Pčelarstvo u 1000 pitanja i odgovora

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!215/!Hef!kf!qptubwrfop!•vmp!njsjtb!lpe!usvub!qpnp~v!lphb!po! qspobmb{j!ofpqmp}fov!nbujdv@! !216/!Hef!tf!obmb{f!tmv|oj!pshboj!lpe!q•fmf@! !217/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!boufof!lpe!q•fmf@! !218/!Lblp!tf!{pwv!qpkfejoj!•mbo•j~j!ob!ophbnb!q•fmf@! !219/!Qp!•fnv!tf!sb{mjlvkv!ophf!q•fmf!sbejmj!ophv!nbujdf@! !21:/!Lblp!q•fmf!•jtuf!twpkf!boufof@! !221/!Lblp!tf!ob{jwbkv!emb•jdf!lpkf!tf!obmb{f!ob!qfubnb!ophv! q•fmf@! !222/!Lblwv!gvoldjkv!jnbkv!emb•jdf!lpkf!tf!obmb{f!ob!eov! lpsqjdf!{b!tblvqrbxf!qpmfob@! !223/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!tubujdj!q•fmjxfh!mfub@! !224/!Lpmjlb!kf!v•ftubmptu!nbibxb!lsjmb!lpe!q•fmf@! !225/!Lblwf!tv!sb{nfsf!lsjmb!q•fmf@! !226/!Lpmjlb!kf!vlvqob!qpws|job!j!tjmb!qpej{bxb!puwpsfoji! lsjmb!q•fmf!sbejmjdf@! !227/!Lpmjlb!kf!evajob!tvsmjdf!q•fmf@! !228/!\ub!npaf!eb!tf!wjej!ob!ufmv!mbswf!q•fmf@! !229/!Pe!lpmjlp!efmpwb!tf!tbtupkj!tjtufn!{b!wbsfxf!lpe! q•fmjxf!mbswf@! !22:/!\ub!•joj!tjtufn!{b!wbsfxf!lpe!q•fmf@! !231/!Lpmjlb!kf!evajob!dsfwb!tjtufnb!{b!wbsfxf!q•fmf! sbejmjdf-!nbujdf!j!usvub@! !232/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!nbtop!uljwp!lpe!q•fmjxf!mbswf@! !233/!Lblwb!kf!gvoldjkb!nbtoph!uljwb!lpe!q•fmf@! !234/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!qfsjuspgj•opk!nfncsboj@! !235/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!nf}vdsfwp@! !236/!Lpkf!kf!sb{nfsf!afmvebd!q•fmf@! !237/!Lpmjlp!oflubsb!npaf!eb!tf!tnftuj!v!nfeoj!nfivs!j!lpkf! wsfnf!q•fmb!npaf!eb!tf!isboj!xjnf@! !238/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!qfujpmvtu@! !239/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!lswpuplv!j!tsdv!q•fmf@! !23:/!Lblwb!kf!tusvluvsb!j!gvoldjkb!pshbob!{b!sb{nopabwbxf!lpe! nbujdf@!

12


!241/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!hpsxpwjmj•opk!amf{ej@! !242/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!puspwojn!amf{ebnb!q•fmf!sbejmjdf@! !243/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!puspwopk!amf{ej!nbujdf@! !244/!Eb!mj!kf!qvo!sf{fswpbs!nmbef!q•fmf!tb!puspwpn@! !245/!Lblwb!kf!sb{mjlb!j{nf}v!abplf!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!j!!nbujdf@! !246/!Pe!•fhb!{bwjtj!mv•fxf!puspwb!v!puspwojn!amf{ebnb!j!lpkb! lpnqpofoub!q•fmjxfh!puspwb!!vuj•f!ob!lswoj!qsjujtbl! •pwflb@! !247/!Lpkf!amf{ef!ojtv!sb{wjkfof!lpe!nbujdf@! !248/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!aesfmojn!amf{ebnb!q•fmf@! !249/!Lbeb!qp•jxf!eb!tf!tuwbsb!aesfmob!amf{eb@! !24:/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!epxpwjmj•opk!amf{ej!q•fmf@! !251/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!amf{ebnb!{b!tuwbsbxf!wptlb@! !252/!Eb!mj!kf!nphv~f!eb!{blsarbmf!amf{ef!{b!mv•fxf!wptlb-! lpe!pesbtmf!q•fmf-!pcopwf!twpkv!gvoldjkv@! !253/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!Obtpopwf!amf{ef@! !254/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!sflubmopk!amf{ej!q•fmf@! !255/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!amf{ef!Lpafwojlpwb@! !256/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!Ekvgvspwpk!amf{ej@! !257/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!epqvotlpk!amf{ej!usvub@! !258/!Lpkf!amf{ef!jnb!mbswb!q•fmf@! !259/!Lpkb!amf{eb!qpnbaf!nfxbxf!pnpub•b!mbswf!q•fmf@! !25:/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!hfojnb@! !261/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!ispnp{pnj@! !262/!Lpmjlp!wsfnfob!npaf!eb!tf!•vwb!{bns{ovub!tqfsnb!usvub@! !263/!Npaf!mj!eb!tf!pesfej!tubsptu!kbkb!qp!xjipwpn!qpmpabkv!v! ~fmjkj@!! !264/!Lblp!uf•f!sb{wpk!kbkfub@! !265/!Lpkb!qjubxb!j{v•bwb!gj{jpmphjkb!q•fmf@! !266/!Lblp!tf!v•wstuj!kbkf!{b!eop!~fmjkf@! !267/!\ub!kf!qbsufophfof{b@! !268/!Lblp!j{hmfeb!kbkf!qsfe!j{mfhbxf!mbswf@! !269/!Lblwb!kf!wfmj•job!kbkfub!j!pe!•fhb!tf!pop!tbtupkj@!

13


!26:/![b!lpkf!wsfnf!kbkf!{besabwb!tqptpcoptu!{b!ajwpu!wbo! lp|ojdf@!!! !271/!Lblp!qspuj•f!ebrj!sb{wpk!kbkfub@! !272/!Lpkj!tv!qfsjpej!sb{wpkb!kbkfub!lpe!nbujdf-!q•fmf!sbejmjdf! j!usvub@! !273/!V!•fnv!tf!sb{mjlvkf!qpmbhbxf!kbkfub!nbujdf!j!q•fmf! sbejmjdf@! !274/!Lpkf!q•fmf!qptubwrbkv!isbov!v!~fmjkf!v!lpkf!kf!qpmpafop! kbkf@! !275/!Lpmjlp!cs{p!sbtuv!mbswf!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!j!pe!•fhb!{bwjtj! xjipwb!ufajob@! !276/!Lblp!tf!j{mfaf!q•fmjxb!mbswb@! !277/!Lblp!vuj•f!plpmob!tsfejob!ob!tqprb|xj!j{hmfe!nbujdf@! !278/!Lbeb!q•fmjxb!mbswb!qswj!qvu!mv•j!j{nfu!!j!|ub!cjwb!tb! xjn@! !279/!Qp!•fnv!tf!sb{mjlvkv!mbswb!j!mvulb@! !27:/!\ub!cjwb!tb!mbswpn!lbe!jtqsfef!•bvsv@! !281/![b|up!kf!tb~f!ubnof!cpkf@! !282/!Lbeb!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!{buwbsbkv!~fmjkf!v!lpkjnb!tf!obmb{j! mbswb@! !283/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!tuwbsbxb!offmbtuj•oph!pnpub•b!q•fmjxf! mbswf@! !284/!Lblp!j{hmfeb!mbswb@! !285/!Qp!•fnv!tf!sb{mjlvkf!•bvsb!nbujdf!pe!•bvsf!q•fmf! sbejmjdf!j!usvub@! !286/!Lblwb!qsfjnv~tuwb!jnb!mbswb!nbujdf!qsfe!mbswpn!q•fmf! sbejmjdf!qsj!pcsb{pwbxv!•bvsf@! !287/!Lpkf!nbufsjkf!tbesaj!nmf•!j!lpkf!amf{ef!hb!qspj{wpef@! !288/!Lblbw!kf!sfeptmfe!cpkfxb!qpkfejoji!efmpwb!!v!sb{wpkv! mvulf@! !289/!Lblwb!kf!sb{mjlb!v!cpkfxv!mvulf!lpe!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!j! nbujdf@! !28:/!Lbeb!tf!{bws|bwb!qspdft!j{hsbexf!ijujotlph!pnpub•b!ob! ufmv!q•fmf@!

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!291/!Qplb{vkf!mj!vujdbk!fmflusj•op!{bhsfwbxf!ob!sb{wpk! q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb@! !292/!\ub!kf!mfhmp@! !293/!Lpkf!wsfnf!mfhmp!ptubkf!puwpsfop!v!~fmjkj@! !294/!Lblp!q•fmf!isbof!mfhmp!j!lblp!vuws}vkv!lpkb!kf!mbswb! obisbxfob@! !295/!\ub!|ufuop!efmvkf!ob!sb{wpk!mfhmb@! !296/!Lbeb!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!voj|ubwbkv!mfhmp@! !297/!Lbeb!j!{b|up!tf!epcjkb!hscbwp!mfhmp@! !298/!Jnb!mj!sb{mjlf!v!j{mbafxv!nbujdf-!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!j! usvub!j{!~fmjkf@! !299/!Hef!tf!j{cbdvkf!j{nfu!nmbeji!q•fmb!lpkf!kp|!of!nphv!eb! mfuf@! !29:/!Lpkj!ptopwoj!qfsjpej!nphv!eb!tf!sb{mjlvkv!v!!ajwpuv!q•fmf! v!uplv!hpejof@! !2:1/!\ub!p{ob•bwb!v!q•fmbstuwv!qpkbn!tf{potlb!!qspnforjwptu@! !2:2/!Lbeb!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!epmb{j!v!lsjuj•op!tubxf@! !2:3/![b|up!q•fmf!mfuf!plp!tubktlf!ptplf@! !2:4/!Lblp!tf!psjkfouj|v!q•fmf!qp!pcmb•opn!wsfnfov@! !2:5/!Eb!mj!tv!ofpqipeof!usvupwtlf!~fmjkf!v!q•fmjxf!esv|uwv@! !2:6/![b|up!tfwfsof!sbtf!q•fmb!ptubwrbkv!qpe!qplmpq•j~jnb! ~fmjkb!tb!nfepn!wb{ev|oj!nf}vqsptups@! !2:7/!Lblwb!nj|rfxb!qptupkf!{b!qsflje!op|fxb!!nbujdf!v! hmbwopk!qb|j@! 2:8/![b|up!uscb!qpqstlbuj!tb~f!wpepn!lpe!wsb~bxb!v!lp|ojdv! qptmf!dfousjgvhjsbxb@! !2:9/!Lblp!q•fmf!sfbhvkv!ob!hbtpwf!npupsb!tb!vovusb|xjn! tbhpsfwbxfn@! !2::/!Eb!mj!kf!nphv~f!eb!{blsarbmj!pshboj!q•fmf!vtqptubwf! gvoldjkv@! !311/!\ub!usfcb!{obuj!p!cjpmp|lj!ofwsfeopn!spkv@! !312/!Ob!lpkj!ob•jo!npaf!eb!cvef!jtlpsj|~fob!!ep!lsbkb!ajwpub! pesbtmb!q•fmb@!

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!313/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!u{w/!mblbuoph!qprb!lpe!qsfexfh!qbsb!lsjmb! q•fmf@! !314/!Lbeb!tf!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!tblvqrb!v!lmvcf@! !315/!Lpmjlp!usbkf!wsfnf!isbxfxb!nbujdf@! !316/!Nphv!mj!q•fmf!eb!qsf{jnf!v!ofqplsfuopn!)vlp•fopn*!tubxv! lbp!esvhj!jotfluj!)kfejoj•of!q•fmf-!nvwf!j!es/*! !317/![b|up!qptmf!j{mfhbxb!q•fmf!ptubkv!cf{!p•fwb@! !318/!\ub!tf!qpesb{vnfwb!qpe!qpknpn!fltufsjps!lpe!q•fmb! !319/![bwjtj!mj!qspevlujwoptu!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!pe!wfmj•jof! qpkfejoji!q•fmb@! !31:/!Lblp!njsop!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!pekfeopn!npaf!eb!!qptubof! bhsftjwop@!! !321/!Lp!tv!optjpdj!obtmfeoji!ptpcjob!v!q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv@! !322/!_jnf!dwfupwj!cjrblb!qsjwmb•f!jotfluf@! !323/!\ub!tv!oflubsjkf@! !324/!Lpkj!lmjnbutlj!vtmpwj!vuj•v!ob!mv•fxf!oflubsb@! !325/!Lpkb!kf!obkqpwprojkb!ufnqfsbuvsb!{b!mv•fxf!oflubsb@! !326/!Lbeb!dwfupwj!cjrblb!qsftubkv!eb!mv•f!oflubs@! !327/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!qpwf~b!lpmj•job!tbcsboph!oflubsb!pe! tusbof!q•fmb@! !328/!Lpmjlp!wpef!tbesaj!oflubs@! !329/!Lblwb!usfcb!eb!kf!lpodfousbdjkb!oflubsb!eb!hb!q•fmf! sb{mjlvkv!pe!wpef@! !32:/!Lpmjlv!lpmj•jov!wpef!!usfcb!eb!petusbof!q•fmf!j{!epofuph! oflubsb@! !331/!Lblp!q•fmf!{hv|xbwbkv!epofuj!oflubs@! !332/![b!lpkf!wsfnf!q•fmf!{hvtov!oflubs!ep!hvtujof!nfeb@! !333/!Lbeb!npaf!eb!{bqp•of!dfousjgvhjsbxf!nfeb@! !334/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!vtnfsbwbxb!q•fmb!lb!pesf}fopk!wstuj! nfepoptoph!cjrb@! !335/!Lblbw!kf!epqsjopt!Hvcjob!q•fmbstuwv@! !336/!Lpmjlp!ebmflp!mfuf!q•fmf!{b!qb|pn@! !337/!Npaf!mj!qsbwbd!wfusb!eb!cvef!v{spl!tnbxfxv!qb|f!•bl!j! lpe!qsjtvtuwb!{ob•bkof!lpmj•jof!oflubsb!v!cjrlbnb@!

16


!338/!Lpmlp!qvub!hpej|xf!cjrlf!tuwbsbkv!oflubs@! !339/!Lpmjlp!iflubsb!|vntlf!qpws|jof!kf!ofpqipeop!{b!kfeop! q•fmjxf!esv|uwp@! !33:/!Ep!lpmjlp!dwfupwb!usfcb!eb!epmfuj!q•fmb!eb!cj!qspj{wfmb! 2!lh/!nfeb@! !341/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!cfmph!cbhsfnb!{b!q•fmbstuwp@! !342/!Lpkf!lpmj•jof!oflubsb!tbeaf!dwfupwj!nbmjof@! !343/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!gbdfmjkj@! !344/!Eb!mj!kf!mbwboevmb!nfepoptob!cjrlb@! !345/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!ejwrfn!lftufov@! !346/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!qjupnpn!lftufov@! !347/!Lblwf!lpmj•jof!oflubsb!tbesaf!dwfupwj!ftqbs{fuf@! !348/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!wv•jlj@! !349/!Eb!mj!kf!hsb|bl!nfepoptob!cjrlb@! !34:/!Lbeb!q•fmf!!!qptf~vkv!!sba!j!esvhf!ajubsjdf@! !351/!Lpmjlp!dwfuj~b!jnb!v!tvodplsfupwpn!dwfuv!j!lpkb!lpmj•job! oflubsb!tf!mv•j!j{!xfhb@! !352/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!•j•plf!{b!q•fmbstuwp@! !353/!Lblwb!kf!nfepoptoptu!mjwbef@! !354/!Lpkf!wstuf!eswfub!pcsb{vkv!qpmfo!j!oflubs!v!sbop!qspmf~f@! !355/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!wp~oji!lvmuvsb!{b!q•fmbstuwp@! !356/!Ebkf!mj!nferjlv!kfmb!!Ebhmbt@! !357/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!nbuj•xbl!v!q•fmbstuwv@! !358/!Lpkf!cjrlf!tv!pqbtof!{b!q•fmf!v!qfsjpev!dwfubxb@! !359/!Eb!mj!kf!puspwbo!{b!q•fmf!njsjt!lpkj!mv•j!tsfcsopmjtob! mjqb@!!! !35:/!\ub!kf!nferjlb@! !361/!Lblp!tf!tuwbsb!nferjlb@! !362/!Lbeb!q•fmf!tblvqrbkv!nferjlv@! !363/!Lpe!lpkfh!jhmj•btuph!eswf~b!tf!mv•j!nferjlb@! !364/!Lpkf!|jsplpmjtop!eswf~f!mv•j!nferjlv@! !365/!Ob!lpkjn!efmpwjnb!kfmf!tf!qpkbwrvkf!nferjlb!j!!hef!ajwf! wb|j!lpkf!mv•f!kfmpwv!nferjlv@! !366/!Lblp!efmvkf!hrjwj•ob!nferjlb!ob!q•fmf@!

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!367/!Lblwb!kf!sb{mjlb!qpknpwb!nferjlb!j!nfe!pe!!nferjlf@! !368/!Qp!•fnv!tf!sb{mjlvkf!nferjlb!pe!nfeb@! !369/!\ub!kf!nfmfdjup{b@! !36:/!Lblbw!peopt!|f~fsb!j!wpef!usfcb!eb!cvef!lpe!isbxfxb! q•fmb@! !371/!Npaf!mj!eb!tf!lpsjtuj!isbob!{b!q•fmf!pe!{bqsrboph!jmj! ofqsf•j|~foph!|f~fsb@! !372/!Eb!mj!kf!qvopwsfeob!isbob!|f~fsoj!nfe@! !373/!_jnf!npaf!eb!tf!pckbtoj!qpwprbo!vujdbk!!qspmf~oph! qsjisbxjwbxb-!ob!qspmf~oj!sb{wpk!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb-!blp! tf!v!tjsvq!tubwj!tbnmfwfob!{fmfob!qbqsjlb@! !374/!Lblp!vuj•f!tubwrbxf!mjnvopwf!ljtfmjof!v!isbov!{b!q•fmf! v!qfsjpev!kftfxfh!qsjisbxjwbxb@! !375/!Lblp!tf!tqsfnb!|f~fsop!nfeop!uftup@! !376/!Tb!lblwpn!isbopn!j!lbeb!usfcb!eb!tf!qsjisbxvkv!q•fmf@! !377/!Lblp!tf!qsjqsfnb!|f~fsop!lwbtop!uftup@! !378/!\ub!j{b{jwb!{bnv~jwbxf!|f~fsoph!sbtuwpsb!j!lblp!!npaf! eb!tf!tqsf•j@! !379/!Lpmjlp!kf!evhp!pcsb{pwbxf!ubmphb!v!|f~fsopn!tjsvqv!qsj! evafn!•vwbxv!j!lblp!npaf!up!eb!tf!!tqsf•j@! !37:/!Lblwb!kf!sb{mjlb!j{nf}v!qptufqfoph!j!kfeoplsbuoph! qsjisbxjwbxb!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!v!kftfo@! !381/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!tbibsp{b@! !382/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!qsjisbxjwbxv!q•fmb!df}fxfn!|f~fsoph! tjsvqb!lsp{!tjup@! !383/!Lblwf!tv!qptmfejdf!lpe!qsjisbxjwbxb!q•fmb!tvwjn! |f~fspn@! !384/!V!lpkjn!tmv•bkfwjnb!tf!lpsjtuj!wpeb!v!q•fmbstuwv@! !385/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!tnbxj!hvcjubl!q•fmb!j{mfuojdb!lpkf! epoptf!wpev!v!lp|ojdv!v!qspmf~f@! !386/!Lpkb!lpmj•job!lvijxtlf!tpmj!npaf!eb!tf!epeb!wpej!{b! qpkfxf!q•fmb@! !387/!\ub!tf!qpesb{vnfwb!qpe!qpknpn!tubopwoj|uwp!!!lp|ojdf@! !388/!\ub!kf!joibmbdjpob!bmfshjkb!ob!q•fmf!

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!!693/!_jnf!npaf!eb!tf!{bnfoj!hmjdfsjo!lpkj!tf!lpsjtuj!lpe! j{sbef!tbuof!ptopwf@! !!694/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!nplsb!ulbojob!v!q•fmbstuwv@! !!695/!\ub!kf!q•fmbstlj!opa!j!{b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj@! !!696/!\ub!kf!ebtlb!Ubsbopwb……@!!……! !!697/!Lblwf!qpenfub•f!lpsjtuj!q•fmbs!v!lp|ojdj@! !!698/!\ub!p{ob•bwb!ufsnjo!tub{jdb!v!q•fmbstuwv@! !!699/!Lblbw!mfwbl!lpsjtuj!q•fmbs@! !!69:/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuf!quj•jkb!qfsb!v!q•fmbstuwv@! !!6:1/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!j{pmbups!j!{b!|ub!tmvaj@! !!6:2/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!qptuprf!{b!sbnpwf@! !!6:3/![b!|ub!kf!ofpqipeob!q•fmbsv!lb|j•jdb!j!lblwph!pcmjlb! usfcb!eb!cvef@! !!6:4/!Lblbw!kf!tvo•bop!fmflusj•oj!upqjpojl!j!lblp!tf!lpsjtuj@! !!6:5/!Lblwb!kf!ufnqfsbuvsb!v!tvo•bopn!upqjpojlv@!! !!6:6/!Lblwb!kf!sb{mjlb!j{nf}v!sf|fulf!Qsplpqpwj•b!j!! Ibofnbob@! !!6:7/!Lblwj!wjepwj!lbwf{b!tf!j{sb}vkv!{b!q•fmbstuwp@! !!6:8/!Lblwv!j{nfov!v!lbwf{v!j{pmbupsv!kf!vwfp!Cfslpwtlj@! !!6:9/!Pe!•fhb!tf!tbtupkj!tubojpmpw!lpnqmfu!{b!pcfmfabwbxf! nbujdb@!! !!6::/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!sfgsblupnfubs!j!{b!|ub!tmvaj@! !!711/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!nbltjnbmop.njojnbmoj!ufsnpnfubs!j! lbeb!usfcb!eb!tf!qptubwj!v!lp|ojdv@! !!712/![b!|ub!tmvaj!|qjsjuvtoj!hpsjpojl!{b!cs{p!efktuwp@! !!713/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!usvmp!eswp!v!q•fmbstuwv@! !!714/!Lpkj!nbufsjkbm!qptubwrfo!v!ejnjmjdv!ebkf!ejn!evhp! wsfnf@! !!715/!Lpkj!tv!ofeptubdj!ejnjmjdf!tb!lpaojn!nfipn@! !!716/!Lpkj!tv!opwj!ujqpwj!ejnjmjdf@! !!717/!\ub!kf!bqjejlups@! !!718/!Lblwb!usfcb!eb!kf!spkfwlb@! !!719/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!vojwfs{bmob!spkfwlb@!

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!!71:/!Lpkf!kb•jof!usfcb!eb!kf!fmfluspnpups!pesf}fo!{b! qplsfubxf!dfousjgvhf!lbqbdjufub!5!.–!7!sbnpwb@! !!721/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!blvnvmbups!v!q•fmbsutuwv@! !!722/!\ub!kf!fmflusj•oj!awsl!0fmflusj•oj!vubqb•!ajdf!v! ptopwv0@! !!723/!\ub!kf!eflsjtubmj{bups!nfeb@! !!724/!Lblp!lpsjtujuj!sv•ov!qstlbmjdv!lpe!sbeb!tb!q•fmbnb@! !!725/!\ub!kf!qmpej|uf@! !!726/!Lblwb!kf!lp|ojdb!Spaf!Efmpob@! !!727/!\ub!kf!evcplb!qpexb•b……’@! !!728/!Lpkb!wstub!eswfub!kf!obkqphpeojkb!{b!j{sbev!lp|ojdb@!!! !!729/!Lpkj!tqproj!efp!lp|ojdf!usvmj!cs{p!j!lblp!up!npaf!eb!tf! tqsf•j@! !!72:/!Lpmjlp!usfcb!eb!cvef!sbtupkbxf!pe!epxf!mfuwf!sbnb! qmpej|ub!ep!eob!lp|ojdf@! !!731/![b|up!of!usfcb!eb!tf!ptubwj!nophp!wfmjlp!sbtupkbxf!! j{nf}v!epxji!mfuwjdb!sbnb!j!eob!lp|ojdf@! !!732/!Lblwf!usfcb!eb!tv!sb{nfsf!mfub@! !!733/![b|up!tf!qsfqpsv•vkf!eb!kf!lp|ojdb!tb!epxjn!mfupn@! !!734/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!u{w/!tlmpqjwpn!qsp{psv!ob!lp|ojdj@! !!735/!Eb!mj!kf!ofpqipeop!mfup!ob!nfej|uv@! !!736/!\ub!p{ob•bwb!ufsnjo!tqsbu!v!q•fmbstuwv@! !!737/!Lblp!usfcb!eb!cvef!sbtupkbxf!pe!cp•oji!mfuwjdb!sbnb!ep! {jeb!lp|ojdf@! !!738/!Lpkb!wstub!eswfub!kf!obkqphpeojkb!{b!j{sbev!sbnpwb@! !!739/!Lpkb!kf!pehpwbsbkv~b!efcrjob!{jeb!lp|ojdf@! !!73:/!Lpkj!kf!ujq!lp|ojdf!obkcprj@! !!741/!Lpkfh!qsf•ojlb!tv!pcj•op!puwpsj!{b!ajdv!v!sbnpwjnb!j!lpkj! tv!jn!ofeptubdj@! !!742/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!tqsf•j!vsf{jwbxf!ajdf!v!mfuwjdf!sbnpwb! j!qptubwrbxf!kbkb!wp|uboph!nprdb!v!puwpsf!{b!ajdv@! !!743/!Lpkj!pcmjdj!sb{nblb!tv!qp{obuj!j!lpkj!pe!xji!tf!lpsjtuf! ebobt!v!q•fmbstuwv@! !!744/!Lpkj!qpmpabk!tb~b!kf!obkqphpeojkj-!upqmj!jmj!imbeoj@!

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!!745/!Lpkf!tv!qsfeoptuj!j!ofeptubdj!tubdjpobsoph!j!tfmf~fh! q•fmbstuwb@! !!746/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!lpoufkofs!{b!lp|ojdf@! !!747/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!qbwjrpo-!tfmf~j!q•fmjxbl!j!qsjlpmjdb@! !!748/!\ub!kf!sb{wpeojl@! !!749/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!sb{wpeojl!{b!nbujdf@! !!74:/!Lp!npaf!eb!tf!tnbusb!obkwf~pn!|ufup•jopn!{b!q•fmf@! !!751/!Lpkf!|ufup•jof!q•fmb!tv!qp{obuf!j{!lmbtf!pqoplsjmbdb@! !!752/!Lpkj!pqoplsjmdj!tv!cf{pqbtoj!{b!q•fmf@! !!753/!Lblp!q•fmbs!usfcb!!eb!•vwb!q•fmf!pe!nsbwb@! !!754/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!tus|rfov@! !!755/!Lblwv!|ufuv!q•fmbnb!oboptj!q•fmjxj!wvl@! !!756/!Oboptf!mj!|ufuv!q•fmbnb!{fnof!q•fmf@! !!757/!Lbeb!qbvdj!qsj•jxbwbkv!|ufuv!q•fmbnb@! !!758/!Qptupkj!mj!blbs!)lsqfr*!lpkj!epoptj!lpsjtu!q•fmbnb@! !!759/!Lpkf!wstuf!blbsb!tv!pqbtof!{b!q•fmf@! !!75:/!Lpkf!wstuf!blbsb!tf!isbof!qpmfopn@! !!761/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!blbsv!Wbsspb!kbdpctpoj!@! !!762/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!qbqjsopn!mbaopn!|lpsqjpov@! !!763/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!q•fmjxpk!wb|j@! !!764/!Lpmjlp!q•fmjxji!wb|j!npaf!jtupwsfnfop!eb!tf!obtfmj!ob! ufmv!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!jmj!ob!nbujdj@! !!765/!V!lpn!tmv•bkv!q•fmjxb!wb|!of!obmb{j!qphpeov!tsfejov!{b! twpk!sb{wpk@! !!766/!Lblwf!qsfwfoujwof!nfsf!usfcb!qsjnfojuj!v!cpscj!tb! q•fmjxpn!wb|j@! !!767/!Lblp!tf!wpej!cpscb!qspujw!q•fmjxf!wb|j@! !!768/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!wptlpwpn!nprdv@! !!769/!Lblwb!kf!qptupkboptu!wptlpwph!nprdb!qsj!sb{mj•jujn!!! ufnqfsbuvsbnb@! !!76:/!Qp!•fnv!tf!sbtqp{obkf!afolb!pe!nvakblb!mfqujsb!wptlpwph! nprdb@! !!771/!Qp!•fnv!tf!qp{obkf!eb!mj!v!tb~v!jnb!wptlpwph!nprdb@! !!772/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!cjpmp|lpk!cpscj!tb!wptlpwjn!nprdfn@!

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!!773/!Lblwj!qsfqbsbuj!tf!lpsjtuf!v!cpscj!qspujw!wptlpwph! nprdb@! !!774/!Oboptj!mj!|ufuv!q•fmbnb!mfqujs!nsuwb•lb!hmbwb@! !!775/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!vipmbaj!j!|ufuj!pe!xf@! !!776/!Lpkj!tv!ob•joj!{b!voj|ubwbxf!!vipmbab@! !!777/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!tfopkfev@! !!778/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!hscbwpk!nvij@! !!779/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!hsbcrjwpk!nvij@! !!77:/!Oboptf!mj!|ufuv!tupophf!q•fmbnb@! !!781/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!jotflujnb!j{!qpspejdf!vkfebkv~ji!nsbwb@! !!782/!Eb!mj!tv!pqbtoj!pcbej!{b!q•fmf@! !!783/!Oboptj!mj!|ufuv!q•fmbnb!wpefoj!lpxjd@! !!784/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!qbsb{juopk!nvij@! !!785/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!cvncbsjnb!uslb•jnb@! !!786/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!pcj•opk!{mbujdj@! !!787/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!lpspkfev@! !!788/!Lblwv!|ufuv!oboptj!pcj•oj!lpapkfe!q•fmbnb!j!lblp!usfcb! eb!tf!wpej!cpscb!tb!xjn@! !!789/!Lblwv!|ufuv!oboptj!q•fmbnb!cvncbs!dsob!nbklb@! !!78:/![b|up!efumj~!cv|j!{je!lp|ojdf@! !!791/!Oboptj!mj!|ufuv!mbtubwjdf!q•fmbnb@! !!792/!Lbeb!q•fmf!nphv!eb!qptubov!pcjmob!isbob!{b!tfojdf@! !!793/!Tb!lpkjn!efmpn!ufmb!q•fmf!tf!isbof!tfojdf@! !!794/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!dswfopmf}opn!twsb•lv@! !!795/!Lblp!eb!tf!tqsf•j!|ufub!qsj•jxfob!pe!dswfopmf}oph! twsb•lb@! !!796/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!ptpkfev!j!q•fmpkfev@! !!797/!Eb!mj!kf!pqbtob!abcb!{b!q•fmf@! !!798/!\ufuj!mj!kfa!q•fmbnb@! !!799/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!kfab!lbeb!tf!ob}f!cmj{v!q•fmjxblb@! !!79:/!Oboptj!mj!|ufuv!cfmlb!q•fmbnb@! !!7:1/!Lpkf!tv!|ufup•jof!sf{fswf!isbof!ob!q•fmjxblv@! !!7:2/!Lpkf!wstuf!blbsb!voj|ubwbkv!sf{fswf!isbof!q•fmb@! !!7:3/!Lblp!j{hmfeb!qpmfo!voj|ufo!pe!blbsb@!

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201


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346


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348


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350


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