2019-2020 Build Health Research Update #2

BUILD HEALTH 2019 - 2020

The Institute for Health in the Built Environment advances, integrates, and applies new knowledge from diverse scientific disciplines to support healthy individuals, communities and planet. Our mission is to develop new design concepts for the realization of healthy and sustainable inhabited space. We do this by forming unconventional collaborations that conduct research where architecture, biology, medicine, chemistry and engineering intersect and translate it into design practice through a consortium of invested industry partners with applied impact.

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A Unique Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration Between Architecture, Scientists and Industry at University of Oregon

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Staff

Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg, Director - IHBE, Director - ESBL, CoDirector - BioBE Jessica Green, Co-Director - Biology and the Built Environment Center Siobhan Rockcastle, Chair, Baker Lighting Laboratory Alida Bevirt, Administrative Assistant - IHBE Leslie Dietz, Research Assistant - BioBE Mark Fretz, Associate Director of Knowledge Exchange - IHBE Willem Griffiths, Lab Tech - BioBE Patrick Horve, Lab Tech, BioBE Laura Jacek, Administrator - IHBE Jeff Kline, Senior Research Associate - ESBL, BioBE Alen Mahic, Research Associate - ESBL Gwynne Mhuireach, Postdoctoral Scholar - ESBL, BioBE Dale Northcutt, Senior Research Assistant II - ESBL, BioBE Jason Stenson, Senior Research Assistant I - ESBL, BioBE Paul Ward, Research Assistant Professor - ESBL

Collaborators

Sarah Adams-Schoen - University of Oregon, Law Angela Addae - University of Oregon, Law Adel Amos - University of Oregon, Law Heather Brinton - University of Oregon David Coil - UC Davis, Biology Robert Davis - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Lighting Roger Ebbage - LCC, NWEEI Jonathan Eisen - UC Davis, Biology Ashkaan Fahimipour - UC Davis, Biology Elliott Gall -Portland State University, Civil Engineering Rolf Halden - Arizona State University, Environmental Health Engineering Esther Hagenlocher - University of Oregon, Interior Arch/ Architecture Erica Hartmann - Northwestern University, Civil and Environmental Engineering Mike Hatten - Solarc Energy Group Curtis Huttenhower - Harvard University, Biology Sue Ishaq - University of Maine, Biology Laszlo Kiraly - Oregon Health & Science University, Surgery Kaarin Knudson - University of Oregon, Architecture Kaichang Li - Oregon State University, Chemistry Robert Martindale - Oregon Health & Science University, Surgery Naomi Miller - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Lighting Christopher Minson - University of Oregon, Physiology

Brook Muller - UNC Charlotte, Architecture Kory Russel - University of Oregon, Landscape Architecture Judith Sheine - University of Oregon / TallWood, Architecture Joshua Skov - University of Oregon, Business Susan Sokolowski - University of Oregon, Sports Product Design Lynne Strasfeld - Oregon Health & Science University, Infectious Disease John Townes - Oregon Health & Science University, Infectious Disease Roo Vandegrift - Biology

Students

Alex Balog, Graduate Student, Architecture Sandra Byers, Graduate Student, Architecture Ivan Castro, Graduate Student, Architecture Carolina da Silva Correa Leite, Graduate Student, Architecture Megan Danell, Graduate Student, Architecture Micah Donor, Graduate Student, PhD candidate, Chemistry Catherine Earley, Graduate Student, Architecture Sohrab Ghasemi, Graduate Student, Architecture Austin Guttierez, Graduate Student, Architecture Delaney Hetrick, Graduate Student, Architecture Georgia MacCrone, Biology Katherine Martin, Graduate Student, Architecture Nicklaus McGuire, Graduate Student, Architecture Joseph McLaughlin, Graduate Student, Architecture Simone O’Halloran, Architecture Isabelle O’Neal, Graduate Student, Architecture Hooman Parhizkar, Graduate Student, PhD candidate, Architecture Lily Summers, Graduate Student, Architecture Peter Van Liefde, Graduate Student, Architecture McKenzie Vanko, Graduate Student, Architecture Michael Yauk, Graduate Student, Architecture

Quarter 2 Report Directory Build Health 2019 - 2020

9 Executive Summary 10 Select Research Updates 11

Evaluating Temporal and Spatial Light Exposure Profiles for Typical Building Occupants

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Building Material Phthalates and the Indoor Microbiome

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Passive Building Case Study - Night Ventilation of Mass

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Comparing Perceptions of LED Lighting Between a Physical Space and Virtual Reality Display

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Microbes and Social Equity

24 Mass Timber Field Acoustic Studies

26 Student Research + Creative Work 27

Design the Unseen Teaching design for the non-visual architectural experience in collaboration with industry

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Design the Unseen Comparative whole building life cycle assessment (WBLCA) of mass timber systems

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Design the Unseen Daylight, manual sunshade use and occupantcentric circadian lighting stimulus in an open office

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Design the Unseen Auditory visual perception: acoustic distractions in mass timber versus concrete office spaces

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Design the Unseen Comparison of occupant-centric daylighting levels in windows for affordable housing in Portland, Oregon

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Design the Unseen Clearing the air: impacts of plants on air particulates in passive ventilation

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Design the Unseen Lighting and the indoor microbiome: measuring the effect of LED lighting on E.coli

48 Mass timber studio: Clackamas County Courthouse

52 Contact Info

Executive Summary

BUILD HEALTH 2019 - 2020

Dear Build Health Industry Consortium, Over the past few months, industry consortium members have been directly engaging in the Institute for Health in the Built Environment research by joining monthly conference calls, communicating directly, presenting to class sessions and joining us on new proposals. In this quarterly update, we are excited to share an exclusive look at selected on-going projects, including a preview of unpublished work and preliminary findings in order to more quickly disseminate findings into an applied pipeline.

In addition to on-going projects, this quarterly issue will highlight a selection of student work derived from the IHBE research agenda and delivered through classes, such as the research seminar, Design the Unseen, and design studio.

Several class projects are now being further developed through student independent studies and new grant proposals.

Finally, we are pleased to share more in depth findings in recently published journal articles. From our Biology and the Built Environment Center, Ishaq, et al. published, “Framing the discussion of microorganisms as a facet of social equity in human health” in the journal PLoS Biology. Velazquez, et al. published, “Accumulation of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate from polyvinyl chloride flooring into settled house dust and the effect on the bacterial community” in PeerJ. And, from the Energy Studies in Buildings Lab, Mhuireach, et al. published in Energy and Buildings a paper on passive ventilation titled, “Lessons learned from implementing night ventilation of mass in a next-generation smart building.”

We hope that these updates find you well and provide stimulating content for the design, manufacture and operation of a built environment that simultaneously considers health of individuals, communities and planet.

Best regards and happy reading!

Mark Fretz, Associate Director of Outreach

A Unique Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration Between Architecture, Scientists and Industry at University of Oregon

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Select Research Updates

BUILD HEALTH 2019 - 2020

Evaluating Temporal and Spatial Light Exposure Profiles for Typical Building Occupants Funded by Baker Lighting Lab Maria Ámundadóttir - Oculight Analytics Megan Danell - Baker Lighting Lab Lisa Petterson - SRG Partnership Siobhan Rockcastle (PI) - Baker Lighting Lab

ABSTRACT: Many of the daylight metrics that we use today rely on grid-based illuminance data to evaluate the spatial distribution of daylight at a building scale, but we lack methods to evaluate how an occupant’s temporal and spatial behavior impacts our assessment of performance. This is particularly problematic when we consider the effects of light on human health. Light-exposure at eye-level drives responses in both the visual and non-visual (circadian) systems. This paper adapts a simulation workflow to evaluate the non-visual effects of light using existing models like Equivalent Melanopic Lux (EML) and non-visual Direct-Response (nvRD) at an occupant scale, accounting for typical user profiles, sky condition, and time of year. Our paper considers four typical user profiles within a side-lit office environment to query location and view directions from a multi-point, multi view-direction, multi time-step simulation of eye-level illuminance and return individual light-exposure profiles. This approach allows us to compare each profile as a product of the occupant’s spatial and temporal behavior and begin to consider the lighting performance of our case study building through the performance of its users.

Full paper currently submitted to SimAUD 2020 and under review.

Image: SRG Partnership Portland, Oregon office. Image credit: SRG Partnership

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Figure 2 a) Occupant profiles and their daily schedules. B) Spatial distribution of occupant profiles in the side-lit office space.

Image: office occupant profiles version and their daily schedules. simulated movement patterns and associated spatial distribution of light office space The a)WELL Q4 2019 Feature 54:b) Circadian be achieved (between 9am to 1pm) for inevery day of the submitted andDesign under review Lighting [22], implements a minimum threshold of year. While the authors acknowledge that WELL assumes

200 lx of equal-energy light source which is equivalent to 182 lx of daylight illuminant D65. This threshold applies to work areas measured at the vertical plane, which must

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the use of electric lighting to supplement daylight during occupied hours, this paper attempts to provide a means of comparing occupant profiles in relative terms.

The threshold value of 4.2 was established in [2] as a reasonable criterion for achieving beneficial effects of light. For the purpose of this paper it is lowered to 4, so it is comparable to the period length applied in WELL criteria. These tentative thresholds correspond to the number of “vital” hours in a day, when adequate daylighting is desired.

4 RESULTS

The results of this study represent a substantial shift in the way we quantify and visualize lighting performance at a building scale. While existing annual daylight performance metrics account for time and space, which already requires a significant abstraction of information to achieve a compact number, our approach adds yet another dimension with the consideration of occupant activity. To adequately cover the impact this has on our daylight performance narrative, we have organized the results into three sections.

4.1 Daily Performance Overview

3 and 4 is the same betwee 1 and 2 show minor varia

BUILD HEALTH 2019 - 2020

While this table is helpfu does not reveal the tempo that underlies either the model and is notsuper use and locations may be p receiving the recommende

4.2 Understanding Tem

This section explains two of the temporal light expo days (June 21st and D conditions (clear and ove profile for Occupant 2: Ju activity they were perform Clear sky results are indi and the Ev ³ 182 lx thresh

If we refer to Figure 2b ( This section presents a compact overview of results for our st in axonometric), this occu four hypothetical building occupants on June 21 and several seats from the win December 21st. Table 1 shows the daily average of vertical th East.illuminance As shown in Fig Figure 4 The temporal light exposure for(E thev), 4 occupant on March 20 underof a clear skywhen a) The effective ipRGC WELLprofiles criteria (percentage time illuminance c) A heatmap Ev,ipRGC as a function of time-of-day. b) A heatmap showing when a minimum threshold of 200 EML is achieved or not.

Image: simulated light exposure occupant profiles on MarchnvRD 20th under clear sky a) E response. as functionYellow of time of day b) yellowconditions, indicates WELL the occupan Erecommended ³ 182 lx),light and daily cumulative v for showing when the daily dose (nvRD ³ 4) is achieved or not and the cumulative response value at every timestep.

200EML level achieved c) green indicates nvRD recommended light dose achieved -submitted and under review exposure levels while at cells represent when Ev ³ 182 lx is achieved between 9am their desk. As they period and 1pm. Green cells indicate when a recommended nvRD The comparison between occupant profiles underlines the holistic evaluation of health in our buildings, themeetings future of and visit attend dose of 4 is achieved. importance of considering spatial and temporal behavior predictive daylight modeling must this consider human profile varies as a r when predicting the health potential of a space for its behavior or we may continue to miss a large part of the Table 1. Daily performance overview comparing results for a) position in space and the s occupants. The comparison between the Well standard and performance narrative. v,ipRGC

June 21st and b) December 21st for all occupants.

nvRD model reveals the need for rigorous discussion about how these models are implemented in an architectural context and how they maya) be integrated intoclear predictive simulation-based workflows.

Occ. id Ev WELL nvRD 5

CONCLUSION

84% the7.2 This paper introduced a 1method2391 for evaluating circadian performance of 2daylight982 for four73% building7.0 occupants based on their spatial and temporal behavior in a side-lit case study. With an 3 increased 259understanding 8% of1.5 dynamic lighting environments, human behavior, and the 714 we can 22% effects of light on health and4 well-being, produce4.5 better predictions regarding the benefits of daylight and eventually, their integration within the design process. As a next step for this research,b)we would like toclear extend our evaluation to include the full population of building occupants and develop anOcc. aggregated metric that relies on id Ev WELL nvRD a percentage of people that achieve performance rather 3483 86% 7.1 than a percentage of space. 1

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Assuming the same exact

We would like to acknowledge the support XX lab, theexposure p overcast 3b of shows the University of XX, and a Technology Development Fund December 21st. While th Ev WELL nvRD XXXXXX-XXXX grant from the Icelandic Centre of December 21st) and sky c Research.

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seem obvious, the impac intuitive when shiftin 5.8 of circadianless 1.335 Acosta,62% I. et al.: Analysis stimulus allowed depth ofTechnol. sun penetration t by daylighting in hospital rooms. Light.

Res. 70 49, 1, 49–61 8% (2017).

1.1 result, some occupants m 2.186 Amundadottir, M.L. et al.: A human-centric of light approach during the winter 19% 3.6 REFERENCES

to assess daylight in buildings for non-visual health potential, visual interest and gazeFigure behavior.

3 Build. clearly illustrat Environ. 113, 5–21 (2017). exposure for a typical bui overcast M.L.: Light-driven 3. Amundadottir, model for activities determine the identifying indicators of non-visual health potential in Evthe built WELL nvRD Ecole polytechnique environment. fédérale level. The impact of sky comparing the line graph i 286de Lausanne 62% (2016).

5.2 4. Amundadottir, M.L. et al.: Modeling non-visual type of graph is not well s By shifting the narrative of daylight performance from the6.7 2 706 73% 126responses 14%to light: 3.5unifying spectral sensitivity and information can temporal characteristics in a singleThus, modelthis structure. space of the building to the performance of its occupants, 3 199 8% 2.3 23 0% 0.8 shown below the line grap In: CIE Centenary Conference “Towards a New we can place more emphasis on the impact of architecture Century of Light.” pp. 101–110 Commission on health in the built environment. In order to do this, we values on a logscale to fo 4 533 32% 4.6 92 Internationale 22% de 2.8 L’Eclairage, Paris,toFrance (2013). need robust methods of predicting occupant behavior bright yellow. The Ev,ip 5. Amundadottir, M.L. et al.: Simulation-based evaluation through space and over time. Future work in this area could 182 lx are labeled with of non-visual responses to daylight:orproof-of-concept consider agent-based modelling to generate user profiles in time periods study of healthcare re-design.

In: BS2013. pp. 2757–that would bedesign-phase used to provide a high-level comparison the absence of recordedThis field table data orcan in the 2764 , Chambery, France (2013). before occupant profiles have emerged.

To provide a exposure Table: a) June 21st simulated between light exposureour for occupant profiles. Yellow indicates WELL 200 EML achieved, Green indicates nvRD achieved. b) under the WELL four building occupants, revealing the impact December 21st simulated light exposure for occupant st Yellow indicates WELL EML achieved, Green indicates nvRD achieved. the results in vs. December 21st 200 ) and sky condition of day (June 21 profiles. submitted and under review the results on (clear vs. overcast) on the percentage of time when Ev

exceeds the WELL threshold as well as the cumulative

A Unique Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration Between Architecture, Scientists and Industry at University of Oregon

a more com a temporal m

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BUILD HEALTH 2019 - 2020

Building Material Phthalates and the Indoor Microbiome Funded by Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Sue Ishaq (PI) - BioBE, University of Maine, Oronco Samantha Velazquez - BioBE Suzie Nunez - BioBE Rich Corsi - Portland State University Chenyang Bi - Virginia Polytechnic Institute Ying Xu - University of Texas at Austin Jeff Kline - BioBE

The built environment is known to host lower microbial diversity and biomass than natural environments, and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) or other chemicals indoors may contribute to this paucity. DEHP is a plasticizer used in consumer products and building materials, including polyvinyl chloride flooring material, which adsorbs from material and leaches into soil, water, or dust and presents an exposure risk to building occupants by inhalation, ingestion, or absorption. This study examined the relation of DEHP to bacterial communities in dust. Polyvinyl chloride flooring was seeded with homogenized house dust and the dust sampled periodically while incubating over 14 days. Bacterial richness and Shannon diversity were negatively correlated with DEHP concentration, which increased over time as expected. There were also differential effects on particular taxa in correlation with DEHP concentration – DEHP appeared to alter the bacterial microbiome structure.

Read the full article here at PeerJ.

This figure shows that observed richness and Shannon diversity for bacteria declined as the concentration of DEHP increased over time

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BUILD HEALTH 2019 - 2020

This figure shows the bacterial taxa that were significantly associated with di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate in dust (A), compared to controls (B).

A Unique Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration Between Architecture, Scientists and Industry at University of Oregon

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BUILD HEALTH 2019 - 2020

Passive Building Case Study: Night Ventilation of Mass Funded in part by the Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance (NEEA) Gwynne Mhuireach - Energy Studies in Buildings Laboratory Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg (PI) - Energy Studies in Buildings Laboratory G.Z. Brown - Energy Studies in Buildings Laboratory Jeff Kline - Energy Studies in Buildings Laboratory Dristi Manandhar - Department of Architecture, University of Oregon Maxwell Moriyama - Energy Studies in Buildings Laboratory Dale Northcutt - Energy Studies in Buildings Laboratory Isabel Rivera - Department of Architecture, University of Oregon

ABSTRACT: Summer temperature extremes are expected to increase during the next century. Integrating night ventilation of mass (NVM) strategies in new ‘smart’ buildings could increase resilience to warming temperatures and reduce reliance on mechanical cooling. However, designing and operating buildings with NVM is challenging due to the complexity of interacting variables and difficulty of accurately measuring and predicting them, particularly when using automated controls and sensors.

In this study we evaluated NVM performance by monitoring two night-ventilated classrooms in a mixed-mode smart academic building during October 2014 and June–July 2016. We investigated whether NVM systems were operating as intended, altered operation as needed to match design intent, and compared NVM efficacy during incorrect and corrected operation. We calculated the amount of heat NVM removed from each room overnight and visualized gradients of heat removal across the mass surface. We found that incorrect building automation system (BAS) operation during June 2016 resulted in overuse of mechanical cooling, while corrected operation later in July reduced the number of hours mechanical cooling was required, although average outdoor temperatures were higher. Our results also showed greatest overnight reductions in mass surface temperatures in locations nearest to the air inlets on the exterior south-facing walls. This critical evaluation quantifies the agreement between NVM performance as modeled during the de- sign phase and during post-occupancy operation several years after construction. We conclude that the observed performance gap may be addressed through periodic or continuous re-commissioning.

Read the full paper in Energy and Buildings.

Image Credit: Christian Columbres architectural photograpy, image provided courtesy SRG. Opposite page: stack ventilation path sectional diagrams, rooftop turbine ventilators - image credit: Jeff Kline

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BUILD HEALTH 2019 - 2020

A Unique Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration Between Architecture, Scientists and Industry at University of Oregon

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BUILD HEALTH 2019 - 2020

Image: Camera locations, view angles, IR photos, and HOBO datalogger placement for Rooms 408 (top) and 308 (below).

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BUILD HEALTH 2019 - 2020

Comparing Perceptions of LED Lighting Between a Physical Space and Virtual Reality Display Funded by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Megan Danell - Baker Lighting Lab Robert Davis - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Alen Mahic - ESBL Siobhan Rockcastle (PI) - Baker Lighting Lab Kevin Van Den Wymelnberg - ESBL

scene, the mean rating and one-way ANOVA on ABSTRACT: Over the last several decades, designers have used ranks digital for that does ofnot show significant screensrating to view images physical and simulated space and make critical design decisions usingspace this formand of representation. difference between physical VR lab this time as groupsScreen for technology 6 out ofhas8 improved of the dramatically lighting during conditions. new technologies like OLED have replaced legacy screens that use According to the H-Test Table CRT, plasma, andKruskal-Wallis LCD systems. These new screens in allow for higher pixelwere resolution, output,differences and contrast ratio.

Over the 1, there no luminous significant between past couple of years, immersive Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs) physical and VR groups for all but the dimmest that allow designers to view immersive images from a human (‘overhead low’) and the most contrasted (‘task perspective are starting to supplement 2D screens. While Virtual Reality (VR) HMDs have existed for some time, development on’) lighting condition. To understand thisin real-time rendering through faster graphic cards and brighter OLED phenomenon in more a broader range of in screen technologies havedepth, encouraged the uptake of these devices mainstream architectural practice.

This paper introduces a humanglare-inducing lighting conditions, including factors experiment on lighting perception using 8 LED lighting variations in source position would need to be conditions in a physical space and virtualized representations of studied. those conditions captured using a 360-degree HDR camera and presented on an HTC Vive Pro HMD. Fifty-four participants were divided into two groups and asked to rate each lighting condition 4.5 Intensity Spectral Power by viewingand it in either the physical spaceDistribution (n=30) or via immersive space displayed in our HMD (n=23).

FigureHDR8photographs shows of athat comparison of VRvertical The results show that for questions related to visual comfort, illuminance (lux) across a (a) 180-degree vertical pleasantness, and evenness, there were no significant differences and horizontal viewing angle and Questions (b) a single between the physical space and VR groups. related to brightness, glare rank, contrast, and task execution however, steradian in both the physical space and the VR resulted in significant differences between two or more conditions HMDand forwere a selection of lighting conditions. especially varied in conditions with very dim lighting or bright light sources directly within the field-of-view.

a.

Above image and full paper submitted to Lighting Research & Technology and under review.

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BUILD HEALTH 2019 - 2020

Using the pre-scan setting to determine an appropriate lens length and shutter speed for each lighting condition, we ran the following settings to capture each condition using the 26-f-stop setting with lens-length set to infinity:

and and

algorithm is more appropriate for immersive display technologies.

Table 1. SceneCam 2.0 Settings for lens aperture and shutter speed. condition Lens aperture Shutter speed neutral 4 1/15 all high 5.6 1/15 all low 2.8 1/8 track high 4 1/8 track low 2.8 1/8 Over. high 4 1/8 Over. low 2.8 1/8 Task on 2.8 1/8

cene each low, ring the nted

ange lude the re 1 mes: gh,’ ow,’ ared aper ered n to ance were

Using the above settings, each scene scan took between 31 and 34 minutes. The use of variable aperture and shutter speeds allowed us to capture a 26-f-stop range that is most appropriate for each lighting condition. At the time of capture we used a luminance meter (Minolta LS-160) to take physical luminance measurements of grey and white cards mounted to the front and side walls in the space. The grey card located above the visual acuity test was centered at 6’ 11” from the ground and approximately 7’ from the right wall. The white card was located 15’ from the front wall and approximately 3’ 6” from the ground to be directly perpendicular and at sitting head height of participants for image capturing (Figure 2).

We calibrated each HDR image to the grey-card measurements using PHOTOSPHERE and calculated the error between grey and white-card readings. This error ranged from 1% to 5% across all 8 lighting conditions, which is aligned with previously reported accuracies for HDR capture methods reported by Inanici, 2016.

rage 180the wing high high head m2)

3.2 Image-Processing Workflow To tone-map HDR photographs for viewing on our VR HMD, we used the PCOND algorithm (via RADIANCE) to compress the luminance values from an HDR range to the range of the HTC Vive Pro (Ward, 1994). PCOND was chosen based on a similar workflow presented in Rockcastle, et al., 2017, although future work is needed to understand whether an alternative

MD, 2.0 gree micper

Figure 2. The dimensions and layout for our experimental space in (a) plan, (b) longitudinal Figure 1. The 8 lighting conditions; Neutral, All high, section, (c) cross-section, (d) perspective.

Image (left): lighting conditions neutral, all high, all low, track high, track low, overhead high, overhead low, and task and on - submitted and under review.

All low, Track high, Track low, Overhead high, (right): dimensions and layout for experimental space - submitted and under review Overhead low, and Task on.

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Figure 5. Box plots showing the distribution of subject responses for each question on the left and mean scores for

Image: box plots showing distribution subject for eachare question on the leftand and VR meanscenes scores for condition and question on the right. each condition and question on ofthe right.responses Real spaces in dark grey areeach in light blue.

Real spaces are in dark grey and VR scenes are in light blue. - submitted and under review

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Microbes and Social Equity Funded by Clark Honors College, University of Oregon Sue Ishaq - Biology in the Built Environment Maurisa Rapp - Clark Honors College, University of Oregon Risa Byerly - Clark Honors College, University of Oregon Loretta S. McClellan - Clark Honors College, University of Oregon Maya R. O’Boyle - Clark Honors College, University of Oregon Anika Nykanen - Clark Honors College, University of Oregon Patrick J. Fuller - Clark Honors College, University of Oregon Calvin Aas - Clark Honors College, University of Oregon Jude M. Stone - Clark Honors College, University of Oregon Sean Killpatrick - Clark Honors College, University of Oregon Manami M. Uptegrove - Clark Honors College, University of Oregon Alex Vischer - Clark Honors College, University of Oregon Hannah Wolf - Clark Honors College, University of Oregon Fiona Smallman - Clark Honors College, University of Oregon Houston Eymann - Clark Honors College, University of Oregon Simon Narode - Clark Honors College, University of Oregon Ellee Stapleton - Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Oregon Camille C. Cioffi - Counselling Psychology and Human Services Hannah F. Tavalire - Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon

Social equity is the practice of applying justice and fairness to our social policies. Society often measures it in terms of access.

Do people have equal access to healthy food and clean water?

Medical care? Safe housing? Parks and forests? The idea of “microbes and social equity” is rooted in the fact that we rely on the microbes that live in our bodies or in the environment around us; therefore, we need public policies that promote access to microbes.

The paper in PloS Biology provides examples of research on microbes and health, such as the benefit of a fiber-rich diet in recruiting beneficial gut microbes and reducing the symptoms of diabetes. There are specific examples of social policies that might promote access to microbes, such as launching more school nutrition programs that require fruits and vegetables. There are also examples of policies with negative microbial impacts, such as inadequate food-service infrastructure in prisons, which can allow for the spread of food-borne illness.

Inequalities in access - such as only putting parks in wealthier neighborhoods - creates social inequity in resource distribution.

But it also creates inequity in microbial exposure and may affect your health. Access is the basis for creating social equity. Globally, many governments have a legal obligation to provide access to a safe and healthy natural environment. If we consider that microbes are integral to maintaining public health, it follows that there is also a legal obligation to provide policy and infrastructure to enable equitable access to microbes.

Read the full paper in the journal PLoS Biology.

Image credit (above): Gabriel Jimenez, unsplash.com (opposite page): Megan Markham, unsplash.com

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A Unique Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration Between Architecture, Scientists and Industry at University of Oregon

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Mass Timber Acoustic Field Studies Funded by TallWood Design Institute and the USDA ARS

5-3/4”

Mark Fretz - Institute for Health in the Built Environment Nicklaus McGuire - Energy Studies in Buildings Laboratory Dale Northcutt - Energy Studies in Buildings Laboratory Jason Stenson - Energy Studies in Buildings Laboratory Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg (PI) - Energy Studies in Buildings Laboratory

The Energy Studies in Buildings Laboratory recently performed acoustic field testing of three mass timber buildings in the Pacific Northwest to understand how wood assemblies mitigate airborne and impact sound transmission.

The three mass timber floor assemblies included: heavy timber decking, nail-laminated timber (NLT), and cross-laminated timber (CLT) in three different buildings. Acoustic performance of the floor assemblies used standardized ASTM field test methods and reported results using two metrics: Apparent Sound Transmission Class (ASTC), Apparent Impact Insulation Class (AIIC).

6-1/2”

Heavy Timber Assembly: 2-1/2” wood decking, 1/4” acoustic mat, 3”concrete topping, carpet tile

The graph on the opposite page shows the resulting data from the ASTC and AIIC acoustic tests. The heavy timber decking had a lower performance than the NLT assembly even though their construction was similar in dimension. The NLT assembly did not have an acoustic mat and shared a similar overall assembly thicknesses with the heavy timber; however, in the heavy timber test spaces there were visible pipes which spanned between floors and could have reduced acoustic separation. The CLT results were higher than the other two, but this could likely be attributed to the CLT assembly having a much larger overall depth.

The results indicate that the NLT and CLT assemblies would meet acoustic building code requirements for multifamily housing.

11-3/8”

NLT Assembly: 2x4 (nominal) wood, 3” concrete topping, carpet tile

CLT Assembly: 5-lam Doug fir CLT, 5/8”acoustic mat underlayment, 1/2” thermal insulation, 3-1/2” concrete slab, carpet tile

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Images (opposite page): setup of sound source and receiving room. credit Niklaus McGuire; Figure: ASTC and AIIC results for three buildings with different assemblies.

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Student Research + Creative Work

BUILD HEALTH 2019 - 2020

Design the Unseen Teaching design for the non-visual architectural experience in collaboration with industry Funded by IHBE Build Health Industry Consortium and the University of Oregon Department of Architecture Scott Barton-Smith - Hacker Emily Dawson - Path Architecture Heather DeGrella - Opsis Mark Fretz (IHBE) Juliette Grummon-Beale - FFA Architecture+Interiors Randall Heeb - Opsis Jonathan Heppner - LEVER Alison Hoagland - Mackenzie Amanda Ingmire - Gensler Melisse Kuhn - Scott | Edwards Architecture Andrew Loia - FFA Architecture+Interiors Thomas Peck - Mackenzie Lisa Petterson - SRG Gauri Rajbaidya - SERA Kaite Ritenour - KPFF John Schorb - Opsis Jason Stenson (ESBL) Alexandra Stroud - KPFF Caitie Vanhauer - Hacker

Today, the building community understands that designing buildings with high energy performance and net zero energy use often separates occupants more distinctly from the outdoors and natural world to maintain control over energy. The resulting new indoor environment concentrates human exposure to materials, pollutants, human microbial communities, lighting, anthropogenic sounds and thermal conditions at a time when humans are spending more than 90% of their time in an indoor habitat as they transition to a digital, virtual life. The rapid evolution in habitat is often is incongruous with how humans have biologically evolved and adapted, which is now implicated with health effects, and therefore demands that designers consider the unseen elements of the built environment: health + energy in addition to the seen.

Understanding how to holistically integrate health + energy in the built environment is an immense, multifaceted challenge requiring creative synthesis of design and science through innovative and unconventional partnerships. Individual architectural project timelines are short and buildings are designed with best available evidence. Therefore, it is important for designers to continually be able to find evidence, validate and apply it, collaborate internally and across disciplines, and learn through investigation of built projects using design tools that visualize the unseen. For the fall seminar, Design the Unseen, students collaborated with local design firms to research relevant built and unbuilt projects that integrate health + energy and present findings to the design community to better inform future built projects. In the ten week session, students used the opportunity to vet ideas, share knowledge across community, and challenge existing paradigms.

The following pages illustrate an overview of selected projects.

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Design the Unseen Comparative whole building life cycle assessment (WBLCA) of mass timber systems: European-sourced, North American-sourced vs steel Funded by IHBE Build Health Industry Consortium and the University of Oregon Department of Architecture Scott Barton-Smith - Hacker Mark Fretz - Instructor, IHBE/Department of Architecture Yasmin Kazeminejad - Student, Department of Architecture Simone O’Halloran - Student, Department of Architecture Kaite Ritenour - KPFF Alexandra Stroud - KPFF Caitie Vanhauer - Hacker

ABSTRACT: Whole Building Life Cycle Assessments (WBLCA) are helpful tools in the evaluation of the environmental impacts of all of the components in a building. Inputs (like material extraction and manufacturing) and outputs (such as carbon emissions) are measured over the entire life cycle of the building. The goal is to

Testing the Whole Building Life Cycle Assessment of Mass Timber Systems: European vs North American Mass Timber vs Steel Simone O’Halloran and Yasmin Karenminejad || ARCH 407/507 || December 2019

Image Credit: Hacker Architects

Image credit: Hacker Architects

minimize the negative impacts on the environment over the whole life cycle of the building. In this case we performed the WBLCA for a mixed use building in San Francisco California utilizing the software Tally. We compared three different building systems, North American mass timber, Austrian mass timber, and steel. The results from our comparative analysis show that concrete is the majority of the global warming potential and embodied energy regardless of the system.

Read the full paper here.

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turing

BUILD HEALTH 2019 - 2020

scope

We used the software

Tally

We only included the structural system, foundations and

required fireproofing finishes to meet code.

We assumed the building life would be 75 years. cycle of construction materials life cycle of constructionlife materials system boundary includes stages A1- A4, C2-D ©system 2019 fromboundary the UO ARCH 4/507 Design the Unseen, used includes stages A1-with A4,permission C2-D Credit: Simone O’Halloran and Yasmin Karenminejad

A1 Extraction and Production of Raw Materials

A3 Manufacturing

A4 Transport to Building Site

A5 Installation (construction)

B1-B7 Use Phase

A2 Transport of Raw Materials

C1 Deconstruction C2 Transport to Waste Processing C3 Waste Processing C4 Waste Disposal

A4 Transport to Building Site

A5 Installation (construction)

what is biogenic carbon?

biogenic ©We 2019included from the UO ARCH 4/507 Design the Unseen, used with permission carbon

Credit: Simone O’Halloran and Yasmin Karenminejad

B1-B7 Use Phase

D Benefits Beyond

System Boundary C1 Deconstruction

C2 Transport to Waste Processing C3 Waste Processing

biogenic carbon is the stored carbon that is within natural products such as mass timber which is released during production and in the end of life sequence.

C4 Waste Disposal D Benefits Beyond System Boundary

ign the Unseen, used with permission

minejad

© 2019 from the UO ARCH 4/507 Design the Unseen, used with permission - Credit: Simone O’Halloran, Yasmin Kazeminejad © 2019 from the UO ARCH 4/507 Design the Unseen, used with permission Credit: Simone O’Halloran and Yasmin Karenminejad

A Unique Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration Between Architecture, Scientists and Industry at University of Oregon

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North American mass timber results: results: North American mass timber

12,000,000 12,000,000

sum of global warming potential kgCO2eg

sum of global warming potential kgCO2eg

15,000,000 15,000,000

11,045,124

11,045,124

9,000,000

9,000,000

6,000,000

6,000,000

3,000,000

3,000,000

0

0

results: Austrian mass timber results: Austrian mass timber

North American Mass Timber

North American Mass Timber

15,000,000 15,000,000

© 2019 from the UO ARCH 4/507 Design the Unseen, used with permission Credit: Simone O’Halloran and Yasmin Karenminejad

© 2019 from the UO ARCH 4/507 Design the Unseen, used with permission

12,000,000 12,000,000

sum of global warming potential kgCO2eg sum of global warming potential kgCO2eg

Credit: Simone O’Halloran and Yasmin Karenminejad

+1,775,600 +1,775,600

12,820,725 12,820,725

11,045,124 11,045,124

9,000,000 9,000,000

6,000,000 6,000,000

3,000,000 3,000,000

0

results: Steel results: Steel

0

North American North American Timber MassMass Timber

Austrian Austrian MassTimber MassTimber

15,000,000 15,000,000

© 2019 the ARCH UO ARCH 4/507 Design Unseen, permission © 2019 fromfrom the UO 4/507 Design the the Unseen, usedused withwith permission 12,000,000 12,000,000

kgCO2eg

sum of global warming potential kgCO2eg sum of global warming potential

Credit: Simone O’Halloran and Yasmin Karenminejad Credit: Simone O’Halloran and Yasmin Karenminejad

+1,775,600 +1,775,600

12,820,725 12,820,725

- 806,767 - 806,767 12,013,958 12,013,958

11,045,124 11,045,124

9,000,000 9,000,000

6,000,000 6,000,000

3,000,000 3,000,000

0

0

NorthAmerican NorthAmerican MassMass Timber Timber

Austrian Austrian MassTimber MassTimber

© 2019 from the UO ARCH 4/507 Design the Unseen, used with permission - Credit: Simone O’Halloran, Yasmin Kazeminejad

©© 2019 from thethe UOUO ARCH 4/507 Design thethe Unseen, used with permission 2019 from ARCH 4/507 Design Unseen, used with permission Credit: Simone O’Halloran andand Yasmin Karenminejad Credit: Simone O’Halloran Yasmin Karenminejad

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SteelSteel

BUILD HEALTH 2019 - 2020

NORTH AMERICAN MASS TIMBER TRAVELED 437 MILES

STEEL TRAVELED 7,800 MILES

AUSTRIAN MASS TIMBER TRAVELED 10,931 MILES

sourcing of structure

15,000,000

© 2019 from the UO ARCH 4/507 Design the Unseen, used with permission

sum of global warming potential kgCO2eg

Credit: Simone O’Halloran and Yasmin Karenminejad

Steel 3,117,300 24%

12,000,000

9,000,000

6,000,000

Steel 3,117,824 28%

Concrete 6,194,827 48%

Concrete 6,194,827 56%

Steel 5,476,880 46%

Concrete 6,030,968 50%

3,000,000

0

Finishes 506,110 4%

Mass Timber 3,507,776 27%

Mass Timber 1,731,652 16%

North American Mass Timber

Austrian Mass Timber

Steel

© 2019 from the UO ARCH 4/507 Design the Unseen, used with permission - Credit: Simone O’Halloran, Yasmin Kazeminejad

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Design the Unseen Daylight, manual sunshade use and occupant-centric circadian lighting stimulus in an open office Funded by IHBE Build Health Industry Consortium and the University of Oregon Department of Architecture Mark Fretz - Instructor, IHBE/Department of Architecture Lisa Petterson - SRG Nico Pici - Student, Department of Architecture Jordan Pieper - Student, Department of Architecture Jason Stenson - ESBL/Department of Architecture

Setting/Background Setting/Background(SRG) (SRG)

ABSTRACT: Daylight is essential to human productivity. It has been shown that if we do not receive enough daylight, our health and well-being is negatively affected. However, an overabundance of daylight into the indoors can make performing with computerbased visual tasks difficult and uncomfortable due to glare. This

study is a collaboration with SRG Partnership, an Architecture firm in Portland, OR, to analyze their own workspace in determining optimal amounts of daylight as an occupant-centric circadian resource in the office. The historic office space has large southeast-facing windows that can be a source of glare, which negatively affects productivity, and are controlled manually with motorized shades. Participating occupants were given a wearable light sensor to track the light levels received throughout the day over the course of one work week. Sunshade use was also monitored and recorded.

Read the full paper here.

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BUILD HEALTH 2019 - 2020

Methods - Spectrophotometer

Findings - Spectrophotometer

Methods - Spectrophotometer

Spectral Irradiance Waveform Display

Spectrophotometer MorningSample - 8:00 am Readout

Mid-Day - 12:00 pm

Konica Minolta Spectrophotometer

Sample Spectrophotometer Readout Afternoon - 5:00 pm

Konica Minolta Spectrophotometer

Š 2019 from the UO ARCH 4/507 Design the Unseen, used with permission - Credit: Nico Pici, Jordan Pieper

A Unique Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration Between Architecture, Scientists and Industry at University of Oregon

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BUILD HEALTH 2019 - 2020

Tuesday 10/29

SUNNY

80% of PEOPLE over 200 EML

Tuesday 10/29

SUNNY

75% of WORKSTATIONS over 200 EML

© 2019 from the UO ARCH 4/507 Design the Unseen, used with permission - Credit: Nico Pici, Jordan Pieper

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BUILD HEALTH 2019 - 2020

Thursday 10/31

PARTLY CLOUDY

41% of WORKSTATIONS over 200 EML

Monday 11/04

OVERCAST

10% of WORKSTATIONS over 200 EML

© 2019 from the UO ARCH 4/507 Design the Unseen, used with permission - Credit: Nico Pici, Jordan Pieper

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BUILD HEALTH 2019 - 2020

Design the Unseen Auditory visual perception: acoustic distractions in mass timber versus concrete office spaces Funded by IHBE Build Health Industry Consortium and the University of Oregon Department of Architecture Olivia Bain - Student, Department of Architecture Mark Fretz - Instructor, IHBE/Department of Architecture Juliett Grummon-Beale - FFA Architects Alison Hoagland - Mackenzie Andrew Loia - FFA Architects Michelle Montiel - Student, Department of Architecture Thomas Peck - Mackenzie Jason Stenson - ESBL/Department of Architecture Lily Summers - Student, Department of Architecture Michael Yauk - Student, Department of Architecture

Designing for acoustics in relation to human health is becoming an increasingly relevant topic in the architectural profession.

In an office environment, auditory stimuli such as the sound of traffic, office chatter, or impact noises (including as footfall or a chair dragging) from the floor above may cause small distractions throughout the course of the day. Based on research studies reviewed and compiled by the World Health Organization (WHO), the repetition of auditory stimuli could have compounding effects on occupants’ health and productivity. This study looks at the implications that auditory stimuli can have on office workers in two different building typologies; a mass timber building constructed of nail laminated timber (NLT), and a traditional masonry building. The comparison of these two typologies allowed us to assess if being surrounded by a biophilic elements such as wood gave users an “acoustic forgiveness factor” when exposed to the same types of auditory stimuli. Three biometric data sets were gathered to analyze unconscious emotional and physical responses to auditory stimuli: Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), heart rate, and emotional response (measured as valence) through the novel use of a facial recognition software.

This small pilot study showed users of the conventional, masonry building were more likely to have a physical and emotional response to auditory stimuli in comparison to the inhabitants of the mass timber building. Further research with more participants and more controls in the study are needed; however, the results of this study imply that working in a mass timber building may provide an “acoustic forgiveness factor” to its occupants.

Read the full paper here.

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INTENSITY OF REACTION

© 2019 from the UO ARCH 4/507 Design the Unseen, used with permission - Credit: Olivia Bain, Michelle Montiel, Lily Summers, Michael Yauk

A Unique Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration Between Architecture, Scientists and Industry at University of Oregon

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Design the Unseen Comparison of occupant-centric daylighting levels in windows for affordable housing in Portland, Oregon Funded by IHBE Build Health Industry Consortium and the University of Oregon Department of Architecture Molly Cuthbertson - SERA Travis Dang - SERA Mark Fretz - Instructor, IHBE/Department of Architecture Katherine Martin - Student, Department of Architecture Jason Stenson - ESBL/Department of Architecture Bentley Rager - Student, Department of Architecture Gauri Rajbaidya - SERA

ABSTRACT: This paper presents the results conducted from observing shade configurations and daylighting levels within an affordable housing bedroom unit. We conducted mainly qualitative data as the residents of the 82nd and Orchard building declined to participate in our study. Our quantitative data considered shade configuration, collected over a three-day period, and daylight factor using a physical model with photometric sensors. The results were compared to actual resident shade use over the course of the day to determine if a clerestory window outperforms a standard view glazing unit.

Read the full paper here.

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BUILD HEALTH 2019 - 2020

Sensors on vertical plane at eye height

Š 2019 from the UO ARCH 4/507 Design the Unseen, used with permission - Credit: Katherine Martin, Bentley Rager

A Unique Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration Between Architecture, Scientists and Industry at University of Oregon

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BUILD HEALTH 2019 - 2020

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BUILD HEALTH 2019 - 2020

Shade Status 100% 75% 50% 25% 0%

STANDARD WINDOW

CLEARSTORY WINDOW

Avg EML Overcast 1349.08 691.64 372.69 120.69 6.54

Avg EML Overcast 867.43 600.09 473.76 68.8 6.54

Meets WELL 54 Does not meet WELL Standard 54

© 2019 from the UO ARCH 4/507 Design the Unseen, used with permission - Credit: Katherine Martin, Bentley Rager

A Unique Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration Between Architecture, Scientists and Industry at University of Oregon

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Design the Unseen Clearing the air: impacts of plants on air particulates in passive ventilation Funded by IHBE Build Health Industry Consortium and the University of Oregon Department of Architecture Elise Braun - Student, Department of Architecture Thomas Cooper - Student, Department of Architecture Heather DeGrella - Opsis Mark Fretz - Instructor, IHBE/Department of Architecture Randall Heeb - Opsis John Schorb - Opsis Jason Stenson - ESBL/Department of Architecture Marsie Surguine - Student, Department of Architecture

ABSTRACT: The presence of air contaminants, such as fine particulate matter generated by transportation and other outdoor sources is linked to adverse effects on human health such as asthma, headaches, and irritation in the eyes. To improve the health and wellbeing of its employees and inform its professional practice, the architecture firm Opsis engaged with University of Oregon architecture students to study the presence and lowcost interventions to reduce air contaminants in their passively ventilated office space. The study consisted of a multi-phased experiment in the open office, testing the effect of plants on air particulates derived from outdoor sources measured at PM2.5 and PM10. The objectives of the study were to determine if there was a reduction in the number of air particulate levels measured after the intervention of plants. However, our experiments showed that plants were not able to significantly reduce particle counts through natural ventilation. Our data did support that increasing the plant density for the Sanseveria robusta (Snake plants), as well as combining both the Sanseveria robusta (Snake plants) and the Dracaena Marginata Colorama (Dracena) together, did have a slight impact on particle count reduction. The study also revealed other findings. One finding is that interior pollutants were more prevalent than exterior pollutants, indicating interior sources of pollutants and the recommendation for future testing to location the interior sources. Data collected from the exterior alludes to wind direction playing a role in the intake of outdoor pollutants into the indoors, but further study, especially by season, is recommended. In a lab test, moistening plants reduced particle counts more than dry plants, but scalability and practicality at an Figure 16: Interior plant intervention set-up at Opsis Architecture The two plant typesthe used were the the Dracaena office scaleoffice. is questionable.

Overall, data shows average Marginata Colorama and Sanseveria Robusta. Source: (Marsie Surguine particulate counts2019) are within acceptable EPA ranges. But, research literature indicates limits may not be low enough as health is impacted at levels lower than EPA limits. A final take-away is that we should continue to explore ways to improve outdoor air quality.

Read the full paper here.

Figure 17: Interior plant set-up office context. Source: (Marsie Surguine 2019) 42 INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH IN THEintervention BUILT ENVIRONMENT buildhealth.uoregon.edu

BUILD HEALTH 2019 - 2020

ROOF

roof particulates

highway + parking (east)

construction site (west)

STAIRWELL

DATE 10/25/19: Dylos Location Weather Station Location

N

Roof - Baseline + Plant Intervention Device Deployment

weather station

BASELINE TESTS

CONFERENCE ROOM Kestrel (875)

2 Kestrel (879)

3 MATERIAL ROOM

OPEN OFFICE

1

Kestrel (871)

4

Kestrel (876)

PRINTERS KITCHEN

LOUNGE

DATE 10/25/19: Dylos Locations Kestrel Locations

Level 02 - Baseline Device Deployment

N

© 2019 from the UO ARCH 4/507 Design the Unseen, used with permission - Credit: Elise Braun, Thomas Cooper, Marsie Surguine

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PASSIVE VENTILATION | OPERABLE WINDOWS windows open during study CONFERENCE ROOM MATERIAL ROOM NORTH UPPERS ALL DDC CONTROLLED; LOWERS ALL MANUAL CONTROLLED OPEN OFFICE PRINTERS KITCHEN LOUNGE

WEST UPPERS + LOWERS ALL DDC CONTROLLED

N

Level 02 - Operable Windows

EXPECTATION

window particle concentration

OBSERVED

typical even distribution

interior event spikes PM2.5 PM10

© 2019 from the UO ARCH 4/507 Design the Unseen, used with permission - Credit: Elise Braun, Thomas Cooper, Marsie Surguine

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BUILD HEALTH 2019 - 2020

CONTROLLED CHAMBER TESTS | AT LAB

Figure 26: One day of Particles showing the most concerning particle levels in our data. Source: (Elise Braun).

Intervention experiment results The plant intervention within the Opsis office involved more focused study. Two North-facing operable windows were compared, only one had our plant intervention of six plants: wiped, watered, and situated in the path of air flow. The result revealed no correlation between plants and improved air quality. As shown in figure 27, when the window was open, there was no significant particle reduction at the window with the plant installation compared to the window with no alteration. Furthermore, there was not any evidence that the plants were able to reduce particles in standard conditions nor during the interior spike events.

Before/After 1-Snake vs. 3-Snake Plants 15.01

16.00

14.59

14.33

Particles (µg/m³)

14.00

11.54

12.00 10.00 8.00 6.00

5.67

4.67

4.42

4.00

3.91

2.00

Figure 27:

North0.00 window and outdoorPM2.5 Before particle count comparison during plant intervention when windows were open.

Source: (chart Elise Braun, additional graphics Marsie Surguine)

PM2.5 After

PM10 Before

PM10 After

PM2.5 Before

1-Snake plant Plant 1-snake

PM2.5 After

PM10 Before

PM10 After

3-Snake Plants 3-snake plants

vs.

© 2019 from the UO ARCH 4/507 Design the Unseen, used with permission - Credit: Elise Braun, Thomas Cooper, Marsie Surguine

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BUILD HEALTH 2019 - 2020

Design the Unseen Lighting and the indoor microbiome: measuring the effect of LED lighting on E.coli Funded by IHBE Build Health Industry Consortium and the University of Oregon Department of Architecture Leslie Dietz - Biology Support Mark Fretz - Instructor, IHBE/Department of Architecture Patrick Horve - Biology Support Melisse Kuhn - Scott | Edwards Architecture Lindsey Naganuma - Student, Department of Architecture Isaac Wimer - Student, Department of Architecture

ABSTRACT: The more we learn about natural light’s direct correlation to microbiology and its ability to regulate the production and growth of bacteria, the more the topic brings into question the effect electric light has on indoor microbiomes of the built environment. This research study specifically looks at the effects of different LED light spectrum wavelengths and their effect on Escherichia coli (E.coli) bacteria growth. Three residential LED lamps were used to expose plated E.coli to a range in spectrum of three different controlled LED lighting systems, as well as daylighting and their individual effects on the growth of E.coli over the course of 48 hours. The results indicated that LED lighting with high levels of orange and blue light were equally more effective at reducing the viability of E.coli colonies than the daylight levels during the study. Then those results were compared to the light spectrum readings of different artificially light spaces in the Scott Edwards Architecture office.

Read the full paper here.

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BUILD HEALTH 2019 - 2020

(x 106)

Dark Control

Temp 70.36 F RH 35% Time 14.7 hours

Temp 72.20 F RH 40% Time 19 hours Light 1920 lux

daylight

daylight

daylight EL1

daylightEL1

EL1EL2

Temp 72.29 F RH 43% Time 19 hours Light 1920 lux

EL1 daylight

EL2

daylight EL2 EL3

EL1 EL2 EL3

EL1 EL3

Temp 72.11 F RH 40% Time 19 hours Light 1920 lux

EL2 EL3

daylight EL2

EL3

EL1 EL3

EL2

© 2019 from the UO ARCH 4/507 Design the Unseen, used with permission - Credit: Lindsey Naganuma, Isaac Wimer

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Mass Timber Studio Clackamas County Courthouse Funded by the University of Oregon Department of Architecture and TallWood Mikhail Gershfeld - Structural Consultant, Cal Poly Pomona Austin Gutierrez - Student, Department of Architecture Aizeder Iriondo - Student, Department of Architecture Alexandria McCord - Student, Department of Architecture Judith Sheine - Instructor, UO Architecture / TallWood Justin Stenkamp - Consultant, PAE Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg - Instructor, UO Architecture Molly Winter - Student, Department of Architecture

Funded by a grant from the US Forest Service, our studio partnered up with Clackamas County to propose a new design for their future county courthouse using mass timber in an effort to demonstrate and promote tall wood design. Adhering to the original RFP, the program required 250,000 sf.

Often government buildings seem like they were dropped in from cookie-cutter assembly lines. While full of metaphorical and timeless archetypes, the ‘courthouse’ typically falls in this category. Understanding that courthouses are intimidating monuments in the urban fabric, this building strives to pertain to the subjective experience and progression through the justice system by providing meaningful space that cares for it’s occupants while maintaining iconic monumentality.

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Š 2019 from the UO ARCH Clackamas County Courthouse Studio, used with permission - Credit: Austin Gutierrez, Aizeder Iriondo, Alex McCord, Molly Winter

A Unique Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration Between Architecture, Scientists and Industry at University of Oregon

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BUILD HEALTH 2019 - 2020

Š 2019 from the UO ARCH Clackamas County Courthouse Studio, used with permission - Credit: Austin Gutierrez, Aizeder Iriondo, Alex McCord, Molly Winter A Unique Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration Between Architecture, Scientists and Industry at University of Oregon

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Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg, PhD

Director, Institute for Health in the Built Environment Director, Energy Studies in Buildings Laboratory Co-Director, Biology and the Built Environment Center Associate Professor of Architecture

Mark Fretz

Associate Director of Knowledge Exchange Institute for Health in the Built Environment mfretz@uoregon.edu 503 412 3656 | cell 503 539 0033

College of Design | Portland 105A White Stag Building 70 NW Couch Street University of Oregon Portland, Oregon 97209

College of Design | Eugene 103 Pacific Hall University of Oregon Eugene, OR 97403-5231

buildhealth.uoregon.edu #DesigntheUnseen @UO_IHBE