MY FASHION BOOK OF WRITING BY ESMERALDA PEREZ
THE TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1:Pages 4 5 CHAPTER 2: Pages 6-7 CHAPTER 3:Page 8 CHAPTER 4:Page 9 CHAPTER 5: Page 10 CHAPTER 6: Pages 11 ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Page 12
Originally started as an assignment, this project opened up my eyes to the information we can all forget or miss. Whether its our fault or not, this book is to help refresh and restart the learning adventure of English. With the help of fashion, I was able to accomplish a book to help those remember the importance of the English Language. Why Fashion? Fashion is a major life style for many including myself. As a high school student appearance is key and have successfully made an outline for a book of learning using these t l
Introduction
PRONOUNS Pronounstaketheplaceofnounsthathavebeenestablished Personal: Nominative(subjects) Objective(objects) I/we me/us you/you you/you He,she,it,one/theyhim,her,it,one/them Possessive Mymine ourours Youryours youryours His,her,hers,its,ones their,theirs Relative: Nominative Objective Possessive who whom whose That that ofthat those/this Interrogative: whowhichwhatwhateverwhoever Reflexive:(personalpronounsplusthesuffixselforselves) Usedonly: whentheactionverbisdirectedtowardthesubjectoftheconstruction: Heboughthimselfapairofshoesbutendeduphatingthem tointensifyapoint: ThemoviedirectorhimselfdeliveredthespeechEventhoughitwashardwork“Icanfinishtheworedrovemyself”thestylistthought Demonstrative: this,these that,those Indefinite: allanotheranybodyanyoneanythingbotheacheithereverybodyeveryoneeverythingeverywherefewmanymuchneithernobodynonenoonenothingoneotherseveralsomebodysomeonesuch VERBS Verbsshowthetime,action,andstateofbeingofasubject Tense:verbsindicatetimeviatenses: simplepast past pastperfect pastprogressive simplepresent present presentperfect presentprogressive presentperfectprogressive future futureperfect Types:Thereareatleasteleven(11)typesofverbs: auxiliaryverbs(helpingverbs) linkingverbs(verbsthatdonotdescribeactionbutconnectthesubjectofasentencetootherpartsofthesentenceusuallythepredicate) lexicalverbs(mainverbs) dynamicverbs(indicateaction) stativeverbs(describeacondition) finitiveverbs(indicatetense) nonfinitiveverbs(infinitivesorparticiples) regularverbs(weakverbs) irregularverbs(strongverbs) transitiveverbs(verbsfollowedbyadirectobject) intransitiveverbs(verbsthatdonottakedirectobjects) Voice:VoiceistheformoftheverbthatindicateshowitrelatesorinteractswiththeactionTheEnglishlanguagehastwovoices:ACTIVEandPASSIVE Active:MrRodriguezgottheIDcardstoday Verbals:(VERBFORMSNOTUSEDASVERBS) Gerund:wordendinginingusedasanoun Theyoungmanhadanamazingposturewhilewalkingintherunway Theyoungmanremindedhimselftohavegoodposturewhilewalkingontherunway Infinitive:verbprecededbytheword“to”(togotojump)usedasnounsadjectivesoradverbs Theyoungwomandecidedtotryonthedressbeforethefashionshow ADJECTIVES Adjectivesmodify,describe,limit,andidentifynounsandpronouns Kinds:DemonstrativeCommonProper(Giveoneexampleofeachusingwordsrelatedtoyoursubject) TheParisfashionshowhadabeautifulyoungwomangivingthehonorsofopeningtheshow ADVERBS Adverbsmodifyverbsadjectivesandotheradverbs Endings(Createoneexamplerelatedtoyoursubjectforeach) Fashionly,fashionwise,Forwards Conversions(Showhowthreewordsrelatedtoyoursubjectcan becomeadverbsExample:“Educational”becomes“Educationally”) Fashion:fashionl Types: Manner,Frequency,Degree,Place,Time ExampleTypes:(Createoneexampleeachrelatedtoyoursubject) MannerEsmeraldalosttrackofTimewhiledoingherenglishhomework TimeEsmeraldawasunfortunatelylate PlaceEsmeraldawillinglygottoworkearly DegreeMrRodriguezdidanastronomicalJobintodayslesson (Howgoodhe?) FrequencyEsmeraldaoftenforgetstosigninonthedailycheckin (Howoftenisshepleasant?) CONJUNCTIONS Coordinating(FANBOYS):forandnorbutoryetso Correlative:Either/or;neither/nor;notonly/butalso;both/and;whether/or;as/so Subordinate:after,thoughas,asif,aslongas,asthought,because,before,if,inorderthat,providedthat,since,so,sothat,that,though,till,unless,when,where,whereas,while Relativepronouns:who(referstopeople)which(referstononlivingobjectoranimals)that(mayrefertoanimalsornonlivingobjects) PREPOSITIONS PrepositionslinknounspronounsandphrasestootherpartsofthesentencePrepositionsareNEVERfollowedbyverbsThereareonewordprepositionsandcomplexprepositionsThesearesomecommononeword prepositions: aboard,about,above,accordingto,across,acrossfrom,after,against,along,alongside,alongsideof,alongwith,amid,among,apartfrom,around,as,asfaras,asidefrom,at,awayfrom,backof,becauseof,before,behind, belowbeneathbesidebetweenbeyondbut(except)bybymeansofconcerningdespitedowndownfromexceptexceptexcludingforforfromfromamongfrombetweenfromunderininadditiontoinbehalfof includinginfrontofinplaceofinregardtoinsideinsideofinspiteofinsteadofintolikenearneartonotwithstandingofoffononaccountofonbehalfofontoontopofoppositeoutoutofoutsideoutsideof overovertoowingtopastpriortototowardunderunderneathuntiluntoupuponuptoversuswithwithinwithout INTERJECTIONS InterjectionsarethefinalpartofspeechFindandcopy/pasteanalphabeticallistofinterjectionshere ahaahemahhahoyalasargawbambingoblahboobravobrrrcheerscongratulationsDdangdratdarnduh EeekehencoreeurekaFfiddlesticksGgadzooksgeegeewhizgollygoodbyegoodnessgoodgriefgoshahhalasalrightyblahdanggeenahoopsphewshuckswoopsandyikes
GerundPhraseverbendingningthatfunctionsasanoun InfinitivePhraseverbsprecededbythewordto(toread,tostudy,towrite)thatfunctionasnouns,adjectvesoradverbs Wherefirmlymadevoguewhotheyare Kindlygivehairstylelistananswer Thatthedirecterwashappywhenthefashionshowfinishedsuccessfullywastotallyobvious Thehairstylistwselycheckedthathehadhairspray Thissthefashonschoolwherestudentstriumphantlydowell(where sanintroductoryword) ThereisthesuitthatIabsolutelyneeded Thedressthatyouwantedisclearlywithnyourgrasp Voguesinstagramstoryisobviouslytheonewhogotthemostviews(ONEistheantecedentofWHOandismodifiedbytheadjectiveclause) Theregoesthemakeupartistwhosemakeupisusuallyclassy(TEACHERstheantecedentofwhoseandismodifiedby OLLLoo]theadectiveclause) Makeupclassinformatvelyteacheshowrelativehumidityistheamountofwatervaporthattheaircontains Isthisthedressthatyousovehementlywant?(thatisthedirectobjectofwant) Belahadudisthepayerwhomheshylychallengedtoaduel(whomisthedirectobjectofchallenged) Therecommendationlettertowhichyoureferhassadybeenlost(whichistheobectoftheprepositionto) KendalJennerisanrunwaymodelwhoeasilyshrugsoffcriticism(whoisthesubjectofshrugs) Theyunfortunatelyputthegoodiebagswhereafewcouldseeit(place) Whentheshowfinallystarted everyonesatdown(time) Wesluggishlyleftthelbecauseweweretired(purpose) Thefashiondesignertalkedasifshewerepassionatelytryingtogetthehonortomakeaclothingline(condition) Vouchesrunwayshowseemstwiceaslongastusedtobe(howmuch) Gighadidisasamusinglyfunnyastheothermodels (towhatextent) BelaRehearsedharderthanhersisterstypicallydid(condition) ThemodelsWhofinshesgettingreadyfirstwillearnanindugentlytastycooke Whenshopping theshoperlooksoutforthercorrectszeEssentalClauses:Clausesnecessarytothemeanngofthesentence ThecoursethatmostinterestsKendalJennerisclearlyfashonculture MrFettesmakeuplessons,whichbegansixmonthsagoareregretfullyover GerundPhraseverbendingningthatfunctionsasanoun InfinitivePhraseverbsprecededbythewordto(toreadtostudytowrite)thatfunctionasnounsadjectvesoradverbs Wherefirmlymadevoguewhotheyare Kindlygivehairstylelistananswer Thatthedirecterwashappywhenthefashionshowfinishedsuccessfullywastotallyobvious Thehairstylistwselycheckedthathehadhairspray Thissthefashonschoolwherestudentstriumphantlydowell(“where”sanintroductoryword) ThereisthesuitthatIabsolutelyneeded Thedressthatyouwantedisclearlywithnyourgrasp Voguesinstagramstoryisobviouslytheonewhogotthemostviews(ONEistheantecedentofWHOandismodifiedbytheadjectiveclause) Theregoesthemakeupartistwhosemakeupisusuallyclassy(TEACHERstheantecedentofwhoseandismodifiedby OLLLoo]theadectiveclause) Makeupclassinformatvelyteacheshowrelativehumidityistheamountofwatervaporthattheaircontains Isthisthedressthatyousovehementlywant?(thatisthedirectobjectofwant) Belahadudisthepayerwhomheshylychallengedtoaduel(whomisthedirectobjectofchallenged) Therecommendationlettertowhichyoureferhassadybeenlost(whichistheobectoftheprepositionto) KendalJennerisanrunwaymodelwhoeasilyshrugsoffcriticism(whoisthesubjectofshrugs) Theyunfortunatelyputthegoodiebagswhereafewcouldseeit(place) Whentheshowfinallystarted everyonesatdown(time) Wesluggishlyleftthelbecauseweweretired(purpose) Thefashiondesignertalkedasifshewerepassionatelytryingtogetthehonortomakeaclothingline(condition) Vouchesrunwayshowseemstwiceaslongastusedtobe(howmuch) Gighadidisasamusinglyfunnyastheothermodels (towhatextent) BelaRehearsedharderthanhersisterstypicallydid(condition) ThemodelsWhofinshesgettingreadyfirstwillearnanindugentlytastycooke
Phrases groupsofwordsthatfunctionasapartofspeech
PHRASESandCLAUSES
Whenshopping,theshoperlooksoutforthercorrectszeEssentalClauses:Clausesnecessarytothemeanngofthesentence
NounPhrase:Agroupofwordsconsistingofnounsorpronounsandtheirmodifersthatfunctionasanoun Allthefashionmodelswereterrfiedofslippngoffthestage VerbPhrase:Agroupofwordsconsstingofverbsworkingtogetherandthatfunctionasaverb ThefashiondesignersknewtheywouldbeworkinghardthisweekendinordertocompleteVogueslook PrepositionalPhrase:Agroupofwordsthatbeginswithaprepositionandendswithanounandfunctionsasanadjectiveoranadverb aboardthecruiseshp AppositivePhrase:Agroupofwordsthatincludeallthewordsthatmodifyanappositiveandfunctonasanadjective ITMUSTBESURROUNDEDBYCOMMAS BelaHadid,anewfashionmodelworkedveryhardtogetonthecoverofVogueVerbalPhrases:Agroupofwordsthatbeginwithaverbalandendswithanoun RunningdownthestreetthefashonshowspectatorsfinallysawtheentranceParticipalPhrasewordendingining(presentparticple)ored(pastparticple)thatfunctionsasanadjective Thepeoplesmagazinerunwaymodesquicklylefttheabandonedfittngroom Manyrunwaymodelsactualyknewitwastimetopracticetheirwalkfortheshow CLAUSES Clauses groupsofwordswithBOTHasubectandaverbthatfunctionaspartsofspeechThereareTWOkinds:IndependentandDependent(called“Subordnate”) INDEPENDENT CANstandaloneasacompletesentenceknownasasimplesentencepattern Fashionschoolrequiresstudentstoworkreallyhard DEPENDENT(SUBORDINATE) CANNOTstandaloneasacompetesentence andMUSTbeginwithaSUBORDINATECONJUNCTIONThereareseven(7)kinds NounCause:Usedasthenounnasentenceandmayfunctionasasubjectapredicatenoun,adirectobject,anobectofaprepostion,anindirectobect,oranappostive AdjectiveClause:UsedtomodifyanouninanindependentclauseSomeadectiveclausesbeginwithanintroductoryword Someadjectiveclausesbeginwithrelativepronouns: AdverbCause:Usedtomodifyverbs,adjectives,andadverbsinanindependentclause,introducedbyasubordnateconjunctonandusedtoindicatetime,place,causepurpose,resut,conditon,and/orconcession Modifyingverbs: Modifyingadjectives: Modifyngadverbs: RelativeClauses:Dependentcausethatbeginswitharelativepronoun ElipticalCauses:Adverbclausesinwhchpartoftheclauseisomitted NonessentiaClauses:ClausesthatareNOTnecessarytothemeaningofthesentence Phrases groupsofwordsthatfunctionasapartofspeech NounPhrase:Agroupofwordsconsistingofnounsorpronounsandtheirmodifersthatfunctionasanoun Allthefashionmodelswereterrfiedofslippngoffthestage VerbPhrase:Agroupofwordsconsstingofverbsworkingtogetherandthatfunctionasaverb ThefashiondesignersknewtheywouldbeworkinghardthisweekendinordertocompleteVogueslook PrepositionalPhrase:Agroupofwordsthatbeginswithaprepositionandendswithanoun,andfunctionsasanadjectiveoranadverb aboardthecruiseshp AppositivePhrase:Agroupofwordsthatincludeallthewordsthatmodifyanappositiveandfunctonasanadjective ITMUSTBESURROUNDEDBYCOMMAS BelaHadidanewfashionmodelworkedveryhardtogetonthecoverofVogueVerbalPhrases:Agroupofwordsthatbeginwithaverbalandendswithanoun RunningdownthestreetthefashonshowspectatorsfinallysawtheentranceParticipalPhrasewordendingining(presentparticple)ored(pastparticple)thatfunctionsasanadjective Thepeoplesmagazinerunwaymodesquicklylefttheabandonedfittngroom Manyrunwaymodelsactualyknewitwastimetopracticetheirwalkfortheshow CLAUSES Clauses groupsofwordswithBOTHasubectandaverbthatfunctionaspartsofspeechThereareTWOkinds:IndependentandDependent(calledSubordnate) INDEPENDENT CANstandaloneasacompletesentenceknownasasimplesentencepattern Fashionschoolrequiresstudentstoworkreallyhard DEPENDENT(SUBORDINATE) CANNOTstandaloneasacompetesentence andMUSTbeginwithaSUBORDINATECONJUNCTIONThereareseven(7)kinds NounCause:Usedasthenounnasentenceandmayfunctionasasubjectapredicatenounadirectobjectanobectofaprepostionanindirectobectoranappostive AdjectiveClause:UsedtomodifyanouninanindependentclauseSomeadectiveclausesbeginwithanintroductoryword Someadjectiveclausesbeginwithrelativepronouns: AdverbCause:Usedtomodifyverbsadjectivesandadverbsinanindependentclauseintroducedbyasubordnateconjunctonandusedtoindicatetimeplacecausepurposeresutconditonand/orconcession Modifyingverbs: Modifyingadjectives: Modifyngadverbs: RelativeClauses:Dependentcausethatbeginswitharelativepronoun ElipticalCauses:Adverbclausesinwhchpartoftheclauseisomitted NonessentiaClauses:ClausesthatareNOTnecessarytothemeaningofthesentence
ThecoursethatmostinterestsKendalJennerisclearlyfashonculture MrFettesmakeuplessonswhichbegansixmonthsagoareregretfullyover
SENTENCES Sentence–asetofwordsthatcontainsasubjectandapredicateandconveysastatement,command,question,oranexclamation.SentencePartsSubject–what/whothesentenceisaboutThefashionschoolstudentspatientlylearnedaboutthecolorwheelPredicate–whatthesubjectdoesThefashionshowstudentspatientlylearnedthecolorwheel.SentenceTypesFashion4TEMPLATEANDGUIDELINESSDeclarative–asentencethatmakesastatement(endswithaperiodmark)Learningtosewhelpsstudentscreateclothing.Imperative–asentencethatmakesacommand(endswithaperiodmark)Learntostitchbetterwhensewingimmediately.Interrogative–asentencethatasksaquestion(endswithaquestionmark)Whywouldanyonenotwanttowritebettersentences?Exclamatory–asentencethatexpressesgreatemotion,passion,excitement(endswithanexclamationmark)Thatwalkwassomuchbetter!SentencePatternsSimpleSentence:Asentencethatisjustoneindependentclause.Mostclothingprojectsforschoolareintheformofasimplestitchpattern. PrattForParallelCompoundSentence:Asentencewithmultipleindependentclauses,butnodependentclauses-connectedbyFANBOYS(coordinatingconjunctions)orasemicolon(;).Manyprojectsforfashionschooltakeuptime,buttheyallcanbefinished.ComplexSentence:Asentencewithoneindependentclauseandatleastonedependentclause.Whenyousetupaplan,yoursketchescanregularlygetdoneontime.Complex-CompoundSentence:Asentencewithmultipleindependentclausesandatleastonedependentclause.Whetheryouplanaheadornot,mostmakeupandhairgetdonebeforetheshow,butitcantakeupalotoftime.LooseSentence:Asentencethatcontainsanindependentclauseplusasubordinateconstruction(eitheraclauseorphrase)withyourmainpointatthebeginning.Fashionschoolisgoingtochangeyourlife,nomatterwhatyoumajorinorhowlongittakesyoutofinish.PeriodicSentence:Asentenceinwhichtheindependentclauseisgivenattheendofthesentenceinordertocreateinterestorgeneratesuspensewiththemainpointcomingattheend.Nomatterwhatyoumajorinorhowlongittakes,fashionschoolwillchangeyourlife.Structure:Asentenceusingthesamepatternoftwoormoreverbsorideasthatmatchintenseorstructuretoshowthattheyareofequalimportanceandtohelpthereadercomprehendwhatisbeingwritten-thissentencerequiressymmetry.Prattinstitutestudentstendtoworkhard,tostayawakeatnight,andtosucceedwhereothersfail.BalancedSentence:Asentencewherephrasesorclausesatthebeginningandtheendparalleleachotherbyvirtueoftheirlikenessofstructure,meaning,orlength-thissentencerequiressymmetry.Prattstudentsspendtheirdaysturningoldassignmentsinandtakingnewassignmentshome.Chiasmus:Asentencethatincludesarepetitionofideas(words,phrases,orclauses)ininverted(reversed)order-thissentencerequiressymmetry.Prattstudentsmaketheschoolwhatitisanditwouldbenothingwithoutthem.Asyndeton:Asentencethatleavesoutconjunctionsbetweenwords,phrases,orclausesforarhetoricalpurpose.Runwaymodelstypicallyexhibitstudiousness,tenacity,grit,excellence.Polysyndeton:Asentencethatusesmultipleconjunctionsincloseproximitytoeachotherbetweenwords,phrases,orclausesforarhetoricalpurpose.Prattstudentstypicallyexhibitstudiousnessandtenacityandgritand,ultimately,excellence.Anaphora:Asentencethatfeaturesthepurposefulrepetitionofaword,words,oraphraseatthebeginningofseveralsuccessiveclausesinordertoplaceemphasisanddrawattention.somanypeople,fashionschoollcanbethebesttimeoftheirlives,whileforothersfashionschoolistheworstpartoftheirlives,butmostwillagreethatfashionschoolcanfeellikethelongestpartoftheirlives.Epistrophe:Asentencefeaturingseveralphrasesorclausesendingwiththesamewordorwords.studentssooftenspendtheirdaystalkingforschool,theirnightsworkingforschool,theirbreaksthinkingaboutschoolthatitsometimescanfeelliketheyliveonlyforschool.SentenceErrorsRun-On/Rambling/FusedSentence–asentenceconstructionerrorwheretwoormoreindependentclausesareconnectedincorrectlywithoutpunctuation.Thestudentswantedtostopworkingontheirclothinglineprojecttheyneededtodoworkforotherprojectstheyhadnotime.[WRONG]ThestudentswantedtostopworkingontheirclothinglineprojectBECAUSEtheyneededtodoworkforotherprojectsANDtheyhadnotime.[RIGHT]CommaSplice–asentenceconstructionerrorwheretwoormoreindependentclausesareconnectedincorrectlyusingcommasThestudentswantedtostopworkingontheirclothingline,theyneededtodoworkforotherprojects,theyhadnotime.[WRONG]Thestudentswantedtostopworkingontheirclothingline.Theyneededtodoworkforotherprojects;theyhadnotime.[RIGHT]Fragment–incompletesentencepiecesthatarenotconnectedtoordonotformanindependentclauseBecausethemodelshadnotime.[WRONG]Becausethemodelshadnotime,theyhadtowalkfaster.[RIGHT]Misplaced/DanglingModifiers–modifiersarewords,phrases,orclausesthatadddescription;amisplacedmodifierdescribesthewrongpartofasentenceandadanglingmodifierismissingthepartit’ssupposedtomodifyAttherunwayshow,themakeupartistgavealipsticktothemodelthatwasvintagedior.[WRONG]Attheshowthemakeupartistlipstickthatvintagediortothemodel[RIGHT]
PARAGRAPHS Paragraphs–agroupofsentencesthattogetherconveyasharedpurposestructuredaroundthesametopic. IntroductoryParagraphs(Introductions) AnecdotalHook(Lead/OpeningStatement)–canbeginwiththetitle(Briefstorytosetthemoodandleadthereaderintothetopic) Ex.neverFashionhasbeenaroundsincehumansexisted.Itsawaywecanexpressourselvesandtellastory.Fashionchangeseveryfewyears,itswhatssoexistingaboutit,youknowwhatnewfashiontrentsarecoming.Butfashionismorethenjustclothing,fashionismakeup,hair,shoesetc.QueryBased(Questionthatbringsthereadertothetopic-avoidsecondpersonPOV“you”) Ex.Doestheusageofmakeupreallyhaveanegativeimpactonaperson’sselfesteem? ThesisStatements(thepurposeofapieceofwriting–usuallyonesentenceinlength,butcanbelongerdependingonthepurpose–mustbesomethingthatisarguable)Assertion(claim-asubject+a“sowhat”aboutthesubject) Ex.Makeupprovidesverylittlenutritionalcontentandshouldbeavoided. Fact(empiricallyverifiablebutoftendifficulttoargueextensivelyabout-betterusedasevidencetosupportaclaim) Ex.Opinionmakeupiscomparativelyinexpensive.(personalpositiononatopic) Ex.MACmakesabsolutelythebestmakeup. Belief(social,religious,orpoliticalinnature–anopinionheldbymanytobeafact,thoughitisnotnecessarilyfactual–ofteninvolvesajudgement) Ex. none,GeneralizationIndulginginthetemptationofwearingmakeupissinfullywrong.(usesabsoluteorstatisticalpronouns:all,always,every,never,most,half–avoidusingthistypeofthesisstatementunlesscitingthesourceofthedata ) Ex. DocumentEverythingsoldatmakeupstoreshorriblyharmsaperson’sface.Based(citesaspecificsource,author,andpositiononatopic) Ex. TheoryexcruciatinglyInthemakeupindustry,jefreestararguesthatthemakeupindustryhasdeepeffectsonpeople’sfaceandoutcomesbyillustratingtheunsanitarynatureofmanymakeupingredients.(astatementthatcanbetestedandpotentiallyproven-oftenanswersaresearchquestion) Ex.Makeupcansystematicallyleadtoselfesteemproblemsinyoungpeople. Clarification/ExpansionofThesis(couldextendthethesis,previewtheevidencesupportingthethesis,givethepurposeofthesis,establishtheimportanceorsignificanceofexaminingtheintricaciesofthethesis–thiscouldbeseveralsentenceslong) Ex.Jefreestarexpandsonhisclaimbyexaminingthevariousmakeupproductsthatcanhookpeopleonmakeup,particularlyatanearlyage,alongwithreportsaboutthenegativehealthimpactsofprocessedMakeup.(previewofevidence) Ex.Jefreestarexaminesyehoften-disturbingstateofmakeuptestingproduction inorderto discouragepeoplefrombuyingmakeup.(purposeofthesis) Ex. outcomesThisinformationabouttheconnectionbetweenmakeupandselfesteemmightleadtocrucialreformsinthemakeupindustry.(establishingtheimportanceorsignificanceofthesis) BodyParagraphs(musthaveechoesofthethesisineachANDpresentevidencetosupportorexpandonthethesis) TopicSentences(mustspecificallyindicatethetopicoftheparagraphandfocusononesubjectand/orareaofevidenceorsupport–couldstartwitha“TransitionofLogic”thatconnectstothepreviousparagraphtogivecontext) Ex.Additionally,multiplesourcesindicatethattheuseofmakeuphasadramaticimpactonmentalhealth. (Noweverysentenceinthisparagraphmustberelatedtothe connectionbetweenfastfoodandhealth) PresentingEvidencefromQuotations(quotesshouldNEVERbeusedasindividualsentences–quotesshouldbeembeddedwithinsentences) ORIGINALQUOTE–“Fastfoodcanhaveadverseeffectsonpeople’shealth”(Schlosser73). Ex.Severalresearchersagree,“foundapositivecorrelationbetweenfrequentuseofcosmeticsandanxiety,self-consciousness,andconformity.’’(Robertsonandcolleagues). Ex.“foundapositivecorrelationbetweenfrequentuseofcosmeticsandanxiety,self-consciousness,andconformity.”accordingtoseveralresearchers(Robertsonandcolleagues). Ex.UnfortunatelyRobertsonandcolleagues,“foundapositivecorrelationbetweenfrequentuseofcosmeticsandanxiety,self-consciousness,andconformity.”accordingtoseveralresearchers(Robertsonandcolleagues). Ex.Unfortunatelyforpatrons,“founda(positive)correlationbetweenfrequentuseofcosmeticsandanxiety,self-consciousness,andconformity”(Robertsonandcolleagues). Ex.Unfortunatelyforpatrons,“foundapositive(cosmetics)…anxiety,self-consciousness,andconformity…[a]ffects…people’shealth”(Robertsonandcolleagues73).ExaminingtheEvidenceParaphrasing(rewordingofaquoteintootherwordsofthesamelengthwithoutquotationmarks,butstillcitingthesource-usefulforexaminingthequoteandtransitioningtoyouranalysisofthequote) ORIGINALQUOTE–“Fastfoodcanhaveadverseeffectsonpeople’shealth”(Schlosser73).Ex. SummarizingPARAPHRASE–People’shealthmaybenegativelyimpactedbyfastfood(Schlosser73).(condensinglargerquotesorsections-usefulforclosingtheexaminationofthequote/evidenceandtransitioningtoyouranalysisofthequote) ORIGINALQUOTE–“Fastfoodcanhaveadverseeffectsonpeople’shealth”(Schlosser73). Ex.SUMMARY–makeupcanharm,one'sselfesteem.AbstractExamples(hypothetical,“whatif”examplesthatdonotrefertoasource–AVOID USINGTHEMASEVIDENCE–butusefulforexaminingthequote) Ex.Peoplemightcreateahealthyrelationshipwiththeirselfesteemiftheystoppedusingsomuchmakeup.ConcreteExamples(actualexamplesthatdorefertoasource–usefulforenhancingyouranalysisofthequote) Ex.Astudyinthe2008DONEBY Robertsonandcolleaguesshowedthatthere’sapositivecorrelationbetweenfrequentuseofcosmeticsandanxiety,self-consciousness,andconformity ClosingSentences(mustendthediscussionofthetopicwithintheparagraphwithatransitionalorculminatingword–possiblyanadverb–andshouldechothethesisoftheessay) Ex.Clearly,validauthoritiesonthesubjectofmakeupagreeaboutitsoftenstartlingandconsistentlynegativementalhealtheffects. ClosingParagraphs(Conclusions–shouldnotbemeresummariesofthepreviousparagraphsofyouressay) ConsequencesofDisregardingtheThesis(establishingthepotentialconsequencesofdisregardingtheimplicationsofthethesis–CREATINGACOUNTERARGUMENT–couldbeoneormoresentences) Ex.Ifthemassuseofmakeupwastrulysafeforpeople’shealth,thereprobablywouldnotbesuchanabundanceofselfesteemissuesplaguingthenation.Statement(s)ofExtension(extendingtheconsequencesofdisregardingtheimplicationsofthethesis–couldbeoneormoresentences) Ex.Assuch,thenationalepidemicoflowselfesteemseemscloselyconnectedwiththeabundanceofmakeupstoresavailabletoconsumersineverycornerofAmerica.ReestablishingtheSignificanceoftheThesis(couldbeoneormoresentences) Ex.FinalThus,astheprevalenceofacademicresearchindicates,makeupuserscarryoutmorethanjustthecontentsofamakeupbag–theycarryoutthepotentialforbothmentalandselfesteemissues.Sentence(closingstatementthatconnectstothehookandfinishestheessay(finishyourargument)–the“SmokytheBear”/”Dropthemic”/dotdotdotmoment…) Ex.Sogivenallthementalproblemsassociatedmakeup,maybeallthemakeuppeoplereceiveasawaytofeelprettierarenotsohappyafterall…
Choose a point of view Write an introductory paragraph ending in a thesis statement. ... Carefully organize the body of your essay. ... Craft clear topic sentences. ... Populate your essay with evidence Provide space for contrasting opinions. ESSAYS Essays n essay is a piece of writing that is written to convince someone of something or to simply inform the reader about a particular topic. ... The main parts (or sections) to an essay are the intro, body, and conclusion Types Explain each type of essay and state its purpose Persuasive (Argumentative) Expository (Informative) Definition or Description Process (How to) Compare and Contrast Cause and Effect Analytical/Critical Evaluative Interpretive Narrative (Tells a story) Personal Statement/Anecdote Research Timed Document Based Question (DBQ) Synthesis Strategies/Planning Tips/Steps 1 2. 3. 4. 5 6. Pre writing/Prompt Analysis/Outlining Researching/Evaluating of Sources Work Cited Page MLA (Modern Language Association) format is used for humanities and literature works. APA (American Psychological Association) is used for technical and scientific works. Each writing style is formatted to make citations for that specific field easier
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
My name is Esmeralda Perez, I am in 11th grade And i attend Francisco medical magnet high school. I decided to write this book because I've always been really passionate about being able to express myself. And because I'm not a very good writer,nor interested in any of those hobbies. I found that expressing myself through clothing was best. Which is the reason why I choose fashion as my topic for my book of writing.
