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Out of the Woods

By Jim Stevens

A Tree Grows

The Ponderosa pine east of the Cascade }fountains and the Douglas fir of the rvest side bear fruit in the form of cones. Thev ripen in the fall. the seed chambers are opened b1' drv u'inds. and the seeds flv forth. -\ seed that alights on a sprouting place and keeps liie in its kernel through the l'inter u'ill au'aken in spring. \\'e do not knorv rrhat moves the seed from sleep. but spring rvarmth and moisture bring its grorvth hormone to life. The enzvmes in the chernical composition of the seed go to rvork. They make sugar of stt-rred fats and starches in the nut. Stored proteins are split into 2O or more soluble compouucis called amino acids. from s'hich enzvme forces form more materials to keep the embrvo tree grorving.

The nen' tree shoots into the open, like a tender blade of grass. Threacls of roots Norm dorvns'ard. Tinr. delicate leaves spread irom the bud at the top of the shoot. ,\ third area of gron'th is around the stem. This grorrth is the cambiun.r larver. It is a thin tissue. a single la1'er of cells that sheathes the stem. The cambium cells har-e the po\\'er to divide. -\s the_v begin to s'ork they split off ros's of u'ood cells s-ithin the cambium sheath and bLrk cells on its outside.

Bark and Roots

trIost of the bark is sloughed ott as the tree grol's. s'hilc each vear's neu- ring of u'ood is left in storage. -\s the tree gro\\-s ()n vear br' ;-ear. each annttal grorvth ring has a light circlet oi springn-ood and a darker band of sun'lmers'ood, forming the pattern seen in log end or stunlp top.

A tenth or more of a tree's s'ood is in its roots. They tie the tree to the place of its birth. Thel- supph' \\'ater and minerals in solution for liie and grorvth.

"The stomata open their little shutters earlv in the tnornirrg." sa-"*s U. S. Forester N. T. \Iirov. "At u,lotr they begin to close. and just before sunset thev are closed tight ior the night."

The stomata are srnall pores of leaf tissues. Thev open (Continued oa Page 68)