPA) in children’s products, such as baby bottles, toys and other products typically used by children under the age of three. Research has shown that BPA is an endocrine disruptor that’s tied to heart disease, diabetes and a host of other health problems.
THESE BILLS VARY IN TERMS OF STRINGENCY OF THE PROGRAMS, PRODUCTS COVERED, AND TYPES OF PURCHASES THAT MUST COMPLY, BUT ALL OF THEM INCLUDE REQUIREMENTS THAT HUMAN HEALTH AND/OR PRODUCT TOXICIT Y CRITERIA ARE INCLUDED IN THE EPP. Since young children and infants are at a particularly high risk for BPA exposure, environmental groups around the country have spearheaded a movement to eradicate the use of BPA in products designed for young children. As a result, there are more than 50 proposed pieces of legislation that aim to eliminate the use of BPA. And while the passage of these bills has been slow, proponents have vowed to continue pushing for the ban of BPA until strict laws are enacted. Whether all of the BPA-free bills end up passing this year is unclear, but by all indications, BPA will likely be banned from most — if not all — products designed for young children in the near future. MARK ROSSOLO IS THE DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS FOR THE GREENGUARD ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTE. HE LEADS GREENGUARD’S STRATEGIC OUTREACH AND ADVOCACY EFFORTS, REPRESENTING GREENGUARD ON THE NATIONAL, STATE AND LOCAL LEVELS AND CAMPAIGNS ON BEHALF OF THE ORGANIZATION TO DRIVE PUBLIC AWARENESS ABOUT INDOOR AIR QUALITY ISSUES. HE CAN BE REACHED AT MROSSOLO@GREENGUARD.ORG.
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SPECIAL SECTION
Indoor ndo
A ir
Quality
By Rachel Belew
Performance Vs. Prescriptive HOW SHOULD THE SUCCESS OF A GREEN BUILDING BE DETERMINED?
s
hould the success of a green building be determined by the extent to which its project team follows prescriptive design and construction guidelines, or by the completed building’s overall environmental performance? It’s a burning question that’s forefront in the minds of many green building and design professionals right now — fueled, in large part, by a highprofile class-action lawsuit that was recently filed against the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC). At the time of this writing, the plaintiff in the case, mechanical systems designer Henry Gifford, alleges that Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certified buildings — which the USGBC markets as high-performance, energy-saving spaces — don’t actually save energy at all, and that, in fact, they consume more energy than comparable, conventionally built buildings. It is well known that LEED certification for new buildings is achieved when a project team submits documentation to the Green Building Certification Institute (GBCI) attesting to its compliance with prescriptive methods of design and construction. If, after evaluating the documentation, the GBCI accepts it, then LEED certification is awarded; no building performance data is required. (Note: In 2009, the USGBC began requiring the submittal of annual energy performance data as a certification maintenance requirement; however, that data is currently kept out of the public domain.) At its most fundamental level, then, Gifford’s lawsuit
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against the USGBC challenges the act of awarding LEED certification to buildings that do not have performance data to support their claims.
Why Make Such a ‘Stink’? While the intricacies of Gifford’s lawsuit are tangential to this article, the overall premise of the case highlights a key issue in the realm of sustainable construction and design: Prescriptive measures alone are simply not sufficient for determining a green building’s success. The inherent problem with relying solely on prescriptive tools when building green can be illustrated by the following example: Let’s say a project team earns the minimum number of LEED points required to obtain a single indoor air quality-related credit — say, EQ Credit 4.3: Low-Emitting Materials. That credit is just enough to push the project team over the point threshold necessary to achieve LEED certification. In light of this fact, the project team decides that it’s unnecessary to pursue EQ Credit 3.2: Construction IAQ Management Plan Before Occupancy, which calls for either a building flush-out or a baseline indoor air quality test (which is the only way to effectively assess whether occupant exposure to airborne contaminants has, in fact, been reduced). Subsequently, the building achieves LEED certification, and it is implied that the building offers a “healthy” indoor environment — despite having no hard data to support the claim. “No one’s denying that prescriptive guidelines are a great start, but there’s got to be some follow-
through,” says Henning Bloech, executive director of the GREENGUARD Environmental Institute. “A university would never award a diploma to a student without having evaluated his or her academic performance over time — even if the student had gone to every class, listened to every lecture and completed every assignment, as prescribed. It just wouldn’t be appropriate. The same goes for green building rating systems.” One of the biggest problems with relying only on prescriptivebased IAQ assessments is that project teams can cherry-pick which credits to pursue based on the number of remaining credits needed to achieve certification. In LEED for New Construction, for example, low-emitting flooring systems, low-emitting materials (e.g., paints/coatings, adhesives/ sealants and insulation), and low-emitting furniture are three distinct credits. Unfortunately, because indoor air is an extremely fragile and dynamic environment, ensuring optimal indoor air quality requires a lot more than the use of just one or two low-
emitting products. As a result, the project team may be left with a certified “green” building that has compromised indoor air quality. “We can’t afford to just gloss over this issue. We’re talking about our health, here,” says Dr. Marilyn Black, GREENGUARD’s founder. “There have been a number of tests done on occupied, certified ‘green’ buildings that demonstrate that the buildings have poor indoor air quality. Had the indoor air quality data been collected prior to occupancy, steps could have been taken to mitigate the problem and avoid putting occupants’ health at risk.”
The Future Looks Optimistic Fortunately, a growing number of sustainable building rating experts, code officials and standards developers are beginning to recognize that green buildings must incorporate both prescriptive and performance metrics to be successful — and not just to evaluate energy efficiency. Indeed, water consumption, waste reduction and indoor air quality alike can all
be addressed and evaluated through a combination of prescriptive and performance metrics. “We can’t just talk the talk. We’ve got to walk the walk,” says Bloech. “What’s the harm in proving whether prescriptive measures reap the intended results? If they do, great: We know we’re succeeding. And if they don’t, that’s okay, too, because it gives us the opportunity to fix what’s broken.” RACHEL BELEW IS THE PUBLIC RELATIONS AND COMMUNICATIONS MANAGER FOR THE GREENGUARD ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTE. SHE WRITES FREQUENTLY ON ISSUES CONCERNING HEALTH IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND HAS PUBLISHED NUMEROUS ARTICLES ON GREEN BUILDING AND SUSTAINABLE DESIGN. SHE CAN BE REACHED AT RBELEW@GREENGUARD.ORG.
CURRENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA Examples of performance-based criteria in green building rating systems and codes.
By Josh Jacobs, LEED AP BD+C ASHRAE 189.1 The importance of both prescriptive and performance criteria was top of mind for the committee that developed ASHRAE 189.1. Within the Site Sustainability, Water Use Efficiency, Energy Efficiency, Indoor Environmental Quality, Building’s Impact on the Atmosphere, Materials, and Resources sections of ASHRAE 189.1, there are not only mandatory provisions that must be met, but also a prescriptive or performance option. Examples include the following: Q Site Sustainability: If the project is in an existing building envelope, a minimum of 20 percent of the average annual rainfall on the development footprint shall be managed through infiltration. Q Energy Efficiency: When compared to a building constructed to prescriptive options, the building must have an equal or lower annual energy cost, carbon dioxide equivalent and peak electric demand. Q Indoor Environmental Quality: Daylighting simulation must show an illuminance of at least 30 foot candles on a plane three feet above the floor, within 75 percent of the area of the daylight zones. International Green Construction Code (IgCC) At the time of this writing, performance-based criteria are written throughout the IgCC. Here are some examples: Q The Energy Metering, Monitoring, and Reporting section helps people understand how much energy the sustainable building consumes. Q The Building Performance-Based Compliance section requires that multiple buildings on the building site be equipped with one or more renewable energy systems that have the capacity to provide not less than two percent of the total calculated annual energy use of the collective buildings. Q The Building Flush-Out section requires that the level of certain airborne chemicals not exceed specific requirements if the building is to have good indoor air quality. LEED In an effort to move LEED toward performance-based criteria, the USGBC has rolled out some performance-related pilot credits that, if fulfilled, can be applied in the current generation of LEED: Q Pilot Credit 25: Water Metering & Reporting asks the project team to meter all water conveyed to the project (regardless of source) and install submetering on tenant spaces, cooling towers, HVAC systems, boilers and landscape irrigations that plan on using 100,000 gallons or more of water along with other systems. Q Pilot Credit 26: Advanced Energy Metering calls for the permanent installation of advanced energy metering systems to record data at one-hour intervals and transmit the data wirelessly to a remote location. The data must be shared with USGBC or USGBC’s Building Performance Partnership. Q Pilot Credit 27: Reconcile Designed and Actual Energy Performance requires that building tenants be involved with a measurement and verification program that compares predicted energy usage with actual energy performance. This program must cover at least one year of postconstruction occupancy, and a finalized contract(s) must be in place for all services necessary to execute the program.
JOSH JACOBS IS THE TECHNICAL INFORMATION MANAGER AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS MANAGER AT GREENGUARD. HE CAN BE REACHED AT JJACOBS@GREENGUARD.ORG.
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SPECIAL SECTION
Indoor ndo
A ir
Quality
By Tanya Barry
Product Development DEVELOPING HEALTHIER PRODUCTS, ESPECIALLY THOSE THAT ADDRESS IAQ.
w
hen it comes to ensuring that products won’t negatively affect the health of the consumer, the onus is on the manufacturer. Government regulations and requirements for manufacturers
can be a good place to start. But, these regulations are far from comprehensive, and they often fail to address critical health risks, such as product emissions — a major contributor to respiratory and other health problems. Many products and materials emit potentially danger-
ous levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Inhalation exposure to VOCs and other pollutants can prompt a variety of health symptoms, including upper respiratory infections, headaches, nosebleeds, nausea, and in rare cases, even reproductive disorders, developmental disorders and cancer. A 2008 survey commissioned by the GREENGUARD Environmental Institute indicated that two-thirds (66 percent) of consumers understand poor indoor air quality (IAQ) can have a moderate to severe impact on their health. So, it takes initiative on the part of manufacturers to go above and beyond basic governmental regulations to ensure that their products are safe and healthy for use in indoor spaces. Product emissions testing and certification are two ways to do that; however, timing of these processes is critical to success.
A Critical Part of the Process The typical manufacturing development process begins with research, production process planning and resource mapping. Then, preliminary designs are issued and success measurements put in place. Budgets are fixed and details finalized before finished designs and prototypes are created. In the great manufacturing chain, these processes and timelines are vital to economic efficiency and productivity. If product emissions testing or certification is tacked onto the end of an already aggressive manu-
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facturing schedule, there could be even less time and money allocated for addressing critical chemical emissions issues. Product redevelopment or unexpected changes in the manufacturing process become kinks in the chain, costing the manufacturer deep setbacks in hours and dollars. Instead, voluntary product emissions testing and IAQ certification should be incorporated into manufacturing schedules as part of the manufacturing process itself. This enables manufacturers to apply the emissions test results toward the improvement of the product. Aside from identifying and addressing potential emissions hazards, there are other benefits manufacturers can glean from proactive testing: Q Insight into the supply chain: How are formulations or reformulations affecting product emissions? Are purchasing decisions influencing the emissions of the product? Q Window into the manufacturing process: What has changed within the manufacturing system itself? Is there a correlation between time, rate of productivity and product performance? Q Cost effective quality control: Are changes in materials or components impacting product integrity? Q Progressive and preventative design solutions: How can the product exceed safety, efficacy and health expectations? Is there a strategy in place to optimize product engineering for low or no emissions?
Product Emissions Testing It’s important to understand the complexity behind product emissions testing, as well as the importance of third-party verification. First, environmental chamber technology is used to collect air samples from a product or material during an established range of time. An air purification system cleans the incoming air of all measurable pollutants before it enters the chamber. Then, air circulates around the product, simulating an indoor environment setting. The chemicals that outgas from the product homogenously mix into the chamber air. Air samples are collected, and chemical analyses of the air samples are completed using highly sophisticated analytical chemistry methods that are tailored to the product. Specialized testing and research laboratories, like those of Air Quality Sciences Inc. (AQS), are known for meticulous reports and calculations that specify emissions measurements to the one-billionth part. Every compound emitted is identified by its own distinct chemical pattern, and total emissions volume and emission rates are established for each. From there, third-party organizations, such as the GREENGUARD Certification Program or Germany’s Blue Angel program, can compare test results to various product emissions standards and certify products as having met or exceeded those standards. This independent certification enhances marketplace differentiation by communicating a manufacturer’s commitment to health and wellbeing.
grams like the GREENGUARD Certification Program have spurred design trends toward the selection and use of low-emitting materials and furnishings. This movement toward healthy products continues to encourage healthy IAQ and drive product manufacturers to embrace the positive transformation that comes with emissions testing and certification.
TANYA BARRY IS A MARKETING SPECIALIST FOR THE GREENGUARD ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTE. SHE COMMUNICATES THE IMPORTANCE OF HEALTHY INDOOR AIR QUALITY TO PRODUCT MANUFACTURERS ACROSS MULTIPLE INDUSTRIES. BARRY IS AN ACTIVE MEMBER OF THE INDOOR AIR QUALITY ASSOCIATION (IAQA). SHE CAN BE REACHED AT TBARRY@GREENGUARD.ORG.
When it comes to sustainable construction, knowledge power. g is super p p Julie Buffe Buffenbarger, uffenbarger, FACI, CI, LEED AP BD+C B Lafarge Cemen Cement ment
Transformation Process Product emissions testing during the development process allows manufacturers to assess product toxicity and identify source pollutants of concern unlike any other safety or effectiveness evaluation. Based on emissions test results, manufacturers can: Q Implement pollution prevention techniques to eliminate certain pollutants Q Reduce overall emissions from the product Q Initiate necessary process modifications or improvements based on sound science Q Address reformulations for optimum indoor air quality Q Gain greater control over product components or materials based on their emissions attributes The future of healthy product manufacturing not only leverages product emissions testing for improved and streamlined development, but it also relies heavily on certification programs to keep IAQ top of mind for manufacturers, facility managers, designers, specifiers and end users. Pro-
Lafarge is about so much more than materials. It’s about the people who stand behind them them. It’s about the people dedicated to transforming materials to adapt to our everyday environment. These are the people of Lafarge. Those who are totally committed to finding sustainable solutions for a better world. Those who collaborate with architects, leading universities, research centers, industry and environmental organizations to make sustainable construction a reality. I’m proud to be one of these people. Join me online where I share my thoughts on helping customers adopt sustainable construction practices.
Visit: www.lafarge-na.com/visitwithme
© 2011 Lafarge North America Inc. LEED and the related logo is a trademark owned by the U.S. Green Building Council and is used with permission.
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27
SPECIAL SECTION
Indoor ndo
A ir
By Barbara L. Epstien, MPH, CIH, and W. Elliott Horner, PhD, LEED AP
Quality
New Materials and IAQ HOW THE INTRODUCTION OF A NEW MATERIAL IMPACTS THE INDOOR AIR QUALITY OF A GREEN BUILDING.
n
ew processes or materials invariably have unanticipated aspects. In the two field studies described below, the use of wet spray-applied cellulose insulation in new home construction as an alternative to fiberglass batt insulation had an undesirable impact on indoor air quality (IAQ), specifically, an ammonia odor problem. There is general consensus that wet spray-applied cellulose insulation needs to be adequately dried prior to installing drywall and thereby closing in the insulated wall. However, drying time will vary with environmental conditions, and we have not found consistency among industry recommendations regarding specific drying criteria or specific procedures for verifying that the insulation is sufficiently dry before closing in the wall. There is also concern about the susceptibility of cellulosecontaining materials, when wet, to support mold growth. Cellulose insulation is flammable; therefore, flame retardants typically are incorporated into the product. Various chemical additives (up to 25 percent by weight) may be used to reduce the flammability of cellulose insulation, including boric acid and other borates and/or ammonium sulfate.1 However, as these case studies illustrate, odor problems may result from cellulose insulation products that contain ammonium sulfate.
General Scope and Observations We evaluated three multistory single-family houses located in
28
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AU G U S T 1 1
two neighborhoods within a metropolitan area in the southeastern U.S. for complaints about irritating ammonia odors. At the time of the site visits, interior finishes were completed, but the houses were not yet occupied. The houses were constructed by different builders, with both using wet spray-applied cellulose wall insulation. When we learned that the installed wall insulation contained ammonium sulfate, the wall insulation became the suspected source of the reported odor. The purpose of the investigations was to determine: (a) whether the wall assemblies in the subject homes were the source of the odor; (b) whether operation of a ventilation system with outdoor air supply affected indoor airborne ammonia levels; and (c) whether airborne ammonia concentrations in the occupied space were capable of causing adverse health effects or were more of a nuisance in nature. In the first case (Residence 1), we conducted both an initial and follow-up evaluation at the request of the developer/builder. This house had an outdoor air intake so that the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system provided dilution ventilation as well as air mixing/heating/ cooling (atypical of residential HVAC systems). At the time of the initial site visit, the HVAC system was installed but not yet operational. A follow-up evaluation was requested after the HVAC system was operational to determine its impact, if any, on airborne ammonia levels. The follow-up was conducted approximately one month after the initial visit, but it
is not known how long the HVAC system was in operation. The second case involved two adjacent houses of identical construction and finishes, with one reportedly exhibiting a stronger odor than the other (Residences 2A/2B, grouped together for the purpose of this article). The HVAC systems in these houses were not yet operational at the time of the site visit, and since a follow-up visit was not requested, their operational impact, if any, in these houses could not be evaluated.
Air Sampling and Interpretation Strategy Air samples were collected from several rooms that exhibited ammonia-like odors and from inside wall cavities that contained the wall insulation. A finding of higher concentrations measured in the wall cavities than in the rooms would be consistent with the ammonia source being in the wall. During the initial evaluation in Residence 1, eight room air samples and ten wall cavity air samples were collected. During the follow-up evaluation in Residence 1, room air sampling was repeated in the same locations as the initial evaluation. However, follow-up wall cavity air sampling was not conducted as the requested purpose of the follow-up visit was to estimate any decrease in room air ammonia levels after starting ventilation. In Residences 2A/2B, a more limited scope of work (including limited sampling) was requested with a total of five room air samples and two wall cavity air samples collected. Common sampling and laboratory analysis methods for indoor air
applications were used. Occupant reactions to lowlevel chemical exposures in non-industrial settings often are non-specific and typically involve multiple factors. Odors are a frequent cause of IAQ complaints. Sensory irritants (chemical substances capable of causing a burning sensation of the eyes, nose and throat), which have long been a concern in occupational environments, are also frequent components and/or causes of IAQ complaints. Therefore, we compared ammonia concentrations found in room air to the odor threshold and to a sensory irritation level derived from published literature. Measured levels were also compared to IAQ screening guidelines derived from established occupational exposure limits. Lastly, room air concentrations also were compared to wall cavity concentrations, to help determine if the source of the ammonia odor was likely in the walls. The guidelines used for comparison are: Q Odor Threshold. The published odor threshold for ammonia is 0.9 milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3). 2 Q Sensory Irritation. Using a numeric factor that estimates upper respiratory response to airborne chemical exposure,3, 4 an IAQ sensory irritation guideline for ammonia was determined to be 0.21 mg/m3. Q Occupational Exposure Limits. Standards and guideline levels for numerous substances have been established for industrial exposures.5 However, minimal quantitative ex-
Figure 1: Airborne Ammonia Levels - Residence 1
milligrams per cubic meter
10
Q Wall Q Room Q Follow-up
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
2nd floor, bedroom B
2nd floor, bedroom A
2nd floor, master bedroom
1st floor, great room
1st floor, breakfast nook
1st floor, front room, wall cavity 2
1st floor, front room, wall cavity 1
1st floor, front room
1st floor entry foyer
Garage utility room, basement
Basement bedroom, wall cavity 2
Basement bedroom, wall cavity 1
Basement bedroom
Basement bath
Basement game room
1
Location
18 16 14
Q Wall Q Room
12 10 8 6 4 2
2A - lower level, rear bedroom wall
2A - lower level, wall separating
2B - upstairs bedroom
2B - lower level hallway
2A - master bedroom
0 2A - lower level, laundry room
An ammonia-like odor was present in varying degrees throughout all three houses, although their interiors were clean and visually unremarkable with no obvious sources of ammonia (other than the wall insulation) nor other odorous indoor pollutants observed. Exterior observations did not suggest any likely outdoor sources of ammonia. Figures 1 and 2 show sampling results from Residence 1 and Residences 2A/2B, respectively. Measurable concentrations of ammonia were found in all room and wall cavity air samples in all three houses. Our key findings were: Q Airborne ammonia concentrations were at or above the ammonia odor threshold; Q Ammonia concentrations exceeded the sensory irritation guideline level; Q About half of the room air samples had concentrations above the IAQ exposure guideline level; and Q Concentrations measured in all wall cavity air samples were consistently and substantially higher than concentrations measured in the room air, suggesting that the source of the ammonia was in the walls. Q Follow-up results in Residence 1 suggested that introducing outdoor air ventilation helped reduce airborne ammonia levels in this house.
20
2A - lower level, rear bedroom
Results and Discussion
Figure 2: Airborne Ammonia Levels - Residences 2A/2B
milligrams per cubic meter
posure guidance exists for non-industrial indoor environments such as residential settings. A practice that has been used for evaluating such exposures is to apply one-tenth of the occupational exposure value for a given substance as an IAQ guideline level.6 Employing this approach, an IAQ exposure guideline for ammonia is 1.7 mg/m3 (equivalent to 2.5 parts per million [ppm]).
Location www.EDCmag.com
29
Table 1. Airborne ammonia concentrations: Residence 1 initial and follow-up evaluations. LOCATION
WALL CAVITY, INITIAL ONLY
Basement game room
ROOM AIR, INITIAL
ROOM AIR, FOLLOW UP
mg/m3
ppm
mg/m3
ppm
mg/m3
ppm
8.7
12
1.3
1.9
<0.24
<0.34
Basement bath
—
—
1.3
1.9
<0.23
<0.34
Basement bedroom
—
—
1.8
2.5
<0.24
<0.34
Basement bedroom, wall cavity 1
6.0
8.5
—
—
—
—
Basement bedroom, wall cavity 2
3.2
4.6
—
—
—
—
Garage utility room, basement level
—
—
2.9
4.2
2.1
3.0
1st floor entry foyer
2.1
3.0
—
—
—
—
1st floor, front room
—
—
1.6
2.3
0.65
0.93
1st floor, front room, wall cavity 1
2.4
3.5
—
—
—
—
1st floor, front room, wall cavity 2
9.4
14
—
—
—
—
1st floor, breakfast nook
6.5
9.3
—
—
—
—
1st floor, great room
—
—
1.2
1.7
0.63
0.91
2nd floor, master bedroom
1.8
2.6*
0.96
1.4
<0.23
<0.34
2nd floor, bedroom A
1.8
2.5*
—
—
—
—
2nd floor, bedroom B
4.0
5.7
1.4
2.1
0.36
100%
% of positive samples (ABOVE REPORTING LIMITS) Median value of positive results
3.6
100% 5.2
1.4
0.51 50%
2.0
0.64
0.92
Odor threshold: 0.9 mg/m3 (1.3 ppm) Sensory irritation guideline level: 0.21 mg/m3 (0.3 ppm) IAQ exposure guideline (1/10 TLV): 1.7 mg/m3 (2.5 ppm) mg/m3 = milligrams per cubic meter, ppm = parts per million, < indicates less than analytical reporting limit, — indicates not sampled, *ppm values differ due to rounding
Table 2. Airborne ammonia concentrations: Residences 2A and 2B. LOCATION
WALL CAVITY
ROOM AIR
mg/m3
ppm
mg/m3
Residence 2A - lower level, rear bedroom
—
—
3.0
4.3
Residence 2A - lower level, laundry room
—
—
4.0
5.8
Residence 2A – master bedroom
—
—
2.9
4.2
Residence 2B – lower level hallway
—
—
2.1
3.0
Residence 2B – upstairs bedroom
—
—
1.7
2.5
Residence 2A – lower level, wall separating garage and living space
8.7
12
—
—
Residence 2A – lower level, rear bedroom wall
19
27
—
—
13.9
19.5
2.9
4.2
Median value of results
ppm
Odor threshold: 0.9 mg/m3 (1.3 ppm) Sensory irritation guideline level: 0.21 mg/m3 (0.3 ppm) IAQ exposure guideline (1/10 TLV): 1.7 mg/m3 (2.5 ppm) mg/m3 = milligrams per cubic meter, ppm = parts per million, — indicates not sampled
While a follow-up evaluation was not conducted at Residences 2A/2B, we learned that the builder subsequently had actively dehumidified both houses for about three weeks. This presumably reduced moisture content in the installed wall insulation as a function of reduced relative humidity, and the reported odor had acceptably diminished.
30
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AU G U S T 1 1
Conclusions and Implications Wet spray-applied cellulose wall insulation that had been treated with ammonium sulfate for fire retardancy was deemed to be the likely source of the ammonia odor and elevated airborne ammonia concentrations in the three newly constructed houses. The possible impact of moisture levels in the
insulation on any emission of ammonia from this material remains controversial. Proper and prompt drying is important for any construction material that is wet spray applied, as is maintaining dry conditions. Establishing critical levels of moisture content (i.e., what is “dry”) is essential and needs to be better defined for this material, especially in humid climates.
The introduction of new technology or novel applications of existing technology can lead to unintended and sometimes undesirable consequences. This observation extends to sustainable building techniques as well. In the present study, application of a green material apparently led to an IAQ problem. This does not warrant avoidance of the material, but rather indicates the need for alert and aware adaptation of any new material or process. References
1. Insulation Facts #14 – Wet-Spray Cellulose Insulation Systems, Pub. No. B1460 8/98. http://www.naima. org, North American Insulation Manufacturers Association: Alexandria, VA (accessed 7/13/06). 2. Devos, M.; Patte, F.; Rouault, J.; Laffort, P.; vanGermert, L.J. 1990. Standardized Human Olfactory Thresholds. New York: Oxford University Press. 3. Kane, L.E.; Barrow, C.S.; Alarie, Y. 1979. “A short-term test to predict acceptable levels of exposure to airborne sensory irritants.” Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 40(3), 207-229. 4. Schaper, M. 1993. “Development of a database for sensory irritants and its use in establishing occupational exposure limits. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 54(9), 488-544. 5. TLVs and BEIs Based on the Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents & Biological Exposure Indices. 2010. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists: Cincinnati. 6. Wallingford, K.M. 1990. “Industrial hygiene guidelines for the investigation of indoor air quality complaints.” In Indoor Air ’90, Precedings of the 5th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate: Ottawa. 5: 131-132. BARB EPSTIEN IS MANAGING PRINCIPAL / INDUSTRIAL HYGIENIST WITH EPSTIEN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES LLC (E2R) IN MARIETTA, GA. SHE IS ALSO A FOUNDING MEMBER OF AIHA’S GREEN BUILDING WORKING GROUP. PLEASE ADDRESS CORRESPONDENCE TO: BARB EPSTIEN, E2R, PO BOX 682183, MARIETTA, GA, 300680037; E-MAIL: BARB@EPSTIENENV.COM. ELLIOTT HORNER IS PRINCIPAL CONSULTANT WITH AIR QUALITY SCIENCES, INC. IN MARIETTA, GA. HE IS ALSO AN ORIGINAL MEMBER OF ASTM COMMITTEE E60 ON SUSTAINABILITY.
Š 2010 CertainTeed Corporation
TM
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Product SpeciďŹ cations AirRenewâ&#x201E;˘ is produced in 1/2" (12.7 mm) and 5/8" (15.9 mm) Type X thicknesses. 4' (1220 mm) width and 8', 10' and 12' (2440, 3050, 3660 mm) lengths. Installation is fast, easy and efďŹ cient. Product
Product Standards
Federal Standard SS-L-30d
AirRenewâ&#x201E;˘
ASTM C 1396 / CAN/CSA-A82.27
Type VII Grade W (1/2") Type VII Grade W, X (5/8")
Application Standards ASTM C 840, GA-216 CAN/CSA-A82.31
1/2" (12.7 mm), 5/8" (15.9 mm) AirRenewâ&#x201E;˘ Widths, ft ( mm) Standard Lengths, ft (mm)
4 (1220) 8, 10, 12 (2440, 3050, 3660)
Edges
Tapered
Mold Resistance Rating*** (ASTM D 3273 and G 21)
10 and 0
Flame Spread /Smoke Developed (ASTM E 84 / CAN/ULC-S102) Core
5/5 Type X â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 5/8" (15.9 mm)
* Patent pending ** VOCs (volatile organic compounds) - formaldehyde and other aldehydes. *** No mold growth detected. Note â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 10 and 0, respectively, are the best scores possible for these tests.
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32
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AU G U S T 1 1
Gateway Community & Technical College, Boone Campus for KCTCS, Mt. Zion, KY photo: Frank Doring www.doeringphoto.com
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MAXXON MVP
3. Product Description Maxxon MVP is a unique 2-component, moisture tolerant, low viscosity, solvent free, chemically enhanced epoxy based product which reduces the passage of water vapor and moisture through slabs on or below grade, thus eliminating delamination of adhesives, floor coverings and coatings. MVP reduces water vapor transmission levels of up to 25 lbs/24 hrs•1000 ft² to 3 lbs or less for the installation of most floor covering systems including VCT, sheet vinyl, carpets, wood, laminates, epoxy, terrazzo, & synthetic. Note: Use Maxxon DPM in case of capillary infiltration of oil or other chemicals from the ground or to treat oil contaminated slabs. 4. Technical Data Physical Properties: Material & Color: ........ 2-component,clear epoxy Density, U.S. lb/gal .................................9.08 Kg/L ............................... 1.09 ± 0.02 VOC Content, g/l ............................................. 0 Volume Solids .......................................... 100% Flash Point: Part A .......... >212°F (>100°C) Part B .......... >248°F (>120°C) Mixing Ratio ......................... 100:50 (by weight) Viscosity........... (600±80 mPa*s) at 77°F (25°C) Pot Life, approx. ........35 Minutes at 73°F (23°C) Open to Foot Traffic .. after 12hrs at 73°F (23°C) Recoat Time ............................. minimum 12hrs At 73°F max. 5 days, observe dew point Working Temperature ....................50°F to 95°F (10°C to 35°C) Curing Temperature ........ minimum 50°F (10°C) Full Strength ........... after 7 days at 73°F (23°C)
36
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AU G U S T 1 1
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6. Typical Applications Water-Vapor Transmission: Concrete slabs, cementitious underlayment (other than gypsum) and ceramic tiles with missing or damaged under-slab vapor barriers. Fresh concrete slabs: x 5 day old concrete slabs. (Keep in mind that shrinkage cracks in the concrete may occur.) Areas of application: x Slabs x Industrial/retail facilities x Office buildings x Hospitals and schools x Food processing plants. Call Maxxon for: x Slabs with floor heating x Residential slabs below grade & garages. 7. Features & Benefits x Vapor & water barrier x Compatible with most flooring systems x One-coat system with no sand
August 2011
broadcast Reduces moisture vapor emission rates of up to 25 lbs to 3 lbs or less Minimal downtime Next day flooring system installation Covers new concrete (min. 5 days old; keep in mind shrinkage cracks may occur) Can be applied to damp concrete High alkalinity barrier (pH 13-14 Low viscosity Does not support mold growth Indoors: low odor and nonflammable VOC Content of 0 g/L Helps contribute to LEED® Credit IEQ 4.2
8. Testing for Contaminants Request owner of facility to test slabs with unknown history for contaminants (i.e. hydrocarbons, other organic compounds, un-reacted silicates, ASR, Sulfurous compounds, etc.) to determine suitability for MVP. If slabs test positive Maxxon DPM may be recommended in lieu of MVP, or neither one may be appropriate. Provide Ion Chromatography and IR Spectroscopy data before commencing application. 9. Water-Vapor Emission Testing Maxxon strongly recommends “Anhydrous Calcium Chloride” testing as per ASTM F 1869-98 on slabs to be treated, to determine the MVER (moisture vapor emission rate) in lb/24 hrs•1000 ft2 (grams/hr•m2). Alternately determine RH content (%) as per ASTM F 2170. The testing must be carried out before application of MVP to obtain Maxxon warranty. Note: MVER fluctuates within slab areas, and can have significant seasonal variations (i.e. in Nov./Dec. 6 lbs and in July/Aug. 16 lbs or more).
SAMPLE WATER VAPOR TRANSMISSION REDUCTION - TEST: ASTM E 96-95 Test Results Test carried out by independent laboratory
Water Vapor Transmission i lbs/24hrs * 1000 ft2 i grams/hr * m2 Permeance:
* perms
BEFORE: Untreated Control Wet Method
AFTER: Maxxon MVP Wet Method
REDUCTION
Average of 6 samples
24.08 4.89
0.61 0.12
16.95 9.69 x 10-07
0.43 2.64 x 10-08
97%
97%
You can’t specify duct liners with greater recycled content* ToughGard ® T Textile Duct Liner and ToughGard ® R Rotary Duct Liner With recycled content of at least 60%, ToughGard® T and ToughGard® R combine strong green profiles with unparalleled performance. ToughGard duct liners deliver excellent thermal performance to keep cool air cooler and warm air warmer. Their enhanced airstream surface provides best-in-class moisture resistance and withstands rough handling during installation and cleaning. An EPA-registered anti-microbial agent reduces the potential for microbial growth. The growing importance of LEED® and other green building standards requires that every product pull its weight in terms of reduced environmental impact. CertainTeed ToughGard liners do just that. *Recycled content comparisons based on published website detail as of August 2009.
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Spec Sheet
ED+C
Advertorial
August 2011
ToughGard®T Textile Duct Liner Basic Use:
TECHNICAL DATA
ToughGardT Duct Liner is used primarily as an acoustical liner in HVAC sheet metal ducts to absorb unwanted crosstalk, equipment and air rush noise.
Applicable Standards:
This product can be used in most types of comfort heating and cooling duct systems, operating at velocities up to 6,000 fpm (30.5 m/s) and temperatures to 250˚F (121˚C).
Benefits: ToughGardT Duct Liner is more water repellent than standard duct liners. This product is durable, abuse resistant and easy to clean. In addition, ToughGardT Duct Liner provides excellent thermal properties, exhibits low air flow resistance and meets all applicable fire resistance standards and building code requirements. This product has a factory-applied edge coating that ensures sealing of the transverse edges as per SMACNA and NAIMA Installation Standards. The product can be precision cut using both manual and automatic cutting equipment.
Composition and Materials: Composed primarily of long, textile-type glass fibers (with an average of 75% recycled content) firmly bonded together with a thermosetting resin overlaid with an extremely tough and durable fire-resistant, black composite surface on the air stream side. The airstream surface contains an EPA registered antimicrobial agent in order to reduce the potential of microbial growth that may affect this product. The antimicrobial properties are intended to only protect this product.
STANDARD SIZES Nominal Thickness
Product Type ToughGard T
ASTM1
150 Density: 1.6 pcf (24 kg/m3) 200 Density: 2.0 pcf (32 kg/m3) 300 Density: 3.0 pcf (48 kg/m3)
I
Length
in.
mm
ft.
m
1
25
50 & 100
15.2 & 30.5
1½
38
100
30.5
2
51
50
15.2
1/2
13
100
30.5 15.2 & 30.5
1
25
50 & 100
1/2
13
100
30.5
1
25
50 & 100
15.2 & 30.5
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VËË ÁjË ?ã?ÁaË ?ÄÄ xW?Í ] (UL 723, ASTM E84, NFPA 255) VËË® !Ê2 .¤åÔ oo¯ Max. Flame Spread Index: 25 Max Smoke Developed Index: 50 VËË ÍjaË MÖÄÍ M j]Ë®! + ËÔy ¯ ËÏ^yååË ÍÖÊ M Physical/Chemical Properties: VËË0 jÁ ? Ë+jÁw Á ? Wj] See table on the left.
VËË W ÖÄÍ W? Ë+jÁw Á ? Wj] See table on the left. VËË#¬jÁ?Í ~Ë ÍÄ] Temperature: (ASTM C411) Max. 250°F (121°C) VËË ÁË7j W Íß]Ë® .0 Ë ¤åȤ^Ë2 ¤o¤¯ Max. 6,000 fpm (30.5 m/s) VËË8?ÍjÁË7?¬ ÁË. Á¬Í ]Ë® .0 Ë ¤¤å|¯ Width ≤ 3% by weight in. mm VËË ÁÁ Ä Üj jÄÄ]Ë® .0 Ë ÉÉy¯ Pass VËË ?WÍjÁ ?Ë-jÄ ÄÍ? Wj]Ë® .0 Ë ÔÔ¯ No Growth VËË Ö ~ Ë-jÄ ÄÍ? Wj]Ë (ASTM C1338 & ASTM G21) 24 to 72 610 to 1829 Pass; No Growth in 1/4" in 6 mm increments* increments VËË8?ÍjÁË-j¬j j WßË-?Í ~ ≥ 4 (INDA IST 80.6-92)
1) Classification per ASTM C107: Type I is roll form; Type II is sheet form *Not all widths between 24" and 72" are standard. Please contact CertainTeed for the standard sizes. *Made-To-Order sizes are available and subject to an upcharge, additional lead time and minimum quantities.
38
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!Ê . y¤±¤¤ Ô¯ VËË ÁjË.?wjÍßË.Í? a?ÁaÄ]Ë Ë®! + Ë å ^Ë! + Ë å ¯ Fire Resistance:
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Bona TrafďŹ c HDâ&#x201E;˘ Offers unsurpassed durability, superior chemical resistance and the ultimate in scuff and scratch resistance for extremely heavy trafďŹ c on commercial ďŹ&#x201A;oors. s 3IGNIlCANTLY OUTPERFORMS ALL URETHANE lNISHES INCLUDING "ONA 4RAFlCÂŽ, in durability at 24 hours s 5NSURPASSED SCUFF SCRATCH AND CHEMICAL RESISTANCE AT FULL CURE s &IRST AND ONLY '2%%.'5!2$ #HILDREN 3CHOOLS3- #ERTIlED mOOR lNISH s 6ERY LOW 6/#S LESS THAN MEETS THE CRITERIA FOR ,%%$ %1C V s 6ERY LOW ODOR Reader Service No. 94 www.EDCmag.com/webcard
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3NAP TO WATCH A BRIEF VIDEO about Bona TrafďŹ c HDâ&#x201E;˘ NOW
By An dy Kru se
Feel the
BREEZE What to research when considering wind energy for higher education.
IN 2008, COCONINO COMMUNITY COLLEGE IN FLAGSTAFF, ARIZ., CELEBRATED EARTH DAY WITH THE INSTALLATION OF A SKYSTREAM 3.7 WIND TURBINE DONATED BY SOUTHWEST WINDPOWER. THE TURBINE IS EXPECTED TO PRODUCE AN AVERAGE OF 4,800 KWH A YEAR, ENOUGH TO POWER THREE AVERAGE-SIZED OFFICES ON CAMPUS. IMAGES COURTESY OF SOUTHWEST WINDPOWER.
L
ately, there has been an increased movement among higher education institutions to improve their environmental stewardship and embrace more renewable energy technologies. This is partially due to recent challenges and commitments, such as the American College & University President’s Climate Commitment
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(APUPCC), an environmental initiative that is accelerating progress toward climate neutrality and sustainability by empowering the higher education sector to educate students, create innovative solutions and serve as a role model for the rest of society. To help comply with the goals set forth by the APUPCC and other similar challenges, many universities are turning to wind power as part of their sustainability solution. In addition
to producing one of the cleanest, emissionsfree sources of electricity, a properly sited and well-maintained wind turbine can produce a wealth of savings and learning for an educational institution.
Siting for Success Determining a viable site for a wind turbine is the first and most important step in the installation process. There are many vari-
ables to consider when evaluating a potential site, including wind speed, topography, accessibility and other environmental and visual impacts.
Need for Speed Wind speed is arguably the most crucial aspect of site assessment. An ideal location should have an average wind speed of at least 12 mph (5.4 m/s). The Federal Wind Siting Information Center provides a variety of wind resource maps, assessments and location-specific wind data to help determine if your region has the necessary wind resources to support a small wind system. However, these maps should only be used as a starting point in your decision-making process, as the actual wind resource on a specific site will vary depending on topography and any structural interference. If onsite data is unavailable, contact a qualified wind energy consultant to visit the property and conduct a site assessment. A professional assessment is also important to help gauge any interference that can impact a site’s average wind speed. Tall obstacles, such as trees and other buildings, can slow the
speed of wind and create turbulence, which reduces the amount of energy that can be captured while also increasing maintenance costs and shortening the life of the turbine due to the additional wear and tear. While the ideal site should be open and at a higher elevation than the surrounding area, steep hills or cliffs can also create turbulence and should be avoided. In addition to adequate wind resources, the following factors should also be considered when planning, locating and designing campus sites for small wind systems:
Transportation and distance. Another important aspect to consider when selecting a site is connection distance. Since electricity generated by the turbine must be fed into the utility grid, identifying sites near existing power lines will save you the expensive costs of building new transmission lines. Additionally, the site for the small wind system must allow access roads to be built for construction and maintenance equipment. Most small wind systems require use of a crane to raise the tower and to lift and place the turbine on top of the tower; therefore, distance and accessibility of the site must be considered prior to installation. Zoning and other restrictions. While universities are less likely to face restrictive local ordinances that sometimes apply to residential communities, it is still important to research the rules and regulations prior to installation to ensure the design of your small wind system meets all zoning requirements. Visual impact. When integrating a small wind system into a campus, it is important to evaluate how the aesthetics of a turbine will fit in with the current buildings and structures. Using similar colors, textures, screening and landscap-
The ORIGINAL Mortar Collection Device Insect Barrier™ provides another layer of protection inside the wall cavity
Breaks mortar up on 2 levels - patented & proven Update your specs today Manufactured with recycled content Will not promote rot, mold or fungus nor react with common materials
UV resistant Insect Barrier Patent Pending
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Reader Service No. 110 www.EDCmag.com/webcard
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41
Feel the
BREEZE
THE CAPITAL AREA TECHNICAL CENTER IN AUGUSTA, MAINE INSTALLED TWO SKYSTREAM 3.7 WIND TURBINES MADE BY SOUTHWEST WINDPOWER. ONE TURBINE SITS ON A 33-FOOT TOWER AND THE OTHER IS INSTALLED ON A 50-FOOT TOWER SO THE STUDENTS CAN STUDY THE DIFFERENCE IN POWER PRODUCTION AT TWO DIFFERENT LEVELS. IN ADDITION TO HELPING WITH THE INSTALLATION AND SITING OF THE TURBINES, THE STUDENTS ARE CONDUCTING A WIND-MONITORING PROJECT USING THE SKYVIEW SOFTWARE THAT IS INCLUDED WITH THE TURBINE. WITH SKYVIEW, THE STUDENTS ARE ABLE TO MONITOR THE TURBINE’S PERFORMANCE AS WELL AS THEIR SCHOOL’S ENERGY CONSUMPTION.
ing that will blend into the natural setting and existing buildings and environment can help minimize this impact. This is especially true in historic settings where preservation of the original architecture and landscape is paramount. Area planning. Before finalizing selection of the installation site, examine the surrounding area for any potential conflicts. While sound generated from wind turbines is minimal, it is advised to choose a location away from well-populated areas like residence halls and student centers. Additionally, avoid any areas of the campus that are close to bird and wildlife protection areas or any other natural or cultural preservation sites. Community opinion. Despite the overwhelming educational and environmental benefits of small wind turbines, it is important to consider the opinion of
the local community. Before beginning installation and construction, survey the local residents, students, faculty and staff to gauge the community’s acceptance level of the turbine. As institutions of higher learning, colleges and universities are recognized as leaders of innovation and technology. Installing small wind turbines on campuses can help reduce the university’s energy costs, educate students and the community about renewable energy technologies, and serve as a visible public commitment to an environmentally sustainable future. ANDY KRUSE IS CO-FOUNDER AND SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT OF MARKETING AT SOUTHWEST WINDPOWER. SOUTHWEST WINDPOWER IS RECOGNIZED AS A GLOBAL LEADER IN THE DESIGN, MANUFACTURING AND DISTRIBUTION OF SMALL WIND SYSTEMS (400-3000 WATTS). VISIT WWW.WINDENERGY.COM FOR MORE INFORMATION.
April 2011
www.EDCmag.com
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Take a moment now and subscribe to receive ED+C and Sustainable Facility in print or digitally today! Your Environmental Source for Facility + Power Management
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Workspaces Made Simple Also inside: Healthcare Facilities
March/April 2011 www.sustainablefacility.com
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The premier source for high-performance buildings and optimal energy and resource management in commercial, institutional and industrial facilities.
Publication
w w w.Su sta in a b le Fa cility.co m /su b scr ib e
DISCOVER THE FULL POTEN CLOSED-CE FOAM INSU INTRODUCING Spray foam insulation offers energy efficiency and design flexibility — but ICYNENE MD-C-200™ medium-density 2.0-lb. closed-cell spray foam offers much more. That’s because our industry-leading building scientists understand more than insulation; they understand overall building envelope performance. From formulation to installation, the experts at Icynene help ensure seamless integration with HVAC and other building system elements. Not only does this optimize energy efficiency, but it also improves durability and moisture management. You might say they’ve perfected the formula for total building performance.
THAT’S NOT JUST BUILDING SCIENCE. THAT’S BUILDING GENIUS.
Nick Xie, Ph.D. Senior R&D Chemist Icynene Inc.
For more information, call
800-758-7325 icynene.com Reader Service No. 152 www.EDCmag.com/webcard
Icynene® is a registered trademark of Icynene Inc. MD-C-200™ is a trademark of Icynene Inc. ©2011 Icynene Inc. All rights reserved.
Spec Sheet
ED+C
Advertorial
August 2011
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LOWE RS FOOT PRINT S . RAIS E S PROF ILE S .
More architects than ever are using our Insulated Metal Panels. The result is an inspiring combination of strength, beauty and efficiency. Metl-Span IMPs feature a urethane foam core with high R-values encased by attractively finished, low-maintenance metal skins. A versatile system that enables you to both lower the carbon footprint of your project and raise your profile as a designer. To specify your own solution, call 877.585.9969 or visit metlspan.com/corevalues now. P I O N E E R I N G
I N S U L A T E D
M E T A L
P A N E L
T E C H N O L O G Y
Reader Service No. 86 www.EDCmag.com/webcard
Spec Sheet
ED+C
Advertorial
August 2011
CF AR C HIT ECT UR AL INS UL AT ED M ET AL WAL L P ANEL
ME T L - S P A N I N S UL A T E D ME T A L P A N E L S
The Metl-Span CF Architectural insulated metal wall panel is ideal for high profile architectural applications. The panels are designed to be installed vertically or horizontally with concealed clips and fasteners in the side joint. CF Architectural wall panels provide a beautiful flush appearance. Available design features include custom widths and preformed and radius corners.
CF ARCHITECTUR AL INSUL ATED M ETAL WALL PANEL FEATURES
Exterior Profile: Architectural flat with flush side joints for high profile projects.
Exterior Facings: Stucco embossed, G-90 galvanized and /or AZ-50 aluminum-zinc coated steel in 22 Ga.
Interior Profile: Light Mesa nominal 1/16" deep
Interior Facings: Stucco embossed, G-90 galvanized and /or AZ-50 aluminum-zinc coated steel in 26 Ga., 24 Ga. and 22 Ga.
Panel Core: Foamed-in-place, Non-CFC & zero ODP polyurethane, Factory Mutual Class I approval Thermal Values: K-factor, Btu in/ft2 hr. °F @ 75°F (24°C) mean core temperature = 0.140. K-factor, Btu in/ft2 hr. °F @ 40°F (4°C) mean core temperature = 0.126. Module Widths: 24", 30", 36"
Panel Joint: Offset double tongue and groove with extended metal shelf for positive face fastening Fastening: Fastener and Clip concealed in the side joint Factory Mutual Approved Class I with no height restrictions.
Panel Thickness: 2", 2 1/2", 3" and 4" Panel Lengths: Standard 8'-0" to 32'-0" FINISHES & COLORS A full range of exterior colors & coatings are available for the architectural market. For specific information about our available colors and coatings, visit us online for a comprehensive selection.
METL-SPAN: Pioneering Insulated Metal Panel Technology 1&! ;PZT_^X]cT 3aXeT BdXcT ;TfXbeX[[T CTgPb &$ $& ~ '&& $'$ ((%( ~ FAX: (&! #! ("'! met ls pan. c om ~ Visit our website or call us today for a free architectural catalog and CAD CD-ROM. Š 2009 Metl-Span LLC - A BlueScope Steel Company. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A.
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METL-09-07-020
STOENERGY GUARD AIR BARRIER WATERPROOF BARRIER VAPOR BARRIER DRAINAGE PLANE DRYING CAVITY EXTERIOR INSULATION
Cladding wasn’t meant to stand up to climate all by itself. Buildings need StoEnergy Guard advanced cavity wall system to protect from the inside out. This integrated system of products delivers wall protection technology that works seamlessly under many cladding types, all while meeting the latest code requirements for energy ABÖ?EAJ?U =J@ IKEOPQNA ?KJPNKH
StoEnergy Guard stocorp.com/stoenergyguard Reader Service No. 186 www.EDCmag.com/webcard
Spec Sheet
ED+C
Advertorial
August 2011
Sto Corp. Introduces StoEnergy Guard™ ADVANCED CAVITY WALL SYSTEM FEATURES WATERPROOF AIR BARRIER, PROVEN DRAINAGE TECHNOLOGY AND CONTINUOUS INSULATION TO PROVIDE ENERGYEFFICIENCY AND DURABILITY WITH ALMOST ANY CLADDING TYPE Sto Corp., the innovative world leader in cladding, coating, and restoration systems, introduces StoEnergy Guard™, an integrated cavity wall solution that is used for protection under multiple cladding types, including stone, siding, stucco and more. With StoEnergy Guard, the company leverages cavity wall design and rainscreen technology to provide energy efficiency and durability in a simple yet effective solution. StoEnergy Guard integrates a fluid applied waterproof air barrier, sheathing joint and rough opening protection, proven drainage technology, and approved continuous insulation – into a flexible system that can be designed to meet individual climate zone and building code requirements. Today’s buildings have to be all things at once – energy efficient, durable and sustainable. StoEnergy Guard has engineered the highest performing products into a flexible solution: one warranty and proven components that are designed to work together seamlessly under multiple cladding types. Easy to install, StoEnergy Guard offers a choice of compatible components for specific design and climate needs. Not only does it work under most cladding types, but also in buildings that combine more than one cladding, such as stone and stucco. Its StoGuard® component provides a continuous, fluid-applied air barrier membrane that bonds directly to sheathing to resist air and water penetration as well as a waterproof moisture barrier that protects against the damaging effects of incidental water damage. The Sto DrainScreen™ mat facilitates moisture escape between the protected substrate and cladding by allowing water that reaches the back of the cladding to drain to the outside, and it also helps speed the drying of moisture-ladden air. And, incorporating approved continuous insulation enhances energy efficiency and eliminates thermal bridging while significantly improving the effective R-value of the wall assembly.
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Sto provides the latest in energy-efficient wall technology and Sto products are safe and nontoxic, and have low VOCs. As a leader in environmental responsibility, Sto continues to incorporate sustainable practices throughout its operations and helps reduce the environmental impact of a building by saving energy and using materials with recycled content.
For more information visit www.stocorp.com or call 1.800.221.2397.
{ B A L A N C I N G A C T N O . 1. }
Sustainability + performance. SOLUTION:
Harmonium xf ™ Linoleum. Now you can balance sustainability and performance. Aesthetics and long life. Maintenance and comfort. All with one solution: Harmonium xf ™. It’s the perfect Balanced Choice. Made with rapidly renewable resources, it’s easy to maintain, extremely durable and available in 73 colors. And when you use Harmonium xf, you can coordinate it across our entire system of solutions, from vinyl and rubber flooring to accessories. So you can balance all the competing demands of your space without compromising aesthetics. That’s what Balanced Choice is all about. Check out our Balanced Choice Selector at johnsonite.com.
Reader Service No. 36 www.EDCmag.com/webcard
Spec Sheet
Advertorial
ED+C
August 2011
A Naturally Sustainable Solution Johnsonite’s Harmonium xf™ linoleum flooring is handcrafted and made from 95% biobased materials such as linseed oil, wood powder, cork powder, and pine rosin, 73% of which are rapidly renewable. In fact, Harmonium xf has the highest rapidly renewable content in the industry. Harmonium xf creates high-performance environments that help contribute to LEED points and a more sustainable future for all of us.
Simply the greenest solution... ■
73% Rapidly Renewable Content – Highest in the industry
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95% Bio-Based – USDA Biobased Certified
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100% PVC-Free
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Contains no pthalates, halogens or chlorine
Extreme finish construction (xf) ■
xf is the latest technology in surface protection and outperforms any alternative
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No sealers or waxes are needed to protect the flooring after installation
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Homogeneous construction - composition, color and marbleization
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More durable and longer lasting
SILVER
Long lifecycle, lower costs ■
Less susceptible to abrasion, stains and chemicals than any other linoleum
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Faster and easier cleaning
■
Saves 30% on maintenance cost
■
Proprietary xf surface treatment reduces water, detergent and chemical consumption by 50% compared to other products, and ensures easy cleaning and maintenance (no initial wax or polish needed)
Low environmental impact ■
Almost 3/4 of the raw materials are rapidly renewable
■
ISO 14001 Environmental Management System plant certification
■
FloorScore Certified
■
Cradle to CradleCM Silver certified for material content, recyclability and manufacturing characteristics
■
USDA BioPreferredSM designation and contains 95% biobased content
16910 Munn Road Chagrin Falls, OH 44023 800-899-8916 or 440-543-8916 www.johnsonite.com ©2011 Johnsonite Inc.
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AU G U S T 1 1
Harmonium xf has been certified Silver for its material content, recyclability, and manufacturing characteristics. c2ccertified.com
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©2011 L&M Construction Chemicals, Inc. #11-0156
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Atas International, Inc. www.atas.com Page 20 | Circle # 107
InterfaceFLOR Commercial www.interfaceflor.com Page 3 | Circle # 88
Mortar Net www.mortarnet.com Page 41 | Circle # 110
Big Ass Fans www.BigAssFans.com Page 15 | Circle # 102
Invisible Structures, Inc. www.invisiblestructures.com Page 14 | Circle # 101
Pine Hall Brick www.pinehallbrick.com Page 18 | Circle # 105
Bluebeam Software, Inc. www.bluebeam.com/morecontrol Page 9 | Circle # 100
Johnsonite www.johnsonite.com Page 49, 50 | Circle # 36
Prosoco www.prosoco.com Page 18 | Circle # 104
Bradley Corporation www.bradleycorp.com/diplomat Page 25 | Circle # 108
Kawneer www.kawneer.com Page 5 | Circle # 40
Reward Wall Systems www.rewardwallsystems.com Page 2, 4 | Circle # 208
Bona www.bona.com Page 23, 39 | Circle # 93, 94
Lafarge North America www.lafarge-na.com/visitwithme Page 27 | Circle # 109
Sloan Valve www.sloan.com Page 11, 12 | Circle # 37
CertainTeed Gypsum www.certainteed.com Page 31, 32 | Circle # 70
L&M Construction Chemicals www.fgs-permashine.com Page 51 | Circle # 83
Solar Power International 11 www.solarpowerinternational.com Page 53
CertainTeed Insulation www.certainteed.com Page 37, 38 | Circle # 149
Major Industries www.majorindustries.com Page 17 | Circle # 103
Sto Corporation www.stocorp.com/stoenergyguard Page 47, 48 | Circle # 186
Excel Dryer www.exceldryer.com Page 19 | Circle # 106
Maxxon Corporation www.maxxon.com Page 35, 36 | Circle # 162
U.S. Green Building Council www.greenbuildexpo.org Page 56 | Circle # 65
Forbo www.forboflooringNA.com Page 33, 34 | Circle # 16
Metal Construction Association www.insulatedmetalpanels.org Page 7, 8 | Circle # 176
Icynene, Inc. www.icynene.com Page 43, 44 | Circle # 152
Metl-Span www.metlspan.com Page 45, 46 | Circle # 86
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ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION Volume 14, Issue 8 (ISSN 1095-8932) is published 12 times annually, monthly, by BNP Media II, L.L.C., 2401 W. Big Beaver Rd., Suite 700, Troy, MI 48084-3333. Telephone: (248) 362-3700, Fax: (248) 362-0317. No charge for subscriptions to qualified individuals. Annual rate for subscriptions to nonqualified individuals in the U.S.A.: $115.00 USD. Annual rate for subscriptions to nonqualified individuals in Canada: $149.00 USD (includes GST & postage); all other countries: $165.00 (int’l mail) payable in U.S. funds. Printed in the U.S.A. Copyright 2011, by BNP Media II, L.L.C. All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the consent of the publisher. The publisher is not responsible for product claims and representations. Periodicals Postage Paid at Troy, MI and at additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to: ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN + CONSTRUCTION, P.O. Box 2148, Skokie, IL 60076. Change of address: Send old address label along with new address to ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN + CONSTRUCTION, P.O. Box 2148, Skokie, IL 60076. Canada Post: Publications Mail Agreement #40612608. GST account: 131263923. Send returns (Canada) to Pitney Bowes, P.O. Box 25542, London, ON, N6C 6B2. For single copies or back issues: contact Ann Kalb at (248) 244-6499 or KalbR@bnpmedia.com.
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