concussion, with doctors at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, including Dr. Tina Master. Thus, there were many reasons for the transition to afferent aspects, and again I have no regrets. So exciting! Q. Please tell the readers what you feel are the next stages for investigating sensorimotor vision dysfunction in those with mTBI/ concussion. A. There are at least three new frontiers to conquer. The first is the determination of objectively-based, vision biomarkers which will assist in the diagnosis. We have already begun this research in the laboratory: some likely parameters included peak vergence velocity, peak accommodative velocity, and peak pupillary dilation velocity, and more. This area will advance as the technology and software become more sophisticated while remaining user-friendly for the doctor and therapist. The second is incorporating brain imaging techniques, such as diffusion tensor imaging, to assist in the initial diagnosis at baseline as well as assess the effects of a vision intervention, such as neuro-optometric rehabilitation, on brain centers with initially reduced responsivity. This is currently being studied at some optometric research centers. Lastly, and related to the above, is a more widespread investigation for the most optimal, efficacious, and long-lasting neuro-optometric rehabilitation using a range of clinical techniques and metrics. These would include objective assessment of the system under study, such as measuring static and dynamic aspects of accommodation before and after some vision intervention. It would likely involve a randomized clinical trial (RCT), perhaps studying therapeutic dose effects, the interactive effects of different therapies, or novel treatments such as acupuncture and oculomotor-based feedback therapy. One could also incorporate several mathematical approaches, such as power spectrum analysis, ROC (receiving operator characteristic) analysis, and the root-mean square (rms) technique, all of which we have used, as well as others. Thus, the future appears to be bright for our patients with ABI. I thank the Brain Injury Professional, and Dr. Kapoor, for allowing me to express my thoughts in this interview to your readers.
Neera Kapoor, OD, MS
About the Interviewer Dr. Neera Kapoor graduated with a Masters of Vision Sciences, Doctor of Optometry, and Residency in Vision Therapy and Rehabilitation, all at SUNYCollege of Optometry in the mid-1990s. She served as Chief of Vision Rehabilitation Services from June 2010 through early July 2015 and remained at SUNY College of Optometry through early 2016.
BIO: In early 2016, she transitioned from SUNY-College of Optometry to • Dr. Neera Kapoor graduated a Masters NYU-School of Medicine, where she is Clinicalwith Associate Professorof Vision Sciences, Doctor of Optometry, and of Rehabilitation Medicine and provides clinical careRehabilitation, as a neuroResidency in Vision Therapy and all at SUNY-College of Optometry in the optometrist at NYU-Langone Health's RUSK Institute of Rehabilitation mid-1990s. Medicine. • She served as Chief of Vision Rehabilitation Services from June 2010 through early July Dr. Kapoor co-authored overat 30SUNY peer-reviewed articles, 2015hasand remained College of10Optometry through early 2016. textbook chapters, and 25 poster presentations, and has presented • 110 In lectures early 2016, transitioned from SUNY-College of Optometry to NYU-School of over regionally,she nationally, and internationally, regarding visionMedicine, and acquired brain injury.she is Clinical Associate Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine and where provides clinical care as a neuro-optometrist at NYU-Langone Health's RUSK Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine. • Dr. Kapoor has co-authored over 30 peer-reviewed articles, 10 textbook chapters, andINJURY 25 BRAIN professional 33 poster presentations, and has presented over 110 lectures regionally, nationally, and